CN109355517A - A kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy - Google Patents
A kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109355517A CN109355517A CN201811441918.4A CN201811441918A CN109355517A CN 109355517 A CN109355517 A CN 109355517A CN 201811441918 A CN201811441918 A CN 201811441918A CN 109355517 A CN109355517 A CN 109355517A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
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- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy, comprising the following steps: for step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；Step 2 is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, and is heated between 1250 DEG C~1700 DEG C, is kept 25min~60min to be refined after having melted, is then poured into mold, is removed from mold as an ingot casting；Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2, then multiple ingot castings are welded to form second electrode end to end；Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), finally carries out feeding in melting, the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy is obtained after taking-up.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alloy cast ingot melting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy is big
Size ingot-casting method of smelting.
Background technique
Niti-shaped memorial alloy has peculiar shape memory effect and super-elasticity, excellent wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant and resistance
Damping properties and good mechanical performance, application range is very extensive, is related to machinery, electronics, chemical industry, the energy, building, medical treatment
With the fields such as aerospace.The manufacture of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy material, the acquisition of ingot casting are the first step of material manufacture, ingot casting
Uniformity, size and the yield rate of ingredient are all important research direction.The melting of niti-shaped memorial alloy at present
There are two types of methods: one is by vacuum intermediate-frequency melting, another kind is vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting；Former approach at
It is relatively good in terms of the uniformity divided, but the dimensions of ingot casting is smaller after Nitinol casting, yield rate is lower, and produces
Efficiency is lower；And later approach is able to solve the problem of big size ingot-casting, but nickel and titanium elements density difference are big, directly carries out
The homogeneity of ingredients of the ingot casting of melting institute output is poor.
Currently, the melting research about the big size ingot-casting of niti-shaped memorial alloy is less, the method proposed mostly is to increase
The power and capacity of big intermediate frequency furnace realize the production of the big size ingot-casting of niti-shaped memorial alloy, but Medium frequency induction
The casting yield of melting or relatively low, and weight is smaller compared to vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting.Therefore, it is necessary to
Finding a kind of acquisition, ingredient is uniform, substance is big, high yield rate method of smelting, also to make the impurity such as carbon, the oxygen of Nitinol
Content accomplishes lower level, meets the rigors of medical niti material.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy ultralow is provided
The big size ingot-casting method of smelting of gap overcomes in the prior art 1: the ruler of ingot casting after vacuum intermediate-frequency melting is poured Nitinol
Very little specification is smaller, and yield rate is lower, and production efficiency is lower；2: vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting makes nickel and titanium elements close
Degree difference is big, and the homogeneity of ingredients of the directly ingot casting of progress melting institute output is poor；3: the impurity contents such as carbon, oxygen of Nitinol
It is higher, it is unable to satisfy the rigors of Nickel-titanium alloy for medical purpose material；4: Nitinol welding difficulty, NiTi density difference are easy greatly
The problems such as the problem of appearance is segregated and seriously affects phase transition temperature.
In order to solve technical problem, the technical scheme is that a kind of big rule in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy
Lattice ingot casting method of smelting, comprising the following steps:
For step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；
Step 2) is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, and is heated to 1250
DEG C~1700 DEG C between, melted after keep 25min~60min refined, be then poured into mold, removed from mold
An as ingot casting；
Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2), then multiple ingot castings are welded to form two end to end
Sub-electrode；
Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), is finally carried out in melting
Feeding obtains the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy after taking-up.
Preferably, the step 1) chinese raw materials further includes other addition element, wherein other addition element be chromium, cobalt,
One or more of copper, vanadium, aluminium, iron, molybdenum, niobium element, the titanium sponge are 0 grade of titanium sponge, and the electrolytic nickel is 1# electrolysis
Nickel, wherein the weight percent of 0 grade of titanium sponge is 43.0wt.%~45.5wt.%, wherein the weight percent of 1# electrolytic nickel is
54.5wt.%~57.0wt.%, the weight percent of other elements are 0.1wt.%~6.0wt.%.
Preferably, the cavity shape of mold is cuboid or cylindrical body in the step 2), wherein the shape of an ingot casting
For cuboid or cylindrical body, the size of ingot casting of cuboid is 200 × 60 × 1000mm, ingot casting of the cylindrical body
Size be 320 × 1000mm of Φ.
Preferably, in the step 2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace voltage be 100V~600V, electric current be 100A~
400A, heating time are 15min~50min；In a vacuum in frequency induction melting furnace fusion process, titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel are complete
After being fused into metal liquid, start to vacuumize refinery by de-gassing, is 50A~250A in electric current, voltage is adjusted between 50V~300V
Output power, after 25min~50min, vacuum is maintained at 2Pa hereinafter, pouring out the molten metal in crucible, to true after casting complete
Applying argon gas to pressure is 0.04MPa~0.08MPa in empty medium frequency induction melting furnace, is come out of the stove after cooling 50min~60min.
Preferably, the cold-crucible in the step 2) is water jacketed copper crucible, will weigh accurate raw material and is packed into vacuum
It in the water jacketed copper crucible of medium frequency induction melting furnace, is heated between 1250 DEG C~1700 DEG C, deoxidier is added, then keeps
25min~60min is refined.
