CN1093458A - Cereal is scattered and dry improving one's methods and equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of distribution and smoothly be provided with 50 and rotatably be installed in the dryness storehouse 10, it can rotate around the vertical pivot of dryness storehouse, this smooth equipment comprises a support 51, a collection funnel 54, and distribution auger 52 that radially extends, this distribution auger 52 is uniformly scattered onto the granule materials of cereals the whole radial width of the dry bottom surface 11 of dryness storehouse 10, no matter the cereal in the dryness storehouse has a net increase of or subtracts only, keep a kind of smooth basically configuration of surface in the storehouse all the time.

Description

Cereal is scattered and dry improving one's methods and equipment

The present invention relates generally to farm equipment, specifically, relate to the drying equipment of cereal.

The water content of new harvesting cereal is too high, is unsuitable for storing immediately, must reduce its humidity before storing, in case impaired.Generally speaking, this work is finished by grain dryer.

Using many kinds of grain dryer at present, is to allow a large amount of air of higher temperature pass hothouse or the interior cereal of tower in general.Can reduce the damage of heat by shortening the time of staying of cereal in this chamber to cereal as far as possible.Can be divided into parallel type, cross-current type and reverse-flow drier according to the grain stream and the drier that concerns that passes between the flow direction of air stream of hothouse.

In the cross-current type drier, air stream is horizontally through the drying bed of cereal, and is promptly vertical with the direction of motion of dried grain.After typically the shape of cross section of cereal drying bed shifted out from the cross-current type drier, its shape just was disturbed.Widely used cross-current type drier comprises the fixed-bed type of tower continuous-flow, turriform batch (-type) and " packing in the storehouse with form in batches ", and after to be dried the finishing, whole cereal drying bed just is moved out of bin.

In the parallel type drier, the direction that air flows is identical with the moving direction of dried grain, promptly parallels with grain stream.Wet generally speaking paddy layer is positioned at the top of hothouse, and the gulch layer is discharged from the bottom of hothouse.Air enters from the top of hothouse, flows downward to discharge by cereal and from the bottom.The parallel type drier is the most rare in above-mentioned three types drier.

In reverse-flow drier, the direction that air flows is opposite with the direction of motion of dried grain, promptly parallels with dried grain mobile but direction is opposite.Generally speaking, wet paddy layer is positioned at the top of hothouse, and the gulch layer is then discharged from the bottom of hothouse.Air enters from the bottom of hothouse, upwards flows through cereal and discharges from the top of chamber.Reverse-flow drying is a kind of that be widely adopted, very practical method for drying cereal for farm and grain warehouse, has thousands of family units to use it in the U.S..

The present invention is applicable to reverse-flow and the parallel type drier.The drying capacity of existing reverse-flow drier and capacity usage ratio are not best.The degree of depth of employed paddy layer depth than will seek out maximum capacity usage ratio and disposal ability the time is big.Though the air of discharging is generally saturated near 100% and since above the arid region than the surface of cold cereal on can the generation aqueous vapor condensation, so can cause unhelpful cereal surface moisture.Even more serious problem is, wishes to get optimum efficiency two when requiring the degree of depth in theory and arrives octuple for the horsepower that makes dry air at a high speed can pass the required increase of degree of depth cereal layer is generally.If can make one's options, many commercial farm masters now would rather use this extra horsepower to reach higher disposal ability, to adapt to the needs of its increasing united reaper and reaping apparatus.

The thermal efficiency of reverse-flow grain dryer can be determined by measuring the vapor content that air leaves when being dried cereal.If the vapor content when leaving cereal does not reach capacity as yet, illustrate that then this drier is not to turn round with maximal efficiency, many money have been wasted.Have found that, remain the uniform state of the degree of depth if be positioned at the cereal of top, bottom surface, storehouse, the cereal in the then reverse-flow drier can be by more effectively dry.A kind of uneven depth profile will impel dry air stream at first to pass the thin zone of paddy layer, more air stream quickened should the zone in the drying of cereal, and unsaturated air is escaped among the atmosphere.For by reducing that the resistance of air stream is increased disposal ability, need to reduce the whole horizontal plane of cereal in the hothouse, at this moment, it is more outstanding that the problems referred to above will become.

For some cereal, for example corn and soybean, the degree of depth by keeping cereal is constant, can make the efficient of grain dryer reach optimum value, this optimum depth is with the difference of the difference of the difference of cereal kind, drying air temperature and dry air flow and difference, so people always wish that the cereal in the whole dryness storehouse or the degree of depth of beans can keep even.All attempt to make cereal surface to keep smooth effort all to fail now, and at first, it is irregular and uncertain that the mechanism that is used for discharging cereal has caused the cereal degree of depth of dryness storehouse.In general operating practice, in order to discharge on the dryness storehouse bottom surface or near the cereal this bottom surface, generally adopt as United States Patent (USP) 3,563,399 and 3,765,547 described scraper-type augers, perhaps adopt other approximate equipment of function with it, there is the defective of some size aspect in the manufacturing of this sometimes scraper-type auger, thereby can not rightly the cereal in the flat surface be discharged.For peasant household,, still continued to use when these scraper-type augers experience wear and after having lost the integrality of its size, this thing also is common, at this moment, the paddy layer of being discharged by the scraper-type auger will be deep mixed along the length direction of pusher.

