CN109371226B - Annealing control method of automatically controlled spring washer - Google Patents

Annealing control method of automatically controlled spring washer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109371226B
CN109371226B CN201811113423.9A CN201811113423A CN109371226B CN 109371226 B CN109371226 B CN 109371226B CN 201811113423 A CN201811113423 A CN 201811113423A CN 109371226 B CN109371226 B CN 109371226B
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temperature
spring washer
methanol
annealing
nitrogen
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CN109371226A (en
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赵关祥
俞世勇
严柏赢
李水文
唐水陆
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Hangzhou Spring Washer Co ltd
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Hangzhou Spring Washer Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs

Abstract

The invention relates to an annealing control method of an automatically controlled spring washer. The method adopts the annealing atmosphere of methanol and nitrogen and the two-stage annealing process at the same time, so that the spring washer has good hardness and tissue uniformity, smooth surface and edge and no burr phenomenon.

Description

Annealing control method of automatically controlled spring washer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of annealing of spring washers, in particular to an automatically controlled annealing control method of a spring washer.
Background
The prior art uses raw materials with uneven hardness and tissue when processing spring washers. In this case, if the spring washer is directly quenched or tempered, the mechanical properties of the spring washer will be poor, thereby affecting the use effect of the spring washer. Therefore, the annealing process of the spring washer is a key process, and through effective annealing, the spring washer has the advantages of good hardness and tissue uniformity, flat surface, smooth edge and no burr phenomenon. However, the annealing control methods of the prior spring washers still do not meet the above requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatically controlled annealing control method for a spring washer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an automatically controlled annealing control method for a spring washer, the method comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: placing the spring washer in an annealing device;
the second step is that: filling methanol into the annealing device; after the air in the annealing device is monitored to be exhausted, continuously filling methanol for a certain time;
the third step: carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, then preserving heat, and stopping filling methanol after heat preservation is finished;
the fourth step: programmed cooling is carried out, the temperature is reduced from 750 ℃ to 705 ℃, and nitrogen is filled in the process;
the fifth step: maintaining the temperature at 705 ℃, then cooling to 650 ℃, stopping introducing nitrogen after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge gas;
and a sixth step: and when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
According to the annealing control method, the flow rate of the methanol is 20-60 cc/min.
Preferably, the methanol flow rate is 25-55 cc/min; more preferably, the methanol flow rate is 30-50 cc/min; and, most preferably, the methanol flow rate is 35-45 cc/min.
In a specific embodiment, the methanol flow rate is 40 cc/min.
According to the annealing control method, the continuous methanol filling time is 10-60 min.
Preferably, the time for continuously filling the methanol is 15-55 min; more preferably, the time for continuously filling the methanol is 20-50 min; and, most preferably, the time for continuing the methanol charging is 25-40 min.
In a specific embodiment, the time for continuing the methanol charging is 30 min.
According to the annealing control method, the temperature rise rate in the third step is 6-16 ℃/min.
Preferably, the temperature rise rate of the third step is 7-14 ℃/min; more preferably, the temperature increase rate in the third step is 8-13 ℃/min; and, most preferably, said temperature rise rate of the third step is 9-12 ℃/min.
In a specific embodiment, said temperature rise rate of the third step is 10 ℃/min.
According to the annealing control method, the heat preservation time of the third step is 50-150 min.
Preferably, the heat preservation time of the third step is 60-140 min; more preferably, the incubation time of the third step is 70-130 min; and, most preferably, said incubation time of the third step is 80-120 min.
In a specific embodiment, said incubation time of the third step is 100 min.
According to the annealing control method, the cooling rate of the fourth step is 0.1-0.9 ℃/min.
Preferably, the cooling rate of the fourth step is 0.2-0.8 ℃/min; more preferably, the cooling rate of the fourth step is 0.3-0.7 ℃/min; and, most preferably, said cooling rate of the fourth step is 0.4-0.6 ℃/min.
In a specific embodiment, said cooling rate of the fourth step is 0.5 ℃/min.
According to the annealing control method, the nitrogen flow rate in the fourth step is 60-120 cc/min.
Preferably, the nitrogen flow rate in the fourth step is 70-110 cc/min; more preferably, the nitrogen flow rate in the fourth step is from 80 to 100 cc/min; and, most preferably, said nitrogen flow rate of the fourth step is from 85 to 95 cc/min.