Preferably, the deoxidier is technical pure calcium particle.
Preferably, the step 3) the following steps are included:
Step 3-1) an ingot casting both ends are cut after, be cut into sub-buckle and mother in an ingot casting opposite ends
Button, wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is opposite；
Step 3-2) head of multiple ingot castings is marked with bottom；And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, it beats
It grinds a clean ingot casting surface to be mingled with, be dried after cleaning up greasy dirt；
Step 3-3) by the bottom female thread of the head sub-buckle of ingot casting after drying and another ingot casting into
Row fastens, and argon gas protection Plasma Welding composition second electrode is carried out by the way of circular seam welding；
Step 3-4) bottom of a former ingot casting is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting as the top of second electrode
Furnace carries out secondary smelting.
Preferably, the sub-buckle and female thread shape areType structure, whereinThe long side length of type structure sub-buckle and female thread
Degree is 80mm or 133mm.
Preferably, start feeding, feeding time about 30min in the step 4) when second electrode residue 40kg.
Preferably, the electrode size of vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace is 320 × 2180mm of Φ, earthenware in the step 4)
Crucible is having a size of Φ 360mm, vacuum degree≤3.5 × 10-2Pa, voltage 32V, electric current are 5.0KA~6.0KA.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantages that
(1) method of smelting of the present invention avoids the problem of Nitinol directly welds, and can prevent in secondary smelting process
In there is solder joint and fall off, cause " falling bullet " phenomenon；An ingot casting head and tail is fastened in secondary smelting cloth, at abutment joint
Carrying out secondary smelting using vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting after spot welding (can choose secondary smelting earthenware according to an ingot shape shape
Pot is square or round), ingot casting riser depth is reduced using reasonable feeding technology at melting end, wherein melting once
(melting in vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace) reduces the segregation of nickel element in process of setting, and secondary smelting can be to avoid secondary electricity
The disengagement of pole causes " falling bullet " phenomenon, can be made the ingot casting of bigger specification, and stir since the electric arc of secondary smelting shakes
It is more uniform to act on ingot casting ingredient, vacuum is evacuated volatilization again reduces carbon and oxygen in melt；
(2) ingot casting ingredient of the present invention is more uniform, impurity content is lower, and carbon and oxygen impurities content reduce, melting of the present invention
The transformation temperature tests of different ingot castings show that the transformation temperature deviation of its ingot casting different location and pouring bay can be controlled in ± 8 DEG C, casting
It is finer and close inside ingot, stomata is less: the ingot casting that vacuum induction melting furnace obtains inevitably results from casting process
Shrinkage cavity can generate loose or stomata in Ti-Ni alloy ingot and exist when pouring temperature is too low, during subsequent processing, by
Ti-Ni alloy ingot cracking or plate product surface is caused bubble, the ingot casting of melting of the present invention occur in loose and stomata presence
Porosity can reach≤0.4%；
(3) present invention is produced by vacuum medium frequency induction furnace melting+vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace melting manufacturing method
Nitinol ingot casting, the general smelting equipment used, industrial production practicability is very strong, and the ingot casting homogeneity of ingredients of institute's output
Good, at low cost, high-efficient, high yield rate, there are also the processing that square ingot casting facilitates plate product, can save process, improve plate
Material machining yield and reduction totle drilling cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, the present invention are cut with the structural schematic diagram of an ingot casting of sub-buckle and female thread；
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 2, second electrode of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
It should be noted that structure, ratio, the size etc. illustrated in this specification institute attached drawing, only to cooperate explanation
The revealed content of book is not intended to limit the invention enforceable restriction so that those skilled in the art understands and reads
Condition, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size, do not influence the effect of present invention can be generated and
Under the purpose that can reach, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents can cover.
Meanwhile cited such as "upper" in this specification, "lower", "left", "right", " centre " and " one " term, also
Only being illustrated convenient for narration, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness is altered or modified, in nothing
Under essence change technology contents, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The invention discloses a kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy, including following step
It is rapid:
For step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；
Step 2) is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, and is heated to 1250
DEG C~1700 DEG C between, melted after keep 25min~60min refined, be then poured into mold, removed from mold
An as ingot casting；
Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2), then multiple ingot castings are welded to form two end to end
Sub-electrode；
Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), is finally carried out in melting
Feeding obtains the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy after taking-up.
Embodiment 2
The invention discloses a kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy, including following step
It is rapid:
For step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；
Step 2) is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, and is heated to 1250
DEG C~1700 DEG C between, melted after keep 25min~60min refined, be then poured into mold, removed from mold
An as ingot casting；
Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2), then multiple ingot castings are welded to form two end to end
Sub-electrode；
Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), is finally carried out in melting
Feeding obtains the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy after taking-up.
Preferably, the step 1) chinese raw materials further includes other addition element, wherein other addition element be chromium, cobalt,
One or more of copper, vanadium, aluminium, iron, molybdenum, niobium element, the titanium sponge are 0 grade of titanium sponge, and the electrolytic nickel is 1# electrolysis
Nickel, wherein the weight percent of 0 grade of titanium sponge is 43.0wt.%~45.5wt.%, wherein the weight percent of 1# electrolytic nickel is
54.5wt.%~57.0wt.%, the weight percent of other elements are 0.1wt.%~6.0wt.%.