If attempt makes the drying process optimization and adopts a kind of degree of depth is 18 inches to 3 feet low depth paddy layer, and adopt when employed distributor replenishes the cereal of discharging in the industrial production now, some holes or the lower zone of some cereal degree of depth can appear on the surface of cereal.The appearance in these holes is to repeat rotation owing to have the scraper-type auger of defective near the bottom surface of dryness storehouse, irregular paddy layer is removed to cause again and again.In case an eye or the zone that the paddy layer depth is lower occur, a big chunk energy in the dry air will pass this hole and without losing, the efficient of drier will reduce greatly with utilizing.

Some other additive factor, for example near the scraper plate rotating speed bottom surface, storehouse is inhomogeneous, also may cause the appearance in the lower zone of hole or paddy layer depth.

The paddy bed degree of depth of the desired maintenance of people is low more, and it is all the more obvious that above-mentioned phenomenon will become.

In addition, many devices of the prior art also are unsuccessful, for example, invest little charles Lambert (Charles Lambert, United States Patent (USP) 3 Jr.), 755, disclosed a kind of being used in 917 damp grain is carried out dry rotor segment device, this screeding device in the patent of Lambert has a carrier pipe, is used for scattering out on the bottom surface of dryness storehouse a uniform cereal plane, no matter cereal is admitted to the speed of the speed of dryness storehouse, its distribution speed all is constant.Cereal is smooth by an edge combing of radially extending that is positioned at its back lower place of this pipe.This screeding device also has a repairing auger, and when rotating near its bottom surface in the chamber, it leads over above-mentioned pipeline, so that this pipeline is scattered cereal down when rotate time around dryness storehouse and does the repairing processing last.Because this repairing auger can not break away from pipeline and self-movement, and turns round on same horizontal plane with this conveyance conduit, so it can only remove the cereal that scatters when a circle rotates.Like this, in first loopful shape rotating process of screeding device, cereal can not get abundant drying.

This equipment all is weak aspect some, first by the time collected wet cereal must recycle (little Lambert with the wet cereal that has just entered, the 6th is listed as the 32nd～44 row), at every turn by the time both comprised in whole cereal of being discharged and to have comprised the cereal of the comparison humidity at its top again near the dried grain at the bottom of the storehouse.And, because smooth effect is to be finished by the rear wall of carrier pipe,, just can't adjust the plane that cereal keeps if do not change the physical arrangement of this rear wall.

Because some cereal or other granule materials can obtain effective dry when the different degree of depth, thus wish to change the degree of depth of cereal according to the humidity of the air that leaves the material that is dried, and the device of little Lambert can not provide this regulatory function.

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of equipment and method of having improved, be used for scattering the particle of cereal one class in reverse-flow or the parallel type dryness storehouse, it can overcome problem and defective in the above-mentioned prior-art devices.This cereal dispenser can be combined in reaching in the past of coming of new and use in the upright tower silo of mounted tradition.This class dryness storehouse generally has a vertical axes, and sidewall and one are positioned on the basis, storehouse, first bottom surface and the dry bottom surface that is spaced from.Have a central opening on this drying bottom surface, also have one around annular section, have the hole on the bottom surface, so as can to allow in the atmosphere air or therefrom pass upwards (or downwards) through the air of heating and ventilate.Utilize a kind of grain feeder or high-order surge tank grain stream can be sent into and carry out drying in the chamber.The scraper-type auger that is disclosed in utilization and the United States Patent (USP) 3,563,399 and 3,765,547 is similar, and the equivalent that perhaps has close function is discharged contiguous dry paddy layer from the bottom surface of drier.

According to the present invention, thisly comprise a distribution auger that radially extends through improved cereal dispenser, it has first end and the second end, and this distribution auger is rotatably installed in the inside of dryness storehouse, so that rotate around the vertical pivot of this dryness storehouse.The wet cereal that enters is carried out distribution by the following mode of narrating, thereby forms a conforming layer on the dryness storehouse bottom surface, and it has predetermined special surface configuration, and with a kind of reflux type or and the stream mode be dried.In dried grain, also mechanically the cereal in the contiguous paddy layer in dryness storehouse bottom surface is shifted out, and discharge outside dryness storehouse.This cereal dispenser can be kept a kind of constant cereal surface configuration, planar shaped preferably, and it neither is subjected to the influence that has a net increase of or subtract only of cereal in the dryness storehouse, and the inhomogeneity of cereal layer that also is not subjected to be shifted out at the bottom of the storehouse influences.

The present invention can realize that each pusher has first end and the second end by a plurality of distribution augers that radially extend.Each distribution auger that radially extends can combine with a scraper-type load displacing screw pusher that radially extends.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind ofly carries out dry improving one's methods to cereal in dryness storehouse.Above-mentioned equipment can be operated according to several modes, comprising four kinds of main patterns, promptly constant depth pattern, floating mode, be the pattern and the Artificial Control pattern of foundation with humidity.In the constant depth pattern, bright as its name referring, the distribution auger is positioned in a certain distance on the hothouse bottom surface according to the desirable cereal degree of depth.The inlet of control cereal, thus the horizontal plane of cereal and the surface configuration of cereal are remained unchanged.This operator scheme needs an outside hold-up tank usually, and when needs kept depth desired, cereal can obtain from this basin.

In the operator scheme of floating, cereal is continuously added in the hothouse, and the distribution auger raises, and adapting to the horizontal plane that adds cereal, and continues to keep a kind of smooth cereal surface.In case the wet grain stream that enters stops or speed is slack-off, this distribution auger is just along with discharge and the reduction of cereal horizontal plane and descend of dried grain from the storehouse.

