CN109349189B - Sea wave driven automatic shellfish feeding and breeding device and method - Google Patents
Sea wave driven automatic shellfish feeding and breeding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109349189B CN109349189B CN201811423028.0A CN201811423028A CN109349189B CN 109349189 B CN109349189 B CN 109349189B CN 201811423028 A CN201811423028 A CN 201811423028A CN 109349189 B CN109349189 B CN 109349189B
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- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003902 seawater pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seashell automatic feeding and cultivating device driven by sea waves and a cultivating method, wherein the device comprises a bait cultivating buoyancy tank, a common buoyancy tank and cultivating net cages, wherein the common buoyancy tank is arranged on two sides of a box body of the bait cultivating buoyancy tank; the lower part of the common buoyancy tank is hung with the aquaculture net cage; the top of the box body of the bait cultivating floating box is provided with a light-transmitting protective net, the interior of the box is divided into 3 areas by partition plates, the middle area is a main cultivating chamber, and the areas on the two sides are feeding chambers; the main cultivation room bottom is equipped with the filter screen that permeates water that bait can't pass through, the filter screen that permeates water extends to throw the feeding room bottom, throw the feeding room bottom and still be equipped with one-way through-door, through the pipeline with breed the net cage and link to each other. Compared with a land cultivation mode, the energy consumption is reduced, the shellfish cultivation process is simplified, the illumination is sufficient and adjustable, the density requirement of cultivation is reduced by continuous feeding driven by sea waves, and the pollution to seawater is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine product culture, and particularly relates to a seashell automatic feeding culture device driven by sea waves and a culture method.
Background
The floating raft and net cage culture is one of the main modes of shellfish culture, the whole culture process needs to be transported to a related sea area for further culture after a series of procedures of parent shellfish selection, storage, spawning, hatching, larva culture, attaching medium putting, young shellfish temporary culture in a pool, young shellfish (intermediate) culture and the like, and the floating raft type hanging culture is the main mode of shellfish production for the sea area with the water temperature condition suitable for shellfish growth and development and without the substrate condition suitable for bottom sowing proliferation. The floating raft type hanging culture is that the shellfish seedlings are arranged in a proper container according to a certain density and hung on a floating raft arranged on the sea according to a certain distance and a proper water layer for culture.
However, with the continuous expansion of shellfish culture area, the continuous increase of buoyant raft density, the imbalance of shallow sea ecological environment and other factors, the mortality rate of shellfish culture in net cages tends to be continuously improved, and economic losses are caused to related culture enterprises. In addition, the existing buoyant raft net cage culture has the defects of complex and complicated flow, rough manual operation, strong dependence on the environment of algae in seawater and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the seashell automatic feeding and cultivating device driven by sea waves and the cultivating method, which solve the water quality problem of the young seashell, reduce the energy consumption compared with a land cultivating mode, simplify the seashell cultivating process, ensure sufficient and adjustable illumination, reduce the density requirement of cultivation by the continuous feeding driven by the sea waves, reduce the pollution to the sea water, improve the cultivating density, accelerate the cultivating speed and reduce the cultivating risk caused by the density change of algae in the sea water compared with a cultivating mode which only utilizes the microalgae in the sea water without feeding.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a seawave-driven automatic shellfish feeding and cultivating device comprises a bait cultivating buoyancy tank, a common buoyancy tank and cultivating net cages, wherein the common buoyancy tank is arranged on two sides of a box body of the bait cultivating buoyancy tank; the lower part of the common buoyancy tank is hung with the aquaculture net cage;
the top of the box body of the bait cultivating floating box is provided with a light-transmitting protective net, the interior of the box is divided into 3 areas by partition plates, the middle area is a main cultivating chamber, and the areas on the two sides are feeding chambers; the main cultivation room bottom is equipped with the filter screen that permeates water that bait can't pass through, the filter screen that permeates water extends to throw the feeding room bottom, throw the feeding room bottom and still be equipped with one-way through-door, through the pipeline with breed the net cage and link to each other.
Preferably, the tube is a soft rubber tube.
