CN109362170B - A kind of a wide range of change track magnet structure for realizing continuous beam acceleration - Google Patents
A kind of a wide range of change track magnet structure for realizing continuous beam acceleration Download PDFInfo
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- CN109362170B CN109362170B CN201811428127.8A CN201811428127A CN109362170B CN 109362170 B CN109362170 B CN 109362170B CN 201811428127 A CN201811428127 A CN 201811428127A CN 109362170 B CN109362170 B CN 109362170B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of a wide range of change track magnet structures for realizing continuous beam acceleration, the magnet arrangement is used to form circular accelerator and periodically generates the magnet assemblies for rocking track, the periodicity generates the magnet assemblies for rocking track along the laying of accelerator circumferencial direction interval, each magnet assemblies are made of two positive deflection radial convergence magnets and a reverse deflection axial focusing magnet, and a wide range of change track magnet structure includes field structure, magnetism gap structure, magnet exciting coil;It is characterized by: a wide range of magnetism gap structure for becoming track magnet structure becomes air gap magnetism gap structure into large radius range.The present invention becomes air gap magnetism gap structure by using the large radius range that space length between upper and lower magnetic pole shortens with the lengthening of accelerator magnetic pole radius, i.e., solves traditional cyclotron beam-out energy lower than 1GeV common problem by using the magnet arrangement for meeting high order many-termed relation formula between the space length h between upper and lower magnetic pole and magnetic pole radius r.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to accelerator magnet technical field more particularly to a kind of a wide range of change tracks for realizing continuous beam acceleration
Magnet arrangement.
Background technique
In high power proton precessional magnetometer, the group of cyclotron scheme, linear accelerator and fast-cycling synchrotron
Conjunction scheme is two schemes being widely recognized as in the world.The advantages of cyclotron scheme, is put down using continuous beam acceleration mode
Flow powerful, equipment scale is relatively small, low cost, the disadvantage is that when line when energy is higher since focusing force not enough causes
Line highest draws energy generally in 1GeV hereinafter, to limit further increasing for cyclotron power.Linear accelerating
The advantages of assembled scheme of device and fast-cycling synchrotron is the extraction energy that can greatly improve line, up to GeV amount
Grade.The disadvantage is that cause mean flow smaller by force using pulsed beams accelerated mode, and project scale is big, involve great expense, engineering difficulty
Greatly.Wherein mean flow is smaller by force limits further increasing for beam power.
Continuous beam acceleration mode has by force significant advantage for improving line mean flow than pulse accelerated mode.Convolution adds
Fast device utilizes isochronism acceleration principle, it is easy to be achieved that continuous beam acceleration, such as i.e. line in injection cyclotron master
After magnet, under magnetic field (isochronous magnetic field) effect for meeting certain field shape, radius is being done not under each energy of line
Same approximate circular motion, when the every circle of line passes through the accelerating gap of the same radio-frequency acceleration cavity body, corresponding high-frequency phase base
Originally it is consistent and (has small phase slip), and the time of the every circle movement of line is almost the same.Due to cyclotron edge
Circumferencial direction can place multiple radio-frequency acceleration cavity bodies, therefore can recycle high frequency acceleration voltage halved tie stream and be accelerated,
And then cyclotron can do very compact, low cost.
But when cyclotron beam acceleration energy requirement is higher, such as when beam acceleration energy reaches 2GeV or more
When, on the one hand, cyclotron main magnet need to provide line from low energy to high energy needed for large-scale isochronous magnetic field, i.e.,
Just line can be from relatively high energy injection, but due to needing beam acceleration to remote super existing cyclotron energy note
The high-energy for recording (existing highest energy bevatron: the 590MeV cyclotron of Switzerland PS I), so that relevant
Main magnet design, process and have a snack requirement multiplication, on the other hand, traditional cyclotron when beam energy increase to it is very high
When, focusing force can decline, this is because layout between traditional cyclotron magnet and cannot in the design of magnetism gap structure
Meet the needs of high focusing force, the above two o'clock reason, traditional cyclotron maximum beam is drawn energy and is restricted, highest
Draw energy 1GeV or less.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of a wide range of change track magnet components for realizing continuous beam acceleration
Structure, it is therefore intended that solve the problems, such as that traditional cyclotron beam energy improves and line is drawn energy and is restricted.
The present invention is to solve its technical problem to propose following technical scheme.
