CN109361443B - Adaptive digital beam former and forming method - Google Patents
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive digital beam former and a forming method, wherein a receiving parameter module is used for receiving working mode parameters and caching snapshot data, and an echo receiving module is used for receiving and caching echo data. And then, sending the working mode parameters and the snapshot data into a coefficient mapping module, and mapping according to the antenna array distribution to obtain the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel. And sending the mapped snapshot data to a covariance matrix calculation module to obtain a covariance matrix. And sending the covariance matrix into a matrix inversion module to obtain an inverse matrix. And sending the inverse matrix result to a weight calculation module to obtain an adaptive weight. And sending the weight value to a normalization module for normalization processing. And finally, sending the normalized weight and the cached echo data to a beam forming module to form a digital beam. The method has the advantages of flexible parameter configuration, strong real-time performance and the like, and has higher application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-adaptive digital beam former and a forming method.
Background
The traditional digital beam former utilizes direct coherent superposition of data of antenna array elements, the weight coefficient of the traditional digital beam former is a fixed value, the angular resolution is low, the anti-jamming capability is poor, and the traditional digital beam former is usually realized by software and has the problems of low calculation efficiency and poor real-time performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-adaptive digital beam former which solves the problems of poor anti-interference capability and poor real-time performance.
In view of this, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: an adaptive digital beamformer, comprising:
the parameter receiving module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and caching snapshot data;
the echo receiving module is used for receiving and caching echo data and then outputting working mode parameters and snapshot data;
the coefficient mapping module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and the snapshot data and obtaining the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel according to the antenna array distribution mapping;
the covariance matrix module is used for receiving the mapped snapshot data and calculating to obtain a covariance matrix;
the matrix inversion module is used for receiving the covariance matrix and calculating to obtain an inverse matrix;
the weight calculation module is used for calculating according to the inverse matrix result to obtain a self-adaptive weight;
the normalization module is used for receiving the self-adaptive weight and carrying out normalization processing;
and the beam forming module is used for carrying out digital beam forming according to the weight after the normalization processing and the cached echo data.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive digital beamforming method, comprising:
the parameter receiving module receives the working mode parameters and caches snapshot data;
the echo receiving module receives and caches echo data, and then outputs working mode parameters and snapshot data;
the coefficient mapping module receives the working mode parameters and the snapshot data, and obtains the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel according to the antenna array distribution mapping;
the covariance matrix module receives the mapped snapshot data and calculates to obtain a covariance matrix;
the matrix inversion module receives the covariance matrix and calculates to obtain an inverse matrix;
the weight calculation module calculates according to the inverse matrix result to obtain a self-adaptive weight;
the normalization module receives the self-adaptive weight and performs normalization processing;
and the beam forming module performs digital beam forming according to the weight after the normalization processing and the cached echo data.
The invention achieves the following significant beneficial effects:
the realization is simple, the receiving parameter module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and caching the snapshot data, and the echo receiving module receives and caches the echo data. And then, sending the working mode parameters and the snapshot data into a coefficient mapping module, and mapping according to the antenna array distribution to obtain the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel. And sending the mapped snapshot data to a covariance matrix calculation module to obtain a covariance matrix. And sending the covariance matrix into a matrix inversion module to obtain an inverse matrix. And sending the inverse matrix result to a weight calculation module to obtain an adaptive weight. And sending the weight value to a normalization module for normalization processing. And finally, sending the normalized weight and the cached echo data to a beam forming module to form a digital beam. The invention can adaptively inhibit interference according to the incident angle of the signal, is flexible and convenient to use, can be realized on an FPGA chip, and has strong real-time performance and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive digital beamformer of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an adaptive digital beamforming method according to the present invention.
Schematic of the reference numerals
1. Parameter receiving module 2, echo receiving module 3, coefficient mapping module 4, covariance matrix calculation module 5, matrix inversion module 6, weight calculation module 7, normalization module 8 and beam forming module
Detailed Description
The advantages and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to scale, which is intended merely for convenience and clarity in describing embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that, for clarity of description of the present invention, various embodiments are specifically described to further illustrate different implementations of the present invention, wherein the embodiments are illustrative and not exhaustive. In addition, for simplicity of description, the contents mentioned in the previous embodiments are often omitted in the following embodiments, and therefore, the contents not mentioned in the following embodiments may be referred to the previous embodiments accordingly.
