CN109360982A - A kind of preparation method of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811 - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109360982A CN109360982A CN201811112306.0A CN201811112306A CN109360982A CN 109360982 A CN109360982 A CN 109360982A CN 201811112306 A CN201811112306 A CN 201811112306A CN 109360982 A CN109360982 A CN 109360982A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation method of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811 a kind of, which forms gel under hydrothermal reaction condition using resorcinol, formaldehyde and metal acetate；Then, it is freeze-dried.Realize that metal ion uniformly mixes, so that synthetic crystallization degree height, I (003)/I (104) ratio are between 1.55-1.76, granule size is evenly distributed on the anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiNi between 500-900 nm0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2.Preparation method includes the following steps: 1) preparation of presoma；2) positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Preparation.Advantages of the present invention are as follows: using the two-step method of gelation and calcining, the cationic mixing degree of the positive electrode of acquisition is low；Compared with high temperature solid-state method and coprecipitation, reduce calcination condition, reduce miscellaneous phase generation, it reduces to harsh conditions and steps such as synthesis atmosphere, effectively reduce energy consumption and cost, simple process and low cost, and chemical property, cyclical stability, specific capacity are had excellent performance, and have prospects for commercial application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery technology fields, are the preparation side of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811 a kind of
Method.
Background technique
With the worsening shortages of global energy and resource, the material that taps a new source of energy becomes a big hot spot of the world today, lithium
Ion battery has many advantages, such as that specific capacity is high, has extended cycle life, the blueness small in size and low in the pollution of the environment by new energy field
It looks at.In lithium ion battery, positive electrode is a key factor for influencing battery Cost And Performance, for this purpose, research is novel
Positive electrode becomes current research hotspot.
The anode material for lithium-ion batteries of current most widely used model mainly includes LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4
Deng.LiCoO2Have many advantages, such as that high operating voltage, good cycle performance, excellent invertibity, preparation process are simple, becomes
Commodity anode material of lithium battery applies most materials；But environmental pollution is big, anti-over-charging ability is weak, thermal stability is poor, system
It is standby at high cost.LiNiO2Theoretical capacity can achieve 276 mAh g-1, it is much higher than LiCoO2；But the technique item of its preparation
Part is more complicated and thermal stability is poor.LiMnO2Theoretical capacity can achieve 285 mAh g-1, have good security performance,
The advantages that price is cheap；But its poor circulation.LiMn2O4Though preparation process is simple, cost is relatively low；But capacity is small, at high temperature
Capacity attenuation than more serious.Novel lamellar LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2Material, especially LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2With capacity
High, the advantages that cycle performance is excellent and cheap.
Due to positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Cationic mixing degree it is higher, so as to cause under cycle performance
Drop.And the size of cationic mixing degree shows as the ratio of I (003) and I (104), i.e. I (003)/I in XRD spectrum
(104).I (003)/I (104) ratio is bigger, shows positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Mixing degree it is lower, electrochemistry
Performance is better；I (003)/I (104) ratio is smaller, shows positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Mixing degree it is higher, electricity
Chemical property is poorer.It has been generally acknowledged that when I (003)/I (104) > 1.2, positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2With lower
Mixing degree, i.e., it is with preferable chemical property.In addition, material particle size size distribution is unevenly also easy to cause electrochemistry
Performance decline.Therefore, exploitation crystallinity is high, cation mixing degree is lower, the uniform positive electrode of material particle size size distribution
Preparation method it is particularly important.
In the prior art, high temperature solid-state method is commonly used and coprecipitation prepares positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2
[power technology, 2016,40 (12): 2469-2471].
Although high temperature solid-state method process is simple, energy consumption is high, raw material mixing is uneven；Therefore the material particle size synthesized
Uneven, the cationic mixing degree of size distribution is higher, easily forms miscellaneous phase and chemical property is unstable.Et al. use high temperature
The positive electrode LiNi of Solid phase synthesis0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, XRD spectrum show I (003)/I (104) be 1.30, the grain of material
Size is spent between 2-10um, and granule size is unevenly distributed, and first discharge specific capacity is 197.4mAh g-1, 30 circle of circulation
Afterwards, capacity retention ratio be 92.9% [New Chemical Materials, 2017, (12): 126-129].
