CN109357937A - A kind of measurement device and method describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness - Google Patents
A kind of measurement device and method describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness Download PDFInfo
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- CN109357937A CN109357937A CN201811305380.4A CN201811305380A CN109357937A CN 109357937 A CN109357937 A CN 109357937A CN 201811305380 A CN201811305380 A CN 201811305380A CN 109357937 A CN109357937 A CN 109357937A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measurement devices and method for describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness, including stationary fixture, test-piece stand and cantilever beam, FRP- concrete binding face does not need reserved crackle in the present invention, influence of the needs and reserved crack length, pointed shape measured so as to avoid fracture tip location in test to test result.Cantilever depth of beam is linearly increased along cantilever beam axis direction by cantilever end to tail end, and the cross section of cantilever end and tail end is rectangular.Single cantilever beam used in the present invention, deck-molding linearly increase along beam axis direction, and the flexibility of single cantilever beam is extended with crack in fracture process, and the change of gradient of length is constant, simplify the calculating of I type fracture-critical strain energy rate of FRP reinforced concrete.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement device of material fault interface fracture toughness more particularly to a kind of description FRP- coagulations
The measurement device and method of native adhesive surface fracture toughness, belong to Material mechanics test field.
Background technique
Concrete structure its during one's term of military service, aging and environment influence to cause the mechanical property of structure to a certain extent
It gradually decreases.The surge of load or the destruction of accidental load simultaneously is it is also possible that the premature decline of structural-load-carrying capacity or forfeiture.
Compared with removing and rebuilding, reinforcement means appropriate is taken to improve the often more economical conjunction of the mechanical property of existing concrete structure
Reason, therefore also expedited the emergence of various reinforcement means and new reinforced material.In various reinforcement materials, due to fibre reinforced composites
(FRP) there is high-strength light, the durable good characteristics such as antifatigue, and externally bonded FRP reinforcement construction technology is easy, therefore FRP material is adding
Gu being widely used in terms of concrete structure.A large amount of engineering practices show FRP reinforced concrete system often because
The premature failure of adhesive surface between FRP and cast concrete base and destroy, FRP- concrete interface adhesive property become influence reinforce
One key factor of effect, it is therefore desirable to which the effective test of exploitation studies FRP- concrete interface caking property with analysis method
Energy.
According to Based on principles of crack mechanics, stress strength factor K (its critical value, that is, fracture toughness K of Brittleness of Concrete fractureC)
It is completely the same with energy release rate G criterion.The two is compared, and stress intensity factor accurately calculates very difficult, and energy is released
The rate G of putting can be measured with flexibility method, therefore can use the interfacial fracture strain energy release rate G of FRP reinforced concreteCTo replace
For the fracture toughness K in traditional material fatigue formulaC, FRP- concrete interface adhesive property is described and is characterized.It is double outstanding
Arm beam test is the conventional test methods for being widely used in measuring material fracture property, but in FRP reinforced concrete material
Fracture property test in there are problems that it is a series of be difficult to avoid that, such as due to concrete tensile strength not enough and make fracture
On a cantilever beam, reserve the length of crackle, the difference of pointed shape and lead to the not parity problem of measurement result.In addition double cantilevers
The tip location of crackle must carry out accurately physical measurement etc., and the accurate survey of crack tip position in test in beam test
It is difficult to measure.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is viscous that the present invention provides a kind of description FRP- concrete
The measurement device and method of junction fracture toughness.
Technical solution: in order to solve the above technical problems, description of the invention FRP- concrete binding face I type fault interface is disconnected
The measurement device of toughness, including stationary fixture, test-piece stand and cantilever beam are split,
Test-piece stand includes bottom plate 9 positioned axially, and the upper surface of bottom plate is fixed with fixation steel plate 8, and fixation steel plate 8 is upward
It is extended with limit plate, fixation steel plate 8, limit plate and the movable merging of steel plate 7 form jaw, are placed in jaw and jaw shapes
Corresponding shape concrete sample 6, the viscous one layer of FRP plate 5 in the upper surface of platform shape concrete sample 6, the upper surface pressure of FRP plate
It is stamped cantilever beam 4；FRP- concrete binding face does not need reserved crackle in the present invention, so as to avoid fracture tip in test
Influence of the needs and reserved crack length, pointed shape of position measurement to test result.
