CN109347127B - Energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with regional power supply line faults - Google Patents

Energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with regional power supply line faults Download PDF

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CN109347127B
CN109347127B CN201811262139.8A CN201811262139A CN109347127B CN 109347127 B CN109347127 B CN 109347127B CN 201811262139 A CN201811262139 A CN 201811262139A CN 109347127 B CN109347127 B CN 109347127B
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power
energy storage
battery
load
fault
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CN109347127A (en
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文劲宇
周博
李铁
陈晓东
何晓洋
李琼慧
王彩霞
艾小猛
姚伟
姜枫
崔岱
潘鹏飞
黄佳伟
张彤
李昂
李蔚
肖黎丽
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
State Grid Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
State Grid Energy Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with regional power supply line faults, which comprises the steps of firstly collecting parameters of elements of a researched power system and economic and technical indexes of common energy storage, secondly determining regional power grid line faults and a power supply recovery process, then establishing a power system operation and energy storage configuration model considering response time of a power generation unit and important load power supply demand indexes, then taking the total investment cost of composite energy storage, the expected operation punishment after regional power supply line faults in the whole life cycle of energy storage and the weighted sum of the operation cost as a configuration target, and finally solving the model to obtain an energy storage configuration scheme. The method can comprehensively utilize the characteristics of different types of energy storage, deal with the problems of power flow out-of-limit and power supply requirement which may occur after the fault of the power transmission line with the minimum composite energy storage investment, ensure the operation reliability of the power system, and perform sensitivity analysis on key parameters influencing the energy storage configuration result through the proposed method.

Description

Energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with regional power supply line faults
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrical engineering, and particularly relates to an energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with regional power supply line faults.
Background
With the change of global climate, various extreme weather, such as typhoon, rainstorm, ice disaster, etc., can cause the failure of large-scale power grid equipment and lines, resulting in large-area power failure accident. After a regional power supply line fails, a system often faces two problems of an emergency power flow out-of-limit event and an important load power supply requirement at the same time. The problem of power flow out-of-limit is that the power transmission line dynamic capacity increasing technology is often adopted to expand the upper limit of the line capacity in a short time, or load shedding is matched with appropriate power type energy storage for power flow evacuation, but the problem of insufficient power supply cannot be solved; the problem of power supply requirement is usually reduced by a load cutting measure, or the problem of power flow out-of-limit cannot be solved by configuring energy type energy storage for power supply during maintenance. Except for configuring energy storage and cutting off load, no method capable of simultaneously solving the problem of power flow out-of-limit and the problem of power supply requirement exists at present. Considering that the power supply reliability of important loads in certain specific areas is extremely high, the load loss value is extremely high, and the load shedding method is not practical, and the problems can be solved simultaneously only by configuring energy storage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems of how to optimally configure multiple types of energy storage to solve the problems of current out-of-limit and power supply requirements which may occur after the failure of a power transmission line with the minimum composite energy storage investment and ensure the operational reliability of a power system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with a regional power supply line fault, which comprises the following steps:
collecting parameters of each element of a power system, wherein each element of the power system comprises an alternating current power grid, a tie line, a thermal power unit, a wind power unit and an energy storage element, the energy storage element comprises a pumped storage power station, various electrochemical energy storage, heat storage, flywheel energy storage, a super capacitor, superconducting magnetic energy storage and compressed air energy storage elements, and the parameters comprise quantity parameters, number parameters, upper and lower limit parameters, power parameters, economic parameters, cycle parameters or fault parameters;
if the power system has a line fault, cutting loads or configuring power type energy storage through a generator tripping machine, adjusting the output of a thermal power generating unit or a wind power generating unit, relieving power imbalance caused by line tide out-of-limit or system disconnection, and optimally configuring a certain amount of energy storage on the basis of the configured power type energy storage to ensure the power supply requirement on the loads during fault maintenance;
step (3), establishing a power system operation and energy storage configuration model considering the response time of the power generation unit and the important load power supply requirement index based on the parameters of each element;
selecting an energy storage configuration target to minimize the weighted sum of the total investment cost of the composite energy storage, the expected operation punishment after the fault of the regional power supply line in the whole life cycle of the energy storage and the operation cost;
and (5) solving the power system operation and energy storage configuration model by taking the energy storage configuration target as an optimization target to obtain an energy storage configuration result.
In an alternative example, the parameters of each element in step (1) include:
number of nodes N of AC power gridbNode active load PdNode maximum load shedding power ratio β, node loss load value coefficient kclMaximum allowed lost load capacity ratio after fault β;
number of lines N of AC power networklThe number of the nodes at the head end and the tail end of the line, the per-unit value x of the reactance of the line and the upper limit P of allowable tide of long-term operation of the linelmax(ii) a System reference capacity SbSystem demand standby α;
numbering nodes where thermal power generating units are located, and upper and lower technical output limits PthmaxAnd PthminUpper and lower dynamic output limits PthUAnd PthDMaximum upward and downward slope gradient rUthAnd rDthResponse time t of thermal power generating unitrthThermal power running cost cthPenalty coefficient of cutting amount cthcut；
The node number of the wind turbine generator and the output P of the wind turbine generatorwdPenalty coefficient of air volume abandonwdcut; the tie line is at the node, the tie line is sucked from the nodeReceived power Pto；
Maximum allowable number K of water pumps for building pumped storage power stationphgRated power p of water pumpphUpper and lower limits p of discharge power of water pumpphdminAnd pphdmaxCharging power p of water pumpphcMaximum up-down climbing speed r of pumping storage unitUphAnd rDphResponse time t of the pump storage unitrphMaximum allowable reservoir building energy EphrmaxPumping storage charge-discharge efficiency ηphc and ηphdDepth of discharge D of pumped storagephCost coefficient c for pumped power allocationphgThe cost coefficient c is configured for the pumped energyphePumping storage operation maintenance cost cphm；
The maximum allowable configuration battery unit number N of the battery energy storagegbRated power p of battery cellgbMaximum allowable configuration battery energy EgbrmaxEfficiency η of charge and discharge of batterygbcAnd ηgbdDepth of discharge D of the batterygbBattery power allocation cost factor cgbpBattery energy allocation cost coefficient cgbeBattery operating maintenance cost cgbm；
Energy storage full life cycle TlifeFault overhaul time T, the node number of the area under study, the line number of the power supply section under study, annual fault frequency f of the section and the probability p of various faults of the section.
