CN109375363A - The supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis - Google Patents
The supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis Download PDFInfo
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- CN109375363A CN109375363A CN201811154328.3A CN201811154328A CN109375363A CN 109375363 A CN109375363 A CN 109375363A CN 201811154328 A CN201811154328 A CN 201811154328A CN 109375363 A CN109375363 A CN 109375363A
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- south pole
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/16—Housings; Caps; Mountings; Supports, e.g. with counterweight
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- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis, lens cone for telescope is supported on the yoke of both sides by the bearing support of the altitude axis on its both sides, two yokes on both sides pass to weight on azimuth rotating platform, it is characterized in that, the bind mode between the azimuth rotating platform and pedestal is: several sliding blocks that pedestal is equipped with arc-shaped guide rail and matches therewith;The top of the sliding block and the bottom of the azimuth rotating platform are fixed.The present invention overcomes South Pole low temperature to reach -89 DEG C, the problem that hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers are not available in traditional technology;The present invention, which rotationally supports, to be relatively large in diameter, at 4 meters or more;It is small to support the moment of friction generated, can adapt to the requirement of South Pole energy supply anxiety;Supporting stabilizer can be realized the stable tracking of South Pole astronomical telescope and be directed toward.Compared with prior art, the present invention also eliminates radial positioning angular contact ball bearing group and location fix axis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supporting systems of mechanical rotation axis system, and in particular to a kind of novel large-scale South Pole telescope
Azimuth axis supporting system.
Background technique
South Pole scientific investigation statistics indicate that: Antarctic region atmosphere is thin, cold, dry, dust is few, and atmospheric turbulance is few, view is peaceful
It spends, it is often more important that be able to carry out the continuous astronomical observation (polar night) up to the several months in Antarctic region, and ambient light contamination is few.
These features make the astronomical observation condition in the South Pole be incomparable elsewhere on the earth.So astronomical boundary is all in the world
South Pole astronomy is being greatly developed, Dome A of the China also in the South Pole has started relevant astronomical research, successively in South Pole Dome A
It is mounted with the medium and small astronomical telescope such as CSTAR, AST3, these apertures of mirror of looking in the distance are small, and it is light-weight, using traditional mechanical axis
Hold bearing.With the propulsion of astronomical research, need to build large-scale altitude azimuth form astronomical telescope, large-scale altitude azimuth form day in the South Pole
Literary telescope configuration schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1, lens cone for telescope 1 is supported on two by the bearing support 3 of the altitude axis 2 on its both sides
On side yoke 4, two yokes 4 on both sides are passed to weight on azimuth rotating platform 5, for amechanical angle, the load-bearing of azimuth rotating platform 5
The diameter D of bearing 6 should be suitable with the span of both sides yoke, i.e., load-bearing bearing 6 should be in the underface of both sides yoke, this sample prescription
The mechanical property of position turntable 5 is best, and is conducive to the design of its structure.The radial positioning of azimuth rotating platform 5 passes through a pair of of angular contact ball
Bearing 8 realizes the radial positioning of azimuth axis 9.For large-scale astronomical telescope, orientation load-bearing bearing 6 generallys use liquid
Body hydrostatic bearing is had the advantages that as follows using this hydrostatic bearing:
1) compared with traditional mechanical ball bearing, the diameter of hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers can be made greatly, can satisfy described above
Orientation load-bearing bearing major diameter requirement.
2) coefficient of friction of hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers only has the 1/10 of mechanical bearing, advantageously reduces large-scale astronomical in this way and looks in the distance
The friction torque of mirror orientation rotation, and then reduce driving energy consumption.
But since the environment temperature in the South Pole is very low, winter minimum temperature reaches -89 DEG C.It is not available traditional large telescope
On the hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers that generally use.For this reason, it may be necessary to have a kind of technical solution, to solve South Pole large-scale astronomical telescope orientation
Support the following problem (the application is illustrated for 3 meters of aperture of mirror to look in the distance) faced:
1) it rotationally supports and is relatively large in diameter, at 4 meters or more.
2) moment of friction that bearing generates wants small, adapts to the requirement of South Pole energy supply anxiety.
3) supporting stabilizer can be realized the stable tracking of South Pole astronomical telescope and be directed toward.
The technical solution that can satisfy above-mentioned requirements is not yet found in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the support problems in order to solve above-mentioned 4 meters or more super-large diameters, provide a kind of large-scale south
The supporting system of pole telescope azimuth axis, which, which rotationally supports, is relatively large in diameter, at 4 meters or more;Supporting system bearing
The moment of friction of generation is small, can adapt to the requirement of South Pole energy supply anxiety;The supporting system supporting stabilizer, can be realized south
Astronomical telescope stable tracking in pole is directed toward.