Embodiment 3
The invention discloses a kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy, including following step
It is rapid:
For step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；
Step 2) is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, and is heated to 1250
DEG C~1700 DEG C between, melted after keep 25min~60min refined, be then poured into mold, removed from mold
An as ingot casting；
Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2), then multiple ingot castings are welded to form two end to end
Sub-electrode；
Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), is finally carried out in melting
Feeding obtains the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy after taking-up.
Preferably, the step 1) chinese raw materials further includes other addition element, wherein other addition element be chromium, cobalt,
One or more of copper, vanadium, aluminium, iron, molybdenum, niobium element, the titanium sponge are 0 grade of titanium sponge, and the electrolytic nickel is 1# electrolysis
Nickel, wherein the weight percent of 0 grade of titanium sponge is 43.0wt.%~45.5wt.%, wherein the weight percent of 1# electrolytic nickel is
54.5wt.%~57.0wt.%, the weight percent of other elements are 0.1wt.%~6.0wt.%.
Preferably, the cavity shape of mold is cuboid or cylindrical body in the step 2), wherein the shape of an ingot casting
For cuboid or cylindrical body, the size of ingot casting of cuboid is 200 × 60 × 1000mm, ingot casting of the cylindrical body
Size be 320 × 1000mm of Φ.
Preferably, in the step 2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace voltage be 100V~600V, electric current be 100A~
400A, heating time are 15min~50min；In a vacuum in frequency induction melting furnace fusion process, titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel are complete
After being fused into metal liquid, start to vacuumize refinery by de-gassing, is 50A~250A in electric current, voltage is adjusted between 50V~300V
Output power, after 25min~50min, vacuum is maintained at 2Pa hereinafter, pouring out the molten metal in crucible, to true after casting complete
Applying argon gas to pressure is 0.04MPa~0.08MPa in empty medium frequency induction melting furnace, is come out of the stove after cooling 50min~60min.
Preferably, the cold-crucible in the step 2) is water jacketed copper crucible, will weigh accurate raw material and is packed into vacuum
It in the water jacketed copper crucible of medium frequency induction melting furnace, is heated between 1250 DEG C~1700 DEG C, deoxidier is added, then keeps
25min~60min is refined.
Preferably, the deoxidier is technical pure calcium particle.
Embodiment 4
The invention discloses a kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy, including following step
It is rapid:
For step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；
Step 2) is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, and is heated to 1250
DEG C~1700 DEG C between, melted after keep 25min~60min refined, be then poured into mold, removed from mold
An as ingot casting；
Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2), then multiple ingot castings are welded to form two end to end
Sub-electrode；
Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), is finally carried out in melting
Feeding obtains the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy after taking-up.
Preferably, the step 1) chinese raw materials further includes other addition element, wherein other addition element be chromium, cobalt,
One or more of copper, vanadium, aluminium, iron, molybdenum, niobium element, the titanium sponge are 0 grade of titanium sponge, and the electrolytic nickel is 1# electrolysis
Nickel, wherein the weight percent of 0 grade of titanium sponge is 43.0wt.%~45.5wt.%, wherein the weight percent of 1# electrolytic nickel is
54.5wt.%~57.0wt.%, the weight percent of other elements are 0.1wt.%~6.0wt.%.
Preferably, the cavity shape of mold is cuboid or cylindrical body in the step 2), wherein the shape of an ingot casting
For cuboid or cylindrical body, the size of ingot casting of cuboid is 200 × 60 × 1000mm, ingot casting of the cylindrical body
Size be 320 × 1000mm of Φ.
Preferably, in the step 2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace voltage be 100V~600V, electric current be 100A~
400A, heating time are 15min~50min；In a vacuum in frequency induction melting furnace fusion process, titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel are complete
After being fused into metal liquid, start to vacuumize refinery by de-gassing, is 50A~250A in electric current, voltage is adjusted between 50V~300V
Output power, after 25min~50min, vacuum is maintained at 2Pa hereinafter, pouring out the molten metal in crucible, to true after casting complete
Applying argon gas to pressure is 0.04MPa~0.08MPa in empty medium frequency induction melting furnace, is come out of the stove after cooling 50min~60min.
Preferably, the cold-crucible in the step 2) is water jacketed copper crucible, will weigh accurate raw material and is packed into vacuum
It in the water jacketed copper crucible of medium frequency induction melting furnace, is heated between 1250 DEG C~1700 DEG C, deoxidier is added, then keeps
25min~60min is refined.
Preferably, the deoxidier is technical pure calcium particle.
Preferably, the step 3) the following steps are included:
Step 3-1) an ingot casting both ends are cut after, be cut into sub-buckle and mother in an ingot casting opposite ends
Button, wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is opposite；
Step 3-2) head of multiple ingot castings is marked with bottom；And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, it beats
It grinds a clean ingot casting surface to be mingled with, be dried after cleaning up greasy dirt；
Step 3-3) by the bottom female thread of the head sub-buckle of ingot casting after drying and another ingot casting into
Row fastens, and argon gas protection Plasma Welding composition second electrode is carried out by the way of circular seam welding；
Step 3-4) bottom of a former ingot casting is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting as the top of second electrode
Furnace carries out secondary smelting.
