CN109347529A - A kind of channel estimation and mixed-beam manufacturing process for fighting the undesirable property of phase-shifter - Google Patents
A kind of channel estimation and mixed-beam manufacturing process for fighting the undesirable property of phase-shifter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109347529A CN109347529A CN201811249796.9A CN201811249796A CN109347529A CN 109347529 A CN109347529 A CN 109347529A CN 201811249796 A CN201811249796 A CN 201811249796A CN 109347529 A CN109347529 A CN 109347529A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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Abstract
The invention discloses the channel estimations and mixed-beam manufacturing process of a kind of confrontation undesirable property of phase-shifter applied to millimetre-wave attenuator, it is characterized in including: 1, carries out down channel estimation using discrete Fourier transform DFT interpolation Jacobsen algorithmic method, substantially reduces trained expense and computation complexity；2, down mixing Precoding Design is carried out based on down channel estimated information, fights the undesirable property of phase-shifter；3, by compromising in performance and training expense, the accuracy of channel estimation method is further increased.For that can be solved under very low training expense and computation complexity using the present invention since there are precoding performance loss problems caused by phase displacement error and gain error for phase-shifter, so that user be greatly improved up to data rate in the forming of millimeter wave mixed-beam.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the following 5G millimeter wave large-scale antenna array fields of communication technology, and in particular to confrontation phase-shifter is not
The method of channel estimation and the mixed-beam forming of desirability.
Background technique
The following 5G communication needs bigger bandwidth, higher data rate and spectrum efficiency.Millimeter wave frequency band possesses huge
Unlicensed spectrum resource, it is considered to be 5G communication in very promising selection；Large-scale antenna array technology can lead to simultaneously
It crosses and obtains higher antenna gain to resist path loss；In addition, in order to save hardware cost and power loss, mixed-beam forms skill
Art obtains extensive concern.Mixed-beam forming technique is divided into analog domain beam forming and numeric field beam forming.Analog domain wave beam
Forming most cases are realized by phase-shifter network.But since technological level limits, there may be accidentally for the setting of phase-shifter
Difference, such as phase displacement error or gain error, so that beam forming effect is deteriorated, user's achievable rate is reduced.
For multi-user's situation, forefathers propose many mixed-beam manufacturing process, including: " Electrical and Electronic engineering
Shi Xiehui wirelessly communicates journal " (in December, 2016 publish the phase page 7258-7271 of volume 15 11) propose pass through compressed sensing technology
Estimating channel information, and singular value (SVD) is carried out for channel matrix and decomposes the method for obtaining pre-coding matrix；And it is " electrical
Domain periodical is selected with Electronic Engineering Association communication " proposition of (in June, 2017 publish 1576-1590 page of phase of volume 35 7) article passes through
Wave beam training, the method to obtain analog domain pre-coding matrix.But these methods are larger in the presence of training expense, calculate complicated
Higher disadvantage is spent, so be mostly that complicated channel estimation or wave beam training process are completed in uplink using channel reciprocity,
Inferior obliqued overaction is designed with this again.But in fact, the presence of many factors is waited since inphase quadrature is unbalance, rf chain is upper
Downlink is unsatisfactory for reciprocity, so if can pass through a kind of low complex degree, the down channel estimation side of low trained expense
Method, carries out the design of down mixing beam forming, while solving the problems, such as due to the imperfect bring reduced performance of phase-shifter, is solution
The certainly meaningful research direction with prospect of the application of this respect problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of channel estimations of confrontation undesirable property of phase-shifter applied to millimetre-wave attenuator
With mixed-beam manufacturing process, the achievable rate of user is improved by comparing low training expense and computation complexity, and
Fight the undesirable property of phase-shifter.