In the humidity sensitive pattern, the airborne vapor content of discharging from cereal is measured, and it and vapor content in the saturated air are compared.If its vapor content is lower than saturated level, the auger that then distributes will be enhanced a higher level.The paddy layer depth that dry air must be passed increases, thereby the airborne humidity of discharging from cereal is increased.Discharge air humidity by increasing, make it, can make the cereal dry run realize optimization near this mode of saturation point.

If moisture content reaches capacity, then should just be lowered by the distribution auger, the particle in the dryness storehouse subtracts only, till above-mentioned humidity is during a little less than saturation point.Pusher slightly upwards rises a bit more then, up to once more near saturation point.

In the manually-operated pattern, this pattern is fixed mode a kind of modification, this distribution auger relies on manual type to be adjusted to a desirable level of top at the bottom of the storehouse, as fixed mode, the inlet of control cereal, thus the horizontal plane of paddy layer and the surface configuration of cereal are remained unchanged.

Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the partial cut of cereal dispenser of the present invention, and dispenser is positioned horizontally in the reverse-flow cereal dryness storehouse, is provided with a vertical discharge auger that is placed in the center in the storehouse;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of a reverse-flow cereal dryness storehouse, and wherein horizontal positioned dispenser of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the assembly drawing of funnel of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the assembly drawing of flattening device;

Fig. 5 is the assembly drawing of cylindrical shell of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the cereal dispenser of the present invention that is placed in the reverse-flow cereal dryness storehouse, and a load displacing screw pusher is arranged in the storehouse, and it is positioned at the below of the forced draught bottom surface of dryness storehouse;

Fig. 7 is the sectional drawing of a cereal dispenser in the dryness storehouse;

Fig. 8 represents that the present invention is used for a parallel type drier;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram, and it shows that the vertical pivot structure of dispenser of the present invention and dryness storehouse has a certain degree; And

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention, for artificial operator scheme designs.

The present invention is suitable for many multi-form embodiment, represented in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail an only most preferred embodiment of the present invention, be understood that, open only principle of the present invention is carried out illustration what this did, can not with the present invention widely characteristic only be confined among the described embodiment.

Fig. 1 discloses a kind of adverse current type cereal dryness storehouse, and its whole label is 10, and it comprises a rounded bottom surface with holes 11, and the bottom surface is positioned on the basis 12 of dryness storehouse, and constitutes a force ventilated chamber 13 with it.Bottom surface 11 with holes has a central opening 14, and it is concentric with the vertical axis of dryness storehouse 10.This dryness storehouse also has the columnar vertical sidewall 16 that a corrugated metal material of usefulness is made, and top, the storehouse of a taper 18, thereby has constituted a center hothouse 20.Storehouse top 18 has a central opening 22, can allow moist cereal therefrom enter and the saturated air of moisture is therefrom discharged.If adopt the parallel type drying, opening 22 is sealed along the periphery of wet cereal ingate, in case dry air escapes in the atmosphere.If adopt reverse-flow drying, then top, cabin 18 has not just needed, and does not establish Cang Ding, and the air that is full of moisture can freely be drained in the atmosphere and go.

It is dried grain that the typical case of this dryness storehouse 10 uses, yet it also can be used to the material of the graininess or the grains of dry some other humidity, for example various cereals and wood chip.Though here be to discuss at the drying of cereal,, the present invention is not limited in dried grain, and it also comprises the material of other various graininess or grains.

Wet cereal 23 can enter dryness storehouse 10 via the central opening 22 of Cang Ding from an external buffer jar 24, also can utilize the conventional apparatus of a kind of loading auger pusher 26 and so on, with its from peasant's truck directly via the central opening dryness storehouse of packing into.The wet grain stream that comes from loading auger pusher 26 via one at the bottom of the storehouse 11 funnel shaped magazine 28 directly flow into hothouses 20 downwards, described magazine 28 be positioned at dryness storehouse 10 the top and with central opening 22 concentric settings.

In a single day wet cereal 23 enter dryness storehouse 10, can carry out drying according to any suitable mode, for example can adopt United States Patent (USP) 4,599, and the method that is disclosed in 809 and 4,750,273 is carried out drying, and these two pieces of patents are used as reference paper at this.Fig. 1 has represented an air blast 30, it is installed near the sidewall 16 in storehouse in the ordinary way, so that the air that will heat or not heat is blown into forced-ventilation chamber 13, make air pass at the bottom of the storehouse 11 again, cereal 23, hothouse 20 is discharged from storehouse 10 via the central opening 22 at top at last, enters atmosphere.

After cereal 23 is dried, just from dryness storehouse 10, discharged immediately, preferably it is entered one and be arranged in the outside bunker 32.For cereal 23 is discharged from dryness storehouse 10, the scraper-type auger 34 that can adopt one or more groups radially to extend and be oppositely arranged also has a discharging auger 36 that vertically extends.Scraper-type auger 34 rotatably is contained in the dryness storehouse 10, as United States Patent (USP) 3,563, (this document is used as reference at this) like that described in 399, so that across at the bottom of the storehouse 11, vertical pivot around dryness storehouse 10 horizontally rotates, and also does self rotation around their axis separately simultaneously.Scraper-type auger 34 moves the axial section of cereal in the direction of load displacing screw pusher 36, this load displacing screw pusher is coaxial mounted with the vertical pivot in storehouse, it can raise up cereal central opening 14 of 11 at the bottom of the storehouse, and discharges bin 10.

For cereal is discharged the central opening 14 on 11 at the bottom of the storehouse, can also adopt a kind of bottom discharge auger 37(as shown in Figure 6).