Preferably, the sub-buckle and female thread shape areType structure, whereinThe long side length of type structure sub-buckle and female thread
Degree is 80mm or 133mm.
Embodiment 5
The invention discloses a kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy, including following step
It is rapid:
For step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；
Step 2) is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, and is heated to 1250
DEG C~1700 DEG C between, melted after keep 25min~60min refined, be then poured into mold, removed from mold
An as ingot casting；
Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2), then multiple ingot castings are welded to form two end to end
Sub-electrode；
Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), is finally carried out in melting
Feeding obtains the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy after taking-up.
Preferably, the step 1) chinese raw materials further includes other addition element, wherein other addition element be chromium, cobalt,
One or more of copper, vanadium, aluminium, iron, molybdenum, niobium element, the titanium sponge are 0 grade of titanium sponge, and the electrolytic nickel is 1# electrolysis
Nickel, wherein the weight percent of 0 grade of titanium sponge is 43.0wt.%~45.5wt.%, wherein the weight percent of 1# electrolytic nickel is
54.5wt.%~57.0wt.%, the weight percent of other elements are 0.1wt.%~6.0wt.%.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that the cavity shape of mold is cuboid or cylindrical body in the step 2), wherein once
The shape of ingot casting is cuboid or cylindrical body, and the size of ingot casting of cuboid is 200 × 60 × 1000mm, the cylinder
The size of ingot casting of body is 320 × 1000mm of Φ.
Preferably, in the step 2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace voltage be 100V~600V, electric current be 100A~
400A, heating time are 15min~50min；In a vacuum in frequency induction melting furnace fusion process, titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel are complete
After being fused into metal liquid, start to vacuumize refinery by de-gassing, is 50A~250A in electric current, voltage is adjusted between 50V~300V
Output power, after 25min~50min, vacuum is maintained at 2Pa hereinafter, pouring out the molten metal in crucible, to true after casting complete
Applying argon gas to pressure is 0.04MPa~0.08MPa in empty medium frequency induction melting furnace, is come out of the stove after cooling 50min~60min.
Preferably, the cold-crucible in the step 2) is water jacketed copper crucible, will weigh accurate raw material and is packed into vacuum
It in the water jacketed copper crucible of medium frequency induction melting furnace, is heated between 1250 DEG C~1700 DEG C, deoxidier is added, then keeps
25min~60min is refined.
Preferably, the deoxidier is technical pure calcium particle.
Preferably, the step 3) the following steps are included:
Step 3-1) an ingot casting both ends are cut after, be cut into sub-buckle and mother in an ingot casting opposite ends
Button, wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is opposite；
Step 3-2) head of multiple ingot castings is marked with bottom；And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, it beats
It grinds a clean ingot casting surface to be mingled with, be dried after cleaning up greasy dirt；
Step 3-3) by the bottom female thread of the head sub-buckle of ingot casting after drying and another ingot casting into
Row fastens, and argon gas protection Plasma Welding composition second electrode is carried out by the way of circular seam welding, as shown in Figure 2；
Step 3-4) bottom of a former ingot casting is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting as the top of second electrode
Furnace carries out secondary smelting.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that the sub-buckle and female thread shape areType structure, whereinType structure sub-buckle and mother
The long side length of button is 80mm or 133mm.
Preferably, start feeding, feeding time about 30min in the step 4) when second electrode residue 40kg.
Preferably, the electrode size of vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace is 320 × 2180mm of Φ, earthenware in the step 4)
Crucible is having a size of Φ 360mm, vacuum degree≤3.5 × 10-2Pa, voltage 32V, electric current are 5.0KA~6.0KA.
Application Example 1
1# electrolytic nickel 56kg, 0 grade of titanium sponge 44kg are weighed, weighs three groups respectively, is fully enclosed vacuum intermediate-frequency for each group
In the water jacketed copper crucible of induction melting furnace, after evacuation (pressure is less than 0.1Pa), using electrified regulation, raw material is heated to
1500 DEG C melt it all, technical pure calcium particle are added, and 30min is kept to refine, are then poured into round mold, cooling
An ingot casting is taken out afterwards, and three ingot casting both ends are cut, are cut into sub-buckle and mother in an ingot casting opposite ends
Button, wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is on the contrary, the head of three groups of ingot castings is marked with bottom；
And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, a clean ingot casting surface of polishing is mingled with, and is dried, will be dried after cleaning up greasy dirt
The head sub-buckle of ingot casting afterwards and the bottom female thread of another ingot casting are fastened, and using the side of circular seam welding
Formula carries out argon gas protection Plasma Welding and forms second electrode, then, using the bottom of a former ingot casting as the top of second electrode
End is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting, and last riser part uses the feeding of conventional titanium alloy smelting
Technique starts feeding, feeding time about 30min as second electrode residue 40kg.