Cantilever depth of beam is linearly increased along cantilever beam axis direction by cantilever end to tail end, cantilever end and tail end
Cross section is rectangular.The bevel edge of rectangle and the angle on bottom edge do not need quantitative description, and angle not only wastes greatly very much material, quality
Also it weighs, test is inconvenient.It if angle is too small, will be bent compared with small load excessive, be easy to exceed the amount of COD before test specimen destroys
Journey.Therefore, this angle should meet make entirely test during test specimen destroy before be no more than COD range.
Single cantilever beam used in the present invention, deck-molding linearly increase along beam axis direction, singly hang in fracture process
The flexibility of arm beam is extended with crack, and the change of gradient of length is constant, simplifies the strain of I type fracture-critical of FRP reinforced concrete
The calculating of energy release rate.
The cantilever end of cantilever beam 4 is corresponding to be fixed with stationary fixture.
Further, stationary fixture includes the vertical steel pole 10 and anchor corresponding with vertical steel pole being connected in below bottom plate
Tool, anchorage includes the channel steel 2 for being socketed in the cantilever end of cantilever beam, and band nut steel pole 3, band nut steel pole 3 are connected at the top of channel steel 2
Middle part be connected with steel pull ring 1.
Further, fixation steel plate 8 is equipped with steel handle support 11,11 middle part of steel handle support close to the side of movable steel plate 7
It is fastened by threaded shaft 12 with handlebar 13.
Further, platform shape concrete sample 6 is provided with acoustic emission device 15, platform shape concrete close to the end of cantilever end
The junction of test specimen and cantilever beam is provided with crack mouth opening displacement device 14, and the side of cantilever beam is provided with towards cantilever beam side
The DIC device 16 in face.The crack mouthful in detection I type fracture process of FRP- concrete can be synchronized by crack mouth opening displacement device
Opening displacement can synchronize detection acoustical signal feature by acoustic emission device and can synchronize detection surface of test piece by DIC device
Strain, displacement, crack developing process etc..
DIC, that is, digital image correlation (digital picture is related), surface of test piece production (spray painting or patch
Speckle film) scatterplot, photo is shot using high-speed camera, image data is converted to digital information by DIC system, is tried by calculating
The relative position of part surface scatterplot changes to calculate related data, such as strain, displacement, crack location and length.Due to being continuous
It takes pictures (frequency is adjustable), so the delta data of any time can be recorded.
In order to further preferably be filled using the measurement of description FRP- concrete binding face I type fault interface fracture toughness
It sets, the present invention also provides the measuring methods of this measurement device, include the following steps:
Step 1 prepares cantilever beam:
Determine the height of the thickness of the cantilever end of cantilever beam and the tail end of cantilever beam；Go to step 2；
Step 2, the flexibility gradient for determining cantilever beam:
(1) cantilever beam is placed in testing machine and is applied load, apply critical load of the load far below fracture, thus
Record this time applies the parameter A that load generates, and parameter A includes load p and crack mouth opening displacement CMOD；
(2) the P-CMOD slope of curve is calculated according to above-mentioned parameter A, the inverse of the P-CMOD slope of curve is flexibility of cantilever
C；
(3) since DIC software converts image information into digital information, and software has pre-treatment and post-processing function, can
It analyzes and calculates, the information such as strain displacement can be calculated, therefore can calculate in the data that DIC device is recorded several
The crack length a of the crack length a at time point, each selected moment have corresponding flexibility C.That chooses is limited a little, institute
Image with drafting is scatter plot, and the softwares such as EXCEL/Origin can carry out linear fit according to data point, fit straight line
, i.e., it is believed that theoretically these points are all on this straight line, these points are all distributed near this straight line under experimental condition.
On figure from C to a, the flexibility in straight slope, that is, equation of linear regression fit within the scope of selected crack length
GradientConstant value；Go to step 3:
Step 3, erecting bed shape concrete sample:
(1) vertical steel pole 10 is fixed on the lower fixture of MTS testing machine, rotational handle bar 13 pulls open jaw, is put into
The platform shape concrete sample of FRP and cantilever beam is pasted, reversion handlebar 13 makes the platform shape coagulation for pasting FRP and cantilever beam
Native test specimen and fixation steel plate and movable steel board clamping；(2) the steel pull ring 1 on stationary fixture is fixed on the upper of MTS testing machine
On fixture, upper fixture is adjusted to proper height, proper height refers to allowing band nut steel pole that can pass through channel-section steel and steel pull ring,
It is assembled, is assembled it with the channel steel for being placed in cantilever beam cantilever end with nut steel pole, adjustment upper fixture height to pre-add
Carry position；Go to step 4:
Step 4 calculates strain energy release rate:
(1) test specimen fixed in step 3 is loaded, until FRP- concrete binding System Tearing destroys, thus
Obtain critical load；
(2) strain energy release rate is calculated by following calculation formula:
Wherein, GICStrain energy release rate；PCFor critical load；B is adhesive surface width；Expand for flexibility ρ with crack
The change of gradient of length degree a is constant.