In an optional example, the step (2) includes a short-time emergency power flow evacuation process and a load power supply and recovery process during line maintenance, and specifically includes the following steps:
(2.1) short-term emergency tidal evacuation Process
After a line has a fault, the topology of the net rack is changed, the power flow is redistributed, a power flow emergency out-of-limit event is easy to occur, whether the line power flow reaches the short-time upper transmission capacity limit or a system disconnection occurs after the fault is judged, and if the line power flow emergency out-of-limit or the system disconnection event occurs, the line power flow out-of-limit or the system power imbalance is relieved through measures such as load cutting and the like; or configuring energy storage as power support in a short time after a fault, avoiding load cutting of a generator set, adjusting output of the generator set, and relieving power imbalance caused by line tide out-of-limit or system disconnection;
(2.2) load Power supply and restoration during line maintenance
A certain amount of stored energy is optimally configured, important load power supply can be met during the whole fault maintenance period, and after the line is maintained, all load power supply in the area is recovered.
In an optional example, the step (3) specifically includes the following constraints:
the time period of the fault maintenance in the model can be divided according to a preset rule;
the model comprises the following constraint conditions, wherein a variable containing an upper mark b is a ground state variable before a fault, a variable containing an upper mark s is a variable after the occurrence of an s-th fault, a subscript t is the number of a time period in which the variable is located, a variable containing a subscript i is a corresponding variable at an ith node, a variable containing a subscript j is a corresponding variable on a jth line, part of the upper mark or the subscript in part of the constraint is omitted, and all values which can be obtained by the omitted upper mark or the subscript are satisfied;
(3.1) a power system operation model, wherein the power system operation constraint is as follows:
Figure BDA0001844101170000041
Figure BDA0001844101170000042
|Pl，j|≤Plmax，j(3)
Figure BDA0001844101170000043
Figure BDA0001844101170000044
equation (1) is a node power balance constraint, PthFor thermal power unit output, PphDischarging for a pumped storage unit，PgbFor storing energy and discharge capacity of battery, PdFor the load demand, PclTo cut the load, MlFor a node incidence matrix, PlFor the power flow on the line, from a DC power flow model, PlCan be calculated as formula (2), S is a sensitivity matrix derived from a direct current power flow model, and P islThe requirement of satisfying the tidal current constraint formula (3), PlmaxFor the allowable upper limit of the power flow of the line, there are two kinds of short-term value and long-term value, the expressions (4) and (5) are rotation standby constraint, PthUAnd PthDThe actual output upper limit and the actual output lower limit of the generator under the limitation of climbing are respectively represented by α spare rate;
and (3.2) the unit operation model, the thermal power unit operation constraint is as follows:
Pthmin≤PthD≤Pth≤PthU≤Pthmax(6)
PthU，t≤Pth，t-1+rUPthmaxΔT (7)
PthD，t≥Pth，t-1-rDPthmaxΔT (8)
formula (6) is thermal power output range constraint, PthmaxAnd PthminRespectively the technical output upper and lower limits of the generator; the formula (7) and the formula (8) are the generator climbing constraint, rUAnd rDRespectively representing the up-and-down climbing rates of the thermal power generating unit, wherein delta T is the length of the divided time period;
(3.3) energy storage configuration and operation model
(3.3.1) energy storage configuration constraints are as follows:
Figure BDA0001844101170000051
Figure BDA0001844101170000052
Ephr≤Ephrmax，Egbr≤Egbrmax(11)
the formulas (9) and (10) are respectively the number constraints of the allowed configuration of the water pumping units and the battery packs, and nphgFor configuring the number of water pumps, KiThe maximum allowable number of pumping units at the ith node, k is the serial number of the pumping machine, Iphg，ikThe variable is 01, and represents whether the kth unit is built or not at the ith node; n isgbFor configuring the number of battery cells, Ngb，iMaximum allowable number of battery units, H, configured for the ith nodei＝[log2Ngb，i]Is Ngb，iThe total number of bits when expressed as a binary number, h being the number of bits of the binary number, xgb，ihWhether the h bit of the number of the battery units configured for the ith node is 0 or not is judged; equation (11) is the energy upper limit constraint of the pumped storage and battery, EphrAnd EgbrFor the configuration of energy, E, for the extraction and the battery, respectivelyphrmaxAnd EgbrmaxRespectively configuring energy for the maximum allowable configuration of the pumped storage and the battery;
(3.3.2) energy storage charge-discharge state constraints are as follows:
Cph，ik≤1-Uph，i，Dph，ik≤Uph，i(12)
Cph，ik+Dph，ik≤Iph，ik(13)
Cgb，ih≤1-Ugb，i，Dgb，ih≤Ugb，i(14)
Cgb，ih+Dgb，ih≤xgb，ih(15)
in the formula Cph，ikAnd Cgb，ihRespectively 2 in the k-th water pump and the battery energy storage in the pumping power stationh-1The state of charge of the individual battery cells; dph，ikAnd Dgb，ihRespectively 2 in the k-th water pump and the battery energy storage in the pumping power stationh-1The discharge state of each battery cell; u shapeph，iAnd Ugb，iRespectively representing the charge and discharge states of the pumping storage and the whole battery;
(3.3.3) energy storage charging and discharging power constraint is as follows:
Pph＝Pphd-Pphc，Pgb＝Pgbd-Pgbc(16)
Figure BDA0001844101170000053
Figure BDA0001844101170000061
pphdminDph，ik≤Pphd，ik≤pphdmaxDph，ik(19)
Pphc，ik＝pphcCph，ik(20)
0≤Pgb，ih≤2h-1PgbDgb，ih(21)
0≤Pgbc，ih≤2h-1pgbCgb，ih(22)
in the formula PphAnd PgbPower, P, for the pumped storage and the battery as a whole, respectively, into the gridphd，ikAnd Pphc，ikDischarge and charge power, p, of the kth pump, respectivelyphdminAnd pphdmaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value, p, of the discharge power of the water pumpphcCharging power to the pump, Pgbd，ihAnd Pgbc，ihAre respectively 2h-1The discharging power and the charging power of each battery unit;
(3.3.4) remaining capacity and variation constraints are as follows:
10％Ephr≤Eph≤Ephr(23)
10％Egbr≤Egb≤Egbr(24)
Egbr＝Tgbdpgbngb，i(25)
Eph，t-Eph，t1＝(ηphcPphc，t-Pphd，t/ηphd)ΔT (26)
Egb，t-Egb，t-1＝(ηgbcPgbc，t-Pgbd，t/ηgbd)ΔT (27)
in the formula EphAnd Egbη, respectively pumping and remaining energy of the batteryphcAnd ηphdAre respectively a pumping storageCharge and discharge efficiency of ηgbcAnd ηgbdRespectively the charging and discharging efficiency of the pumping;
(3.4) ground state operation assumptions are constrained as follows:
Figure BDA0001844101170000062
Figure BDA0001844101170000063
formula (28) represents that the ground state before the fault has no shear load and the stored energy has no output; formula (29) represents the ground state stored energy residual energy of 90%, EphAnd EgbRespectively the residual electric quantity of the pumped storage and the battery;
(3.5) the response time model is constrained as follows:
P(·)，t-P(·)，t-1＝0，t≤tr(·)(30)
the formula (30) shows that the output of each power generation unit is unchanged before the power generation units reach the respective response time, wherein the output comprises thermal power, a pumping storage and a battery;
(3.6) the important load power supply demand model is constrained as follows:
Pcl，i≤βiPd，i(31)
Figure BDA0001844101170000071
Pcl，t≤Pcl，t-1(33)
equation (31) is the maximum load shedding power constraint, requiring that the load shedding power ratio cannot be higher than a given value βi，βiNamely the important load ratio; equation (32) is the maximum unload constraint,ithe maximum load loss proportion after the fault is obtained; equation (33) indicates that the load shedding power is desired to be smaller.
