CN109368788B - Method for regulating and controlling denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-area distribution - Google Patents

Method for regulating and controlling denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-area distribution Download PDF

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CN109368788B
CN109368788B CN201811354161.5A CN201811354161A CN109368788B CN 109368788 B CN109368788 B CN 109368788B CN 201811354161 A CN201811354161 A CN 201811354161A CN 109368788 B CN109368788 B CN 109368788B
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方芳
李瀚翔
郭劲松
王帅
陈猷鹏
晏鹏
王晗
刘智萍
祁菁
杨明明
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-district distribution, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage particle size range in a single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge reactor, calculating the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of an aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area of the granular sludge to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of an anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area, recording the ratio as P, judging whether the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in the granular sludge are matched according to the P value, further judging whether the micro-area distribution of dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge is reasonable, and directionally and accurately regulating and controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor according to the P value, so that the granular sludge in the reactor can realize better denitrification, and the denitrification performance of the reactor is improved. The principle of the invention accords with the nitrogen conversion rule, embodies the accuracy and feasibility, has simple operation and can effectively improve the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge reactor.

Description

Method for regulating and controlling denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-area distribution
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-district distribution.
Background
With the development of economy, the increasingly active human activities destroy the original material circulation in the nature, so that a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants enter the natural water body in the forms of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater and the like, and the water environment in which human lives is seriously damaged. Among them, nitrogen pollution has become a major environmental problem to be solved urgently.
The single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process is to realize the coupling of nitrosation reaction and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in the same reactor so as to further realize the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen. Compared with the traditional nitrification-denitrification process, part of ammonia nitrogen in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process is firstly oxidized into nitrite nitrogen by aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and the generated nitrite nitrogen and the rest ammonia nitrogen are converted into nitrogen by anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Therefore, the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process does not need an additional organic carbon source, can reduce the oxygen consumption by about 60 percent, and meets the requirements of energy conservation and consumption reduction of wastewater treatment. The research on the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process is beneficial to realizing the conversion from a sewage plant to a resource and energy type plant.
In the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process, aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are main functional bacteria. The aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria belong to the aerobic bacteria, while the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria belong to the anaerobic bacteria (it is found that the activity is inhibited when the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 0.064 mg/L). The existing research shows that under the influence of factors such as external mass transfer resistance, the dissolved oxygen concentration gradient formed inside the granular sludge can provide a suitable living environment for aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria simultaneously. However, the dissolved oxygen concentration inside the granular sludge is correlated with the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor. Therefore, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor is accurately regulated and controlled to create a micro-area environment suitable for coexistence of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the granular sludge, the granular sludge is efficiently and stably denitrified, and the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic denitrification process can be effectively improved. However, no relevant report is available yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-area distribution, and solves the problem that the prior art does not realize high-efficiency denitrification of the single-stage autotrophic denitrification process based on granular sludge.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: taking the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage particle size range in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor, calculating the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area of the granular sludge to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area of the granular sludge, recording the ratio as P, judging whether the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in the granular sludge are matched according to the P value, and further judging whether the micro-area distribution of dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge is reasonable; when the P value is 1.0-1.6, the matching degree of the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammoxidation reaction in the granular sludge is good, and the micro-area distribution of dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge is reasonable and has good autotrophic nitrogen removal capability; when the P value is 0-1.0, increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor, and adjusting the P value to 1.0-1.6; and when the P value is more than 1.6, reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor, and adjusting the P value to 1.0-1.6.
Nitrosation reaction:
Figure BDA0001865653090000021
Figure BDA0001865653090000022
anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction:
Figure BDA0001865653090000023
Figure BDA0001865653090000024
as can be seen from the above chemical reaction stoichiometry equation of the nitrosation reaction and the anammox reaction, when the ratio of the amount of ammonia nitrogen converted by the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the single-stage autotrophic anammox granular sludge through the nitrosation reaction in the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active region to the amount of ammonia nitrogen converted by the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active region is 1.32 (i.e., P is 1.32), completely autotrophic denitrification can be achieved. Further, researches show that when the P value is between 1.0 and 1.6, the nitrosation reaction inside the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge is well matched with the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, and the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge has better autotrophic nitrogen removal performance. The granular sludge is used as a main denitrification contributor of a single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge reactor, and the denitrification performance of the granular sludge determines the integral denitrification performance of the reactor. In the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process, the conversion efficiency of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the granular sludge on ammonia nitrogen is influenced by the concentration of internal dissolved oxygen, and the concentration of the internal dissolved oxygen is related to the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in a reactor. Therefore, in order to improve the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge reactor, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor needs to be accurately regulated and controlled, and a micro-area environment suitable for coexistence of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the granular sludge is created, so that the granular sludge has better autotrophic denitrification performance.
