CN109329454A - A kind of preparation method of the nutrient blend oil for cooking with liver-protecting function - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the nutrient blend oil for cooking with liver-protecting function Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329454A CN109329454A CN201811328153.3A CN201811328153A CN109329454A CN 109329454 A CN109329454 A CN 109329454A CN 201811328153 A CN201811328153 A CN 201811328153A CN 109329454 A CN109329454 A CN 109329454A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D9/04—Working-up
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Abstract
The preparation method of the invention discloses a kind of nutrient blend oil for cooking with liver-protecting function, is related to edible oil preparation method, specifically a kind of with the preparation method for adjusting blood lipid, liver-protective nutrient blend oil for cooking.The nutrient blend oil for cooking is made of edible oil kind, weight ratio are as follows: 36 camellia oils, 34 walnut oils, 10 wheat-germ oils, 8 perilla herb oils, 7 safflower seed oils, 5 avocado oils；Preferably 35 olive oil, 35 walnut oils, 13 avocado oils, 12 linseed oil, 5 wheat-germ oils；Crude oil is sufficiently mixed, is stirred evenly, is protected from light, is stored at room temperature.It is an object of the invention to raw materials all to select nutritive value height, nutriment edible oil abundant, to prepare a novel nutrient blend oil for cooking with liver-protecting function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to edible oil preparation methods, specifically a kind of to have adjusting blood lipid, liver-protective battalion for cooking
Support the preparation method of ready-mixed oil.
Background technique
Carbohydrate, fat and protein are the main sources that our human bodies obtain energy daily.Wherein, it is fatty come
Source is mainly edible oil.Edible oil can not only increase the color of dish, manufacture the enjoyment in vision and the sense of taste, simultaneously also
Provide daily about 1/3 energy.Some fat-soluble nutriments, including vitamin A. D. E, K, phytosterol, squalene
Deng can also be absorbed by the body together with edible oil, therefore, suitable fat intake is conducive to human health.
Cooking oil includes animal oil and vegetable oil.Animal oil is mainly lard, butter, sheep oil, cream and fish oil etc., institute
Higher containing saturated fatty acid content, long-term consumption can significantly increase the content of TC and LDL-C in blood lipid.It unites according to epidemic data
Meter, hyper acid is also to cause atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and induce nonalcoholic fatty liver, insulin resistance for saturated fat
One of risk factor.Vegetable oil such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil etc., compared to animal oil, saturated fatty acid
Content is low, and unsaturated fatty acid is high, and is rich in micronutrient abundant, especially with camellia oil, rice bran oil, perilla herb oil etc.
Edible oil, the fatty acid proportion that fatty acid proportion is suggested closer to the World Health Organization and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), contains
Bioactive ingredients type more horn of plenty, is relatively beneficial to body metabolism demand.
According to the suggestion of Chinese residents dietary guidelines, the fatty acid proportion in different vegetable oil is different, should often replace
The type of oil eats various plants oil.In order to solve problems, ready-mixed oil market is come into being.Ready-mixed oil, also known as high conjunction
Oil is the chemical component according to edible oil, using table oil as matrix oil, is added one or more kinds of with functional characteristic
Edible oil, through scientific allocation at having effects that the edible oil of augment nutritional.It is the master in China's inner wrapping edible vegetable oil
Product is wanted, 2017 annual consumptions account for the nearly half of inner wrapping grease total amount up to 7,980,000 tons.Presently commercially available upper appearance it is various
Nutrient blend oil, the Asia mainly based on the edible oils such as soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and palm oil, mostly in the form of ω -6
Based on oleic acid, and excessive linoleic acid can inhibit the absorption of linolenic acid in human body.Also, as country is to the big of native resource
Power help, the health-care edible oils such as camellia oil, rice bran oil, wheat-germ oil can be more and more appear in market, to open
It sends out product such and has established good policy safeguard.