In an optional example, the step (4) specifically includes the following steps:
the overall objective function is shown in equation (34):
C＝(Cph+Cgb)+CVOLL+10-1(Cthcut+Cwdcut+CESm)+10-3Cth(34)
the related parameters are divided into three levels by adopting a weight coefficient method: 1) the main optimization objectives are: involving pumped storage investment CphAnd battery energy storage investment Cgb(ii) a 2) Running punishment elements: including expected loss of load value C over the life cycle of the stored energyVOLLPunishment of cutting machine CthcutWind abandon punishment CwdcutAnd energy storage operation maintenance cost CESm(ii) a 3) Operating cost C of thermal power generating unitth；
(4.1) the main optimization objective determination mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0001844101170000072
Figure BDA0001844101170000073
formula (35) is the pumping and storage investment, including the pumping unit investment and the reservoir construction cost, i is the node number, nphFor the number of water pumps allocated, EphrFor the construction of reservoirs, pphRated power of each pump, cphgAnd cpheThe unit power cost of the water pump and the unit storage capacity cost of the reservoir are respectively;
equation (36) is the battery investment, including the battery pack power cost and energy cost, ngbFor the number of cells arranged, EgbrTo configure the battery capacity, pgbFor the rated power of each battery cell, cgbpAnd cgbeThe unit power cost and the unit energy cost of the battery respectively;
(4.2) running punishment element determination mode as follows:
Figure BDA0001844101170000081
Figure BDA0001844101170000082
Figure BDA0001844101170000083
Figure BDA0001844101170000084
equation (37) is the expected loss-load value, k, under system failure over the life cycle of the stored energycl，iFor a given value coefficient of the load at the ith node, f is the annual frequency of faults at a section of the power system, TlifeFor the whole life cycle of the energy storage power station, T is the time interval number, Delta T is the length of the divided time intervals, s is the fault number, PclTo cut the load, psThe probability of occurrence of the s-th fault in each fault; formula (38) is cutter penalty, PthcutFor cutting off generator power, cthcutPunishment coefficient for the cutting machine; formula (39) is a wind curtailment penalty, PwdcutTo abandon the wind power, cwdcutPunishment coefficient for abandoned wind; formula (40) is a wind curtailment penalty, PphcAnd PphdRespectively for pumped charging and discharging power, PgbcAnd PgbdCharging and discharging power of the battery, respectively, cphmAnd cgbmRespectively the operation and maintenance costs of the unit charge and discharge capacity of the pumped storage and the battery;
(4.3) the running cost is determined as follows:
Figure BDA0001844101170000085
formula (41) represents the operating cost of the thermal power generating unit, PthFor thermal power output, cth，iThe unit power generation cost of thermal power at the ith node.
In an optional example, the step (5) specifically includes taking the formula (34) as an optimization target, considering constraint formulas (1) to (33), and solving based on a MAT L AB platform to obtain a composite energy storage configuration result for dealing with power grid blocking and important load power supply requirements after the regional power supply line fault.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can simultaneously deal with the problems of power flow out-of-limit and power supply requirement which can occur after the failure of the power transmission line by reasonably configuring the composite energy storage, thereby ensuring the operation reliability of the power system;
2. the invention can comprehensively utilize the respective advantages of the power type energy storage and the energy type energy storage and simultaneously meet the requirements of the system on power and energy, thereby reducing the energy storage investment;
3. the method can be used for carrying out sensitivity analysis on key parameters influencing the energy storage configuration result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example 500kV/220kV grid topology of a system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a specific grid within a region of interest in an exemplary system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a multifunctional composite energy storage optimization configuration method provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a regional power grid line fault and power supply recovery process provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Along with the gradual reduction of the energy storage cost and the improvement of the power supply reliability requirement of important users, the reasonable energy storage configuration scheme can relieve the short-time congestion of the line and guarantee the power supply of important loads during the overhaul in the area. And the composite energy storage configuration optimization can comprehensively utilize respective advantages of power type energy storage and energy type energy storage, the problem of tidal current out-of-limit and the problem of power supply requirement after line faults are solved at the same time with minimum load energy storage investment, and the operation reliability of the system is ensured. Therefore, the multifunctional composite energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with the regional power supply line faults has important significance.
Aiming at how to optimize and configure various types of energy storage to comprehensively utilize respective advantages of different types of energy storage after the regional power supply line has a fault, the requirements of a system on power and energy are met, the energy storage investment is reduced, and the operation reliability of the system is ensured at the same time, so that the multifunctional composite energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with the regional power supply line fault is provided.
The method comprises the steps of determining a regional power grid line fault and power supply recovery process, then establishing a power system operation and energy storage configuration model considering the response time of a power generation unit and important load power supply requirement indexes, then taking the minimum sum of expected load loss value and total energy storage investment cost after regional power supply line faults in the energy storage life cycle as a configuration target, and finally obtaining an energy storage configuration scheme through a software solution model.