The present invention is applied to channel estimation and the mixed-beam forming side of the confrontation undesirable property of phase-shifter of millimetre-wave attenuator
Method, application scenarios are as follows: a base station and K user carry out downlink communication simultaneously；The antenna of base station has NBSRoot, rf chain number are
K, user side equipment antenna have NUERoot, rf chain number are one；There is base station end the original signal s of K × 1 to send to user,
Mix pre-coding matrix are as follows: F=FRFFBB, wherein FRFFor NBS× K ties up analog domain pre-coding matrix, FBBIt is pre- for K × K dimension word domain
Encoder matrix；Analog domain pre-coding matrix is made of phase-shifter network, and element meets amplitude limitation, pre-coding matrix each element table
It is shown asThere are phase displacement error δ and gain error α for phase-shifter；Characterized by the following steps:
The first step leaves angular estimation by discrete Fourier transform (DFT) interpolation Jacobsen algorithm progress downlink:
Base station end sends pilot matrixAnalog domain pre-coding matrix are as follows:Its
In, UK×KIt is K × K dimension DFT matrix；K-th of subscriber channel matrix uses Rice channel modelWhereinTo look at diameter channel straight,To scatter diameter channel；Each user is only connect with an omnidirectional antenna
It receives, then the signal that k-th of user receives are as follows:
In user terminal, down channel direct-view diameter is carried out with DFT interpolation method and leaves angular estimation: in ykIn to find out modulus value maximumAnd it finds two and closes on valueWithEstimated using the angle of leaving that Jacobsen algorithm carries out straight length
Meter, estimated value are as follows:
Second step, feeding back downlink leave angle, carry out analog domain Precoding Design:
The angle of leaving for the straight length that each user estimates is fed back to base station end, base station end designs k-th corresponding
The analog domain precoding vector of user are as follows:Wherein Q
() is the quantization for angle in bracket；The design simulation domain beam forming vector in such a way that receiving end is trained using wave beam；
Third step, estimation downlink equivalent channel:
Pilot tone is sent from base station to user againAnd using designed analog domain precoding square in second step
Battle array, in user terminal for equivalent channelEstimated, obtains estimation equivalent channel
4th step, feeding back downlink equivalent channel carry out numeric field pre-coding matrix design:
The estimation equivalent channel that estimation is obtainedBase station end is fed back, numeric field pre-coding matrix is designed:
Thus mixing pre-coding matrix F=F is obtainedRFFBB。
In aforementioned present invention technical method, the discrete Fourier transform DFT interpolation Jacobsen algorithm of use is more in channel
Better performances when diameter number is less, direct-view diameter energy is strong more than scattering diameter；
When multipath number increases, the channel estimation methods that can be compromised using a kind of performance and training expense are mentioned
DFT sequence length in high DFT interpolation algorithm, at this point it is possible to using P cycle of training, total analog domain precoding of use
Matrix are as follows:In p-th of cycle of training, using FRF,P(p-1) K+1 to pth K column conduct
Analog domain pre-coding matrix, last DFT sequence length are PK.This way can when multipath number is more being obviously improved property
Energy.
Compared with the prior art, since the method for the present invention is directly to obtain down channel direct-view diameter with DFT interpolation algorithm
Angle is left, and with this design simulation domain pre-coding matrix, it is very high complete that progress complexity had not both been needed using the method for the present invention
Channel information estimation also avoids the height training expense of wave beam training, and advantageous effects are embodied in:
1, it can fight due to the imperfect bring performance loss of phase-shifter: need to carry out channel estimation, and to channel
It carries out singular value decomposition to obtain in the art methods of pre-coding matrix, due to lacking estimating for information imperfect for phase-shifter
Meter and calibration, can generate very big performance loss；And in the methods of the invention, due to take for comprising including rf chain etc.
Effect channel is estimated, by compensating in numeric field precoding for phase-shifter imperfection, so that retention property is not
Drop；
2, can reduce trained expense: in wave beam training method, analog domain precoding codebook number needs and antenna base
This maintains an equal level, and expense is trained to be equal to codebook number；And in the method for the present invention, in the case where channel looks at the stronger situation of diameter straight, it is only necessary to use
Amount trains time slot, greatly reduces trained expense；Since training expense is low, computation complexity is low, using the method for the present invention
Down channel estimation may be implemented, thus avoid channel reciprocity and be unsatisfactory for and bring performance loss, also avoid calibrating
Additional hardware resources needed for channel reciprocity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to be estimated under different channels multipath number and Lay this coefficient using the method for the present invention and use compressed sensing technology
Channel information is counted, singular value (SVD) is carried out for channel matrix and decomposes the method for obtaining pre-coding matrix；And it is instructed by wave beam
Practice, come obtain analog domain pre-coding matrix method Contrast on effect.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment is applied to the channel estimation and mixed-beam forming of the confrontation undesirable property of phase-shifter of millimetre-wave attenuator
Method comprises the following processes: base station end to user send training sequence, user side application discrete Fourier transform interpolation method into
Row downlink leaves angle angle estimation.Angle angle design analog domain precoding is left according to what is fed back in base station later.Using setting
The analog domain pre-coding matrix counted, base station end send pilot tone to user again, and user terminal estimates equivalent channel.Finally, base station
End group designs the precoding of force zero numeric field in the equivalent channels information of user feedback.