Rice bran oil is also known as Rice oil, is made from the by-product rice bran of paddy by squeezing method or lixiviation process.It is unsaturated
Content of fatty acid can reach 80% or more, and Linoleic acid and oleic acid ratio between two are about 1: 1.1, meets International Health Organization and pushes away
Recommend ratio.Have rich in micronutrients such as vitamin E, sterol, gamma oryzanol, γ-aminobutyric acids conducive to the absorption of human body
The cholesterol in blood is removed, blood lipid is reduced, promotes the beneficial effects such as growth in humans's development, thus is nutrition generally acknowledged both at home and abroad
Healthy oil.
Camellia oil is derived from seed also known as camellia seed oil, Wild camellia seed oil, tea-seed oil of tea oil tree etc., and color clear flavor incense is China
One of traditional edible oil.The average content of camellia oil oleic acid may be up to 80% or more, and be rich in tocopherol, squalene, plant steroid
The nutrients such as alcohol, polyphenol are a kind of vegetable edible oils that can be compared favourably with olive oil, there is " long life oil ", " king in oil " etc.
Good reputation.
Wheat-germ oil is also known as wheat-germ oil, is using wheat as a kind of cereal of waste oil.It has concentrated wheat
Nutrition essence, rich in nutriments such as vitamin E, phytosterol, n-octacosanol, phosphatide, and wherein content of vitamin E is reachable
To 250-550 milligrams/100 grams, it is one kind that content is most in each quasi-grease, has been acknowledged as one kind and has had much nutrition health-care functions
Functional grease.
Perilla herb oil is extracted from purple perilla seed rich in linolenic vegetable oil, also known as Purple Perilla Seed Oil or perilla oil.Its
Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid) content is high, and average content can reach 50% or more, more taller than linseed oil.
But perilla herb oil Linoleic acid content is very low, therefore should not use separately as cooking oil, is mostly mutually to supplement with other edible oils, reaches
The balance of fatty acid.
Avocado oil is also known as galam butter, is that avocado fruit is made through squeezing.Its fatty acid is mainly with oleic acid and linoleic acid
Composition, accounting is 80% or more.
It according to three kinds of fatty acid proportions and ω -6 and ω -3 ratio, is calculated by software, prepares nutrient blend oil for cooking.
The present invention not only conforms with modern consumer and pursues the theory of healthy diet, while driving the life of large and medium-sized enterprise's exploitation edible oil
It produces, drives the comprehensive utilization of China's native resource, reduce the dependence to external grease, there is extensive and good consumption market.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of nutrient blend oil for cooking, and it is an object of the invention to raw materials all to select
Nutritive value height, nutriment edible oil abundant, to prepare a novel nutrient blend oil for cooking.The feedstock oil includes
Olive oil, rice bran oil, camellia oil, walnut oil, safflower seed oil, wheat-germ oil, perilla herb oil, avocado oil, linseed oil.
Second object of the present invention is selected feedstock oil according to saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acids: mostly not
Saturated fatty acid=1: 3: 1, ω -6: ω -3=4-6: 1 is matched, and is measured by software analysis and gas phase, saturated fat
Acid: monounsaturated fatty acids: polyunsaturated fatty acid is close to 1: 3: 2, ω -6: ω -3 close to 5: 1.
Third object of the present invention is to probe into prepared nutrient blend oil to the acceptance level of consumer, passes through sense
The mode of official's evaluation is evaluated；To blood lipid, liver-protective effect is reduced, carried out by zoopery, including TG, TC,
The measurement of HDL-C, LDL-C carry out oil red to liver and HE are dyed, takes sections observation lesion situation.
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of preparation method of nutrient blend oil for cooking,
The nutrient blend oil for cooking is made of edible oil kind, weight ratio are as follows: 36 camellia oils, 34 walnut oils, and 10 wheat-germ oils,
8 perilla herb oils, 7 safflower seed oils, 5 avocado oils；Preferably 35 olive oil, 35 walnut oils, 13 avocado oils, 12 linseed oil, 5 wheats
Embryo oil；Crude oil is sufficiently mixed, is stirred evenly, is protected from light, is stored at room temperature.