Further, the P value is obtained by the following calculation method:
1) taking the granular sludge in a single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor, and measuring the particle size distribution of the granular sludge to determine the particle size range of the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage in the reactor;
2) randomly taking the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage particle size range in the reactor to perform microelectrode testing, and measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration and ammonia nitrogen concentration at different depths in the granular sludge;
3) determining aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas in the granular sludge according to the dissolved oxygen concentrations at different depths in the granular sludge determined in the step 2), and respectively calculating the volume of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas in the selected granular sludge and the volume of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas in the granular sludge;
wherein the volume (V) of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAOB)：
Figure BDA0001865653090000025
Volume (V) of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active zone inside granular sludgeAnAOB)：
Figure BDA0001865653090000026
Wherein R is the radius of the selected granular sludge, RaSelecting the radius of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludge;
4) respectively calculating the ammonia nitrogen concentration change of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area in the selected granular sludge and the ammonia nitrogen concentration change of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area in the granular sludge according to the ammonia nitrogen concentrations of different depths in the granular sludge measured in the step 2);
wherein, the ammonia nitrogen concentration change (delta NH) of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludge4 +-NAOB)：
Figure BDA0001865653090000032
Variation of ammonia nitrogen concentration (Delta NH) in anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active zone in granular sludge4 +-NAnAOB)：
Figure BDA0001865653090000033
In the formula, CAOB-OThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the outer boundary of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAOB-IThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the boundary in the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAnAOB-OThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the outer boundary of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludgeAnAOB-IThe ammonia nitrogen concentration of the center of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludge is obtained;
5) v obtained in step 3)AOBAnd VAnAOBAnd Delta NH obtained in step 4)4 +-NAOBAnd Δ NH4 +-NAnAOBSubstituting the formula (5) to obtain a P value;
Figure BDA0001865653090000031
further, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the particle size range is 100-200 μm.
Further, the particle size of the granular sludge in the reactor is more than 200 μm.
Furthermore, the aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active zone in the granular sludge is a zone with dissolved oxygen concentration more than 0.064mg/L, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active zone is a zone with dissolved oxygen concentration less than 0.064 mg/L. The aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge are mainly enriched in the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area and are converted into ammonia nitrogen through nitrosation reaction, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge are mainly enriched in the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area and are converted into ammonia nitrogen through anaerobic ammonia oxidizing reaction. When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the sludge is more than 0.064mg/L, the activity of anammox bacteria is suppressed, and therefore, the concentration is selected as the boundary between the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active region and the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active region.
Furthermore, the adjustment range of the dissolved oxygen in the reactor is 0.05-0.1 mg/L. The single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process has narrow application range to the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Too high a regulation range of dissolved oxygen can affect the dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge, and further affect the activities of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and cause rapid decrease or increase of the P value. Therefore, the adjustment range of the dissolved oxygen in the reactor should not be too high.
Further, the environment of the microelectrode during testing is the same as the environment of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor during operation, and mainly comprises water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and total nitrogen concentration. Therefore, the operation condition of the reactor is accurately simulated, and whether the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor is appropriate or not is accurately judged through the test result.
Further, the microelectrode test adopts a continuous aeration mode, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is adjusted by the mixing ratio of nitrogen and oxygen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-area distribution based on the matching degree of nitrosation reaction generated in an aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area in the single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction generated in an anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area. The method can judge whether the dissolved oxygen concentration of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor is proper or not, provides a technical means for directionally and accurately regulating and controlling the proper dissolved oxygen concentration of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor, is favorable for realizing the efficient and stable nitrogen removal of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge process, and has high accuracy.
2. According to the invention, the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active area of the granular sludge to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active area of the granular sludge is calculated by measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of different depths in the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage particle size range in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor, so that whether the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing reaction in the granular sludge are matched can be judged, and further, whether the micro-area distribution of the dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge is reasonable can be judged. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor can be directionally and accurately regulated according to the P value, so that the sludge in the maximum volume percentage particle size range in the reactor can be well denitrified, and the denitrification performance of the reactor is improved. The principle of the invention accords with the nitrogen conversion rule, embodies the accuracy and feasibility, has simple operation and can effectively improve the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge reactor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a spatial distribution diagram of the dissolved oxygen concentration inside the granular sludge in the example;
FIG. 2 is a spatial distribution diagram of the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the granular sludge in the example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
When the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process is adopted to realize autotrophic nitrogen removal, theoretically, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is 100%, and the total nitrogen removal rate can reach 88%, but the method is difficult to realize in actual operation. The feasibility of the process is illustrated by the present invention based on the example of a single-stage autotrophic denitrification EGSB reactor with nitrosation-anaerobic ammonia oxidation as the main denitrification pathway. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal EGSB reactor is 0.45mg/L, the water temperature is 32 ℃, the total nitrogen concentration is 100mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 100 mg/L.