The present invention is applied to channel estimation and the mixed-beam forming side of the confrontation undesirable property of phase-shifter of millimetre-wave attenuator
One specific embodiment of method carries out as follows:
One base station and K user carry out downlink communication simultaneously；The antenna of base station has NBSRoot, rf chain number are K, user side
Device antenna has NUERoot, rf chain number are one；There is base station end the original signal s of K × 1 to send to user, and mixing prelists
Code matrix are as follows: F=FRFFBB, wherein FRFFor NBS× K ties up analog domain pre-coding matrix, FBBFor K × K dimension word domain precoding square
Battle array；Analog domain pre-coding matrix is made of phase-shifter network, and element meets amplitude limitation, and pre-coding matrix each element is expressed asThere are phase displacement error δ and gain error α for phase-shifter；Including following operating procedure:
The first step leaves angular estimation by discrete Fourier transform (DFT) interpolation Jacobsen algorithm progress downlink:
Base station end sends pilot matrixAnalog domain pre-coding matrix are as follows:Its
In, UK×KIt is K × K dimension DFT matrix；K-th of subscriber channel matrix uses Rice channel modelWhereinTo look at diameter channel straight,To scatter diameter channel；Each user is only connect with an omnidirectional antenna
It receives, then the signal that k-th of user receives are as follows:
In user terminal, down channel direct-view diameter is carried out with DFT interpolation method and leaves angular estimation: in ykIn to find out modulus value maximumAnd it finds two and closes on valueWithEstimated using the angle of leaving that Jacobsen algorithm carries out straight length
Meter, estimated value are as follows:
Second step, feeding back downlink leave angle, carry out analog domain Precoding Design:
The angle of leaving for the straight length that each user estimates is fed back to base station end, base station end designs k-th corresponding
The analog domain precoding vector of user are as follows:Wherein Q
() is the quantization for angle in bracket；The design simulation domain beam forming vector in such a way that receiving end is trained using wave beam；
Third step, estimation downlink equivalent channel:
Pilot tone is sent from base station to user againAnd using designed analog domain precoding square in second step
Battle array, in user terminal for equivalent channelEstimated, obtains estimation equivalent channel
4th step, feeding back downlink equivalent channel carry out numeric field pre-coding matrix design:
The estimation equivalent channel that estimation is obtainedBase station end is fed back, numeric field pre-coding matrix is designed:
Thus mixing pre-coding matrix F=F is obtainedRFFBB。
The total achievable rate of system that the mixed-beam manufacturing process of aforementioned present invention can achieve can be by 1 table of analogous diagram
Reveal and.Wherein about the setting of simulation parameter: NBS=128, NUE=4, K=16, signal-to-noise ratio are fixed on 15dB, each user
Channel multi-path number be fixed as 4.The comparison of three kinds of different analog domain precodings is introduced in analogous diagram: being used in base station end
Perfect channel information, carries out channel matrix singular value decomposition, and singular value vector corresponding for maximum singular value carries out phase
It extracts and quantifies, carry out design simulation domain pre-coding matrix；Uplink beam training is carried out for each user, concentrates and chooses in code book
Optimal vector is combined into analog domain pre-coding matrix；And analog domain method for precoding proposed by the present invention, including use 2
It is a, 8 cycles of training.Numeric field is all made of the force zero precoding based on equivalent channel, only, is decomposed based on channel singular value
It is not required to be estimated it is known that equivalent channel directly can be acquired in base station end due to channel information in method, and other two methods
It is both needed to carry out equivalent channel estimation.Using the optimal method for precoding in the case of perfect phase-shifter and channel information as performance measure
Standard.Fig. 1 abscissa is this coefficient (unit dB) of channel Lay, and ordinate is total achievable rate, is illustrated using the present invention
Performance simulation figure of the method under different channels multipath number and Lay this coefficient, and the comparison with other methods, wherein stationary phase
The root-mean-square value of shift error is 0.1rad, and the root-mean-square value of gain error is 1dB.From figure 1 it appears that being based on channel singular