Examples of the invention
A modified 500kV/220kV grid from a province was chosen as an example, as shown in fig. 1. The system comprises 32 500kV nodes, 220kV nodes, total load 22020.7MW, external provincial junctor feed-in power 4611MW, wind power output 2900MW, 41 thermal power nodes in total, and total capacity 24204.5 MW; the capacity of each 500kV line and each 220kV line is 1600MW and 700MW under the normal condition respectively. 500kV nodes and 220kV node areas covered by the 500kV nodes at the nodes 40 and 45 are selected as concerned local areas, and the topology of the surrounding 220kV net racks is shown in figure 2.2 500kV nodes, 18 220kV nodes and total load 3867.85MW are arranged in the region; three thermal power nodes are arranged in the region, and the total capacity is 2270 MW; the section between the area and the external main network is provided with three 500kV lines, the capacity of the section is 4800MW, the power flow mode is that the 500kV lines supply power 2133MW to loads in the area, and the power output of a generator in the area is 1734.85 MW. Assuming that the thermal power climbing speed is 1% of capacity per minute, the power cost of a battery power station is 5000 yuan/kWh, the energy cost is 2000 yuan/kWh, and the charge-discharge efficiency is 90%; the power cost of the pumped storage power station is 5000 yuan/kW, the energy cost is 1000 yuan/kWh, and the charge-discharge efficiency is 75%; the life cycle of the energy storage power station is assumed to be 10 years. The capacity of a single water pump is 300MW, the capacity of a single battery is 5MW, and the allowable configuration power and energy upper limit of the pumping and storage battery are large enough. The value of the non-important load in the region of interest is set to 30 yuan/kWh, and the value of the important load is set to ten thousand times of the non-critical load, i.e., 300000 yuan/kWh, wherein the non-important load accounts for 20% of the total load in the region, and the important load accounts for 80% of the total load in the region. Assuming that the frequency of the fault at the section is 1 time/year, the probability of breaking one line, two lines and three lines per fault is 20%, 12% and 4%, respectively. Assuming that the load remains unchanged after a fault, the power supply requirements of the load within 8 hours of the troubleshooting time need to be guaranteed. The response time of the thermal power and the storage unit is given to be 5min, and the power supply requirements of important loads are set as follows: 1) the important load is not allowed to be cut off, namely the maximum cutting load is allowed to be 20%; 2) the total power supply amount in the region is not less than 90%.
Therefore, the invention provides a multifunctional composite energy storage optimal configuration method for dealing with regional power supply line faults, as shown in fig. 3, comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting economic and technical parameters of each element of the power system under study
Each element of the power system comprises an alternating current power grid, a tie line, a thermal power unit, a wind power unit and an energy storage element, wherein the energy storage element comprises but is not limited to pumped storage and battery energy storage.
The parameters of each element comprise:
1) number of nodes N of AC power gridbNode active load PdNode maximum load shedding power ratio β, node loss load value coefficient kclMaximum allowed lost load capacity ratio after fault β;
2) number of lines N of AC power networklThe number of the nodes at the head end and the tail end of the line, the per-unit value x of the reactance of the line and the upper limit P of allowable tide of long-term operation of the linelmax(ii) a System reference capacity SbSystem demand standby α;
3) numbering nodes where thermal power generating units are located, and upper and lower technical output limits PthmaxAnd PthminUpper and lower dynamic output limits PthUAnd PthDMaximum upward and downward slope gradient rUthAnd rDthResponse time t of thermal power generating unitrthThermal power running cost cthPenalty coefficient of cutting amount cthcut；
4) The node number of the wind turbine generator and the output P of the wind turbine generatorwdPenalty coefficient of air volume abandonwdcut(ii) a The tie being at a node from which it absorbs power Pto；
5) Maximum allowable number K of water pumps for building pumped storage power stationphgRated power p of water pumpphUpper and lower limits p of discharge power of water pumpphdminAnd pphdmaxCharging power p of water pumpphcMaximum up-down climbing speed r of pumping storage unitUphAnd rDphResponse time t of the pump storage unitrphMaximum allowable reservoir building energy EphrmaxPumping storage charge-discharge efficiency ηphcAnd ηphdDepth of discharge D of pumped storagephCost coefficient c for pumped power allocationphgThe cost coefficient c is configured for the pumped energyphePumping storage operation maintenance cost cphm；
6) The maximum allowable configuration battery unit number N of the battery energy storagegbRated power p of battery cellgbMaximum allowable configuration battery energy EgbrmaxEfficiency η of charge and discharge of batterygbcAnd ηgbdDepth of discharge D of the batterygbBattery power allocation cost factor cgbpBattery energy allocation cost coefficient cgbeBattery operating maintenance cost cgbm；
7) Energy storage full life cycle TlifeFault overhaul time T, the node number of the area under study, the line number of the power supply section under study, annual fault frequency f of the section and the probability p of various faults of the section.
Step 2: process for determining regional power grid line fault and recovering power supply
After a line fault occurs in a regional power system and the overhaul is finished, the regional power grid line fault and power supply recovery process is shown in figure 4 and comprises a short-time emergency power flow evacuation process and a load power supply and recovery process during the line overhaul.
(2.1) short-term emergency tidal evacuation Process
After the line breaks down, the network frame topology changes, the power flow is redistributed, and the emergency power flow out-of-limit event is easy to happen. Firstly, judging whether the line tide reaches the short-time upper transmission capacity limit or the system disconnection occurs after the fault, if the line tide emergency out-of-limit or system disconnection occurs, the thermal power generating unit cannot fully adjust the output in a short time, and relieving the line tide out-of-limit or system power imbalance by measures such as cutting machine load cutting and the like to ensure the system safety; or the stored energy is configured to be used as power support in a short time after the fault, so that the load is prevented from being cut by the cutter. And then adjusting the output of the unit, and relieving the power imbalance caused by line tide out-of-limit or system disconnection.
The upper limit of the short-time transmission capacity of the line is 1.2 times of the upper limit of the allowable power flow of the long-term operation of the line, and the upper limit of the allowable duration time is 30 min.
(2.2) load Power supply and restoration during line maintenance
If the capacity of the generator set in the region is sufficient, the power imbalance caused by line tide out-of-limit or system disconnection can be completely relieved after the output of the generator set is adjusted, and the load power supply is recovered. However, after a line fault, due to the limitation of transmission capacity, the power supply in the area is insufficient, and the power supply requirement of the load cannot be met. If a certain amount of stored energy is optimally configured, important loads can be powered during the entire troubleshooting period. And after the line is repaired, recovering the power supply of all the loads in the area.