A kind of a wide range of change track magnet structure for realizing continuous beam acceleration, the magnet arrangement is for forming circular accelerator
The magnet assemblies for rocking track are periodically generated, which generates the magnet assemblies for rocking track along accelerator circumferencial direction
Interval is laid, and each magnet assemblies are by two positive deflection radial convergence magnets and a reverse deflection axial focusing group of magnets
At, for focusing force needed for providing accelerated current to high-energy, while isochronous magnetic field of the line from low energy to high energy is provided,
Charged particle beam can carry out continuous beam acceleration under the constraint of the magnet assemblies, and a wide range of change track magnet structure includes
Field structure, magnetism gap structure, magnet exciting coil;Its main feature is that: it is described it is a wide range of become track magnet structure magnetism gap structure into
Large radius range becomes air gap magnetism gap structure;
The field structure is the ungulate structure being open towards the accelerator center of circle and the laying of magnetic pole vertical direction, the style of the shoe knot
Structure is along the radial width that the width of accelerator radial direction is when beam acceleration energy reaches 2GeV or more.
The magnet edges of the field structure are helically linear, the spiral yarn shaped radial convergence for being used to assist positive deflection
The focusing of magnet and the axial focusing magnet of reverse deflection to line.
It is space length between upper and lower magnetic pole with accelerator magnetic that the large radius range, which becomes air gap magnetism gap structure,
The lengthening of polar radius and shorten, and closed between the space length h and magnetic pole radius r between upper and lower magnetic pole for high-order moment
System, i.e.,
Multinomial in the high-order moment relationship between space length h and magnetic pole radius r between the magnetic pole up and down
Number n > 2, high-energy here refer to Proton emission energy not less than 1GeV.
The magnet exciting coil is special-shaped large scale high-temperature superconductor magnet exciting coil, and the magnet exciting coil is respectively symmetrically wrapped in hoof
Around the respective sideline of upper and lower two opposite faces of type magnetic pole and excitation is carried out, thus in the And of Varying Depth magnetic changed with radius
Designed magnetic field is generated in gap structure.
It is described become track refers to the continuing to increase of energy with line, line is run orbit radius also constantly plus
Greatly, from low energy particle booster to before accelerating to high energy, final extraction accelerator, the variation of orbit radius is referred to as to become line
Track.
Advantages of the present invention effect
The present invention solves traditional cyclotron beam-out energy lower than 1GeV common problem.By using upper and lower magnetic
The large radius range that space length shortens with the lengthening of accelerator magnetic pole radius between pole becomes air gap magnetism gap structure, i.e., logical
It crosses and meets high order many-termed relation formula formula using between the space length h and magnetic pole radius r between upper and lower magnetic pole:
Magnet arrangement, and the magnet arrangement is formed into periodical Wiggler, introduces periodical high gradient, generates line and rock track
Magnet, using radial become gradient spiral shape magnetic pole, generate alternation focusing force, improve line axial strong with the focusing of radial direction
Spend, effectively prevent the line diverging radial and axial in accelerator, allow line it is stable accelerate to 1GeV or more, break through
The beam-out energy limitation of traditional cyclotron.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is cyclotron top view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a, which is that the present invention is a wide range of, becomes track field structure side view, including between upper and lower magnetic pole space length h with
High-order moment relationship between magnetic pole radius r;
Fig. 2 b, which is that the present invention is a wide range of, becomes track field structure test chart;
Fig. 3, which is that the present invention is a wide range of, becomes track field structure perspective view;
Fig. 4 is continuous beam acceleration and pulsed beams acceleration principle schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is helical angle edge focusing schematic illustration;
Fig. 6 is the relation schematic diagram of magnetic air gap and radius,
Fig. 7 is the relation schematic diagram of field curve and radius.