A method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-district distribution comprises the following steps:
1) taking the granular sludge in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal EGSB reactor, and measuring the particle size distribution of the granular sludge. The particle size range of the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage in the reactor is 900-1000 mu m and is about 20 percent of the total volume of the sludge in the reactor.
2) Taking granular sludge with the particle size of 1000 microns for microelectrode testing, keeping the microelectrode testing environment consistent with that of a reactor (namely the dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.45mg/L, the water temperature is 32 ℃, the total nitrogen concentration is 100mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 100mg/L), and measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration and the ammonia nitrogen concentration at different depths in the granular sludge. The results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the dissolved oxygen concentration gradually decreases as the depth inside the granular sludge increases. When the depth of the inside of the granular sludge was 165 μm, the dissolved oxygen concentration was 0.064 mg/L. From this, it is considered that the region from the surface to the inner 165 μm of the granular sludge having a particle size of 1000 μm is an aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria-activating region, and the region from the inner 165 μm to the center of the granular sludge is an anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria-activating region, i.e., R is 500 μm and Ra is 335 μm.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the ammonia nitrogen concentration on the surface of the granular sludge is 70.17mg/L, i.e., the ammonia nitrogen concentration (C) at the outer boundary of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area inside the granular sludgeAOB-O) It was 70.17 mg/L. The ammonia nitrogen concentration at 165 mu m inside the granular sludge is 64.57mg/L, namely the ammonia nitrogen concentration (C) of the inner boundary of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area and the outer boundary of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area inside the granular sludgeAOB-IAnd CAnAOB-O) It was 64.57 mg/L. The ammonia nitrogen concentration at the 500 mu m position in the granular sludge is 52.01mg/L, namely the ammonia nitrogen concentration (C) in the center of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area in the granular sludgeAnAOB-I)52.01mg/L。
3) The R value and R obtained in the step 2) areaThe values are respectively substituted into the formulas (1) and (2), and the volume V of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area is calculatedAOBIs 3.66X 108μm3Volume V of the active region of anammox bacteriaAnAOBIs 1.57X 108μm3。
Figure BDA0001865653090000051
Figure BDA0001865653090000052
Wherein, VAOBThe volume of an aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active zone (mum) in the granular sludge3)，VAnAOBVolume (mum) of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active region in granular sludge3) R is the radius (mum) of the granular sludge, RaThe radius (mum) of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludge.
4) C obtained in the step 2)AOB-O，CAOB-I，CAnAOB-OAnd CAnAOB-ISubstituting the formula (3) and the formula (4), calculating the change delta NH of the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludge4 +-NAOB5.6mg/L, variation delta NH of ammonia nitrogen concentration in anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active zone4 +-NAnAOBIt was 12.56 mg/L.
Figure BDA0001865653090000053
Figure BDA0001865653090000054
Wherein, Delta NH4 +-NAOBThe ammonia nitrogen concentration of an aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludge is changed by (mg/L) and delta NH4 +-NAnAOBIs the variation value (mg/L), C of the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAOB-OThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the outer boundary of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAOB-IThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the boundary in the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAnAOB-OThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the outer boundary of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludgeAnAOB-IFor the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria in the granular sludgeAmmonia nitrogen concentration in the center of the zone.
5) Will VAOBValue VAnAOBValue,. DELTA.NH4 +-NAOBValue and Δ NH4 +-NAnAOBAnd (5) carrying out value introduction, and calculating to obtain the ratio P of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active area to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active area in the granular sludge with the grain size of 1000 microns, wherein the ratio P is 1.04.
Figure BDA0001865653090000055
The ratio P of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active area to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active area in the granular sludge with the particle size of 900 microns obtained by the method is 1.57.
Therefore, when the dissolved oxygen concentration in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal EGSB reactor is 0.45mg/L, the ratio P of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludge with the grain diameter of 900-1000 microns to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active area is 1.0-1.6, which shows that the micro-area distribution of the dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge with the grain diameter of 900-1000 microns is reasonable under the dissolved oxygen concentration, and the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in the sludge have good matching degree and have good autotrophic nitrogen removal capability. In addition, through the measurement of the actual denitrification performance of the reactor, the ammonia nitrogen concentration, the nitrite nitrogen concentration and the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the effluent water of the reactor are kept stable when the dissolved oxygen concentration in the single-stage autotrophic denitrification EGSB reactor is 0.45mg/L, and the actual ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal rate can reach 93.0 percent and 79.0 percent, which indicates that the reactor has higher autotrophic denitrification performance. Therefore, the method is consistent with the result obtained by the operation result of the reactor on whether the dissolved oxygen concentration in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor is proper or not, and the feasibility and the accuracy of the method are proved.