Preferably, the box body materials of the bait cultivating buoyancy box and the common buoyancy box are light materials.
The sea wave driving feeding breeding method based on the device comprises the following steps:
step 1) shellfish juvenile stage: bait cultured on land is filled into a bait culturing buoyancy tank and continuously proliferated in the main culturing room; locking the one-way pass gate, and putting the young shellfish into a feeding room; the bait cultivating floating box floats and shakes up and down along with sea waves, and the bait of the main cultivating chamber continuously enters the feeding chamber after crossing the partition plate; fresh seawater enters the cultivation buoyancy tank along with the up-and-down floating of the tank body, water is changed in real time, juvenile mollusk excrement enters the seawater below the buoyancy tank through the water-permeable filter screen at the bottom of the feeding chamber and then enters the main cultivation chamber through the water-permeable filter screen at the bottom of the main cultivation chamber, or directly enters the main cultivation chamber along with sea waves passing through the partition plate;
step 2) shellfish culture stage: unlocking the one-way through door, and allowing the juvenile mollusks to enter the culture net cage along with seawater; when the bait cultivating floating box floats upwards, the one-way through door is opened at the moment according to the water flow and gravity direction, and the bait enters the cultivating net cage along with seawater from the feeding room; when the cultivation floating box sinks, the water flow direction is opposite, the one-way passing door is driven to be closed, and the bait is prevented from flowing back to enter the cultivation box; shellfish excrement enters the surrounding seawater through meshes of the culture net cage;
step 3) auxiliary feed or medicament feeding: when auxiliary feed or medicament is required to be added, the light-transmitting protective net at the top of the buoyancy tank is opened, or the auxiliary feed or medicament is poured into the feeding room through the protective net directly; auxiliary feed or medicament automatically and continuously enters the aquaculture net cage through the pipeline.
Preferably, the bait is algae.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the sea wave drives the water change, solves the water quality problem of the young shellfish, reduces the energy consumption and reduces the working procedures compared with the land cultivation mode.
(2) The illumination is sufficient and adjustable: the cultivation floating box is directly arranged on the sea surface, is not shielded by buildings and has sufficient illumination; the light-transmitting protective net at the top of the cultivation floating box can adjust the mesh size according to seasons and algae growth requirements, and the illumination intensity of high-density algae cultivation is ensured.
(3) Sea wave driving to adjust the density of algae: although the density of the seaweed in the main cultivation room is high and the seaweed is continuously proliferated, the microalgae cultivation box body floats up and down along with the waves and shakes, the seaweed in the main cultivation room crosses the partition plate and continuously enters the feeding room, and the height of the partition plate can be adjusted according to the proliferation speed of the seaweed and the feeding requirement.
(4) The wave drives and throws the feed automatically.
(5) The requirement of reducing the cultivation density by continuous feeding is as follows: compared with an intermittent feeding mode, the continuous feeding mode greatly reduces the requirement on the density of fed algae, and the marine culture floating box with simple structure and low cost can meet the feeding quantity requirement.
(6) The bait utilization rate is improved by continuous feeding: the shellfish culture net cage is directly communicated with seawater, a large amount of shellfish is fed intermittently, the feeding speed of the shellfish is lower than the feeding speed, and a large amount of seaweed flows into the surrounding seawater to cause waste. A small amount of feed is continuously fed, and the bait utilization rate is greatly improved.
(7) Reducing the pollution to seawater: the cultivation of the microalgae can reduce the risk of seawater eutrophication caused by the excrement of the high-density cultured shellfish; and a small amount of feed is continuously fed, so that the bait utilization rate is greatly improved, and the risk of seawater pollution caused by feed feeding is reduced.
(8) The continuous feeding can provide auxiliary feed or medicament according to the requirement.
(9) Simplifying shellfish culture procedures: the young shellfish is directly transported to the offshore culture platform, and the shellfish culture process is simplified.
(10) The shellfish culture and the microalgae culture are mutually promoted: the shellfish excrement provides organic fertilizer for the microalgae; the photosynthesis of the microalgae provides oxygen for the young shellfish, and the respiration of the young shellfish provides carbon dioxide for the microalgae.