A kind of preparation method of nutrient blend oil for cooking, preferably includes following weight ratio raw material: 40% walnut oil,
33 olive oil, 20 camellia oils, 13 linseed oil, 8 avocado oils, 6 safflower seed oils；Most preferably rice bran oil 40, camellia oil 25 are small
Wheat germ oil 20, perilla herb oil 10, avocado oil 5.
Preparation method of the present invention, further includes following steps:
(1) fatty acid proportion of each crude oil is measured；
(2) S: M: P and ω -6: the ω -3 principle ratio recommended according to authoritative nutrition mechanism, weighs each original by weight percentage
Oil；
(3) crude oil is sufficiently mixed, stirred evenly, be protected from light, be stored at room temperature.
The present invention passes through the fatty acid species and ratio of gas chromatographic detection ready-mixed oil, and carries out sensory evaluation.
The present invention chooses optimal proportion and carries out mouse animal experiment, detects relevant physiological biochemical indicator.Physiological and biochemical index
Including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C) and liver pathological section.
The present invention is applied to it to reducing blood lipid, pre- preventing obesity, liver-protective outside the index for meeting basic cooking oil
Effect is dedicated to designing and a meets all edible nutrition of men and women, old and young immediately following the development trend of country's " nutrition and health "
Cooking oil, for needed for human health.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with optimal embodiment below.
Embodiment 1
Camellia oil, walnut oil, wheat-germ oil, perilla herb oil, safflower seed oil, avocado oil are all from commercially available product oil.Because producing
The factors such as ground, weather, kind and extraction process, fatty acid composition will be different.With these types of oil for raw material, pass through gas phase
Chromatograph detects fatty acid composition therein and content, obtains table 1.
Each edible oil fatty acid of table 1 composition and content
According to testing result, it is analyzed according to the ratio of regulation and software, camellia oil, walnut oil, wheat-germ oil, purple perilla
Oil, safflower seed oil, the mass ratio of avocado oil respectively added are respectively 36%, 34%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 5%, are sufficiently stirred
It mixes uniformly, is placed in the preservation of the room temperature place of being protected from light.It takes 0.02g oil sample in teat glass, sequentially adds the hydroxide of 4ml 2mol/L
Sodium-methanol solution, vortex 2min, shaken at room temperature 30min stand 5 minutes.By 0.22 μm of organic membrane filtration of n-hexane layer
Laggard gas phase bottle carries out gaseous mass spectrum detection.The results are shown in Table 2.
The fatty acid of the nutrient blend oil 1 for cooking of table 2 forms and content
Embodiment 2
Walnut oil, olive oil, camellia oil, linseed oil, avocado oil, safflower seed oil are all from commercially available product oil.Because the place of production,
The factors such as weather, kind and extraction process, fatty acid composition will be different.With these types of oil for raw material, pass through gas phase color
Spectrometer detects fatty acid composition therein and content, obtains table 3.
Each edible oil fatty acid of table 3 composition and content
According to testing result, it is analyzed according to the ratio of regulation and software, walnut oil, olive oil, camellia oil, linseed oil,
Avocado oil, the mass ratio of safflower seed oil respectively added are respectively 40%, 33%, 20%, 13%, 8%, 6%, are sufficiently stirred
Uniformly, it is placed in the preservation of the room temperature place of being protected from light.It takes 0.02g oil sample in teat glass, sequentially adds the sodium hydroxide-of 4ml 2mol/L
Methanol solution, vortex 2min, shaken at room temperature 30min stand 5 minutes.N-hexane layer is laggard with 0.22 μm of organic membrane filtration
Gas phase bottle carries out gaseous mass spectrum detection.The results are shown in Table 4.
The fatty acid of the nutrient blend oil 2 for cooking of table 4 forms and content
Embodiment 3
Olive oil, walnut oil, avocado oil, linseed oil, wheat-germ oil are all from commercially available product oil.Because the place of production, weather,
The factors such as kind and extraction process, fatty acid composition will be different.With these types of oil for raw material, examined by gas chromatograph
Fatty acid composition therein and content are surveyed, table 5 is obtained.