And step 3: establishing power system operation and energy storage configuration model considering power generation unit response time and important load power supply demand indexes
The time interval is divided by the fault maintenance time in the model according to the following method: in the first 30min after the fault, 5min is taken as a time interval; within 30min to 2h after the fault, taking 15min as a time interval; after 2h after the fault, 1h is taken as a time period. The segmentation method can be adjusted according to actual needs.
The model comprises the following constraint conditions, wherein a variable containing a superscript b is a ground state variable before a fault, a variable containing a superscript s is a variable after an s-th fault occurs, a subscript t is a time period number where the variable is located, a variable containing a subscript i is a corresponding variable at an ith node, a variable containing a subscript j is a corresponding variable on a jth line, and a part of the superscript or the subscript in part of the constraint is omitted, which represents that all values which can be obtained by the omitted superscript or the subscript are satisfied.
(3.1) Power System operation model
The power system operation constraints are as follows:
Figure BDA0001844101170000131
Figure BDA0001844101170000132
|Pl，j|≤Plmax，j(3)
Figure BDA0001844101170000133
Figure BDA0001844101170000134
equation (1) is a node power balance constraint, PthFor thermal power unit output, PphFor discharging the pump-storage unit, PgbFor storing energy and discharge capacity of battery, PdFor the load demand, PclTo cut the load, MlFor a node incidence matrix, PlIs the current on the line. From a DC power flow model, PlCan be calculated as formula (2), S is a sensitivity matrix derived from a direct current power flow model, and P islThe requirement of satisfying the tidal current constraint formula (3), PlmaxThere are two types of short-term and long-term values for the allowable upper limit of the power flow of the line. Formula (4) and formula (5) are rotational standby constraints, PthUAnd PthDThe actual output upper and lower limits of the generator under the climbing limit are respectively, and α is the standby rate.
(3.2) Unit operation model
The thermal power generating unit has the following operation constraints
Pthmin≤PthD≤Pth≤PthU≤Pthmax(6)
PthU，t≤Pth，t-1+rUPthmaxΔT (7)
PthD，t≥Pth，t-1-rDPthmaxΔT (8)
Formula (6) is thermal power output range constraint, PthmaxAnd PthminRespectively the technical output upper and lower limits of the generator; the formula (7) and the formula (8) are the generator climbing constraint, rUAnd rDThe ramp-up and ramp-down rates of the thermal power generating unit are respectively, and the delta T is a divided time period.
(3.3) energy storage configuration and operation model
1) Energy storage configuration constraints
Figure BDA0001844101170000141
Figure BDA0001844101170000142
Ephr≤Ephrmax，Egbr≤Egbrmax(11)
The formulas (9) and (10) are respectively the number constraints of the allowed configuration of the water pumping units and the battery packs, and nphgFor configuring the number of water pumps, KiThe maximum allowable number of pumping units at the ith node, k is the serial number of the pumping machine, Iphg，ikThe variable is 01, and represents whether the kth unit is built or not at the ith node; n isgbFor configuring the number of battery cells, Ngb，iMaximum allowable number of battery units, H, configured for the ith nodei＝[log2Ngb，i]Is Ngb，iThe total number of bits when expressed as a binary number, h being the number of bits of the binary number, xgb，ihWhether the h bit of the number of the battery units configured for the ith node is 0 or not is judged; equation (11) is the upper energy limit of the pumped storage and batteryConstraint, EphrAnd EgbrFor the configuration of energy, E, for the extraction and the battery, respectivelyphrmaxAnd EgbrmaxThe energy is allocated for the maximum allowed of the pumped storage and the battery respectively.
2) Energy storage charge-discharge state constraint
Cph，ik≤1-Uph，i，Dph，ik≤Uph，i(12)
Cph，ik+Dph，ik≤Iph，ik(13)
Cgb，ih≤1-Ugb，i，Dgb，ih≤Ugb，i(14)
Cgb，ih+Dgb，ih≤xgb，ih(15)
In the formula Cph，ikAnd Cgb，ihRespectively 2 in the k-th water pump and the battery energy storage in the pumping power stationh-1The charging state of each battery unit is charged if the charging state is 1, and is not charged if the charging state is 0; dph，ikAnd Dgb，ihRespectively 2 in the k-th water pump and the battery energy storage in the pumping power stationh-1The discharge state of each battery unit is 1 for discharging, and 0 for not discharging; u shapeph，iAnd Ugb，iThe respective states of charge and discharge of the entire battery are 1 for discharge and 0 for charge.
3) Energy storage charge and discharge power constraint
Pph＝Pphd-Pphc，Pgb＝Pgbd-Pgbc(16)
Figure BDA0001844101170000151
Figure BDA0001844101170000152
pphdminDph，ik≤Pphd，ik≤pphdmaxDph，ik(19)
Pphc，ik＝pphcCph，ik(20)
0≤Pgbd，ih≤2h-1pgbDgb，ih(21)
0≤Pgbc，ih≤2h-1pgbCgb，ih(22)
In the formula PphAnd PgbPower, P, for the pumped storage and the battery as a whole, respectively, into the gridphd，ikAnd Pphc，ikDischarge and charge power, p, of the kth pump, respectivelyphdminAnd pphdmaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value, p, of the discharge power of the water pumpphcCharging power to the pump, Pgbd，ihAnd Pgbc，ihAre respectively 2h-1The discharge power and the charge power of each battery unit.
4) Remaining power and change constraint
10％Ephr≤Eph≤Ephr(23)
10％Egbr≤Egb≤Egbr(24)
Egbr＝Tgbdpgbngb，i(25)
Eph，t-Eph，t-1＝(ηphcPphc，t-Pphd，t/ηphd)ΔT (26)
Egb，t-Egb，t-1＝(ηgbcPgbc，t-Pgbd，t/ηgbd)ΔT (27)
In the formula EphAnd Egbη, respectively pumping and remaining energy of the batteryphcAnd ηphdRespectively, efficiencies of charging and discharging of the pumped storage, ηgbcAnd ηgbdRespectively, the charging and discharging efficiencies of the pumped storage.
(3.4) ground state operating assumption
Figure BDA0001844101170000161
Figure BDA0001844101170000162
Formula (28) represents that the ground state before the fault has no shear load and the stored energy has no output; formula (29) represents the ground state stored energy residual energy of 90%, EphAnd EgbRespectively, the pumping storage and the residual capacity of the battery.