The principle of the present invention are as follows: according to Based on principles of crack mechanics, (its is critical for the stress strength factor K of Brittleness of Concrete fracture
Value is fracture toughness KC) and energy release rate G criterion be completely the same.The two is compared, and stress intensity factor accurately calculates ten
Point difficulty, and energy release rate G can be measured with flexibility method, therefore can be answered with the interfacial fracture of FRP reinforced concrete is critical
Becoming can release rate GCTo substitute the fracture toughness K in traditional material fatigue formulaC, FRP- concrete interface adhesive property is carried out
Description and characterization.
Further, the adhesive surface width in step 4 is the width of 6 upper surface of platform shape concrete sample, platform shape concrete
The width of 6 upper surface of test specimen and the lower surface equivalent width of cantilever beam.
The utility model has the advantages that the deck-molding of (1) single cantilever beam of the invention linearly increases along beam y direction, in fracture process
The flexibility of single cantilever beam is constant with the change of gradient of crack extension length, simplifies I type fracture-critical of FRP reinforced concrete and answers
Become the calculating of energy release rate；(2) FRP- concrete binding face does not need reserved crackle, so as to avoid fracture tip in test
Influence of the needs and reserved crack length, pointed shape of position measurement to test result；(3) detection FRP- coagulation can be synchronized
Crack mouth opening displacement, the strain of acoustical signal feature and surface of test piece, displacement, crack developing mistake in native I type fracture process
Journey etc..
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of embodiment in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of embodiment in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view in I-I direction in Fig. 2.
In figure: 1 steel pull ring, 2 channel steels, 3 nut steel poles, 4 cantilever beams, 5FRP plate, 6 shape concrete samples, 7 movable steels
Plate, 8 fixation steel plates, 8-1 limit plate, 9 bottom plates, 10 vertical steel poles, the support of 11 steel handles, 12 threaded shafts, 13 handlebars, 14 split
Sealing opening displacement device, 15 acoustic emission devices, 16DIC device,
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention provides a kind of measurement device for describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness, including stationary fixture, examination
Part frame and cantilever beam,
Test-piece stand includes bottom plate 9 positioned axially, and the upper surface of bottom plate is fixed with fixation steel plate 8, and fixation steel plate 8 is upward
It is extended with limit plate 8-1, fixation steel plate 8, limit plate and the movable merging of steel plate 7 form jaw, are placed in jaw and jaw
Corresponding shape concrete sample 6 of shape, the viscous one layer of FRP plate 5 in the upper surface of platform shape concrete sample 6, the upper table of FRP plate
Face pressure is stamped cantilever beam 4；FRP- concrete binding face does not need reserved crackle in the present invention, so as to avoid fracture in test
Influence of the needs and reserved crack length, pointed shape of tip location measurement to test result.
Cantilever depth of beam is linearly increased along cantilever beam axis direction by cantilever end to tail end, cantilever end and tail end
Cross section is rectangular.The bevel edge of rectangle and the angle on bottom edge do not need quantitative description, and angle not only wastes greatly very much material, quality
Also it weighs, test is inconvenient.It if angle is too small, will be bent compared with small load excessive, be easy to exceed the amount of COD before test specimen destroys
Journey.Therefore, this angle should meet make entirely test during test specimen destroy before be no more than COD range.
Single cantilever beam used in the present invention, deck-molding linearly increase along beam axis direction, singly hang in fracture process
The flexibility of arm beam is extended with crack, and the change of gradient of length is constant, simplifies the strain of I type fracture-critical of FRP reinforced concrete
The calculating of energy release rate.
The cantilever end of cantilever beam 4 is corresponding to be fixed with stationary fixture.
Stationary fixture includes being connected in vertical steel pole 10 below bottom plate and anchorage corresponding with vertical steel pole, anchorage include
It is socketed in the channel steel 2 of the cantilever end of cantilever beam, band nut steel pole 3 is connected at the top of channel steel 2, the middle part connection with nut steel pole 3
There is steel pull ring 1.Fixation steel plate 8 is equipped with steel handle support 11 close to the side of movable steel plate 7, and 11 middle part of steel handle support passes through band
Threaded shaft 12 and handlebar 13 fasten.Platform shape concrete sample 6 is provided with acoustic emission device 15, platform close to the end of cantilever end
The junction of shape concrete sample and cantilever beam is provided with crack mouth opening displacement device 14, the side of cantilever beam be provided with towards
The DIC device 16 of cantilever beam sides.It can be synchronized in detection I type fracture process of FRP- concrete by crack mouth opening displacement device
Crack mouth opening displacement, detection acoustical signal feature can be synchronized by acoustic emission device and detection can be synchronized by DIC device
Strain, displacement, crack developing process of surface of test piece etc..