In figure, 1-1: positive deflection radial convergence magnet;1-1-1: field structure;1-1-2: magnet exciting coil;1-1-3: magnetic
Gap structure;1-1-4: special-shaped large scale high temperature superconductive wire ring framework;1-1-5: helium gas cooling pipe;1-1-6: shroud ring;1-1-7:
Special-shaped large scale high temperature superconductor coil support construction;1-1-8:300K exterior vacuum chamber;
1-2: reverse deflection axial focusing magnet;1-3-1,1-3-4: long drift section;1-3-2,1-3-3: short drift section;2:
Radio-frequency acceleration cavity;3: spiral shape magnetic pole;4: the beam trace under some energy;5: helical angle ξ;6: pole center line;In 7 magnetic poles
Beam trace normal direction at heart line.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with attached drawing:
Inventive principle
Technical solution of the present invention be related to periodically generating the magnet assemblies for rocking track, it is a wide range of become track magnet structure,
The concepts such as continuous beam acceleration, isochronous magnetic field, magnet spiral angular focusing, design scheme to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, by them
Design principle be explained as follows:
1, the present invention periodically generates the principle for rocking magnet assemblies realization highest extraction energy 2GeV of track or more.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention becomes track magnet (1-1,1-2) on a large scale periodically generates the group of magnets for rocking track for forming
Part.First, it includes 2 positive deflection magnet 1-1,2 positive deflection magnetic which, which generates and rock the magnet assemblies of track,
The two long drift section (2-1,2-4) of 1 reverse deflection magnet 1-2 and two positive deflection magnet two sides among iron divide
The 2 short drifts sections (2-2,2-3) not between forward direction, reverse deflection magnet, wherein 2 long drift section is in the periodicity
The field-free space for rocking the magnet assemblies two sides of track is generated, 2 short drift section rocks track in periodicity generation
Field-free space between the forward and reverse magnet of magnet assemblies;Second, when particle circumferentially passes through 2 positive 1 anti-magnet this 2 positive 1
Anti- magnetic field strength is average magnetic field, and average magnetic field is indicated with weighted average, due to introducing the negative sense magnetic of reversed magnet
, in the case where keeping average magnetic field certain, the magnetic field strength of 2 positive deflection magnetic poles when introducing reversed magnet is compared only
Average field strength when using 2 positive deflection magnet wants high (can design reversed magnet as needed), reversed due to introducing
Magnetic field strength when magnet wants high, and therefore, the rate of change of magnetic in accelerator unit radius is with regard to relatively large, it is demonstrated experimentally that magnetic field
The focusing force of the more high then line of change rate is stronger, since the magnet assemblies that periodically track is rocked in generation can guarantee to work as line
Still there is enough axial focusing forces and radial convergence power when accelerating to very high-energy, rock track so periodically generating
Magnet assemblies relieve the trouble and worry that traditional cyclotron is reduced when energy raising focusing force, therefore, are produced based on periodical
The cyclotron of the raw magnet assemblies for rocking track, which can be realized, draws energy for particle.
2, become track magnet structure auxiliary on a large scale and realize that highest draws the principle of energy 2GeV or more.Realize the particle beams
It flows highest and draws energy 2GeV or more, need two conditions, one is focusing force design, so that particle acceleration energy is up to very much
Particle will not scatter and disappear and keep focusing force when to 2GeV or more;Another condition be magnetism gap structure design, according to particle etc.
When property formulaIt is recognised that the mass particle m of molecule and the average magnetic field B of denominator must be same in order to keep isochronism
It is constant that increase or diminution are just able to maintain T time, and mass particle m is related to energy, when energy accelerates to 2GeV, mass particle
M is also increased with it, and m increases, and the energy of particle is related to radius where particle, and energy is bigger, and its place accelerator radius is bigger,
Therefore, when m increases, it is desirable that the average magnetic field B of radius where particle is also increased with it, also mean that average magnetic field B along
Direction that accelerator radius lengthens and enhance, this requires magnetism gap structure is a kind of change gap structure, the change gap structure
Exactly the distance between two magnetic poles shorten with the lengthening of accelerator radius, when the more close then magnetic of the distance between two magnetic poles
Field is stronger.Higher order polynomial magnetism gap structure of the invention is based on principles above and designs.
3, continuous beam acceleration principle is realized.As shown in figure 4, continuous beam beam time structure (has beam there is no duty ratio
Flow the time and do not have the ratio between beam time) the problem of, have by force than pulse accelerated mode for raising line mean flow significant excellent
Gesture, specific explanations are as follows: particle is accelerated to the corresponding frequency cavity in outer ring from the corresponding frequency cavity of inner ring and is accelerated, and the time is continuous
's.Cyclotron utilizes isochronism acceleration principle, it is easy to be achieved that continuous beam acceleration: i.e. line accelerates in injection convolution
After device main magnet, under magnetic field (isochronous magnetic field) effect for meeting certain field shape, half is being done under each energy of line
The different approximate circular motion of diameter, and when the accelerating gap of the same radio-frequency acceleration cavity body of the every circle process of line, corresponding height
Frequency phase is consistent substantially and (has small phase slip) namely the every circle of the particle arrival corresponding radio-frequency acceleration cavity time is basic
Unanimously, do not require higher frequency or (and) magnetic field changes over time, so that it may guarantee that particle is corresponding from Shang Yiquan to next circle
The phase that radio-frequency acceleration cavity accelerates is basicly stable, therefore particle can inject new particle to acceleration in any one high frequency period
In device, there is no wait the higher frequency that is suitable for injecting or (and) waiting time in magnetic field, referred to as continuous beam acceleration.