In conclusion, the invention can judge whether the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammoxidation reaction in the granular sludge are matched by measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of different depths in the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage grain diameter range in the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor and calculating the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the aerobic ammoxidation bacteria active zone to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria active zone of the granular sludge, thereby judging whether the micro-zone distribution of the dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge is reasonable. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor can be directionally and accurately regulated according to the P value, so that the sludge in the maximum volume percentage particle size range in the reactor can be well denitrified, and the denitrification performance of the reactor is improved. The principle of the invention accords with the nitrogen conversion rule, and embodies the accuracy and feasibility. The method is simple to operate, the proper dissolved oxygen concentration of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor can be directionally and accurately regulated and controlled through the obtained P value, and the nitrogen removal performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor is effectively improved. The method has good application prospect and can provide theoretical basis for the application of the practical engineering of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge based on micro-zone distribution is characterized in that the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage particle size range in a single-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge reactor is taken, the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of an aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active zone to the ammonia nitrogen conversion amount of an anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active zone of the granular sludge is calculated and recorded as P, whether the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in the granular sludge are matched or not is judged according to the P value, and then whether the micro-zone distribution of dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge is reasonable or not is judged; when the P value is 1.0-1.6, the matching degree of the nitrosation reaction and the anaerobic ammoxidation reaction in the granular sludge is good, and the micro-area distribution of dissolved oxygen in the granular sludge is reasonable and has good autotrophic nitrogen removal capability; when the P value is 0-1.0, increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor, and adjusting the P value to 1.0-1.6; and when the P value is more than 1.6, reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reactor, and adjusting the P value to 1.0-1.6.
2. The method for regulating the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge based on micro-regional distribution according to claim 1, wherein the P value is obtained by using the following calculation method:
1) taking the granular sludge in a single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor, and measuring the particle size distribution of the granular sludge to determine the particle size range of the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage in the reactor;
2) randomly taking the granular sludge with the maximum volume percentage particle size range in the reactor to perform microelectrode testing, and measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration and the ammonia nitrogen concentration at different depths in the selected granular sludge;
3) determining aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas in the granular sludge according to the dissolved oxygen concentrations at different depths in the granular sludge determined in the step 2), and respectively calculating the volume of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas in the selected granular sludge and the volume of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active areas in the granular sludge;
wherein the volume (V) of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAOB)：
Figure FDA0002929407610000011
Volume (V) of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active zone inside granular sludgeAnAOB)：
Figure FDA0002929407610000012
Wherein R is the radius of the selected granular sludge, RaSelecting the radius of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludge;
4) respectively calculating the ammonia nitrogen concentration change of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area in the selected granular sludge and the ammonia nitrogen concentration change of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active area in the granular sludge according to the ammonia nitrogen concentrations of different depths in the granular sludge measured in the step 2);
wherein, the ammonia nitrogen concentration change (delta NH) of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludge4 +-NAOB)：
Figure FDA0002929407610000021
Variation of ammonia nitrogen concentration (Delta NH) in anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active zone in granular sludge4 +-NAnAOB)：
Figure FDA0002929407610000022
In the formula, CAOB-OThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the outer boundary of the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAOB-IThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the boundary in the aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria active zone in the granular sludgeAnAOB-OThe ammonia nitrogen concentration C of the outer boundary of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludgeAnAOB-IThe ammonia nitrogen concentration of the center of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria active area in the granular sludge is obtained;
5) v obtained in step 3)AOBAnd VAnAOBAnd Delta NH obtained in step 4)4 +-NAOBAnd Δ NH4 +-NAnAOBSubstituting the formula (5) to obtain a P value;
Figure FDA0002929407610000023
3. the method for controlling the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge based on micro-zone distribution according to claim 1, wherein the granular sludge in the reactor has a particle size of more than 200 μm.
4. The method for regulating the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge based on micro-zone distribution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the particle size range is 100-200 μm.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge based on the micro-zone distribution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active zone inside the granular sludge is an area with a dissolved oxygen concentration of more than 0.064mg/L, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria active zone inside the granular sludge is an area with a dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 0.064 mg/L.
6. The method for regulating the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge based on micro-zone distribution according to claim 1, wherein the regulation range of the dissolved oxygen in the reactor is 0.05-0.1 mg/L.
7. The method for controlling the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge according to claim 2, wherein the environment of the microelectrode test is the same as the environment of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge reactor during operation.
8. The method for modulating the denitrification performance of a single stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge based on micro-regional distribution according to claim 7, wherein the environment comprises water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and total nitrogen concentration.
9. The method for controlling the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge according to claim 2, wherein said micro-electrode test is performed by continuous aeration, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is adjusted by the mixing ratio of nitrogen and oxygen.
10. The method for regulating and controlling the denitrification performance of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge based on micro-zone distribution according to claim 2, wherein the inner boundary of the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active zone inside the granular sludge coincides with the outer boundary of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria active zone inside the granular sludge.
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