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood that the inventors do not intend to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described, but intend to protect all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. The same component numbers may be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
Referring to fig. 1, an adaptive digital beam former according to the present invention includes: the parameter receiving module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and caching snapshot data; the echo receiving module is used for receiving and caching echo data and then outputting working mode parameters and snapshot data; the coefficient mapping module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and the snapshot data and obtaining the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel according to the antenna array distribution mapping; the covariance matrix module is used for receiving the mapped snapshot data and calculating to obtain a covariance matrix; the matrix inversion module is used for receiving the covariance matrix and calculating to obtain an inverse matrix; the weight calculation module is used for calculating according to the inverse matrix result to obtain a self-adaptive weight; the normalization module is used for receiving the self-adaptive weight and carrying out normalization processing; and the beam forming module is used for carrying out digital beam forming according to the weight after the normalization processing and the cached echo data.
In one embodiment, the output end of the parameter receiving module is connected with the input end of the coefficient mapping module, the output end of the coefficient mapping module is connected with the input end of the covariance matrix calculating module, the output end of the covariance matrix calculating module is connected with the input end of the matrix inversion module, the output end of the matrix inversion module is connected with the input end of the weight value calculating module, the output end of the weight value calculating module is connected with the input end of the normalization module, the output end of the normalization module is connected with the input end of the beam forming module, and the output end of the echo receiving module is connected with the input end of the beam forming module.
In one embodiment, the parameter receiving module, the echo receiving module, the coefficient mapping module, the covariance matrix calculating module, the matrix inverting module, the weight calculating module, the normalizing module and the beam forming module are all implemented on an FPGA chip.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention further provides a method for adaptive digital beam forming, including: 101, a parameter receiving module receives working mode parameters and caches snapshot data; 102, receiving and caching echo data by an echo receiving module, and then outputting working mode parameters and snapshot data; 103, receiving the working mode parameters and snapshot data by a coefficient mapping module, and mapping according to the antenna array distribution to obtain snapshot data of a sum-difference channel; 104, receiving the mapped snapshot data by a covariance matrix module and calculating to obtain a covariance matrix; 105, receiving the covariance matrix by a matrix inversion module and calculating to obtain an inverse matrix; 106, calculating by a weight calculation module according to the inverse matrix result to obtain a self-adaptive weight; step 107, a normalization module receives the self-adaptive weight and performs normalization processing; and 108, the beam forming module performs digital beam forming according to the weight after the normalization processing and the cached echo data.
In one embodiment, the receiving the working mode parameter and the caching the snapshot data by the parameter receiving module includes: and the parameter receiving module receives the working mode and the incident angle system parameters, obtains information such as waveforms, states and the like according to the working mode, and calculates and obtains a guide vector e according to the incident off-axis angle and the incident rotation angle and the coordinates of the N sub-arrays of the antenna.
In one embodiment, the coefficient mapping module receives the working mode parameters and snapshot data, and obtaining the snapshot data of the sum and difference channel according to the antenna array distribution mapping includes: the coefficient mapping module has the mapping coefficients of 1 for all the antenna subarrays of the sum channel, 1 for N/2 mapping coefficients on the left side of the azimuth difference channel antenna, and-1 for N/2 mapping coefficients on the right side. For the elevation difference channel antenna, the upper N/2 mapping coefficients are 1, and the lower N/2 mapping coefficients are-1. And mapping the snapshot data according to the corresponding coefficients to obtain the snapshot results of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the pitch difference channel.
In one embodiment, the receiving the mapped snapshot data and calculating the covariance matrix by the covariance matrix module includes: and the covariance matrix calculation module is used for respectively obtaining covariance matrix information of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the elevation difference channel according to the mapped snapshot data.
In one embodiment, the receiving the covariance matrix and calculating the inverse matrix by the matrix inversion module includes: and the matrix inversion module inverts the covariance matrix information to respectively obtain inverse matrix information of the covariance matrix of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the pitch difference channel.
In one embodiment, the receiving and normalizing the adaptive weight by the normalization module includes: and the normalization module calculates the maximum value of the N self-adaptive weight values, and then performs normalization processing on all the weight values according to the maximum value to obtain the normalized weight values.
In one embodiment, the performing, by the beamforming module, digital beamforming according to the normalized weights and the buffered echo data includes: and the beam forming module multiplies the self-adaptive weight information by the cached echo data of the subarrays, and then accumulates to obtain a beam forming result.
As a specific example, an implementation manner of an adaptive digital beamformer of the present invention is:
first step build adaptive digital beam former
The adaptive digital beamformer includes: the device comprises a parameter receiving module 1, an echo receiving module 2, a coefficient mapping module 3, a covariance matrix calculating module 4, a matrix inverting module 5, a weight calculating module 6, a normalizing module 7 and a beam forming module 8, wherein all the modules are realized on an FPGA chip.