If storehouse top opening 14 is sealed up and air blast 30 is installed on the sidewall 16 in storehouse, the present invention can also be used for parallel type drier 10, as shown in Figure 8, at this moment, the direction of motion of air stream will be opposite with the direction of reverse-flow drier shown in Figure 1, and air is to discharge from the bottom of the dryness storehouse that is positioned at 11 belows, bottom surface, storehouse.

As shown in Figure 7, the cereal in the dryness storehouse is divided into three level courses, and one deck is positioned on another layer.Ground floor 40 is skims, and its is near at the bottom of storehouse 11 and discharged by scraper-type auger 34.The 3rd layer 42 is the cereal that will be dispersed in the skim humidity in the storehouse, and the second layer 44 separates ground floor 40 and the 3rd layer 42.When cereal was removed from ground floor 40, other cereal were added to again on the 3rd layer, so that to being filled up by the gap that discharge caused of cereal.Even the cereal layer that the scraper-type auger is discharged is inhomogeneous, smooth auger 52 also can put down a cereal thin layer, promptly the 3rd layer, makes it above-mentioned uneven discharge is compensated.Like this, in the whole process of the charging of cereal and discharging, can keep a kind of desirable surface configuration.

In order farthest to bring into play the efficient of grain dryer 10, keep a kind of constant cereal degree of depth and cereal configuration whole dryness storehouse 20 planted agents as far as possible.The surface configuration of cereal is preferably plane, and its constant depth is preferably between 18 inches to 3 feet, and concrete size depends on humidity and other operating conditions of cereal.This point is also referred to as flattening device sometimes by using a cereal distribution and flattening device 50() finish.This device has 51, one along continuous straight runs settings of a support and by the distribution auger 52 that radially extends, also has a collection funnel 54.The cable 56 of the central opening 22 of flattening device 50 by passing Cang Ding is suspended in the dryness storehouse 10, rotatable and be slidably mounted in load displacing screw pusher 36 near.This flattening device also can be as shown in Figure 9, with the vertical pivot installation that has a certain degree.If dryness storehouse has a bottom discharge auger 37(Fig. 6), 50 of flattening devices are installed on the central shaft 57 in some way, and this point will elaborate in the back.Whole flattening device 50 can slide up and down and around its rotation along load displacing screw pusher 36.

Fig. 4 shows, the support 51 of distribution and flattening device 50 is made of the suspended wall 62 that a columnar housing 60 and radially extends, housing 60 be installed in load displacing screw pusher 36 around, and the nylined bearing 63(Fig. 5 by annular) two ends that make housing are supported in the mode of axle journal, thereby housing 60 can be rotated around load displacing screw pusher 36.Housing 60 cylindraceous has a top 66 and a bottom 68, is a cylindrical main body portion 70 in the middle of the two.The flange 72(Fig. 5 that has an annular in the upper end 66 of tubular shell), also have the support 73 that two perpendicular separations are opened on the housing.The end 75 of each support 73 all is provided with the hole 74 of alignment, and overhead guard 76 is stuck on the annular lip 72, housing 60 cylindraceous is closed, but between them enough gaps are arranged again, so that this main part 70 cylindraceous can rotate in overhead guard 76.One group of along the circumferential direction spaced eyenut 77 passes the eyelet in the overhead guard 76.Cable 56 is fixed by eyenut 77 so that will distribute and flattening device 50 is suspended on the top of hothouse base plate 11.

By a vertical pillar 80 of placing, housing 60 cylindraceous is fixed on the suspended wall 62.Pillar 80 preferably adopts the square pipe manufacturing, and the middle part of pillar 80 has some vertically spaced apertures 82, and the eyelet 74 of these holes and support 73 ends 75 is complementary.Bolt is passed hole 74 in the support 73, pass the corresponding eyelet 82 in the pillar 80 again, and use a nut screwing clamping, so just can be fixed on pillar 80 on the cylinder shell 60.

Next, by a fixed mount 90 that is extended out by the lower end 92 of pillar 80, pillar 80 can be fixed on the cantilever 62, its fixed form is identical with the mode that pillar 80 is fixed on the cylindrical housing 60.One section support column 83 is connected to each other the middle part of pillar 80 with cantilever 62, provides additional support to this suspended wall 62.

The very important point is that the weight of flattening device 50 will evenly distribute, and it could slide up and down around the vertical pivot rotation and along axle like this.One balance weight 84 correspondingly is installed on the crossbeam 85, so that the weight of balance flattening device 50, described crossbeam 85 is radially to extend along the direction opposite with cantilever 62.Crossbeam 85 supports by a cables or chain 86, and this cable is connected to each other the middle part of collection funnel 54 with crossbeam 85 together.Will speak of as following, when flattening device 50 usefulness manual types are operated (Figure 10), balance weight 84 and crossbeam 85 all are unnecessary.

Distribution auger 52 rotatably is installed in first and second opposite ends 100 and 102 of cantilever 62, the driver element 104 of distribution auger apparatus is fixed on first end 100 of cantilever 62, so that provide power to make the axis rotation of distribution auger 52, make the vertical pivot rotation of flattening device 50 simultaneously again around dryness storehouse 10 around himself.

Driver element 104(Fig. 4) constitutes by an electro-motor 106, it is installed on the cantilever 62 by means of motor base 108.The output shaft 110(of this electro-motor is not shown) insert in the casing 114, this output shaft drives a motor and drives the belt rotation by a belt drives reducing gear that is placed in the casing 114, and this mode is being very common in the art.First end 122 of distribution auger 52 directly links to each other with this reducing gear, so that provide power to make the axis rotation of this distribution auger 52 around himself.