4, isochronous magnetic field principle is realized.Isochronism is one of the necessary factor that cyclotron reaches continuous beam acceleration,
The continuous beam is both that line is continuous when each circle is brought out.The precondition that line is continuously drawn is that proton beam exists
Whens the duration that outer ring and inner ring revolve one-turn is equal, if s not equal, when being brought out will because of there are when the time difference and
It will not continuously be drawn.The condition analysis of isochronism design is as follows: cyclotron frequency is f=qB/2 π m in cyclotron, with
The raising of charged particle energy, quality m also constantly increase, so the condition of isochronism design is that magnetic field B is needed with radius
Increase and enhance, just cyclotron frequency f can be made to remain unchanged.The present invention is using change gradient magnetic pole structure and high frequency acceleration system
Realize isochronous magnetic field: due to accelerator magnet structure along radius lengthen its magnetism gap structure height or upper and lower two magnetic
The Distance Shortened of pole, the more short then magnetic field of distance is stronger, and the speed of service of the more strong then proton beam in magnetic field is faster, is consequently formed along half
The direction that diameter lengthens, since the speed of service of proton beam is also getting faster, is formed from inner ring although orbit circumference is increasingly longer
Proton beam runing time to outer ring is isometric.
5, magnet helical angle focusing principle.As shown in figure 5, icon note 3 is spiral shape magnetic pole;Label 4 is under some energy
Beam trace;Label 5 is helical angle ξ;Label 6 is pole center line;Label 7 is the beam trace method at pole center line
To.In straight flange fan cyclotron, ion is in the axial stress equation total (i.e. perpendicular to the direction of ion Plane of rotation) are as follows:
(1) m is mass of ion, ω in formulacFor ion cyclotron frequency,For along azimuth average field strength, f is magnetic
Along azimuthal modulation degree,Due to ωz 2When > 0, (1) formula just has Oscillation Solution, otherwise solution hair
It dissipates, line can lose, therefore, it is necessary to haveAnd ωz 2Bigger, axial focusing force is bigger.It is axially free
Frequency of oscillation νz=ωz/ωc, it is similar, by ion in the radial available ν of stress equationr=ωr/ωc.If axial focusing
Power is too small, and line will be dissipated and be lost.Under the constraint of screw fan magnetic pole, line axial oscillation frequencyWherein ξ is helical angle.It can be seen that due to the effect of helical angle, line axial focusing
Power increases.
As shown in Figure 1, being based on principles above, the present invention devises a kind of a wide range of change track magnetic for realizing continuous beam acceleration
Iron construction.A kind of a wide range of change track magnet structure (1-1,1-2) for realizing continuous beam acceleration, the magnet arrangement is for forming circle
Shape accelerator periodically generates the magnet assemblies 1 for rocking track, which generates the magnet assemblies 1 for rocking track along acceleration
Device circumferencial direction interval is laid, and each magnet assemblies are by two positive deflection radial convergence magnet 1-1 and a reverse deflection axis
It is formed to focus magnet 1-2, for focusing force needed for providing accelerated current to high-energy, while it is supreme from low energy to provide line
The isochronous magnetic field of energy, charged particle beam can carry out continuous beam acceleration under the constraint of the magnet assemblies.
As shown in Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b, Fig. 3, a wide range of change track magnet structure includes field structure (1-1-1 or 1-
2-1), magnetism gap structure (1-1-3 or 1-2-3), magnet exciting coil (1-1-2 or 1-2-2);Its main feature is that: a wide range of change rail
The magnetism gap structure of road magnet arrangement is that large radius range becomes air gap magnetism gap structure;
The field structure is the ungulate structure being open towards the accelerator center of circle and the laying of magnetic pole vertical direction, the style of the shoe knot
Structure is along the radial width that the width of accelerator radial direction is when beam acceleration energy reaches 2GeV or more;The width of the magnet
Degree includes 1 meter and 1 meter or more.
The magnet edges of the field structure are helically linear, the spiral yarn shaped radial convergence for being used to assist positive deflection
The focusing of magnet and the axial focusing magnet of reverse deflection to line.