In a specific embodiment, the nitrogen flow rate in the fourth step is 90 cc/min.
The annealing control method of the invention, wherein the heat preservation time in the fifth step is 180-300 min.
Preferably, the heat preservation time in the fifth step is 200-280 min; more preferably, the heat preservation time in the fifth step is 220-; and, most preferably, the heat preservation time of the fifth step is 230-.
In a specific embodiment, said incubation time of the fifth step is 240 min.
According to the annealing control method, the temperature reduction rate of the fifth step is 0.5-1.5 ℃/min.
Preferably, the cooling rate of the fifth step is 0.6-1.4 ℃/min; more preferably, the cooling rate of the fifth step is 0.8-1.2 ℃/min; and, most preferably, said cooling rate of the fifth step is 0.9-1.1 ℃/min.
In a specific embodiment, said cooling rate of the fifth step is 1.0 ℃/min.
The annealing control method according to the invention, wherein the spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel, 70 spring steel, 60Si2Mn spring steel.
Preferably, the spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel and 70 spring steel.
In a specific embodiment, the spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel.
According to the annealing control method, induction heating coils are adopted for annealing; and the heating temperature was measured using a photoelectric pyrometer.
Compared with the prior art, the annealing control method of the automatically controlled spring washer simultaneously adopts the annealing atmosphere of firstly methanol and then nitrogen and the two-stage annealing process, so that the spring washer has good hardness and tissue uniformity, and has a flat surface, smooth edges and no burr phenomenon.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
The spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel and has the specification of 12 mm. The spring washer is first placed in an annealing apparatus. Then filling methanol into the annealing device, wherein the flow rate of the methanol is 40 cc/min; and continuously filling methanol for 30min after monitoring that the air in the annealing device is exhausted. And (4) carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min for 100min, and stopping filling the methanol after the temperature keeping is finished. The temperature was then programmed to decrease from 750 ℃ to 705 ℃ at a rate of 0.5 ℃/min, with nitrogen being introduced at a flow rate of 90 cc/min. Keeping the temperature at 705 ℃ for 240min, and then cooling to 650 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1.0 ℃/min; and stopping introducing the nitrogen after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge the gas. And when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
The elasticity and toughness of the annealed spring washer of example 1 were tested according to the test conditions specified in the national standard GB/T94.1-2008. The results show a resilience of 2.46S (S is the spring washer thickness). The hardness of the spring washer is measured by a Rockwell hardness tester THR-150D, five points are uniformly arranged along the central line of the periphery of the spring washer, the average value h is obtained according to the numerical values of (h 1, h2, h3, h4 and h 5) from small to large, and the hardness uniformity (h5-h1)/h multiplied by 100 percent is calculated. The hardness uniformity was 0.72%. The burr phenomenon was measured by uniformly taking nine points on the surface of the cut of the spring washer using a TR130 type contact pin surface roughness meter, and Ra =45 μm was calculated. The washer is clamped between the vise and the wrench a distance equal to 1/2 of the outer diameter of the washer, and the wrench is slowly torqued 90 ° in a clockwise direction without breaking.
Example 2
The spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel and has the specification of 12 mm. The spring washer is first placed in an annealing apparatus. Then filling methanol into the annealing device, wherein the flow rate of the methanol is 20 cc/min; and continuously filling methanol for 60min after monitoring that the air in the annealing device is exhausted. And (4) carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, then keeping the temperature for 50min, and stopping filling the methanol after the temperature keeping is finished. The temperature was then programmed to decrease from 750 ℃ to 705 ℃ at a rate of 0.1 ℃/min, with nitrogen being introduced at a flow rate of 60 cc/min. Keeping the temperature at 705 ℃ for 180min, and then cooling to 650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.5 ℃/min; and stopping introducing the nitrogen after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge the gas. And when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
The elasticity and toughness of the annealed spring washer of example 1 were tested according to the test conditions specified in the national standard GB/T94.1-2008. The results showed an elasticity of 2.17S (S is the spring washer thickness). The hardness of the spring washer is measured by a Rockwell hardness tester THR-150D, five points are uniformly arranged along the central line of the periphery of the spring washer, the average value h is obtained according to the numerical values of (h 1, h2, h3, h4 and h 5) from small to large, and the hardness uniformity (h5-h1)/h multiplied by 100 percent is calculated. The hardness uniformity was 1.02%. The burr phenomenon was measured by uniformly taking nine points on the surface of the cut of the spring washer using a TR130 type contact pin surface roughness meter, and Ra =62 μm was calculated. The washer is clamped between the vise and the wrench a distance equal to 1/2 of the outer diameter of the washer, and the wrench is slowly torqued 90 ° in a clockwise direction without breaking.