Electric power is by a collector ring 123(Fig. 5) offer electro-motor 106, this collector ring is placed around load displacing screw pusher 36, and is stuck in the inside of the cylinder shell 60 between annular lip 72 and overhead guard 76.The inner surface of this collector ring is made with nylon, plays the effect of axle mutual 63, and like this, it just can rotate freely around the vertical axis of dryness storehouse.Electric power is sent to collector ring 123 by an external power source, and collector ring is sent to electro-motor 106 and other electrically-actuated devices with power by the electric wire (not shown) again.

In order to make smooth paddy course extend to sidewall 16 places in storehouse outward always, wish second end, or the cereal at 102 places, outer end do not reach before the desired level at cantilever 62, prevent to distribute and flattening device 50 around the vertical pivot rotation of dryness storehouse 10.For this purpose, Fig. 4 shows a kind of brake assemblies 130, and this assembly is fixed on the second end 102 of cantilever 62.This brake assemblies 130 comprises braking 132, one drums 134 of cutter and an auger cover 135.Braking cutter 132 pivotally is installed on the cantilever 62 by a brake holder 134, drum 134 pivotably is installed on the axle, this mode with the axle journal supporting is installed, its the inner 137 is positioned on the brake holder of using as pivot 134,138 of its outer ends are positioned in the end of playing pivot action of bulging arm 140, the other end of drum arm 140 then links to each other with a hard-wired support 142, and this support is fixed on the cantilever 62.

Auger cover 135 is installed in the place ahead of drum 134 on the cantilever 62, that is to say, when smooth assembly 50 during around the rotation of the vertical pivot of dryness storehouse 10, cover is positioned at the place ahead of drum 134.The section of this auger cover 135 is curved, and its leading edge 141 is lower than its trailing edge 142.Outside when mobile under the effect of distribution auger 52 when cereal, this layout of auger cover 135 can be pushed into cereal the below of drum 134.

When cereal did not reach the expection height as yet, drum 134 deflected downwards under the gravity effect, and braking cutter 132 is also deflected down, and had so just stoped the vertical pivot rotation of flattening device around dryness storehouse 10.Under the effect of auger cover 135, when cereal was pushed to the below of drum 134, drum 134 promptly was raised to the height of an expection by cereal, mentioned thereby will brake cutter 132, allowed flattening device 50 and drum 134 to rotate.

Will more go through as following, people also wish can to the rotating speed of smooth and distribution apparatus 50 and and hothouse bottom surface 11 between distance control, and this control also is with various parameters, the degree of depth of such as grain, humidity and other factors of discharging air are basic.Fig. 2 and Fig. 6 have represented a cereal sensor 150, and it roughly is placed in second end, 102 places near cantilever 62.This cereal sensor 150 comprises that a microswitch 152(is not shown), switch has an elongated arm 152, and whether this arm can react to the existence of cereal, thereby switch 152 is started or closes.This switch 152 links to each other with a controller 160, controller or comprise a kind of hardware circuit plate or a microcomputer, and they can be controlled smooth and distribution apparatus 50 according to message.

Collection funnel 54(Fig. 3) be fixed on the cylindrical shell 60 and be installed in housing around.This funnel 54 has one and is roughly circular cereal inlet 160, also has sidewall 162, this sidewall inwardly shrinks gradually, thereby has constituted the garden shape outlet 164 of a diameter less than inlet 160.100, one cereal deflectors 166 of first end that grain outlet 164 is positioned at the most approaching distribution auger 52 are installed in the front portion of funnel 54, and near hopper outlet 164, it helps grain stream to deflect towards first end 100 of distribution auger.

Smooth and distribution apparatus 50 can be operated with four kinds of patterns at least, i.e. constant depth pattern, floating mode, humidity sensitive pattern and manual mode.Operation smooth and distribution apparatus is to be controlled by the controller 160 that is placed in the control cabinet, and a control panel is housed in the control cabinet.

When adopting the constant depth pattern, distribution and flattening device 50 are maintained on the fixing proper level of 11 tops, bottom surface, chamber, and for most cereal, this distance is between 18 inches to 3 feet.In the constant depth pattern, the peasant can all pour the wet cereal that harvesting in ground takes into the surge tank 24, and the operator of flattening device 50 can select the operator scheme of constant depth on control panel, thereby starts flattening device 50.

At first, controller 160 utilizes a capstan winch 210 to reduce or raises flattening device 50, make it reach a desirable height, the length of described capstan winch 210 control cables 56, and this cable 56 is suspended in flattening device 50 top of bottom surface, chamber 11, like this, cereal just can have an even curface.In case flattening device 50 is on the desirable horizontal plane, controller 160 will start loading auger pusher 26, this pusher will take out cereal from surge tank 24, make cereal flow through the central opening 22 of Cang Ding continuously, under the effect of gravity, directly fall, pass hopper 28 and enter in the collection funnel 54, fall distribution auger 52 again, fall at last on the hothouse bottom surface 11.When cereal begins to flow in the hothouse 20, distribution auger 52 will be activated, and it will be along the axis rotation of himself, thereby the cereal of sending into is radially outwards distributed towards the direction of chamber sidewall 16.

When braking cutter 132 upwards was pushed into the level of an expectation, flattening device 50 just began the vertical pivot rotation around dryness storehouse 10.In case brake 130 is closed, flattening device 50 will move forward, and have an effect once more up to this brake 130, stop the rotation of flattening device 50.This process will continue always, and on the whole radial width in dryness storehouse bottom surface 11, the cereal that uniformly dispersing reaches till the desirable horizontal plane.