The output end of the parameter receiving module 1 is connected with the input end of the coefficient mapping module 3, the output end of the coefficient mapping module 3 is connected with the input end of the covariance matrix calculating module 4, the output end of the covariance matrix calculating module 4 is connected with the input end of the matrix inversion module 5, the output end of the matrix inversion module 5 is connected with the input end of the weight calculating module 6, the output end of the weight calculating module 6 is connected with the input end of the normalization module 7, the output end of the normalization module 7 is connected with the input end of the beam forming module 8, and the output end of the echo receiving module 2 is connected with the input end of the beam forming module 8.
The second step parameter receiving module 1 receives and caches the working mode parameter and snapshot data
The parameter receiving module 1 receives system parameters such as a working mode, an incident angle and the like, obtains information such as a waveform and a state according to the working mode, and then obtains information such as an off-axis angle and a rotation angle according to the incident
And coordinates (Y) of N sub-arrays of antennasi,Zi) And calculating to obtain a guide vector e. Meanwhile, the parameter receiving module 1 also receives and caches snapshot data.
ei＝[exp(j(2π/λ)(u0|Zi-Z0|+v0|Yi-Y0|))]
(3)
e＝[e1,e2,…,eN]
(4)
The third step is that the echo receiving module 2 receives and buffers the echo data
The echo receiving module 2 receives and caches echo data corresponding to the N sub-arrays of the antenna, that is, echo data in the wave gate.
The fourth step coefficient mapping module 3 maps the snapshot data and obtains sum and difference beam information
The coefficient mapping module 3 has mapping coefficients of 1 for all antenna subarrays of the sum channel, 1 for N/2 mapping coefficients on the left side of the azimuth difference channel antenna, and-1 for N/2 mapping coefficients on the right side. For the elevation difference channel antenna, the upper N/2 mapping coefficients are 1, and the lower N/2 mapping coefficients are-1. And mapping the snapshot data according to the corresponding coefficients to obtain the snapshot results of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the pitch difference channel.
The fifth step is that the covariance matrix calculation module 4 obtains covariance matrix information according to the mapped snapshot data
The covariance matrix calculation module 4 obtains covariance matrix information of a sum channel, an azimuth difference channel and a pitch difference channel according to the mapped snapshot data
R＝E[X(t)XH(t)] (5)
The sixth step matrix inversion module 5 inverts the covariance matrix information to obtain an inverse matrix
The matrix inversion module 5 inverts the covariance matrix information to obtain inverse matrix information R of the covariance matrix of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the pitch difference channel respectively-1。
The seventh step weight calculation module 6 uses the inverse matrix information and the guide vector information to obtain the self-adaptive weight
And the weight calculation module 6 utilizes the inverse matrix information and the guide vector information to obtain the self-adaptive weight.
The eighth step, normalization module 7 processes the adaptive weight to obtain the normalized weight
The normalization module 7 finds the maximum value of the N adaptive weights, and then normalizes all weights according to the maximum value to obtain normalized weights.
The ninth step beam forming module 8 obtains the beam forming result according to the adaptive weight information and the cached echo data
And the beam forming module 8 multiplies the echo data of the subarray cached by the echo receiving module 2 by the self-adaptive weight information of the normalization module 7, and then accumulates to obtain a beam forming result d.
The invention achieves the following significant beneficial effects:
the realization is simple, the receiving parameter module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and caching the snapshot data, and the echo receiving module receives and caches the echo data. And then, sending the working mode parameters and the snapshot data into a coefficient mapping module, and mapping according to the antenna array distribution to obtain the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel. And sending the mapped snapshot data to a covariance matrix calculation module to obtain a covariance matrix. And sending the covariance matrix into a matrix inversion module to obtain an inverse matrix. And sending the inverse matrix result to a weight calculation module to obtain an adaptive weight. And sending the weight value to a normalization module for normalization processing. And finally, sending the normalized weight and the cached echo data to a beam forming module to form a digital beam. The invention can adaptively inhibit interference according to the incident angle of the signal, is flexible and convenient to use, can be realized on an FPGA chip, and has strong real-time performance and wide application range.