After the completion of melting, ingredient sample detection is carried out in ingot casting upper middle lower part, testing result such as table 1:
Table 1: 1 ingot casting upper middle lower part ingredient sampling inspection results of Application Example
As shown in table 1, less comprising impurity in ingot casting of the present invention, the ingot casting impurity that existing conventional method obtains is more,
The content of the application Ni element is between 55.97wt.%~56.01wt.%, and gap very little, comparison of ingredients is uniform, existing normal
For the content for the ingot casting Ni element that rule method obtains between 55.7wt.%~56.3wt.%, deviation is very big.Ingot casting of the present invention by
Three groups of ingot casting fastenings are welded, and substance is big, and ingot casting phase transition temperature of the present invention is between -13 DEG C~-9 DEG C, deviation very little,
For the phase transition temperature for the ingot casting that existing conventional method obtains at -10 ± 10 DEG C, deviation is very big, the content of critical impurities Elements C
The content 0.032%~0.034% of 0.007%~0.009%, O element, it is purer than conventional method, and ingot casting of the present invention
Porosity≤0.3%, be lower than conventional method, high yield rate, thus reduce Nitinol the loss of fusion process and at
The ratio of product riser, and purified by the electromagnetic agitation of secondary smelting, Nitinol ingot casting reaches low impurity state.Using reality
Apply example 2
1# electrolytic nickel 55kg, 0 grade of titanium sponge 45kg are weighed, weighs three groups respectively, is fully enclosed vacuum intermediate-frequency for each group
In the water jacketed copper crucible of induction melting furnace, after evacuation (pressure is less than 0.1Pa), using electrified regulation, raw material is heated to
1700 DEG C melt it all, technical pure calcium particle are added, and 60min is kept to refine, are then poured into round mold, cooling
An ingot casting is taken out afterwards, and three ingot casting both ends are cut, are cut into sub-buckle and mother in an ingot casting opposite ends
Button, wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is on the contrary, the head of three groups of ingot castings is marked with bottom；
And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, a clean ingot casting surface of polishing is mingled with, and is dried, will be dried after cleaning up greasy dirt
The head sub-buckle of ingot casting afterwards and the bottom female thread of another ingot casting are fastened, and using the side of circular seam welding
Formula carries out argon gas protection Plasma Welding and forms second electrode, then, using the bottom of a former ingot casting as the top of second electrode
End is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting, and last riser part uses the feeding of conventional titanium alloy smelting
Technique starts feeding, feeding time about 30min as second electrode residue 40kg.
After the completion of melting, ingredient sample detection is carried out in ingot casting upper middle lower part, testing result such as table 2:
Table 2: 2 ingot casting upper middle lower part ingredient sampling inspection results of Application Example
As shown in table 1, less comprising impurity in ingot casting of the present invention, the ingot casting impurity that existing conventional method obtains is more,
The content of the application Ni element is between 54.98wt.%~55.01wt.%, and gap very little, comparison of ingredients is uniform, existing normal
For the content for the ingot casting Ni element that rule method obtains between 54.7wt.%~54.3wt.%, deviation is very big.Ingot casting of the present invention by
Three groups of ingot casting fastenings are welded, and substance is big, and ingot casting phase transition temperature of the present invention is between 82 DEG C~86 DEG C, deviation very little,
For the phase transition temperature for the ingot casting that existing conventional method obtains at 85 ± 10 DEG C, deviation is very big, the content of critical impurities Elements C
The content 0.030%~0.033% of 0.006%~0.008%, O element, it is purer than conventional method, and ingot casting of the present invention
Porosity≤0.3%, be lower than conventional method, high yield rate, thus reduce Nitinol the loss of fusion process and at
The ratio of product riser, and purified by the electromagnetic agitation of secondary smelting, Nitinol ingot casting reaches low impurity state.Using reality
Apply example 3
1# electrolytic nickel 55.5kg, 0 grade of titanium sponge 44.2kg are weighed, chromium 0.3kg is electrolysed, three groups is weighed respectively, by each group
It is fully enclosed in the water jacketed copper crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, after evacuation (pressure is less than 0.1Pa), is added using being powered
Heat, raw material, which is heated to 1250 DEG C, melts it all, technical pure calcium particle is added, and 30min is kept to refine, is then poured into
In round mold, an ingot casting is taken out after cooling, three ingot casting both ends are cut, are cut in an ingot casting opposite ends
Cut and sub-buckle and female thread be made, wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction on the contrary, by the head of three groups of ingot castings with
Bottom is marked；And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, a clean ingot casting surface of polishing is mingled with, and it is laggard to clean up greasy dirt
Row drying, the bottom female thread of the head sub-buckle of ingot casting after drying and another ingot casting is fastened, and
Argon gas protection Plasma Welding composition second electrode is carried out by the way of circular seam welding then to make the bottom of a former ingot casting
It is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace progress secondary smelting for the top of second electrode, last riser part is using conventional titanium
The feeding technology of alloy melting starts feeding, feeding time about 30min as second electrode residue 40kg.