Example 3
The spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel and has the specification of 12 mm. The spring washer is first placed in an annealing apparatus. Then filling methanol into the annealing device, wherein the flow rate of the methanol is 60 cc/min; and continuously filling methanol for 10min after monitoring that the air in the annealing device is exhausted. And (4) carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature at the heating rate of 16 ℃/min for 150min, and stopping filling the methanol after the temperature keeping is finished. The temperature was then programmed to decrease from 750 ℃ to 705 ℃ at a rate of 0.9 ℃/min, with nitrogen being introduced at a flow rate of 120 cc/min. Keeping the temperature at 705 ℃ for 300min, and then cooling to 650 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1.5 ℃/min; and stopping introducing the nitrogen after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge the gas. And when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
The elasticity and toughness of the annealed spring washer of example 1 were tested according to the test conditions specified in the national standard GB/T94.1-2008. The results showed an elasticity of 2.61S (S is the spring washer thickness). The hardness of the spring washer is measured by a Rockwell hardness tester THR-150D, five points are uniformly arranged along the central line of the periphery of the spring washer, the average value h is obtained according to the numerical values of (h 1, h2, h3, h4 and h 5) from small to large, and the hardness uniformity (h5-h1)/h multiplied by 100 percent is calculated. The hardness uniformity was 1.20%. The burr phenomenon was measured by uniformly taking nine points on the surface of the cut of the spring washer using a TR130 type contact pin surface roughness meter, and Ra =71 μm was calculated. The washer is clamped between the vise and the wrench a distance equal to 1/2 of the outer diameter of the washer, and the wrench is slowly torqued 90 ° in a clockwise direction without breaking.
Comparative example 1
The spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel and has the specification of 12 mm. The spring washer is first placed in an annealing apparatus. Then nitrogen is filled into the annealing device, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is 40 cc/min; and continuously filling nitrogen for 30min after the air in the annealing device is monitored to be exhausted. And (4) carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 100min at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and stopping filling nitrogen after the temperature keeping is finished. And then carrying out programmed cooling, wherein the cooling rate is 0.5 ℃/min, the temperature is reduced from 750 ℃ to 705 ℃, and methanol is filled in the process, and the flow rate of the methanol is 90 cc/min. Keeping the temperature at 705 ℃ for 240min, and then cooling to 650 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1.0 ℃/min; and stopping introducing the methanol after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge the gas. And when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
The elasticity and toughness of the annealed spring washer of example 1 were tested according to the test conditions specified in the national standard GB/T94.1-2008. The results showed an elasticity of 1.71S (S is the spring washer thickness). The hardness of the spring washer is measured by a Rockwell hardness tester THR-150D, five points are uniformly arranged along the central line of the periphery of the spring washer, the average value h is obtained according to the numerical values of (h 1, h2, h3, h4 and h 5) from small to large, and the hardness uniformity (h5-h1)/h multiplied by 100 percent is calculated. The hardness uniformity was 1.94%. The burr phenomenon was measured by uniformly taking nine points on the surface of the cut of the spring washer using a TR130 type contact pin surface roughness meter, and Ra =93 μm was calculated. The washer is clamped between the vise and the wrench a distance equal to 1/2 of the outer diameter of the washer, and the wrench is slowly torqued 90 ° in a clockwise direction without breaking.