The technical solution for accomplishing the above inventive task is that: a kind of supporting system of large size South Pole telescope azimuth axis is looked in the distance
Mirror lens barrel is supported on the yoke of both sides by the bearing support of the altitude axis on its both sides, and two yokes on both sides are the weight side of passing to
Position turntable on, which is characterized in that the bind mode between the azimuth rotating platform and pedestal is: pedestal be equipped with arc-shaped guide rail and with
Matching several sliding blocks;The top of the sliding block and the bottom of the azimuth rotating platform are fixed.
In other words, the invention proposes supporting schemes as shown in Figure 2: being matched therewith using arc-shaped guide rail 11 and 6
The bearing that sliding block 10 forms, to replace the hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers 6 of orientation load-bearing in Fig. 1 and the angular contact ball bearing group of radial positioning
8.Since the whole circle of the arc-shaped guide rail of super-large diameter can be spliced by multiple segmental arcs, so diameter D can be made big in Fig. 2.
The maximum gauge of off-the-shelf can reach 6 meters at present, and whole circle is spliced (as shown in Figure 3) by 6 60 ° of segmental arc, pass through spelling
Spliced less than 50 microns of the whole circle jerk value (micron order) of equipment is connect, is much higher than 3 meter level Aperture Telescopes and orientation is supported
Requirement (3 meter level bores require at 80~100 microns).Since telescope weights above passes to orientation by the yoke on both sides
Turntable, so respectively arranging 2 sliding blocks in the lower section of both sides yoke to undertake weights above (0 ° and 180 ° of two sides in such as Fig. 3
To), in order to improve the stability and rigidity of bearing, 1 sliding block is also respectively arranged respectively on 90 ° and 270 ° of directions.Sliding block 10
It is fixed on azimuth rotating platform 5 by joint bolt 12, arc-shaped guide rail 11 is fixed on pedestal 7 also by joint bolt 13, fixation side
Formula is as shown in Figure 4.Then according to arc-shaped guide rail product hand, if arc-shaped guide rail diameter D is 4 meters, single sliding block with matching
Be capable of carrying a load of 14 tons, if arranging 2 sliding blocks as shown in Figure 3, total load capacity of 4 sliding blocks below each yoke
It is 56 tons, and the weight of 3 meter level telescope rotating parts is at 40 tons or so, therefore, using this arc-shaped guide rail as large size
No matter the bearing of telescope can meet the requirement of South Pole large telescope, not only solve from load-bearing capacity or running accuracy
It has determined the problem of big rotating diameter, has also eliminated radial orientation angle contact ball bearing group and location fix axis in Fig. 1.
Prioritization scheme of the invention is as follows: the weight of large telescope rotating part is very heavy, and such as 3 meter level Aperture Telescopes turn
The weight of dynamic part will generate very big frictional force at 40 tons or so in this way between guide rail and sliding block, and then generate very big
Friction torque.Very big friction torque has two for large-scale South Pole telescope: first is that South Pole energy shortages,
Friction torque is intended to greatly very big driving energy consumption, causes energy supply problem;Second is that friction torque also implies that greatly
The undulate quantity of friction torque is also larger in whole circle, will affect the tracking accuracy of telescope in this way, cannot achieve high-precision tracking.
For this problem, the invention proposes schemes as shown in Figure 5, are respectively arranged with two pairs in the inner ring of arc-shaped guide rail and outer ring
Permanent magnetism circle, each pair of permanent magnetism circle are respectively D by diameter1And D2Upper permanent magnet and lower permanent magnet constitute the (D1Less than arc-shaped guide rail
Diameter;The D2Greater than the diameter of arc-shaped guide rail), the upper permanent magnet constitutes permanent magnetism circle unloading rotor;The lower permanent magnet
Constitute permanent magnetism circle off-load stator;Repulsion each other between the upper and lower permanent magnet of two pairs of permanent magnetism circles, is unloaded by permanent magnet expulsive force
It carries.The weight of two circle permanent magnet expulsive force unloadings is the 80% of telescope rotating part weight, and 20% weight is still undertaken by arc-shaped guide rail,
Moment of friction is not only greatly reduced in this way, but also is able to achieve the high-precision positioning function of arc-shaped guide rail.Unloading permanent magnetism circle is all by turning
Son 14 and stator 15 are composed of, and it is a whole circle, but due to existing processing that stator, which is similar to the bearing arc-shaped guide rail of front,
The considerations of condition and replacement maintenance in the future, whole delineation is spliced by several permanent magnet modules as shown in FIG. 6, splicing module
The upper surface of pedestal 7 is fixed on by fixing screws 16 respectively, the connecting method of inside and outside two circle is similar, and the size of splicing module can
According to diameter D1(D2), off-load weight and permanent magnetism processing technology etc. determine.Equally from the point of view of mechanics, weight is mainly
It is transmitted to azimuth rotating platform by the yoke on both sides, therefore, is mounted with to draw a circle to approve sub- phase with permanent magnetism respectively below both sides yoke 4
6 p-m rotor 14(of pairing are as shown in Figure 7), in order to guarantee stability and the rigidity of structure, the vertical direction of yoke on both sides
Upper (90 ° and 270 ° of directions in Fig. 7) are also respectively provided with 2 p-m rotors 14.It is solid that p-m rotor module equally passes through screw 17
It is scheduled on the lower surface of azimuth rotating platform 5.Permanent magnetic is directly proportional to the volume of permanent-magnet material, so load forces are unloaded in order to improve, Fig. 6 and figure
In 7 permanent magnet module all be use 1 screw fix, in order to be entirely limited permanent magnet module rotation and installation convenience,
It is machined with concave ring respectively in the lower surface of base upper surface and azimuth rotating platform, as shown in figure 8, being used to position permanent magnet module, concave ring
Size according to the outer dimension of permanent magnet module determine.