When cereal was admitted in the dryness storehouse 10, the dry run of cereal began immediately.To force by wet cereal 23 through heating or without the air of heating, through one period desirable time cycle, in other words when cereal reaches a desirable water content or desirable humidity, scraper-type auger 34 and load displacing screw pusher 36 will be activated, dried cereal is discharged from bottom surface, chamber 11 in the mode of radial motion, and be admitted in the storage warehouse 32.

When cereal is moved out of from ground floor 40, the apparent height of cereal will descend towards scraper-type auger 34, and distribution auger 52 will continue rotation.As described above, the space that discharge caused of cereal is filled, make the degree of depth of cereal keep constant, and have a desirable surface configuration.Yet when cereal sensor 150 is measured cereal and has been on the desirable level face, loading auger pusher 26 and distribution auger 52 all will be closed, till the existence that the discharge rate of cereal is enough to make cereal sensor 150 can not detect cereal.After the existence of cereal can not have been detected by sensor again, distribution auger 52 and loading auger pusher 26 preferably can continue to keep one very short period in off position, so that make scraper-type auger 34 prior to distribution auger 52 segment distance of doing more physical exercises, discharge the cereal in the bigger radial extension.She Ji purpose is in order to prevent to distribute and loading auger pusher 54 and 26 is started continuously at short notice and closes like this.

If employing floating mode, the peasant can be with cereal continuously to add in the dryness storehouse 10 by a kind of pusher that is similar to loading auger pusher 26 in the ground, because cereal is by in the storehouse of packing into continuously, in this pattern, controller 160 needn't be controlled loading auger pusher 26.As fixed mode, cereal is scattered in a kind of like this form from the beginning, and promptly the cereal degree of depth is 18 inches to 3 feet, and the degree of depth of the cereal Anywhere in whole dryness storehouse all is uniform.Yet, when the addition of wet cereal surpasses the discharge rate of dried grains, the plane of cereal will be higher than desirable plane, for this floating mode, when cereal sensor 150 is felt existing of cereal, controller 160 will make capstan winch 210 actions, raise to distribute and flattening device 50, till cereal sensor 150 can not detect cereal.After cereal can not be detected, the rising of flattening device 50 preferably can continue one period short time again, to prevent that flattening device 50 from rising again after the very short time interval, loading auger pusher 26 is with continuous rotation, cereal is constantly outwards distributed, and brake 130 will be activated, to prevent the vertical pivot rotation of flattening device 50 around the storehouse, reach certain level until drum 134, brake cuts out till.

In the charging process of dryness storehouse 10, sometimes the inflow velocity of wet cereal can be less than the velocity of discharge of dried grains, the horizontal plane of cereal can descend, if cereal sensor 150 can not detect the existence of cereal in preset time interval, preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour this time interval, controller 160 will start the height that capstan winch 210 reduces flattening devices 50, up to cereal sensor 150 senses of touch till the cereal.

The humidity sensitive operator scheme is the remodeling of said fixing pattern.Yet when adopting the humidity sensitive pattern, the desirable level face of flattening device 50 is to be determined by the airborne water content of discharging from cereal.For this reason, need to be contained in a relative humidity sensor 220 on the cantilever 62 or the sidewall 16 in storehouse on.The humidity of discharging air is sent to controller 160, compares with selected desirable relative air humidity there, is lower than selected ideal humidity if discharge the humidity of air, and then flattening device will be raised a predetermined altitude, for example 6 inches.If its moisture content is greater than ideal value, then loading auger pusher 26 and distribution auger 52 will be closed, and be discharged from up to the cereal that q.s is arranged, and auger 52 is reduced by 6 inches, make its moisture content reach ideal value.This process will repeat, up to the humidity of discharging air be in one can received ideal humidity scope within, this humidity is generally near saturated air, thereby reaches maximum efficient.In addition, its technical process will be identical with the fixing operation pattern.

When adopting the manually-operated pattern, flattening device 50 is to rely on artificial mode to be suspended on the ideal height of 11 tops, bottom surface, storehouse.As shown in figure 10, second end of distribution auger 52 utilizes the support ring 300 of an annular and a rolling to hang support 302 suspensions, this support ring 300 is installed in desirable height on the sidewall of storehouse in adjustable mode, thereby the annular that forms around the dryness storehouse whole circumference supports.Rolling is hung support 302 and is fixed on the flattening device 50, so that second end 102 of auger 52 is supported.When auger 52 rotated around dryness storehouse, rolling was hung support 302 and is rotated on the end face of support ring 300.First end of flattening device 50 is fixed by an adjustable support 304 that is installed on the minor axis 306, as mentioned above, can control the grain stream that flows into, and is in a desirable level to keep cereal.

If making the surface configuration of cereal is not planar shaped, and be held in other shapes, might improve the drying efficiency of cereal, for example, for those special particles, the size of each is significantly different, at this moment, just the possibility high concentration is near vertical pivot for smaller particles, and bigger particle is the sidewall 16 in close storehouse then.It is more more difficult than the larger particles that it passes the periphery that is positioned at bottom surface, storehouse 11 that the hot-air of being sent into by air blast 30 passes the fine particle of the mid portion that is positioned at bottom surface, storehouse 11, at this moment, wishes that its surperficial shape keeps a kind of back taper.The surface of this back taper can be achieved by flattening device shown in Figure 9, the vertical pivot structure that promptly hangs flattening device and storehouse 10 at an angle, this configuration can be achieved by the long-term degree that shortens tubular support thing 83.