Although the material particle size size distribution of coprecipitation synthesis is uniform, this method and step is cumbersome, complex process,
The synthesis atmosphere in strict control coprecipitation process is wanted, suitable coprecipitator is selected and adjusts suitable pH value；Simultaneously also
Need to be filtered for multiple times and consider digestion time etc..The positive electrode that clock et al. is prepared by coprecipitation
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, XRD spectrum show I (003)/I (104) be 1.22, cationic mixing degree is lower, discharges for the first time
Specific capacity is 197.4mAh g-1, after circulation 50 is enclosed, capacity retention ratio 81.6%；But this method synthesis step is cumbersome, work
Skill is complicated, synthesis condition is harsh [functional material, 2012,43 (11): 1425-1430].
Therefore, it is easy to develop a kind of synthesis technology, crystallinity height, cationic mixing degree is low, material particle size size distribution
Uniformly, the anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiNi of electrochemical performance0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Method become current research heat
Point.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the preparation methods of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811 a kind of.
For existing positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Complex synthetic route, synthesis condition is harsh, synthesis just
Pole material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2The disadvantages of granule size is unevenly distributed, cationic mixing degree is higher, using gelation
With the two-step method of calcining, gel is formed under hydrothermal reaction condition using resorcinol, formaldehyde and metal acetate, is freeze-dried
It protects the microstructure of gel not to be destroyed, realizes that metal ion uniformly mixes；Purpose is to make the material particle size size point of synthesis
Cloth is uniform, crystallinity is high, cationic mixing degree reduce, optimum synthesis route and reduce production cost.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of preparation method of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811, utilizes resorcinol, formaldehyde and metal acetic acid
Salt forms gel under hydrothermal reaction condition, by gained gel using being freeze-dried, to protect the microstructure of gel not broken
It is bad, realize that metal ion uniformly mixes；To synthetic crystallization degree is high, I (003)/I (104) ratio between 1.55-1.76,
Granule size is evenly distributed the anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiNi between 500-900 nm0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2；The gold
Category acetate is lithium acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate.
Preparation method includes the following steps:
The preparation of step 1) presoma, prepare the lithium acetate of a certain concentration ratio, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, resorcinol,
The mixed solution of formaldehyde, concentration ratio are (1.03-1.08): 0.8:0.1:0.1:(1-2): (1.5-3)；Solvent for use is
The mixed liquor of ethyl alcohol and water, volume ratio 1:(0.5-2)；Its mixing speed is controlled in 600-1200 rpm, mixing time control
System is in 1-3 h.Then above-mentioned mixed liquor is transferred in ptfe autoclave, it is cooling in 85 DEG C of 24-72 h of reaction
To gel formed at room temperature；Then, which is freeze-dried 12 h at subzero 40-60 DEG C, obtains solid precursor.
Step 2 positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Preparation, by presoma solid abrasive obtained by step 1) at powder
Afterwards, in the case where oxygen content is the atmosphere of 21%-100%, 1-10 DEG C of heating rate/min is controlled, first at 400-500 DEG C, pre-burning 4-
6 h；Then at 750-850 DEG C, 9-18 h are calcined；Positive electrode LiNi is made after natural cooling0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O。
The advantageous effects that the present invention has are confirmed by following experiment.
Electrochemical property test: to positive electrode LiNi obtained0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Electrochemistry can be carried out test, tool
Body process is as follows: the test of chemical property uses CR2025 battery, using N-Methyl pyrrolidone as solvent, by example system
The positive electrode LiNi obtained0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2With acetylene black and Kynoar with mass ratio 8:1:1 ground and mixed；Later,
Uniform sizing material is applied on aluminium foil, and places it at 120 DEG C and is dried in vacuo 12 hours.The load capacity of electrode slice is controlled 3
- 8 mg cm-2；Electrolyte is by a certain amount of l mol/L LiPF6It is dissolved in the ethylene carbonate and carbonic acid that volume ratio is 1:1
In the mixed solution of diethylester；Use 2400 type polypropylene screen of Celgard for the diaphragm of battery, pure lithium is used as to electrode.It is related
Glove box (the H of battery being assembled in full of argon atmosphere2O, O2: < 1 ppm) in carry out；The constant current charge-discharge test of battery exists
It is carried out on Neware BTS3000 battery test system, test environment maintains 25 DEG C of constant temperature, and the voltage range of test is 2.8-
4.3 V。
Positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2XRD test result show that XRD diffraction maximum is all very sharp, illustrate material
The crystallinity of material is fine.All diffraction maximums and stratiform α-NaFeO2The diffraction maximum of structure (R-3m space group) is consistent, illustrates institute
Material obtained has stratiform α-NaFeO2Structure, and exist without apparent impurity phase.Wherein have and obviously to divide
(006)/(102) and (108)/(110) diffraction maximum illustrate that this material has good layer structure.I (003)/I (104) ratio
Value is greater than 1.5, illustrates its Ni2+And Li+Ion mixing degree is lower.