In order to guarantee that the present invention program can satisfy the requirement of telescope tenacious tracking, two kinds of measures are taken:
(1) permanent magnet module is handled in shape, as shown in Figure 9.Stator permanent magnet block 15 and rotor permanent magnet block 14 all use
" ︺ " shape, and total is relative to OO1Axis bilateral symmetry, the magnetizing direction of stator permanent magnet block 15 and rotor permanent magnet block 14
On the contrary, the two in this way generates repulsive force F as shown in Figure 9 on joint surface in the case where gap is H0, F and T, due to structure
Symmetrically, so the magnetic repulsion F and T on both sides are equal, also due to tiled configuration is symmetrical, so the angle δ and the angle θ in figure
It is equal, the component F of such magnetic repulsion F and T in the horizontal direction2And T2,They are equal in magnitude, and action direction is on the contrary, mutually support
Disappear, additional active force will not be generated to system, ensure that the stability of system.F in Fig. 91、T1And F0Three direction is upward, supports
Antigravity, with realizing the mesh of off-load.
(2) it in order to guarantee stability, has been respectively arranged in permanent magnetism off-load outer ring and permanent magnetism off-load on the both sides of arc-shaped guide rail
Circle, structure are as shown in Figure 5.Under the collective effect of off-load outer ring and off-load inner ring, permanent magnetism off-load is eliminated to arc-shaped guide rail branch
The influence of stability is held, and then can guarantee the tenacious tracking of telescope.
The present invention, which rotationally supports, to be relatively large in diameter, at 4 meters or more;It is small to support the moment of friction generated, can adapt to South Pole energy
Source requirement in short supply;Supporting stabilizer can be realized the stable tracking of South Pole astronomical telescope and be directed toward.With prior art phase
Than the present invention also eliminates radial positioning angular contact ball bearing group and location fix axis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is large-scale altitude azimuth form astronomical telescope structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is arc-shaped guide rail supporting structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is arc supporting guide rail and slide block structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is arc-shaped guide rail and sliding block coupling structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is permanent magnetism unloading-structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that off-load permanent-magnet stator circle splices schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is off-load permanent magnetism circle rotor scheme of installation;
Fig. 8 is that permanent magnet module installs concave ring structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is permanent magnets structural schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1, the supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis.Referring to attached drawing: lens cone for telescope 1 passes through its both sides
The bearing support 3 of altitude axis 2 be supported on both sides yoke 4, two yokes 4 on both sides pass to weight on azimuth rotating platform 5, side
Bind mode between position turntable 5 and pedestal 7 is: several sliding blocks 10 that pedestal 7 is equipped with arc-shaped guide rail 11 and matches therewith;
The top of sliding block 10 is fixed by sliding block joint bolt 12 and the bottom of azimuth rotating platform 5.Arc-shaped guide rail 11 couples spiral shell by guide rail
Nail 13 is fixed with pedestal 7.The whole circle of arc-shaped guide rail 11 is spliced by multiple segmental arcs.The set-up mode of sliding block is: pitching on both sides
The lower section of arm: 0 ° and 180 ° of both directions respectively arrange 2 sliding blocks;Also distinguish on both sides yoke vertical 90 ° and 270 ° of directions
Respectively 1 sliding block of arrangement.9 be azimuth axis in figure.