(11) Compared with a culture mode which does not use feeding and only uses the seawater microalgae, the culture density is improved, the culture speed is accelerated, and the risk of culture caused by the density change of the seawater microalgae is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automatic shellfish feeding and cultivating device driven by sea waves;
fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the bait cultivating buoyancy tank.
In the figure: 1. a bait cultivating floating box; 2. a common buoyancy tank; 3. a culture net cage; 4. a light-transmitting protective net; 5. a partition plate; 6. a main culture chamber; 7. a feeding room; 8. a one-way pass gate; 9. a water-permeable filter screen; 10. a pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1
A seawave-driven automatic shellfish feeding and cultivating device is shown in figure 1 and comprises a bait cultivating floating box 1, a common floating box 2 and a cultivating net cage 3, wherein the common floating box 2 is arranged on two sides of a box body of the bait cultivating floating box 1; the lower part of the common buoyancy tank 2 is hung with the aquaculture net cage 3.
As shown in fig. 2, a transparent protective net 4 is arranged at the top of the box body of the bait cultivating floating box 1, the box interior is divided into 3 areas by partitions 5, the middle area is a main cultivating chamber 6, and the two side areas are feeding chambers 7; the bottom of the main culture room 6 is provided with a water-permeable filter screen 9 through which bait can not pass, the water-permeable filter screen 9 extends to the bottom of the feeding room 6, the bottom of the feeding room 6 is also provided with a one-way through door 8, and the one-way through door is connected with the culture net cage 3 through a pipeline 10.
The pipeline 10 is a soft rubber pipeline, and the box body materials of the bait cultivating floating box 1 and the common floating box 2 are light materials, such as polystyrene materials.
The light-transmitting protective net 4 can adjust the mesh size according to the season and the algae growth requirements, and the illumination intensity of high-density algae cultivation is ensured.
Example 2
A sea wave driving feeding culture method based on the device in the embodiment 1 takes scallops as an example and adopts microalgae as bait, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the young scallop stage:
the bait for cultivating the microalgae on land is transported to the marine cultivation device, and is put into a bait cultivation buoyancy tank to be continuously multiplied in the main cultivation room.
The one-way pass gate is locked, the young scallops which are grown mature and picked on the land are directly transported to the marine culture device without post-treatment and put into a feeding room.
The bait cultivating floating box floats and shakes up and down along with waves, and the seaweed in the main cultivating chamber passes through the partition plate and continuously enters the feeding chamber to provide bait for the juvenile mollusks. The height of the clapboard is adjusted according to the multiplication speed of the seaweed and the feeding requirement.
Along with the up-and-down floating of the waves, fresh seawater enters the bait culture buoyancy tank along with the up-and-down floating of the tank body, water is changed in real time, and the problem of water quality caused by the excrement of the juvenile mollusks is solved.
Along with the up-and-down floating of waves, the excrement of the young shellfish enters the seawater below the buoyancy tank through the water-permeable filter screen at the bottom of the feeding chamber and then enters the main culture chamber through the water-permeable filter screen at the bottom of the main culture chamber or continuously enters the main culture chamber through crossing the partition plate, so that organic fertilizer is provided for the microalgae.
The photosynthesis of the microalgae provides oxygen for the young shellfish, and the respiration of the young shellfish provides carbon dioxide for the microalgae.
(2) Scallop cultivation stage:
unlocking the one-way pass gate, and allowing the juvenile mollusks to enter the aquaculture net cage along with seawater and enter the next stage for culture.
When the bait cultivating floating box floats upwards, the one-way passing door is opened at the moment according to the water flow and gravity direction, and the seaweed enters the cultivating net cage along with seawater from the feeding room; when the cultivation floating box sinks, the water flow direction is opposite, the one-way passing door is driven to be closed, and the seaweed is prevented from flowing back to enter the cultivation box. Through adjusting the height of the partition plate and the size and other parameters of the one-way passing gate, the seaweeds automatically enter the culture net cage uninterruptedly through the soft connecting pipeline to provide bait for the scallops.