The surface configuration of this back taper also can be by raising the distribution auger second end 102 in advance to realize that at this moment, pusher and vertical pivot constitute an acute angle.

Below some special embodiment are described and narrate, under the situation of the not obvious disengaging principle of the invention, can also make people remember many amendment schemes, thereby protection scope of the present invention is only determined by the scope of appending claims.

Claims (52)

1, a kind of equipment that is used for scattering the bin granule materials, described bin have a bottom surface and a vertical axes that extends out from the bottom surface, it is characterized in that this equipment comprises:

Granule materials is sent into device in the storehouse;

The device of exhaust particulate matter material from the storehouse;

The device of granule materials in the distribution storehouse; And

Make distance between distribution apparatus and the granule materials maintain a kind of device of perfect condition, it is not entered the influence that the granule materials in the dryness storehouse has a net increase of or subtracts only.

2, equipment as claimed in claim 1, the particle that wherein is distributed has a kind of surface configuration, it is characterized in that this equipment also comprises:

Keep the device that the particle surface state is essentially planar shaped.

3, equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, distribution apparatus comprises a distribution auger.

4, equipment as claimed in claim 3, the auger that it is characterized in that distributing is a horizontal positioned.

5, equipment as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that this distribution auger is arranged to outwards and the vertical pivot structure at an angle.

6, equipment as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that it comprises:

Be used to regulate the device of angle between distribution auger and the vertical pivot.

7, equipment as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the distribution auger is to be rotatably installed in the dryness storehouse, can rotate around the dryness storehouse vertical pivot.

8, equipment as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: make to keep the device of a preset distance to comprise between distribution apparatus and the granule materials:

The sensing device whether granule materials that detection is distributed exists; And

To the device that sensing device responds, it can make the distribution auger move along vertical pivot, so that the preset distance between granule materials and the distribution auger is remained unchanged.

9, equipment as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: sensing device comprises:

A switch, it has first and second position of the switch, and this switch is reacted to the existence of granule materials, and switch is moved on to the second switch position that granule materials exists from non-existent first position of the switch of particle.

10, equipment as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: sensing device is responded, the distribution auger is comprised along the device that vertical pivot moves:

A capstan winch;

Capstan winch is connected to device on the distribution auger; And

The device that capstan winch is controlled.

11, a kind of equipment that is used for scattering the dryness storehouse granule materials, described dryness storehouse have a bottom surface and a vertical pivot that extends out from the bottom surface, and it is characterized in that: this equipment comprises:

Granule materials is sent into device in the dryness storehouse;

The device of exhaust particulate matter material from the storehouse;

The device of granule materials in the distribution storehouse; And

Distribution apparatus is remained near the granule materials device, and it is not subjected to the influence that granule materials has a net increase of or subtracts only in the dryness storehouse.

12, equipment as claimed in claim 11, the particle that wherein is distributed have a surface configuration, it is characterized in that: this equipment also comprises:

Keep the device that particle surface is flat shape basically.

13, equipment as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that: distribution apparatus comprises a distribution auger.

14, equipment as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that: the distribution auger is a horizontal positioned.

15, equipment as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: the distribution auger be outwards be provided with the vertical pivot structure at an angle.

16, equipment as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that: it comprises:

The device that angle between distribution auger and the vertical pivot is adjusted.

17, equipment as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: the distribution auger is rotatably installed in the dryness storehouse, so that rotate around the vertical pivot of dryness storehouse.

18, equipment as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that: near the device that distribution apparatus is remained on the granule materials comprises:

The sensing device whether detection exists the granule materials that is distributed; And

Sensing device is responded, the distribution auger is moved along vertical pivot, to keep the device of dispenser near granule materials.

19, equipment as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that: sensing device comprises:

A switch, it has first and second position of the switch, and this switch is reacted to the existence of granule materials, thereby switch is moved on to the second switch position that granule materials exists from non-existent first position of the switch of granule materials.

20, equipment as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that: sensing device is responded, the distribution auger is comprised along the device that vertical pivot moves:

A capstan winch;

Capstan winch is connected to device on the distribution auger; And

The device that capstan winch is controlled.

21, a kind of equipment that is used for scattering the dryness storehouse granule materials, described dryness storehouse have a bottom surface and a vertical pivot that extends out from this bottom surface, and it is characterized in that: this equipment comprises:

Granule materials is sent into device in the dryness storehouse;

The device that granule materials is discharged from dryness storehouse;

Feeder is regulated so that make granule materials in the storehouse remain on the device of a desirable degree of depth; And

The device that keeps a kind of desirable particle surface state.

22, equipment as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that: the device of distributed granule comprises a distribution auger.

23, equipment as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that: the distribution auger is that level is laid.

24, equipment as claimed in claim 23 is characterized in that: the distribution auger is rotatably installed in the storehouse, so that rotate around the vertical pivot in storehouse.

25, equipment as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that: the distribution auger has first end and second end, and its first end is positioned near the vertical pivot, and the distribution auger also comprises a brake.

26, equipment as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that: brake is fixed on second end of distribution auger.

27, equipment as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that: brake has an enable position, and the distribution auger can not rotate around vertical pivot on this position, also has a closed position, the distribution auger can rotate around vertical pivot on this position, and this brake also comprises:

The existence that is positioned at the particle on the ideal granule degree of depth is responded so that the device that brake cuts out.