(3.5) response time model
P(·)，t-P(·)，t-1＝0，t≤tr(·)(30)
And (3) before the power generation units reach respective response time, the output of each power generation unit is unchanged, (. cndot.) comprises thermal power, a pumping storage and a battery.
(3.6) important load power supply demand model
Pcl，i≤βiPd，i(31)
Figure BDA0001844101170000163
Pcl，t≤Pcl，t-1(33)
Equation (31) is the maximum load shedding power constraint, requiring that the load shedding power ratio cannot be higher than a given value βi，βiNamely the important load ratio; equation (32) is the maximum unload constraint,ithe maximum load loss proportion after the fault is obtained; equation (33) indicates that the load shedding power is desired to be smaller.
And 4, step 4: selecting energy storage configuration targets
The main target of the energy storage configuration is that the sum of the expected load loss value after the fault of the regional power supply line in the energy storage life cycle and the total cost of the energy storage investment is minimum. The total objective function is calculated according to the formula (34), and is divided into three levels by adopting a weight coefficient method:
1) main optimization objectives, including pumped investment CphAnd battery energy storage investment Cgb；
2) Running penalty elements including expected loss of load value C over the life cycle of the stored energyVOLLPunishment of cutting machine CthcutWind abandon punishment CwdcutAnd energy storage operation maintenance cost CESmThe load is not cut, the machine is not cut, wind is not abandoned, and energy storage is less required when the machine is expected to run;
3) operating costs of thermal power generating units, i.e. CthIt is desirable to operate at a lower cost.
C＝(Cph+Cgb)+CVOLL+10-1(Cthcut+Cwdcut+CESm)+10-3Cth(34)
Considering the problem of power balance after a fault in actual operation, the most economic means is to adjust the thermal power output; if the thermal power output cannot meet the requirements by adjusting, measures such as wind abandoning or common load cutting are adopted; in the case that neither of these methods can meet the requirements, the configuration energy storage solution problem is considered. The weighting coefficients of the three parts of the total objective function are selected to be 1, 0.1 and 0.001, respectively.
(4.1) Primary optimization objectives
Figure BDA0001844101170000171
Figure BDA0001844101170000172
Formula (35) is the pumping and storage investment, including the pumping unit investment and the reservoir construction cost, i is the node number, nphFor the number of water pumps allocated, EphrFor the construction of reservoirs, pphRated power of each pump, cphgAnd cpheThe unit power cost of the water pump and the unit storage capacity cost of the reservoir are respectively.
Equation (36) is the battery investment, including the battery pack power cost and energy cost, ngbFor the number of cells arranged, EgbrTo configure the battery capacity, pgbFor the rated power of each battery cell, cgbpAnd cgbeThe unit power cost and the unit energy cost of the battery, respectively.
(4.2) running penalty elements
Figure BDA0001844101170000173
Figure BDA0001844101170000174
Figure BDA0001844101170000175
Figure BDA0001844101170000176
Equation (37) is the expected loss-load value, k, under system failure over the life cycle of the stored energycl，iFor a given value coefficient of the load at the ith node, f is the annual frequency of faults at a section of the power system, TlifeFor the life cycle of the energy storage power station, T is the time interval number, Δ T is the time interval length, s is the fault number, PclTo cut the load, psIs the probability of occurrence of the s-th fault in each fault.
Formula (38) is cutter penalty, PthcutFor cutting off generator power, cthcutAnd (4) punishment coefficients of the cutting machine.
Formula (39) is a wind curtailment penalty, PwdcutTo abandon the wind power, cwdcutAnd punishing the coefficient for wind abandon. The tripping and wind curtailment conditions occur in the power excess area and are not analyzed in detail.
Formula (40) is a wind curtailment penalty, PphcAnd PphdRespectively for pumped charging and discharging power, PgbcAnd PgbdCharging and discharging power of the battery, respectively, cphmAnd cgbmThe operation and maintenance costs of the unit charge and discharge capacity of the pumped storage and the battery are respectively.
(4.3) running cost
Figure BDA0001844101170000181
Formula (41) is the thermal power operating cost, PthFor thermal power output, cth，iThe unit power generation cost of thermal power at the ith node.
And 5: solving the energy storage configuration model through commercial software to obtain an energy storage configuration scheme
Table 1 composite energy storage configuration results
Figure BDA0001844101170000182
The model can be solved through software GUROBI based on an MAT L AB platform to obtain a composite energy storage configuration scheme for dealing with the power grid blockage and the important load power supply requirements after the regional power supply line fault, as shown in Table 1.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An energy storage optimization configuration method for dealing with regional power supply line faults is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting parameters of each element of a power system, wherein each element of the power system comprises an alternating current power grid, a tie line, a thermal power unit, a wind power unit and an energy storage element, the energy storage element comprises a pumped storage power station, various electrochemical energy storage, heat storage, flywheel energy storage, a super capacitor, superconducting magnetic energy storage and compressed air energy storage elements, and the parameters comprise quantity parameters, number parameters, upper and lower limit parameters, power parameters, economic parameters, cycle parameters or fault parameters;
if the power system has a line fault, cutting loads or configuring power type energy storage through a generator tripping machine, adjusting the output of a thermal power generating unit or a wind power generating unit, relieving power imbalance caused by line tide out-of-limit or system disconnection, and optimally configuring a certain amount of energy storage on the basis of the configured power type energy storage to ensure the power supply requirement on the loads during fault maintenance;
the step (2) comprises a short-time emergency power flow evacuation process and a load power supply and recovery process during line maintenance, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) short-term emergency tidal evacuation Process
After a line has a fault, the topology of the net rack is changed, the power flow is redistributed, a power flow emergency out-of-limit event is easy to occur, whether the line power flow reaches the short-time upper transmission capacity limit or a system disconnection occurs after the fault is judged, and if the line power flow emergency out-of-limit or the system disconnection event occurs, the line power flow out-of-limit or the system power imbalance is relieved through a load cutting and load cutting measure; or configuring energy storage as power support in a short time after a fault, avoiding load cutting of a generator set, adjusting output of the generator set, and relieving power imbalance caused by line tide out-of-limit or system disconnection;