Each edible oil fatty acid of table 5 composition and content
According to testing result, it is analyzed according to the ratio of regulation and software, olive oil, walnut oil, avocado oil, linseed oil,
The mass ratio of wheat-germ oil respectively added is respectively 35%, 35%, 13%, 12%, and 5% stirs, and is placed in often
The temperature place of being protected from light saves.It takes 0.02g oil sample in teat glass, sequentially adds sodium hydroxide-methanol solution of 4ml 2mol/L, whirlpool
2min, shaken at room temperature 30min are revolved, stands 5 minutes.N-hexane layer is subjected to gas with 0.22 μm of organic laggard gas phase bottle of membrane filtration
Phase Mass Spectrometer Method.The results are shown in Table 6.
The fatty acid of the nutrient blend oil 3 for cooking of table 6 forms and content
Embodiment 4
Rice bran oil, camellia oil, wheat-germ oil, perilla herb oil, avocado oil are all from commercially available product oil.Because of the place of production, weather, product
The factors such as kind and extraction process, fatty acid composition will be different.With these types of oil for raw material, detected by gas chromatograph
Fatty acid composition therein and content, obtain table 7.
Each edible oil fatty acid of table 7 composition and content
According to testing result, it is analyzed according to the ratio of regulation and software, rice bran oil, camellia oil, wheat-germ oil, purple perilla
Oil, the mass ratio of avocado oil respectively added are respectively 40%, 25%, 20%, 10%, 5%, are stirred, and are placed in often
The temperature place of being protected from light saves.It takes 0.02g oil sample in teat glass, sequentially adds sodium hydroxide-methanol solution of 4ml 2mol/L, whirlpool
2min, shaken at room temperature 30min are revolved, stands 5 minutes.N-hexane layer is carried out with 0.22 μm of organic laggard gas phase bottle of membrane filtration
Gaseous mass spectrum detection.The results are shown in Table 8.
The fatty acid of the nutrient blend oil 4 for cooking of table 8 forms and content
Laboratory report of the invention:
Test the sensory evaluation of 1 nutrient blend oil for cooking
1.1 experimental method
It is 1,2,3,4 that above-mentioned 4 kinds of ready-mixed oils are compiled at random, and volunteer is allowed to do its transparency, color, smell and flavour
It objectively evaluates out, the evaluation of every volunteer's complete independently indices, according to standards of grading, to 1,2,3,4 four kind of ready-mixed oil
It gives a mark.The ready-mixed oil sequence that every volunteer gives is not necessarily identical.30 volunteers are selected to carry out the evaluation of sample.Scoring
Standard is as follows:
9 sensory evaluation criteria table of table
1.2 experimental result
10 sample sensory test evaluation table of table
Note: result expression is average value.
Each group score mean value is as shown above.In each nutrient blend oil for cooking, the total score highest of ready-mixed oil 4.4 kinds of oil
Transparency it is close, the fragrance of ready-mixed oil 2,3 is stronger on smell, and the color of ready-mixed oil 1,4 is more bright-coloured, and ready-mixed oil
4 mouthfeel is more fine and smooth.
Test the fatty acid and ω -6 and ω -3 ratio of 2 nutrient blend oils for cooking
2.1 experimental method
According to embodiment 1-4, different feedstock oil is taken to be mixed by different proportion, obtains the nutrient blend oil.
It takes 0.02g oil sample in teat glass, sequentially adds sodium hydroxide-methanol solution of 4ml 2mol/L, vortex 2min, room temperature
30min is vibrated, stands 5 minutes.N-hexane layer is subjected to gaseous mass spectrum detection with 0.22 μm of organic laggard gas phase bottle of membrane filtration.
Each group data are handled using excel software, the fatty acid composition and content for obtaining each group (embodiment 1-4) ready-mixed oil are divided
Analysis, while the ratio of ω -6 and ω -3 is calculated.