In order to further preferably be filled using the measurement of description FRP- concrete binding face I type fault interface fracture toughness
It sets, the present invention also provides the measuring methods of this measurement device, include the following steps:
Step 1 prepares cantilever beam:
Determine the height of the thickness of the cantilever end of cantilever beam and the tail end of cantilever beam；Go to step 2；
Step 2, the flexibility gradient for determining cantilever beam:
(1) cantilever beam is placed in testing machine and is applied load, apply critical load of the load far below fracture, thus
Record this time applies the parameter A that load generates, and parameter A includes load p, crack mouth opening displacement CMOD；
(2) the P-CMOD slope of curve is calculated according to above-mentioned parameter A, the inverse of the P-CMOD slope of curve is flexibility of cantilever
C；
(3) since DIC software converts image information into digital information, and software has pre-treatment and post-processing function, can
It analyzes and calculates, the information such as strain displacement can be calculated, therefore can calculate in the data that DIC device is recorded several
The crack length a of the crack length a at time point, each selected moment have corresponding flexibility C.That chooses is limited a little, institute
Image with drafting is scatter plot, and the softwares such as EXCEL/Origin can carry out linear fit according to data point, fit straight line
, i.e., it is believed that theoretically these points are all on this straight line, these points are all distributed near this straight line under experimental condition.
On figure from C to a, the flexibility in straight slope, that is, equation of linear regression fit within the scope of selected crack length
GradientConstant value；Go to step 3:
Step 3, erecting bed shape concrete sample:
(1) vertical steel pole 10 is fixed on the lower fixture of MTS testing machine, rotational handle bar 13 pulls open jaw, is put into
The platform shape concrete sample of FRP and cantilever beam is pasted, reversion handlebar 13 makes the platform shape coagulation for pasting FRP and cantilever beam
Native test specimen and fixation steel plate and movable steel board clamping；
(2) the steel pull ring 1 on stationary fixture is fixed in the upper fixture of MTS testing machine, adjustment upper fixture is to suitable
Highly, it is assembled with the channel steel for being placed in cantilever beam cantilever end with nut steel pole, adjustment upper fixture height is to preloading position
It sets；Go to step 4:
Step 4 calculates strain energy release rate:
(1) test specimen fixed in step 3 is loaded, until FRP- concrete binding System Tearing destroys, thus
Obtain critical load；
(2) strain energy release rate is calculated by following calculation formula:
Wherein, GICStrain energy release rate；PCFor critical load；B is adhesive surface width；Expand for flexibility ρ with crack
The change of gradient of length degree a is constant.Adhesive surface width is the width of platform shape concrete sample (6) upper surface, and described shape is mixed
The solidifying soil width of test specimen (6) upper surface and the lower surface equivalent width of cantilever beam
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the above embodiments do not limit the invention in any form, all obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Technical solution is fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of measurement device for describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness, including stationary fixture, test-piece stand and cantilever beam,
It is characterized by:
The test-piece stand includes bottom plate positioned axially (9), and the upper surface of the bottom plate is fixed with fixation steel plate (8), described
Fixation steel plate (8) has upwardly extended limit plate (8-1), and the fixation steel plate (8), limit plate and movable steel plate (7) merge shape
At jaw, corresponding with jaw shapes shape concrete sample (6), described shape concrete sample are placed in the jaw
(6) the viscous one layer of FRP plate (5) in upper surface, the upper surface gland of the FRP plate have cantilever beam (4)；The cantilever depth of beam
Along cantilever beam axis direction, linearly increased by cantilever end to tail end, the cross section of cantilever end and tail end is rectangular；
The cantilever end of the cantilever beam (4) is corresponding to be fixed with stationary fixture.
2. a kind of measurement device for describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the stationary fixture includes the vertical steel pole (10) and anchorage corresponding with vertical steel pole being connected in below bottom plate, the anchor
Tool includes the channel steel (2) for being socketed in the cantilever end of cantilever beam, and band nut steel pole (3), the band are connected at the top of the channel steel (2)
Steel pull ring (1) is connected in the middle part of nut steel pole (3).