(2.2) load Power supply and restoration during line maintenance
Optimally configuring a certain amount of stored energy, meeting the requirement of important load power supply during the whole fault maintenance period, and recovering all load power supply in the area after the line is repaired;
step (3), establishing a power system operation and energy storage configuration model considering the response time of the power generation unit and the important load power supply requirement index based on the parameters of each element;
selecting an energy storage configuration target to minimize the weighted sum of the total investment cost of the composite energy storage, the expected operation punishment after the fault of the regional power supply line in the whole life cycle of the energy storage and the operation cost;
and (5) solving the power system operation and energy storage configuration model by taking the energy storage configuration target as an optimization target to obtain an energy storage configuration result.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of each element in step (1) include:
number of nodes N of AC power gridbNode active load PdNode maximum load shedding power ratio β, node loss load value coefficient kclMaximum after failureAllowable loss of load capacity proportion β;
number of lines N of AC power networklThe number of the nodes at the head end and the tail end of the line, the per-unit value x of the reactance of the line and the upper limit P of allowable tide of long-term operation of the linelmax(ii) a System reference capacity SbSystem demand standby α;
numbering nodes where thermal power generating units are located, and upper and lower technical output limits PthmaxAnd PthminUpper and lower dynamic output limits PthUAnd PthDMaximum upward and downward slope gradient rUthAnd rDthResponse time t of thermal power generating unitrthThermal power running cost cthPenalty coefficient of cutting amount cthcut；
The node number of the wind turbine generator and the output P of the wind turbine generatorwdPenalty coefficient of air volume abandonwdcut(ii) a The tie being at a node from which it absorbs power Pto；
Maximum allowable number K of water pumps for building pumped storage power stationphgRated power p of water pumpphUpper and lower limits p of discharge power of water pumpphdminAnd pphdmaxCharging power p of water pumpphcMaximum up-down climbing speed r of pumping storage unitUphAnd rDphResponse time t of the pump storage unitrphMaximum allowable reservoir building energy EphrmaxPumping storage charge-discharge efficiency ηphcAnd ηphdDepth of discharge D of pumped storagephCost coefficient c for pumped power allocationphgThe cost coefficient c is configured for the pumped energyphePumping storage operation maintenance cost cphm；
The maximum allowable configuration battery unit number N of the battery energy storagegbRated power p of battery cellgbMaximum allowable configuration battery energy EgbrmaxEfficiency η of charge and discharge of batterygbcAnd ηgbdDepth of discharge D of the batterygbBattery power allocation cost factor cgbpBattery energy allocation cost coefficient cgbeBattery operating maintenance cost cgbm；
Energy storage full life cycle TlifeFault repair time T, node number of the area under study,the line number of the power supply section to be researched, the annual fault frequency f of the section and the occurrence probability p of various faults of the section.
3. The method for optimally configuring energy storage for handling regional power supply line faults as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the step (3) specifically comprises the following constraint conditions:
dividing the time interval according to a preset rule by the fault maintenance time in the model;
the model comprises the following constraint conditions, wherein a variable containing an upper mark b is a ground state variable before a fault, a variable containing an upper mark s is a variable after the occurrence of an s-th fault, a subscript t is the number of a time period in which the variable is located, a variable containing a subscript i is a corresponding variable at an ith node, a variable containing a subscript j is a corresponding variable on a jth line, part of the upper mark or the subscript in part of the constraint is omitted, and all values which can be obtained by the omitted upper mark or the subscript are satisfied;
(3.1) a power system operation model, wherein the power system operation constraint is as follows:
Figure FDA0002492153680000031
Figure FDA0002492153680000032
|Pl,j|≤Plmax,j(3)
Figure FDA0002492153680000033
Figure FDA0002492153680000034
equation (1) is a node power balance constraint, PthFor thermal power unit output, PphFor discharging the pump-storage unit, PgbFor storing energy and discharge capacity of battery, PdFor the load demand, PclFor cutting loadAmount, MlFor a node incidence matrix, PlFor the power flow on the line, from a DC power flow model, PlCalculating according to formula (2), S is a sensitivity matrix derived from the DC power flow model, and P islThe requirement of satisfying the tidal current constraint formula (3), PlmaxFor the allowable upper limit of the power flow of the line, there are two kinds of short-term value and long-term value, the expressions (4) and (5) are rotation standby constraint, PthUAnd PthDThe actual output upper limit and the actual output lower limit of the generator under the limitation of climbing are respectively represented by α spare rate;
and (3.2) the unit operation model, the thermal power unit operation constraint is as follows:
Pthmin≤PthD≤Pth≤PthU≤Pthmax(6)
PthU,t≤Pth,t-1+rUPthmaxΔT (7)
PthD,t≥Pth,t-1-rDPthmaxΔT (8)
formula (6) is thermal power output range constraint, PthmaxAnd PthminRespectively the technical output upper and lower limits of the generator; the formula (7) and the formula (8) are the generator climbing constraint, rUAnd rDRespectively representing the up-and-down climbing rates of the thermal power generating unit, wherein delta T is the length of the divided time period;
(3.3) energy storage configuration and operation model
(3.3.1) energy storage configuration constraints are as follows:
Figure FDA0002492153680000041
Figure FDA0002492153680000042
Ephr≤Ephrmax,Egbr≤Egbrmax(11)
the formulas (9) and (10) are respectively the number constraints of the allowed configuration of the water pumping units and the battery packs, and nphgFor configuring the number of water pumps, KiThe maximum number of pumping units allowed to be built at the ith node, and k isNumber of water pumps, Iphg,ikThe variable is a variable with a value of 0 or 1 and represents whether the kth station unit is built at the ith node or not; n isgbFor configuring the number of battery cells, Ngb,iMaximum allowable number of battery units, H, configured for the ith nodei＝[log2Ngb,i]Is Ngb,iThe total number of bits when expressed as a binary number, h being the number of bits of the binary number, xgb,ihWhether the h bit of the number of the battery units configured for the ith node is 0 or not is judged; equation (11) is the energy upper limit constraint of the pumped storage and battery, EphrAnd EgbrFor the configuration of energy, E, for the extraction and the battery, respectivelyphrmaxAnd EgbrmaxRespectively configuring energy for the maximum allowable configuration of the pumped storage and the battery;