It is space length between upper and lower magnetic pole with accelerator magnetic that the large radius range, which becomes air gap magnetism gap structure,
The lengthening of polar radius and shorten, and closed between the space length h and magnetic pole radius r between upper and lower magnetic pole for high-order moment
System, i.e.,
Such as Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b, shown, the high order between space length h and magnetic pole radius r between the magnetic pole up and down is multinomial
Degree of polynomial n > 2 in formula relationship, high-energy here refer to Proton emission energy not less than 1GeV.
The magnet exciting coil (1-1-2 or 1-2-2) is special-shaped large scale high-temperature superconductor magnet exciting coil, the magnet exciting coil point
Be not wrapped in style of the shoe magnetic pole symmetrically and around the respective sideline of two opposite faces and carry out excitation up and down, thus it is described with radius and
Designed magnetic field is generated in the And of Varying Depth magnetism gap structure of variation.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, the relationship of magnetic air gap and radius is as shown in Fig. 6, the relationship of field curve and radius such as Fig. 7 institute
Show.
The present embodiment may be implemented constraint proton beam and inject from 800MeV, and accelerate to 2GeV in a manner of continuous beam acceleration
Magnet assemblies structure.Wherein the beam path mean radius of 800MeV and 2GeV is respectively 16.28 meters and 18.33 meters.It defocuses
The minimum field strength of magnet is 0.59 tesla, and highest field strength is 2.48 teslas, and magnet width is 1.82 meters, radial the widest part magnetic
25 millimeters of air gap half height, 188.62 millimeters of center magnetic air gap half height.
It is described become track refers to the continuing to increase of energy with line, line is run orbit radius also constantly plus
Greatly, from low energy particle booster to before accelerating to high energy, final extraction accelerator, the variation of orbit radius is referred to as to become line
Track.
It is emphasized that embodiment of the present invention be it is illustrative, without being restrictive, therefore packet of the present invention
It includes and is not limited to embodiment described in specific embodiment.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of a wide range of change track magnet structure for realizing continuous beam acceleration, the magnet arrangement is for forming circular accelerator week
Phase property generates the magnet assemblies for rocking track, which generates the magnet assemblies for rocking track along between accelerator circumferencial direction
Every laying, each magnet assemblies are made of two positive deflection radial convergence magnets and a reverse deflection axial focusing magnet,
For focusing force needed for providing accelerated current to high-energy, while providing isochronous magnetic field of the line from low energy to high energy, band
Electrochondria beamlet is able to carry out continuous beam acceleration under the constraint of the magnet assemblies, and a wide range of change track magnet structure includes
Field structure, magnetism gap structure, magnet exciting coil;It is characterized by: a wide range of magnetism gap structure for becoming track magnet structure
Become air gap magnetism gap structure for large radius range;
The field structure is the ungulate structure being open towards the accelerator center of circle and the laying of magnetic pole vertical direction, the ungulate structure edge
The width of accelerator radial direction is radial width when beam acceleration energy reaches 2GeV or more;The width packet of the magnet
Include 1 meter and 1 meter or more;
The magnet edges of the field structure are helically linear, the spiral yarn shaped radial convergence magnet for being used to assist positive deflection
Focusing with the axial focusing magnet of reverse deflection to line;
It is space length between upper and lower magnetic pole with accelerator magnetic pole half that the large radius range, which becomes air gap magnetism gap structure,
The lengthening of diameter and shorten, and in being high-order moment relationship between the space length h and magnetic pole radius r between upper and lower magnetic pole, i.e.,
Degree of polynomial n in high-order moment relationship between the space length h and magnetic pole radius r between magnetic pole up and down >
2, high-energy here refers to Proton emission energy not less than 1GeV;
The magnet exciting coil is special-shaped large scale high-temperature superconductor magnet exciting coil, and the magnet exciting coil is respectively symmetrically wrapped in style of the shoe magnetic
Extremely around the respective sideline of two opposite faces and carry out excitation up and down, thus the space length between the magnetic pole up and down with
The lengthening of accelerator magnetic pole radius and designed magnetic field is generated in the And of Varying Depth magnetism gap structure that shortens;
The track that becomes refers to that the continuing to increase of energy with line, the orbit radius that line is run also continues to increase, beam
From low energy particle booster to before accelerating to high energy, final extraction accelerator, the variation of orbit radius is referred to as to become track stream.
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