Comparative example 2
The spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel and has the specification of 12 mm. The spring washer is first placed in an annealing apparatus. Then nitrogen is filled into the annealing device, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is 40 cc/min; and continuously filling nitrogen for 30min after the air in the annealing device is monitored to be exhausted. And (4) carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 100min at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and stopping filling nitrogen after the temperature keeping is finished. The temperature was then programmed to decrease at a rate of 0.5 ℃/min from 750 ℃ to 705 ℃, during which nitrogen was continuously introduced at a flow rate of 90 cc/min. Keeping the temperature at 705 ℃ for 240min, and then cooling to 650 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1.0 ℃/min; and stopping introducing the nitrogen after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge the gas. And when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
The elasticity and toughness of the annealed spring washer of example 1 were tested according to the test conditions specified in the national standard GB/T94.1-2008. The results show an elasticity of 1.85S (S is the spring washer thickness). The hardness of the spring washer is measured by a Rockwell hardness tester THR-150D, five points are uniformly arranged along the central line of the periphery of the spring washer, the average value h is obtained according to the numerical values of (h 1, h2, h3, h4 and h 5) from small to large, and the hardness uniformity (h5-h1)/h multiplied by 100 percent is calculated. The hardness uniformity was 2.31%. The burr phenomenon was measured by uniformly taking nine points on the surface of the cut of the spring washer using a TR130 type contact pin surface roughness meter, and Ra =107 μm was calculated. The washer is clamped between the vise and the wrench a distance equal to 1/2 of the outer diameter of the washer, and the wrench is slowly torqued 90 ° in a clockwise direction without breaking.
Comparative example 3
The spring washer material is selected from 65Mn spring steel and has the specification of 12 mm. The spring washer is first placed in an annealing apparatus. Then filling methanol into the annealing device, wherein the flow rate of the methanol is 40 cc/min; and continuously filling methanol for 30min after monitoring that the air in the annealing device is exhausted. And (4) carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min for 100min, and stopping filling the methanol after the temperature keeping is finished. The temperature was then programmed to decrease from 750 ℃ to 650 ℃ at a rate of 0.5 ℃/min, with nitrogen being introduced at a flow rate of 90 cc/min. And stopping introducing the nitrogen after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge the gas. And when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
The elasticity and toughness of the annealed spring washer of example 1 were tested according to the test conditions specified in the national standard GB/T94.1-2008. The results show an elasticity of 1.92S (S is the spring washer thickness). The hardness of the spring washer is measured by a Rockwell hardness tester THR-150D, five points are uniformly arranged along the central line of the periphery of the spring washer, the average value h is obtained according to the numerical values of (h 1, h2, h3, h4 and h 5) from small to large, and the hardness uniformity (h5-h1)/h multiplied by 100 percent is calculated. The hardness uniformity was 1.76%. The burr phenomenon was measured by uniformly taking nine points on the surface of the cut of the spring washer using a TR130 type contact pin surface roughness meter, and Ra =79 μm was calculated. The washer is clamped between the vise and the wrench a distance equal to 1/2 of the outer diameter of the washer, and the wrench is slowly torqued 90 ° in a clockwise direction without breaking.
Compared with the comparative examples 1-2, the results show that the annealing atmosphere of methanol and then nitrogen is adopted to obviously improve the hardness uniformity and the tissue uniformity (namely the incision surface uniformity); the results of example 1 compared to comparative example 3 show that the two-stage annealing process has a significant effect on improving the hardness uniformity and the texture uniformity compared to the one-stage annealing process.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. An automatically controlled spring washer annealing control method, comprising the steps of: putting the spring washer into an annealing device, and then filling methanol into the annealing device, wherein the flow rate of the methanol is 40 cc/min; after monitoring that the air in the annealing device is exhausted, continuously filling methanol for 30 min; carrying out temperature programming, heating from room temperature to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then keeping the temperature for 100min, and stopping filling methanol after the temperature keeping is finished; then, programmed cooling is carried out, the cooling rate is 0.5 ℃/min, the temperature is reduced from 750 ℃ to 705 ℃, nitrogen is filled in the process, the nitrogen flow is 90cc/min, the temperature is preserved for 240min at 705 ℃, then the temperature is reduced to 650 ℃, and the cooling rate is 1.0 ℃/min; stopping introducing nitrogen after the temperature reduction is finished, and simultaneously beginning to discharge gas; and when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 550 ℃, taking out the spring washer, and cooling to room temperature in air.
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CN101363077A (en) * 2008-09-10 2009-02-11 江苏太平洋精密锻造有限公司 Isothermal spheroidizing technology of cold precision forging gear blank
CN102994710B (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-11-26 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 Spheroidizing annealing process of superplasticity fastener wire rod
CN103993140A (en) * 2014-04-19 2014-08-20 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 Spheroidizing annealing technology of low-hardness fastener wires
CN103993141A (en) * 2014-04-23 2014-08-20 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 Spheroidizing annealing process for high-toughness medium carbon steel wires
CN104878166A (en) * 2015-05-26 2015-09-02 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 Spheroidized annealing process for shortening annealing cycle of hot rolled wire rods

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