28, device as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that: the surface state of particle is a planar shaped.

29, device as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that: the device that granule materials is sent in the storehouse comprises:

One is transported into conveyer in the storehouse with granule materials;

The detection sensing device that whether particle exists on desirable particle depth; And

Sensing device is responded the device that conveyer is controlled.

30, a kind of equipment that is used for scattering the dryness storehouse granule materials, described dryness storehouse have a bottom surface and a vertical pivot that extends out from the bottom surface, it is characterized in that this equipment comprises:

Granule materials is sent into device in the storehouse;

An auger, it is positioned on the height of top, bottom surface, storehouse, so that the granule materials of sending in the dryness storehouse is distributed;

The sensing device that the degree of depth of the granule materials that distributed is detected; And

Sensing device is responded, so that auger is carried out the highly device of adjusting with respect to the degree of depth of institute's distributed granule material.

31, equipment as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that: auger is horizontally disposed.

32, equipment as claimed in claim 31, it is characterized in that: auger is rotatably installed, and it can be around the vertical pivot rotation in storehouse.

33, equipment as claimed in claim 31 is characterized in that: auger be outwards be provided with the vertical pivot structure in storehouse at an angle.

34, equipment as claimed in claim 33, it is characterized in that: auger comprises:

The device that angle between auger and its vertical pivot is regulated.

35, a kind of described storehouse has an outer wall with pack into method in the storehouse of granule materials, and a bottom surface, and a vertical pivot that extends out from the bottom surface is characterized in that this method comprises:

Granule materials is sent in the storehouse;

The degree of depth to granule materials in the storehouse detects;

Granule materials in the storehouse is distributed;

According to the cereal degree of depth distribution of granule materials is controlled; And

Make the surface configuration of the granule materials that is distributed keep a kind of perfect condition.

36, method as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that: its ideal surfaced state that is distributed particle is a planar shaped.

37, method as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that: the step that granule materials is distributed comprises:

Radially granule materials is distributed.

38, method as claimed in claim 37 is characterized in that: radially the step of distributed granule material may further comprise the steps:

A distribution auger that radially extends is set, it has a cardan shaft and first end and the second end, and first end is near vertical pivot, and the second end is near the storehouse outer wall, the distribution auger is rotatably installed in the storehouse, can rotate around the vertical pivot in storehouse;

Grain flow is sent into first end of distribution auger;

Make the distribution auger along its axis rotation, thereby granule materials is sent to the second end of pusher from the first end of pusher; And

Make the vertical pivot rotation of pusher around the storehouse.

39, method as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that: the step of the distribution of granule materials being controlled according to the degree of depth of cereal may further comprise the steps:

A brake is set, and it has an enable position, and the distribution auger can not rotate around vertical pivot on this position, also has a closed position, and the distribution auger can rotate around vertical pivot on this position; And

The device of system being controlled the startup of device according to the degree of depth of granule materials is set.

40, a kind of with pack into method in the storehouse of granule materials, described storehouse has a bottom surface and a vertical pivot that extends out from the bottom surface, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:

Granule materials is sent in the storehouse;

Granule materials is discharged outside the storehouse;

An auger is set, so that the particle in the storehouse is distributed; And

The ideal distance that makes auger and be distributed between the particle remains unchanged, no matter the granule materials in the storehouse has a net increase of or subtracts only.

41, method as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that: it also comprises a step that the ideal surfaced state that is distributed granule materials is remained unchanged.

42, method as claimed in claim 41 is characterized in that: the ideal surfaced state that is distributed particle is a planar shaped.

43, method as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that: auger is horizontally disposed.

44, method as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that: make auger and be distributed the step that the ideal distance between the particle remains unchanged to comprise following each step:

Detect auger and be distributed distance between granule materials;

Ideal distance and detected distance are compared; And

Along vertical pivot displaced spirals pusher, so that keep auger and be distributed intergranular ideal distance.

45, a kind of with pack into method in the storehouse of granule materials, described storehouse has a bottom surface and one extended vertical pivot from the bottom surface, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:

Granule materials is sent in the storehouse;

Granule materials is discharged outside the storehouse;

An auger is set, so that the particle in the storehouse is distributed; And

No matter granule materials has a net increase of or subtracts only in the storehouse, keep auger adjacent particles material all the time.

46, method as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that: it comprises that also the granule materials that keeps being distributed has the step of desirable configuration of surface.

47, method as claimed in claim 46 is characterized in that: its desirable distributed granule configuration of surface is a planar shaped.

48, method as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that: auger is horizontally disposed.

49, method as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that: make auger comprise following each step near the step that is distributed granule materials all the time:

Detection is distributed the distance that particle leaves auger; And

Along vertical pivot displaced spirals pusher, make this pusher all the time near the granule materials that is distributed.

50, a kind of method that is used for the dryness storehouse granule materials, described storehouse has a bottom surface with holes, and air can pass the bottom surface and flow, and also has a vertical pivot that extends out from the bottom surface, it is characterized in that this method comprises following each step:

Granule materials is sent in the storehouse;

An auger is set, so that the granule materials of sending in the storehouse is distributed;

Drum send air to make it to pass the granule materials that is distributed, so that granule materials is carried out drying;

Humidity to the air of discharging from the granule materials that is distributed is measured; And

According to measured humidity auger is moved along vertical pivot.

51, method as claimed in claim 50 is characterized in that: this method also comprises the step of the ideal surfaced shape of the granule materials that maintenance is distributed.

52, method as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that: the surface configuration that is distributed granule materials that this is desirable is a planar shaped.

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