Be respectively arranged with two pairs of permanent magnetism circles in the inner ring of arc-shaped guide rail and outer ring, each pair of permanent magnetism circle respectively by upper permanent magnet with
Lower permanent magnet is constituted, and upper permanent magnet constitutes permanent magnetism circle unloading rotor 14;Lower permanent magnet constitutes permanent magnetism circle off-load stator 15;Two pairs forever
Repulsion each other between the upper and lower permanent magnet of magnetosphere, is unloaded by permanent magnet expulsive force.The permanent magnet expulsive force unloading of two pairs of permanent magnetism circles
Weight is the 80% of telescope rotating part weight, and 20% weight is still undertaken by arc-shaped guide rail.Permanent magnetism circle off-load stator 15 it is whole
Circle is spliced by several permanent magnet modules.The whole circle of permanent magnetism circle unloading rotor 14 be by several rotor permanent magnet modules splicing and
At.Permanent-magnet stator module is fixed on pedestal 7 by module attachment screw 16.P-m rotor module passes through module attachment screw 17
It is fixed on 5 bottom of azimuth rotating platform.5 bottom of azimuth rotating platform is equipped with azimuth rotating platform concave ring 18;Pedestal 7 is equipped with pedestal concave ring 19, uses
To position rotor permanent magnet module and stator permanent magnet module.The size of concave ring is according to the outer of rotor permanent magnet module and stator permanent magnet module
Shape size determines.
The present invention can save orientation load-bearing bearing 6 and angular contact ball bearing 8 in traditional technology (Fig. 1).
Claims (10)
1. a kind of supporting system of large size South Pole telescope azimuth axis, the support shaft that lens cone for telescope passes through the altitude axis on its both sides
It holds and is supported on the yoke of both sides, two yokes on both sides pass to weight on azimuth rotating platform, which is characterized in that the azimuth rotating platform
Bind mode between pedestal is: several sliding blocks that pedestal is equipped with arc-shaped guide rail and matches therewith;The sliding block it is upper
Portion and the bottom of the azimuth rotating platform are fixed.
2. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 1 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that the arc is led
The whole circle of rail is spliced by multiple segmental arcs.
3. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 1 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that the sliding block
Set-up mode is: the lower section of yoke on both sides: 0 ° and 180 ° of both directions respectively arrange 2 sliding blocks;Yoke is vertical on both sides 90 °
With on 270 ° of directions also distinguish 1 sliding block of each arrangement.
4. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 1 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that the sliding block is logical
It crosses joint bolt and is fixed on azimuth rotating platform, the arc-shaped guide rail is fixed on the base also by joint bolt.
5. the supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis described in one of -4 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in institute
It states the inner ring of arc-shaped guide rail and outer ring is respectively arranged with two pairs of permanent magnetism circles, each pair of permanent magnetism circle is respectively by upper permanent magnet and lower permanent magnet
It constitutes, the upper permanent magnet constitutes permanent magnetism circle unloading rotor;The lower permanent magnet constitutes permanent magnetism circle off-load stator;Described two pairs forever
Repulsion each other between the upper and lower permanent magnet of magnetosphere, is unloaded by permanent magnet expulsive force.
6. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 5 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that described two pairs forever
The weight of the permanent magnet expulsive force unloading of magnetosphere is the 80% of telescope rotating part weight, and 20% weight is still undertaken by arc-shaped guide rail.
7. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 5 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that the permanent magnetism circle
The whole circle of off-load stator is spliced by several stator permanent magnet modules.
8. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 5 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that described and whole circle
The set-up mode for the p-m rotor that permanent-magnet stator matches is: the lower section of yoke on both sides: 0 ° and 180 ° of both directions respectively arrange 6
A p-m rotor;Also 2 p-m rotors of each arrangement respectively on both sides yoke vertical 90 ° and 270 ° of directions.
9. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 7 or 8 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that stator is forever
Magnetic module and rotor permanent magnet module are all " ︺ " shapes, and this structure can guarantee the stability of bearing.
10. the supporting system of the large size South Pole according to claim 9 telescope azimuth axis, which is characterized in that on pedestal
Surface and the lower surface of azimuth rotating platform are machined with concave ring respectively, are respectively intended to positioning rotor permanent magnet module and stator permanent magnet module,
The size of the concave ring is determined according to the outer dimension of rotor permanent magnet module and stator permanent magnet module.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201811154328.3A CN109375363A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | The supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis |
PCT/CN2018/119159 WO2020062555A1 (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-04 | Large south pole telescope azimuth axis support system |
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CN201811154328.3A CN109375363A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | The supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis |
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CN109375363A true CN109375363A (en) | 2019-02-22 |
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CN201811154328.3A Pending CN109375363A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | The supporting system of large-scale South Pole telescope azimuth axis |
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WO (1) | WO2020062555A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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CN110215219A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-10 | 中国人民解放军空军特色医学中心 | High-precision intelligent type CFF detection system |
CN114935818A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-23 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Tracking frame suitable for large-caliber telescope and large-caliber telescope |
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