After the completion of melting, ingredient sample detection is carried out in ingot casting upper middle lower part, testing result such as table 3:
Table 3: 3 ingot casting upper middle lower part ingredient sampling inspection results of Application Example
As shown in table 3, less comprising impurity in ingot casting of the present invention, the ingot casting impurity that existing conventional method obtains is more,
The content of the application Ni element between 55.48wt.%~55.53wt.%, the content of Cr element 0.30wt.%~
Between 0.31wt.%, gap very little, comparison of ingredients is uniform, and the content for the ingot casting Ni element that existing conventional method obtains exists
Between 55.2wt.%~55.8wt.%, for the content of Cr element between 0.25wt.%~0.35wt.%, deviation is very big.This hair
Bright ingot casting is welded by three groups of ingot castings fastening, and substance is big, ingot casting phase transition temperature of the present invention between -23 DEG C~-19 DEG C,
Deviation very little, for the phase transition temperature for the ingot casting that existing conventional method obtains at -20 ± 10 DEG C, deviation is very big, critical impurities content
0.067%~0.072%, it is purer than conventional method, and porosity≤0.4% of ingot casting of the present invention, it is lower than conventional method,
High yield rate to reduce Nitinol in the loss of fusion process and the ratio of finished product riser, and passes through secondary smelting
Electromagnetic agitation purification, Nitinol ingot casting reaches low impurity state.
Application Example 4
1# electrolytic nickel 49.5kg is weighed, 0 grade of titanium sponge 44.5kg, cathode copper is respectively 6kg, weighs three groups respectively, will be every
One group is fully enclosed in the water jacketed copper crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, after evacuation (pressure is less than 0.1Pa), using logical
Electric heating, raw material, which is heated to 1300 DEG C, melts it all, technical pure calcium particle is added, and 40min is kept to refine, then pours
It infuses in round mold, takes out an ingot casting after cooling, three ingot casting both ends are cut, in an ingot casting corresponding two
End is cut into sub-buckle and female thread, and wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is on the contrary, by the head of three groups of ingot castings
Portion is marked with bottom；And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, a clean ingot casting surface of polishing is mingled with, and cleans up greasy dirt
After dried, the bottom female thread of the head sub-buckle of ingot casting after drying and another ingot casting is detained
It closes, and carries out argon gas protection Plasma Welding composition second electrode by the way of circular seam welding, then, by the bottom of a former ingot casting
Portion is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace as the top of second electrode and carries out secondary smelting, and last riser part is using normal
The feeding technology for advising titanium alloy smelting, starts feeding, feeding time about 30min as second electrode residue 40kg.
After the completion of melting, ingredient sample detection is carried out in ingot casting upper middle lower part, testing result such as table 4:
Table 4: 4 ingot casting upper middle lower part ingredient sampling inspection results of Application Example
As shown in table 4, less comprising impurity in ingot casting of the present invention, the ingot casting impurity that existing conventional method obtains is more,
The content of the application Ni element between 49.32wt.%~49.41wt.%, the content of Cu element 5.87wt.%~
Between 5.99wt.%, gap very little, comparison of ingredients is uniform, and the content for the ingot casting Ni element that existing conventional method obtains exists
Between 49.2wt.%~49.8wt.%, for the content of Cu element between 5.5wt.%~6.2wt.%, deviation is very big.The present invention
Ingot casting is welded by three groups of ingot casting fastenings, and substance is big, and ingot casting phase transition temperature of the present invention is between 64 DEG C~66 DEG C, deviation
Very little, for the phase transition temperature for the ingot casting that existing conventional method obtains at 65 ± 10 DEG C, deviation is very big, critical impurities content
0.080%~0.092%, it is purer than conventional method, and porosity≤0.5% of ingot casting of the present invention, it is lower than conventional method,
High yield rate to reduce Nitinol in the loss of fusion process and the ratio of finished product riser, and passes through secondary smelting
Electromagnetic agitation purification, Nitinol ingot casting reaches low impurity state.
Application Example 5
1# electrolytic nickel 55.8kg, 0 grade of titanium sponge 43.6kg are weighed, 85 alloy of aluminium vanadium is 0.6kg, weighs three groups respectively, will
Each group is fully enclosed in the water jacketed copper crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, after evacuation (pressure is less than 0.1Pa), uses
Electrified regulation, raw material, which is heated to 1500 DEG C, melts it all, technical pure calcium particle is added, and 50min is kept to refine, then
It is poured into round mold, takes out an ingot casting after cooling, three ingot casting both ends are cut, it is corresponding in an ingot casting
Both ends are cut into sub-buckle and female thread, and wherein sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is on the contrary, by three groups of ingot castings
Head is marked with bottom；And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, a clean ingot casting surface of polishing is mingled with, and cleans up oil
It is dried after dirt, the bottom female thread of the head sub-buckle of ingot casting after drying and another ingot casting is detained
It closes, and carries out argon gas protection Plasma Welding composition second electrode by the way of circular seam welding, then, by the bottom of a former ingot casting
Portion is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace as the top of second electrode and carries out secondary smelting, and last riser part is using normal
The feeding technology for advising titanium alloy smelting, starts feeding, feeding time about 30min as second electrode residue 40kg.