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2The SEM test result of material shows LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Material granule size distribution
Uniformly, particle diameter distribution is between 500-900 nanometers.
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Material under 0.1 C current density loop test the result shows that, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2
180-206 mAh g of material first discharge specific capacity-1, capacity remains at 167-195 mAh g after 20 circles recycle-1。
A kind of above-mentioned anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Preparation method, compared to existing synthesis
Technology, the obvious advantage that technical solution of the present invention has are as follows:
1, using the two-step method of gelation and calcining, using resorcinol, formaldehyde and metal acetate under hydrothermal reaction condition
Gel is formed, freeze-drying protects the microstructure of gel not to be destroyed, and realizes that metal ion uniformly mixes, then calcine synthesis just
Pole material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, therefore synthesized material crystalline degree is high, granule size is evenly distributed, and granule size exists
Between 500-900 nanometers, XRD spectrum shows that I (003)/I (104) ratio between 1.55-1.76, is far longer than 1.2,
Therefore cationic mixing degree is low, electrochemical performance；
2, technical solution of the present invention is compared with traditional high temperature solid-state method, avoid high temperature solid-state method calcination time is long, energy consumption is high,
The non-uniform problem of Material synthesis, greatly reduces the generation of miscellaneous phase, significantly improves chemical property；
3, technical solution of the present invention avoids compared with traditional coprecipitation and needs strict control synthesis gas in coprecipitation
The harsh conditions such as atmosphere, precipitating reagent and pH value, while also eliminating and being filtered for multiple times and be aged, greatly reduce synthesis
Cost optimizes synthesis technology.
The LiNi of this method preparation0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2It is high in the presence of the device is complicated to avoid conventional synthesis means for positive electrode
Expensive, synthesis step it is multistage it is cumbersome, synthesis condition is harsh, the LiNi of synthesis0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Material particle size size distribution is uneven
The disadvantages of.The synthesizing mean forms gel using resorcinol, formaldehyde and metal acetate under hydrothermal reaction condition, realizes gold
Belong to uniform ion mixing, to synthesize the anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiNi that granule size is evenly distributed0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2,
Preparation process is simple, saves preparation cost, and chemical property is obviously improved, and in cyclical stability, specific capacity etc. is equal
It is obviously improved, this method has a wide range of applications, and is expected into popularization and use.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2The XRD diagram of material；
Fig. 2 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Charge-discharge property of the material under 0.1 C current density
Scheme (the mA of 1 C=200 g-1)；
Fig. 3 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Cycle performance figure (1 C of the material under 0.1 C current density
= 200 mA g-1)；
Fig. 4 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2The SEM of material schemes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail the content of present invention in conjunction with Figure of description, but be not pair by embodiment
Restriction of the invention.
Embodiment
A kind of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811's the preparation method is as follows:
The preparation of step 1) presoma accurately weighs the lithium acetate of 1.3865 g, the nickel acetate tetrahydrate of 4.0220 g, 0.5083
The four acetate hydrate cobalts of g, the four acetate hydrate manganese of 0.4951 g, 2.2022 g resorcinols, 8.9 mL formalins dissolve in 40
ML deionized water and the formation of 20 mL ethyl alcohol are mixed into solution, are stirred with the mixing speed of 1000 rpm, mixing time 2
H is then transferred in ptfe autoclave, and 72 h are reacted at 85 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature to form gel, and subzero 40-60
It is freeze-dried 12 h at DEG C, obtains presoma solid；
Step 2 positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Preparation, after presoma solid abrasive described in step 1), before obtaining
Body solid powder, in the case where oxygen content is 100% atmosphere, heating rate is that 5 DEG C/min is warming up to 450 DEG C of calcinings, keeps 5
After h, then 800 DEG C of 12 h of holding are warming up to, LiNi is made after natural cooling0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Positive electrode.
Electrochemical property test: to positive electrode LiNi made from example0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Electrochemistry can be carried out survey
Examination, detailed process is as follows: the test of chemical property uses CR2025 battery, will using N-Methyl pyrrolidone as solvent
Positive electrode LiNi made from example0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2With acetylene black and Kynoar with mass ratio 8:1:1 ground and mixed,
Uniform sizing material is applied on aluminium foil later, and places it at 120 DEG C and is dried in vacuum overnight, the load capacity control of electrode slice exists
3 - 8 mg cm-2；Electrolyte is by a certain amount of l mol/L LiPF6Be dissolved in volume ratio be 1:1 ethylene carbonate and
In the mixed solution of diethyl carbonate；Use Celgard2400 type polypropylene screen for the diaphragm of battery, pure lithium is used as to electrode；
Glove box (the H of related battery being assembled in full of argon atmosphere2O, O2: < 1 ppm) in carry out；The constant current charge-discharge of battery is surveyed
Examination carries out charge-discharge test on Neware BTS3000 battery test system, and test environment maintains 25 DEG C of constant temperature, the electricity of test
Pressure range is 2.8-4.3 V, as a result as shown in Figures 1 to 3.