The scallop excrement enters the surrounding seawater through the meshes of the culture net cage to provide organic fertilizer for the microalgae.
The photosynthesis of the microalgae provides oxygen for the scallops, and the respiration of the scallops provides carbon dioxide for the microalgae.
(3) Feeding auxiliary feed or medicament:
when auxiliary feed or related medicaments need to be added, the light-transmitting protective net at the top of the bait cultivating floating box is opened, or the protective net directly penetrates through the light-transmitting protective net, and the auxiliary feed or the medicaments are poured into the feeding room. Auxiliary feed or medicament automatically slowly and continuously enters the aquaculture net cage through the soft connecting pipeline, so that the utilization rate of the auxiliary feed or medicament is increased.
Claims (1)
1. A seawave-driven automatic shellfish feeding and cultivating method based on a seawave-driven automatic shellfish feeding and cultivating device is characterized in that the seawave-driven automatic shellfish feeding and cultivating device comprises a bait cultivating buoyancy tank, a common buoyancy tank and a cultivating net cage, wherein the common buoyancy tank is arranged on two sides of a box body of the bait cultivating buoyancy tank; the lower part of the common buoyancy tank is hung with the aquaculture net cage;
the top of the box body of the bait cultivating floating box is provided with a light-transmitting protective net, the interior of the bait cultivating floating box is divided into 3 areas by partition plates, the middle area is a main cultivating chamber, and the areas on the two sides are feeding chambers; the bottom of the main culture chamber is provided with a water-permeable filter screen through which bait can not pass, the water-permeable filter screen extends to the bottom of the feeding chamber, and the bottom of the feeding chamber is also provided with a one-way through door which is connected with the culture net cage through a pipeline; wherein the bait is algae;
the automatic shellfish feeding and breeding method driven by sea waves comprises the following steps:
step 1) shellfish juvenile stage: bait cultured on land is filled into a bait culturing buoyancy tank and continuously proliferated in the main culturing room; locking the one-way pass gate, and putting the young shellfish into a feeding room; the bait cultivating floating box floats and shakes up and down along with sea waves, and the bait of the main cultivating chamber continuously enters the feeding chamber after crossing the partition plate; fresh seawater enters the bait culture buoyancy tank along with the up-and-down floating of the tank body, water is changed in real time, and juvenile mollusk excrement enters the seawater below the bait culture buoyancy tank through the water-permeable filter screen at the bottom of the feeding chamber and then enters the main culture chamber through the water-permeable filter screen at the bottom of the main culture chamber, or directly enters the main culture chamber along with sea waves passing through the partition plate;
step 2) shellfish culture stage: unlocking the one-way through door, and allowing the juvenile mollusks to enter the culture net cage along with seawater; when the bait cultivating floating box floats upwards, the one-way through door is opened at the moment according to the water flow and gravity direction, and the bait enters the cultivating net cage along with seawater from the feeding room; when the bait cultivating floating box sinks, the water flow direction is opposite, the one-way through door is driven to be closed, and the bait is prevented from flowing back to enter the bait cultivating floating box; shellfish excrement enters the surrounding seawater through meshes of the culture net cage;
step 3) auxiliary feed or medicament feeding: when auxiliary feed or medicament is required to be added, the light-transmitting protective net at the top of the bait cultivating buoyancy tank is opened, or the auxiliary feed or medicament is poured into the feeding room through the light-transmitting protective net directly; auxiliary feed or medicament automatically and continuously enters the aquaculture net cage through the pipeline.
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| CN110269019A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-24 | 湖南文理学院 | A kind of batch production water pearl culture method |
| CN110521650B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-07-06 | 浙江海洋大学 | Multifunctional cultivation net cage |
| CN110771545B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-09-28 | 浙江海洋大学 | Automatic oxygen suppliment and breed box with a net of changing water |
| CN112314496A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-05 | 舟山君耀科技发展有限公司 | Aquaculture device utilizing wave energy |
| CN113100147B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-12-13 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Ecological shellfish culture pond and culture method thereof |
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| CN202112159U (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-01-18 | 连建华 | Snorkeling type holothurian culture net cage |
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