3. a kind of measurement device for describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the fixation steel plate (8) is equipped with steel handle support (11) close to the side of movable steel plate (7), and the steel handle supports in (11)
Portion is fastened by threaded shaft (12) and handlebar (13).
4. a kind of measurement device for describing FRP- concrete binding face fracture toughness according to claim 1, feature exist
In: described shape concrete sample (6) is provided with acoustic emission device (15) close to the end of cantilever end, described shape concrete examination
The junction of part and cantilever beam is provided with crack mouth opening displacement device (14), and the side of the cantilever beam is provided with towards cantilever
The DIC device (16) of beam sides.
5. a kind of measuring method for describing FRP- concrete binding face I type fault interface fracture toughness measurement device, feature exist
In including the following steps:
Step 1 prepares cantilever beam:
Determine the height of the thickness of the cantilever end of cantilever beam and the tail end of cantilever beam；Go to step 2；
Step 2, the flexibility gradient for determining cantilever beam:
(1) cantilever beam is placed in testing machine and is applied load, it is described to apply critical load of the load far below fracture, thus
It includes load p and crack mouth opening displacement CMOD that record, which this time applies parameter A, the parameter A that load generates,；
(2) the P-CMOD slope of curve is calculated according to above-mentioned parameter A, the inverse of the P-CMOD slope of curve is flexibility of cantilever
C；
(3) the crack length a at several time points is calculated in the data that DIC device is recorded, the crackle at each selected moment
Length a has corresponding flexibility C；On figure from C to a, the straight line of linear regression fit is oblique within the scope of selected crack length
Flexibility gradient in rate, that is, equationConstant value；Go to step 3:
Step 3, erecting bed shape concrete sample:
(1) vertical steel pole (10) is fixed on the lower fixture of MTS testing machine, rotational handle bar (13) pulls open jaw, is put into
The platform shape concrete sample of FRP and cantilever beam is pasted, reversion handlebar (13) makes the platform shape for pasting FRP and cantilever beam mixed
Solidifying soil test specimen and fixation steel plate and movable steel board clamping；
(2) the steel pull ring (1) on stationary fixture is fixed in the upper fixture of MTS testing machine, adjustment upper fixture to suitable height
Degree, is assembled it with the channel steel for being placed in cantilever beam cantilever end with nut steel pole, adjustment upper fixture height to preload position；
Go to step 4:
Step 4 calculates strain energy release rate:
(1) test specimen fixed in step 3 is loaded, until FRP- concrete binding System Tearing destroys, to obtain
Critical load；
(2) strain energy release rate is calculated by following calculation formula:
Wherein, GICStrain energy release rate；PCFor critical load；B is adhesive surface width；It extends and grows with crack for flexibility ρ
The change of gradient of a is spent, is constant.
6. I type fault interface fracture toughness measurement device in a kind of description FRP- concrete binding face according to claim 5
Measuring method, it is characterised in that: adhesive surface width in step 4 is the width of platform shape concrete sample (6) upper surface, described
The width of platform shape concrete sample (6) upper surface and the lower surface equivalent width of cantilever beam.
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| CN201811305380.4A CN109357937B (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2018-11-05 | Device and method for describing fracture toughness of FRP (fiber reinforced Plastic) -concrete bonding surface |
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| CN111610099A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-01 | 郑州大学 | Rubber concrete fracture performance analysis method based on temperature and humidity changes |
| CN113029817A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-25 | 华南理工大学 | Unilateral J-integration method for interface cracks |
| CN113405913A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-17 | 重庆交通大学 | Device for soil fracture toughness and tensile strength and using method thereof |
| CN113740156A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 科大讯飞股份有限公司 | Drawing test fixture and method |
| CN114184467A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-15 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Test piece for fracture performance test and preparation method thereof |
| CN114739826A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-07-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Analysis method for deformation and damage of bonding surface of concrete repairing material |
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| CN111610099A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-01 | 郑州大学 | Rubber concrete fracture performance analysis method based on temperature and humidity changes |
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| CN113405913A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-17 | 重庆交通大学 | Device for soil fracture toughness and tensile strength and using method thereof |
| CN113405913B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2024-01-26 | 重庆交通大学 | Device for soil body fracture toughness and tensile strength and application method thereof |
| CN113740156A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 科大讯飞股份有限公司 | Drawing test fixture and method |
| CN113740156B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2024-02-13 | 科大讯飞股份有限公司 | Drawing test fixture and method |
| CN114739826A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-07-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Analysis method for deformation and damage of bonding surface of concrete repairing material |
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