As shown, Fig. 1 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2The XRD test result of material, can see
XRD diffraction maximum is all very sharp out, illustrates that the crystallinity of material is fine.All diffraction maximums and stratiform α-NaFeO2Structure (R-3m
Space group) diffraction maximum it is consistent, illustrate that obtained material has stratiform α-NaFeO2Structure, and without apparent impurity phase
In the presence of.Wherein there are (006)/(102) obviously divided and (108)/(110) diffraction maximum, illustrates that this material has good layer
Shape structure.I (003)/I (104) ratio is 1.76, illustrates its Ni2+And Li+Ion mixing degree is lower.
Fig. 2 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2First charge-discharge of the material under 0.1 C current density
Performance map (the mA of 1 C=200 g-1), first discharge specific capacity is 206.3 mA g-1
Fig. 3 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Cycle performance figure (1 C of the material under 0.1 C current density
= 200 mA g-1), after 20 circles recycle, specific discharge capacity is 194.1 mA g-1, capacity retention ratio 94.1%.
Fig. 4 is the LiNi prepared in embodiment0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2The SEM of material schemes, there it can be seen that preparation
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Material particle size size distribution is uniformly between 500-900 nm.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of even-grained anode material of lithium battery NCM811, it is characterised in that: using resorcinol,
Formaldehyde and metal acetate form gel under hydrothermal reaction condition, and gained gel is using freeze-drying, to protect the micro- of gel
It sees structure not to be destroyed, realizes that metal ion uniformly mixes, so that synthetic crystallization degree is high, I (003)/I (104) ratio is in 1.55-
Between 1.76, the anode material for lithium-ion batteries that granule size is evenly distributed between 500-900 nm
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, the metal acetate is lithium acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
The preparation of step 1) presoma, prepare the lithium acetate of a certain concentration ratio, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, resorcinol,
The mixed solution of formaldehyde, it is accurate to control mixing speed and mixing time；It is then transferred in ptfe autoclave, certain
Under the conditions of react, be cooled to room temperature to form gel；Solid precursor will be obtained after the gel refrigeration drying；
Step 2 positive electrode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Preparation, solid precursor obtained by step 1) is pulverized last,
Under oxygen-enriched atmosphere, pre-burning first is carried out in certain condition, is then calcined again；Positive electrode is obtained after natural cooling
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2。
3. hydro-thermal gel synthesis preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: lithium acetate in the step 1),
Nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, resorcinol, formaldehyde substance withdrawl syndrome ratio be (1.03-1.08): 0.8:0.1:
0.1:(1-2): (1.5-3)；The solvent of mixed solution is the mixed liquor of second alcohol and water, volume ratio 1:(0.5-2)；Stirring speed
Degree control is in 600-1200 rpm；Mixing time is controlled in 1-3 h.
4. hydro-thermal gel synthesis preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the step 1) reaction condition
It is 24-72 h of holding at 85 DEG C；Freeze-drying condition is that 12-24 h are kept at subzero 40-60 DEG C.
5. hydro-thermal gel synthesis preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the step 2 oxygen-enriched atmosphere
Oxygen content be 21% -100%.
6. hydro-thermal gel synthesis preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the item of the step 2 pre-burning
Part is that calcined temperature is 400-500 DEG C, and burn-in time is 4-6 h；The condition of calcining is that calcination temperature is 750-850
DEG C, calcination time is 9-18 h, and the heating rate of the pre-burning and calcining is 1-10 DEG C/min.
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| CN102569777A (en) * | 2012-01-02 | 2012-07-11 | 株洲泰和高科技有限公司 | New method for synthesizing porous layered LNMCO (333 material for short) |
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| CN102569777A (en) * | 2012-01-02 | 2012-07-11 | 株洲泰和高科技有限公司 | New method for synthesizing porous layered LNMCO (333 material for short) |
| KR20140001476A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-07 | 삼화콘덴서공업주식회사 | Active material for cathode and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN107673408A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-02-09 | 柳州凯通新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of modified lithium manganate cathode material |
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