Value decomposition, it is not worst to the method performance that equivalent channel is estimated；What method proposed by the present invention and every user wave beam were trained
Method is compared, and performance maintains an equal level when using 2 cycles of training, more excellent using performance after 8 cycles of training；Side proposed by the present invention
Method is that can reach the performance to maintain an equal level with every user wave beam training method using only 1/4 training expense.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of channel estimation and mixed-beam manufacturing process of the confrontation undesirable property of phase-shifter applied to millimetre-wave attenuator,
Application scenarios an are as follows: base station and K user carry out downlink communication simultaneously；The antenna of base station has NBSRoot, rf chain number are K, are used
Family side apparatus antenna has NUERoot, rf chain number are one；There is base station end the original signal s of K × 1 to send to user, mix
Pre-coding matrix are as follows: F=FRFFBB, wherein FRFFor NBS× K ties up analog domain pre-coding matrix, FBBFor the domain precoding of K × K dimension word
Matrix；Analog domain pre-coding matrix is made of phase-shifter network, and element meets amplitude limitation, and pre-coding matrix each element is expressed asThere are phase displacement error δ and gain error α for phase-shifter；Characterized by the following steps:
The first step leaves angular estimation by discrete Fourier transform DFT interpolation Jacobsen algorithm progress downlink:
Base station end sends pilot matrixAnalog domain pre-coding matrix are as follows:Wherein, UK×K
It is K × K dimension DFT matrix；K-th of subscriber channel matrix uses Rice channel modelIts
InTo look at diameter channel straight,To scatter diameter channel；Each user is only connect with an omnidirectional antenna
It receives, then the signal that k-th of user receives are as follows:
In user terminal, down channel direct-view diameter is carried out with DFT interpolation method and leaves angular estimation: in ykIn to find out modulus value maximumAnd it finds two and closes on valueWithEstimated using the angle of leaving that Jacobsen algorithm carries out straight length
Meter, estimated value are as follows:
Second step, feeding back downlink leave angle, carry out analog domain Precoding Design:
The angle of leaving for the straight length that each user estimates is fed back to base station end, base station end, which designs, corresponds to k-th of user
Analog domain precoding vector are as follows:Wherein Q () is
Quantization for angle in bracket；The design simulation domain beam forming vector in such a way that receiving end is trained using wave beam；
Third step, estimation downlink equivalent channel:
Pilot tone is sent from base station to user againAnd designed analog domain pre-coding matrix in second step is used,
In user terminal for equivalent channelEstimated, obtains estimation equivalent channel
4th step, feeding back downlink equivalent channel carry out numeric field pre-coding matrix design:
The estimation equivalent channel that estimation is obtainedBase station end is fed back, numeric field pre-coding matrix is designed:
Thus mixing pre-coding matrix F=F is obtainedRFFBB。
2. the channel estimation and mixed-beam applied to the confrontation undesirable property of phase-shifter of millimetre-wave attenuator as described in claim 1
Manufacturing process is characterized in that: the discrete Fourier transform DFT interpolation Jacobsen algorithm, when multipath number increases, using mentioning
The method of DFT sequence length in high DFT interpolation algorithm improves estimated accuracy, use P cycle of training at this time, use always
Analog domain pre-coding matrix are as follows:In p-th of cycle of training, using FRF,P(p-1) K+1
It is used as analog domain pre-coding matrix to pth K column, last DFT sequence length is PK.
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| CN110401476A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-01 | 东南大学 | A kind of codebook-based millimetre-wave attenuator multi-user parallel beam training method |
| CN111866938A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-10-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for reporting measurement |
| CN111988070A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | Shared amplitude weighting analog beam forming method applied to millimeter wave communication |
| CN113193890A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Channel estimation method based on opportunistic beamforming |
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