It is to be understood that the above examples are illustrative only for the purpose of clarity of description and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An adaptive digital beamformer, comprising:
the parameter receiving module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and caching snapshot data;
the echo receiving module is used for receiving and caching echo data and then outputting working mode parameters and snapshot data;
the coefficient mapping module is used for receiving the working mode parameters and the snapshot data and obtaining the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel according to the antenna array distribution mapping;
the covariance matrix module is used for receiving the mapped snapshot data and calculating to obtain a covariance matrix;
the matrix inversion module is used for receiving the covariance matrix and calculating to obtain an inverse matrix;
the weight calculation module is used for calculating according to the inverse matrix result to obtain a self-adaptive weight;
the normalization module is used for receiving the self-adaptive weight and carrying out normalization processing;
the beam forming module is used for carrying out digital beam forming according to the weight after the normalization processing and the cached echo data;
the output end of the parameter receiving module is connected with the input end of the coefficient mapping module, the output end of the coefficient mapping module is connected with the input end of the covariance matrix calculation module, the output end of the covariance matrix calculation module is connected with the input end of the matrix inversion module, the output end of the matrix inversion module is connected with the input end of the weight calculation module, the output end of the weight calculation module is connected with the input end of the normalization module, the output end of the normalization module is connected with the input end of the beam forming module, and the output end of the echo receiving module is connected with the input end of the beam forming module;
the parameter receiving module receives the working mode parameters, and the caching snapshot data comprises the following steps: the parameter receiving module receives the working mode and the incident angle system parameters, obtains waveform and state information according to the working mode, and calculates according to the incident off-axis angle and the incident rotation angle and the coordinates of the N sub-arrays of the antenna to obtain a guide vector e;
the coefficient mapping module receives the working mode parameters and the snapshot data, and the snapshot data of the sum and difference channel obtained according to the antenna array distribution mapping comprises the following steps: the coefficient mapping module is used for mapping the snapshot data according to the corresponding coefficients and obtaining snapshot results of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the elevation difference channel, wherein the mapping coefficients of the coefficient mapping module for all antenna subarrays of the sum channel are 1, the mapping coefficients of the left N/2 of the azimuth difference channel antenna are 1, the mapping coefficients of the right N/2 of the azimuth difference channel antenna are-1, the mapping coefficients of the upper N/2 of the elevation difference channel antenna are 1, and the mapping coefficients of the lower N/2 of the elevation difference channel antenna are-1.
2. The adaptive digital beamformer of claim 1, wherein the parameter receiving module, the echo receiving module, the coefficient mapping module, the covariance matrix calculation module, the matrix inversion module, the weight calculation module, the normalization module, and the beamforming module are implemented on an FPGA chip.
3. An adaptive digital beamforming method, comprising:
the parameter receiving module receives the working mode parameters and caches snapshot data;
the echo receiving module receives and caches echo data, and then outputs working mode parameters and snapshot data;
the coefficient mapping module receives the working mode parameters and the snapshot data, and obtains the snapshot data of the sum-difference channel according to the antenna array distribution mapping;
the covariance matrix module receives the mapped snapshot data and calculates to obtain a covariance matrix;
the matrix inversion module receives the covariance matrix and calculates to obtain an inverse matrix;
the weight calculation module calculates according to the inverse matrix result to obtain a self-adaptive weight;
the normalization module receives the self-adaptive weight and performs normalization processing;
the beam forming module carries out digital beam forming according to the weight after the normalization processing and the cached echo data;
the parameter receiving module receives the working mode parameters, and the caching snapshot data comprises the following steps: the parameter receiving module receives the working mode and the incident angle system parameters, obtains waveform and state information according to the working mode, and calculates according to the incident off-axis angle and the incident rotation angle and the coordinates of the N sub-arrays of the antenna to obtain a guide vector e;
the coefficient mapping module receives the working mode parameters and the snapshot data, and the snapshot data of the sum and difference channel obtained according to the antenna array distribution mapping comprises the following steps: the coefficient mapping module is used for mapping the snapshot data according to the corresponding coefficients and obtaining snapshot results of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the elevation difference channel, wherein the mapping coefficients of the coefficient mapping module for all antenna subarrays of the sum channel are 1, the mapping coefficients of the left N/2 of the azimuth difference channel antenna are 1, the mapping coefficients of the right N/2 of the azimuth difference channel antenna are-1, the mapping coefficients of the upper N/2 of the elevation difference channel antenna are 1, and the mapping coefficients of the lower N/2 of the elevation difference channel antenna are-1.
4. The adaptive digital beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the receiving the mapped snapshot data and calculating the covariance matrix by the covariance matrix module comprises: and the covariance matrix calculation module is used for respectively obtaining covariance matrix information of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the elevation difference channel according to the mapped snapshot data.
5. The adaptive digital beamforming method according to claim 4, wherein the matrix inversion module receives the covariance matrix and calculates the inverse matrix to include: and the matrix inversion module inverts the covariance matrix information to respectively obtain inverse matrix information of the covariance matrix of the sum channel, the azimuth difference channel and the pitch difference channel.
6. The adaptive digital beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the receiving and normalizing the adaptive weights by the normalization module comprises: and the normalization module calculates the maximum value of the N self-adaptive weight values, and then performs normalization processing on all the weight values according to the maximum value to obtain the normalized weight values.
7. The adaptive digital beamforming method according to claim 6, wherein the digital beamforming by the beamforming module according to the normalized weights and the buffered echo data comprises: and the beam forming module multiplies the self-adaptive weight information by the cached echo data of the subarrays, and then accumulates to obtain a beam forming result.
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