(3.3.2) energy storage charge-discharge state constraints are as follows:
Cph,ik≤1-Uph,i,Dph,ik≤Uph,i(12)
Cph,ik+Dph,ik≤Iph,ik(13)
Cgb,ih≤1-Ugb,i,Dgb,ih≤Ugb,i(14)
Cgb,ih+Dgb,ih≤xgb,ih(15)
in the formula Cph,ikAnd Cgb,ihRespectively 2 in the k-th water pump and the battery energy storage in the pumping power stationh-1The state of charge of the individual battery cells; dph,ikAnd Dgb,ihRespectively 2 in the k-th water pump and the battery energy storage in the pumping power stationh-1The discharge state of each battery cell; u shapeph,iAnd Ugb,iRespectively representing the charge and discharge states of the pumping storage and the whole battery;
(3.3.3) energy storage charging and discharging power constraint is as follows:
Pph＝Pphd-Pphc,Pgb＝Pgbd-Pgbc(16)
Figure FDA0002492153680000051
Figure FDA0002492153680000052
pphdminDph,ik≤Pphd,ik≤pphdmaxDph,ik(19)
Pphc,ik＝pphcCph,ik(20)
0≤Pgbd,ih≤2h-1pgbDgb,ih(21)
0≤Pgbc,ih≤2h-1pgbCgb,ih(22)
in the formula PphAnd PgbPower, P, for the pumped storage and the battery as a whole, respectively, into the gridphd,ikAnd Pphc,ikDischarge and charge power, p, of the kth pump, respectivelyphdminAnd pphdmaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value, p, of the discharge power of the water pumpphcCharging power to the pump, Pgbd,ihAnd Pgbc,ihAre respectively 2h-1The discharging power and the charging power of each battery unit;
(3.3.4) remaining capacity and variation constraints are as follows:
10％Ephr≤Eph≤Ephr(23)
10％Egbr≤Egb≤Egbr(24)
Egbr＝Tgbdpgbngb,i(25)
Eph,t-Eph,t-1＝(ηphcPphc,t-Pphd,t/ηphd)ΔT (26)
Egb,t-Egb,t-1＝(ηgbcPgbc,t-Pgbd,t/ηgbd)ΔT (27)
in the formula EphAnd Egbη, respectively pumping and remaining energy of the batteryphcAnd ηphdRespectively, efficiencies of charging and discharging of the pumped storage, ηgbcAnd ηgbdRespectively the charging and discharging efficiency of the pumping;
(3.4) ground state operation assumptions are constrained as follows:
Figure FDA0002492153680000061
Figure FDA0002492153680000062
formula (28) represents that the ground state before the fault has no shear load and the stored energy has no output; formula (29) represents the ground state stored energy residual energy of 90%, EphAnd EgbRespectively the residual electric quantity of the pumped storage and the battery;
(3.5) the response time model is constrained as follows:
P(·),t-P(·),t-1＝0,t≤tr(·)(30)
the formula (30) shows that the output of each power generation unit is unchanged before the power generation units reach the respective response time, wherein the output comprises thermal power, a pumping storage and a battery;
(3.6) the important load power supply demand model is constrained as follows:
Pcl,i≤βiPd,i(31)
Figure FDA0002492153680000063
Pcl,t≤Pcl,t-1(33)
equation (31) is the maximum load shedding power constraint, requiring that the load shedding power ratio cannot be higher than a given value βi，βiNamely the important load ratio; equation (32) is the maximum unload constraint,ithe maximum load loss proportion after the fault is obtained; equation (33) indicates that the load shedding power is desired to be smaller.
4. The energy storage optimal configuration method for handling the power supply line fault in the area according to claim 3, wherein the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
the overall objective function is shown in equation (34):
C＝(Cph+Cgb)+10-1(CVOLL+Cthcut+Cwdcut+CESm)+10-3Cth(34)
the related parameters are divided into three levels by adopting a weight coefficient method: 1) the main optimization objectives are: involving pumped storage investment CphAnd battery energy storage investment Cgb(ii) a 2) Running punishment elements: including expected loss of load value C over the life cycle of the stored energyVOLLPunishment of cutting machine CthcutWind abandon punishment CwdcutAnd energy storage operation maintenance cost CESm(ii) a 3) Operating cost C of thermal power generating unitth；
(4.1) the main optimization objective determination mode is as follows:
Figure FDA0002492153680000071
Figure FDA0002492153680000072
formula (35) is the pumping and storage investment, including the pumping unit investment and the reservoir construction cost, i is the node number, nphFor the number of water pumps allocated, EphrFor the construction of reservoirs, pphRated power of each pump, cphgAnd cpheThe unit power cost of the water pump and the unit storage capacity cost of the reservoir are respectively;
equation (36) is the battery investment, including the battery pack power cost and energy cost, ngbFor the number of cells arranged, EgbrTo configure the battery capacity, pgbFor the rated power of each battery cell, cgbpAnd cgbeThe unit power cost and the unit energy cost of the battery respectively;
(4.2) running punishment element determination mode as follows:
Figure FDA0002492153680000073
Figure FDA0002492153680000074
Figure FDA0002492153680000075
Figure FDA0002492153680000076
equation (37) is the expected loss-load value, k, under system failure over the life cycle of the stored energycl,iFor a given value coefficient of the load at the ith node, f is the annual frequency of faults at a section of the power system, TlifeFor the whole life cycle of the energy storage power station, T is the time interval number, Delta T is the length of the divided time intervals, s is the fault number, PclTo cut the load, psThe probability of occurrence of the s-th fault in each fault;
formula (38) is cutter penalty, PthcutFor cutting off generator power, cthcutPunishment coefficient for the cutting machine; formula (39) is a wind curtailment penalty, PwdcutTo abandon the wind power, cwdcutPunishment coefficient for abandoned wind; formula (40) is a wind curtailment penalty, PphcAnd PphdRespectively for pumped charging and discharging power, PgbcAnd PgbdCharging and discharging power of the battery, respectively, cphmAnd cgbmRespectively the operation and maintenance costs of the unit charge and discharge capacity of the pumped storage and the battery;
(4.3) the running cost is determined as follows:
Figure FDA0002492153680000081
formula (41) represents the operating cost of the thermal power generating unit, PthFor thermal power output, cth,iThe unit power generation cost of thermal power at the ith node.
5. The energy storage optimization configuration method for handling the regional power supply line fault according to claim 4, wherein the step (5) specifically comprises the steps of taking the formula (34) as an optimization target, considering constraint formulas (1) to (33), and solving based on an MAT L AB platform to obtain a composite energy storage configuration result for handling the power grid blockage and the important load power supply requirement after the regional power supply line fault.
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