After the completion of melting, ingredient sample detection is carried out in ingot casting upper middle lower part, testing result such as table 5:
Table 5: 5 ingot casting upper middle lower part ingredient sampling inspection results of Application Example
As shown in table 5, less comprising impurity in ingot casting of the present invention, the ingot casting impurity that existing conventional method obtains is more,
The content of the application Ni element between 55.78wt.%~55.83wt.%, the content of V+Al element 0.57wt.%~
Between 0.60wt.%, gap very little, comparison of ingredients is uniform, and the content for the ingot casting Ni element that existing conventional method obtains exists
Between 55.5wt.%~56.1wt.%, for the content of V+Al element between 0.5wt.%~0.7wt.%, deviation is very big.This hair
Bright ingot casting is welded by three groups of ingot castings fastening, and substance is big, ingot casting phase transition temperature of the present invention between -15 DEG C~-12 DEG C,
Deviation very little, for the phase transition temperature for the ingot casting that existing conventional method obtains at -15 ± 10 DEG C, deviation is very big, critical impurities content
0.069%~0.077%, it is purer than conventional method, and porosity≤0.4% of ingot casting of the present invention, it is lower than conventional method,
High yield rate to reduce Nitinol in the loss of fusion process and the ratio of finished product riser, and passes through secondary smelting
Electromagnetic agitation purification, Nitinol ingot casting reaches low impurity state.
Vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting+vacuum consumable arc-melting of the present invention prepares the homogeneous Ti-Ni marmem of low gap
The advantages of big size ingot-casting is a kind of integrated innovation technology, takes full advantage of different method of smelting and equipment has been evaded different molten
Disadvantage in smelting method.The melting that the big size ingot-casting of the homogeneous Ti-Ni alloy of low gap is realized using the technology is not only that titanium nickel closes
The simple superposition measured in golden ingot casting specification, which raises the homogeneity of ingredients of low gap constituent content Ti-Ni alloy ingot, improve
The yield rate of ingot casting, reduces ingot casting porosity due to caused by micro- stomata.Therefore, Ti-Ni alloy homogeneous for low gap is big
For size ingot-casting, new technology is even more a kind of qualitative leap.
(1) with the obvious advantage compared with traditional Ti-Ni alloy method of smelting using the technology.
A, compared with vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting: the technology be able to solve titanium nickel ingot casting specification is small, yield rate is low, production effect
The problems such as rate is low.
B, compared with vacuum consumable electrode melting: vacuum consumable electrode melting is that titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel raw material is sufficiently mixed
After composite electrode, carry out melting using the consumable effect of electrode, be conducive to the Ti-Ni alloy ingot of the larger specification of melting, but titanium and
The density variation of nickel is big, and homogeneity of ingredients is poor.The technology is more more uniform than the ingredient for the ingot casting that vacuum consumable electrode melting obtains.
C, compared with vacuum consumable electrode melting+vacuum induction melting technique: the technology is without improving vacuum induction melting
The power of furnace can prepare big specification and the uniform Ti-Ni alloy ingot of ingredient, at low cost.
(2) the big specification Ti-Ni alloy ingot produced using the technology quality-advantage compared with ingot casting prepared by conventional method
Obviously.
A, ingot casting ingredient is more uniform, impurity content is lower: C and O impurity content reduces, the different ingot castings of the technology melting
Transformation temperature test show that the transformation temperature deviation of its ingot casting different location and pouring bay can be controlled in ± 8 DEG C.
B, inside ingot is finer and close, stomata is less: the ingot casting that vacuum induction melting obtains can not be kept away in casting process
Shrinkage cavity can be generated with exempting from, when pouring temperature is too low, loose or stomata can be generated in Ti-Ni alloy ingot and is existed, subsequent
In processing, since loose and stomata presence causes Ti-Ni alloy ingot cracking or plate product surface bubble occur, the technology
The porosity of the ingot casting of melting can reach≤0.4%.
Method of smelting of the present invention avoids the problem of Nitinol directly welds, and can prevent from going out during secondary smelting
Existing solder joint falls off, and causes " falling bullet " phenomenon；An ingot casting head and tail is fastened in secondary smelting cloth, spot welding at abutment joint
Used after connecing vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting carry out secondary smelting (according to an ingot shape shape can choose secondary smelting crucible for
Square is round), ingot casting riser depth is reduced using reasonable feeding technology at melting end, wherein melting once (vacuum
Melting in medium frequency induction melting furnace) reduce the segregation of nickel element in process of setting, secondary smelting can be to avoid second electrode
Disengagement causes " falling bullet " phenomenon, can be made the ingot casting of bigger specification, and since the electric arc of secondary smelting shakes stirring action
Ingot casting ingredient is more uniform, and vacuum is evacuated volatilization again reduces carbon and oxygen in melt.
Ingot casting ingredient of the present invention is more uniform, impurity content is lower, and carbon and oxygen impurities content reduce, and melting of the present invention is not
Transformation temperature test with ingot casting shows that the transformation temperature deviation of its ingot casting different location and pouring bay can be controlled in ± 8 DEG C, in ingot casting
Portion is finer and close, stomata is less: the ingot casting that vacuum induction melting furnace obtains inevitably results from shrinkage cavity in casting process,
When pouring temperature is too low, loose or stomata can be generated in Ti-Ni alloy ingot and is existed, during subsequent processing, due to loose
Presence with stomata causes Ti-Ni alloy ingot cracking or plate product surface bubble, the hole of the ingot casting of melting of the present invention occur
Rate can reach≤0.4%.
The present invention produces NiTi by vacuum medium frequency induction furnace melting+vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace melting manufacturing method
Alloy cast ingot, the general smelting equipment used, industrial production practicability is very strong, and the ingot casting homogeneity of ingredients of institute's output it is good,
At low cost, high-efficient, high yield rate, there are also the processing that square ingot casting facilitates plate product, can save process, improve plate and add
Work yield rate and reduction totle drilling cost.
The preferred embodiment for the present invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementations
Mode within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be without departing from the purpose of the present invention
It makes a variety of changes.
Many other changes and remodeling can be made by not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.It should be appreciated that the present invention is not
It is limited to specific embodiment, the scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy, which comprises the following steps:
For step 1) precise by examining qualified raw material, chinese raw materials is titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel；
Step 2 is fitted into accurate raw material are weighed in the cold-crucible of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace, be heated to 1250 DEG C~
Between 1700 DEG C, melted after keep 25min~60min refined, be then poured into mold, removed from mold as
Ingot casting；
Step 3) cuts an ingot casting both ends in step 2, then multiple ingot castings are welded to form secondary electricity end to end
Pole；
Second electrode is put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace and carries out secondary smelting by step 4), is finally mended in melting
Contracting, obtains the big size ingot-casting in the ultralow gap of niti-shaped memorial alloy after taking-up.
2. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the step 1) chinese raw materials further includes other addition element, wherein other addition element be chromium, cobalt, copper, vanadium, aluminium,
One or more of iron, molybdenum, niobium element, the titanium sponge are 0 grade of titanium sponge, and the electrolytic nickel is 1# electrolytic nickel, wherein 0 grade
The weight percent of titanium sponge be 43.0wt.% ~ 45.5wt.%, wherein the weight percent of 1# electrolytic nickel be 54.5wt.% ~
57.0wt.%, the weight percent of other elements are 0.1wt.%~6.0wt.%.
3. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the cavity shape of mold is cuboid or cylindrical body in the step 2, wherein the shape of an ingot casting is cuboid
Or cylindrical body, the size of ingot casting of cuboid is 200 × 60 × 1000mm, and the size of ingot casting of cylindrical body is
Φ320×1000mm。
4. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the voltage of vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace is 100V ~ 600V in the step 2, and electric current is 100A ~ 400A, when heating
Between be 15min ~ 50min；In a vacuum in frequency induction melting furnace fusion process, titanium sponge and electrolytic nickel are completely melt into molten metal
After body, start to vacuumize refinery by de-gassing, be 50A ~ 250A in electric current, voltage adjusts output power between 50V ~ 300V, passes through
After 25min ~ 50min, vacuum is maintained at 2Pa hereinafter, pouring out the molten metal in crucible, melts after casting complete to vacuum intermediate-frequency induction
Applying argon gas to pressure is 0.04MPa ~ 0.08MPa in furnace, is come out of the stove after cooling 50min ~ 60min.
5. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the cold-crucible in the step 2 is water jacketed copper crucible, will weigh accurate raw material and is packed into vacuum intermediate-frequency induction
It in the water jacketed copper crucible of smelting furnace, is heated between 1250 DEG C~1700 DEG C, deoxidier is added, then keep 25min~60min
It is refined.
6. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 5, special
Sign is: the deoxidier is technical pure calcium particle.
7. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 1, special
Sign is, the step 3) the following steps are included:
Step 3-1) an ingot casting both ends are cut after, be cut into sub-buckle and female thread in an ingot casting opposite ends,
Middle sub-buckle is identical with female thread shape, but opening direction is opposite；
Step 3-2) head of multiple ingot castings is marked with bottom；And an ingot casting surface dross is cut off, polishing is dry
A net ingot casting surface is mingled with, and is dried after cleaning up greasy dirt；
Step 3-3) the bottom female thread of the head sub-buckle of ingot casting after drying and another ingot casting is detained
It closes, and carries out argon gas protection Plasma Welding composition second electrode by the way of circular seam welding；
Step 3-4) using the bottom of a former ingot casting as the top of second electrode be put into vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace into
Row secondary smelting.
8. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 7, special
Sign is that the sub-buckle and female thread shape are " " type structure, wherein " " type structure sub-buckle and the long side length of female thread are 80mm
Or 133mm.
9. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 1, special
Sign is, starts feeding, feeding time about 30min in the step 4) when second electrode residue 40kg.
10. the big size ingot-casting method of smelting in the ultralow gap of a kind of niti-shaped memorial alloy according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the electrode size of vacuum self-consumption electrode arc melting furnace is 320 × 2180mm of Φ in the step 4), and crucible size is
Φ 360mm, vacuum degree≤3.5 × 10-2Pa, voltage 32V, electric current are 5.0KA~6.0KA.
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