2.2 experimental result
If saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acids: the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid is close to 1: 3: 1, by more conducively people
Body is digested and assimilated.And the ratio of ω -6 and ω -3 is between 4-6: 1, to maintain normal arterial pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, blood clotting and
Immune function etc. is more beneficial.
11 each group of table nutrient blend oil saturated fatty acid for cooking and unsaturated fatty acid content ratio
Note: S refers to that saturated fatty acid, M refer to that monounsaturated fatty acids, P refer to polyunsaturated fatty acid.
The ratio of table 12 each group ready-mixed oil ω -6 and ω -3
It can be obtained from table 11, for 1,2,3,4 unsaturated fatty acid ratio of ready-mixed oil more than 80%, ready-mixed oil 1 is even more to be greater than
90%.The monounsaturated fatty acids content highest of ready-mixed oil 4, but content of polyunsaturated fatty acid is minimum in 4.From three lipoids
From the point of view of fat acid ratio, relatively, but ready-mixed oil 4 is closer to 1: 3: 1 presetting ratio by S: P: M of 4 kinds of cooking oils.
It can be obtained from table 12, only have ready-mixed oil 1 and ready-mixed oil 4 to meet ω -6: ω -3 ratio 4-6: 1 in 4 kinds of ready-mixed oils,
Other two kinds relatively low.In comparison, the ratio of ready-mixed oil 4 recommends the ratio of intake closer to Chinese Soclety of Nutrition.
In conclusion 4 kinds of ready-mixed oils are not much different in S: M: P ratio, ready-mixed oil 4 envision closer to us 1: 3
: 1 ratio.In the ratio of ω -6 and ω -3, only 2 kinds meet the requirements, ratio of the ready-mixed oil 1 closer to 4: 1.But the two
Taken together, ready-mixed oil 4 is able to satisfy needed by human body no matter on fatty acid proportion or ω -6 and ω -3 ratio, and adjusts
It can more be received by consumer with the flavor degree of oil 4.
Test effect of 3 nutrient blend oils for cooking to prevention blood lipid raising and liver pathological changes
3.1 experimental method
SPF grades KM male mice 52, weight about 20g.Mouse adaptability after a week, takes tail blood, under the conditions of 4 DEG C
3500rpm is centrifuged 10min, stands 2h under room temperature, takes supernatant liquor, measurement serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low
Density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) are horizontal, according to TC level, mouse are randomly divided into 4 groups, is given respectively
Give normal diet, high lipid food, nutrient blend oil for cooking 4, the commercially available ready-mixed oil of certain famous brand name (as control).Raising 8 weeks,
Each experimental mice free water feed during this period.
3.2 Testing index
In the weight for initially and weekly weighing mouse, take a blood sample in the 8th weekend day, progress same operation, detection TC, TG,
LDL-C, HDL-C value.Every group takes 3 mouse execution to take liver at random, is cleaned, is weighed with 9.8% physiological saline, pathology HE and oil
Red colouring carries out a group pathological observation analysis immediately.
3.3 experimental result
3.3.1 ordinary circumstance describes
52 mouse are tested, without animal dead in experimentation.Find that mouse liver is equal except for the normal group when materials
It is abnormal.Chow diet group mouse liver is scarlet, and matter is soft, and different degrees of Huang is presented in remaining feeding high lipid food mouse liver
Color, surface have graininess rough.
3.3.2 the influence of mouse weight
High lipid food group mouse more normally organizes mouse weight no significant difference (P > 0.05).Feed the small of 2 kinds of ready-mixed oils
For mouse compared with the weight of normal group mouse, no significant difference (P > 0.05) illustrates 2 kinds of tune under this experiment condition
The growth of mouse is had no significant effect with oil.
The influence (g) that 13 ready-mixed oil of table changes mouse weight
Note: W indicates all numbers.
3.2.3 the influence of mice serum lipid
There is significant difference (P < compared with normally group mouse in high lipid food group mouse TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C
0.05), TG, TC, LDL-C are increased and HDL-C declines, and show that nursing high lipid food can induce lipid of mice and be abnormal.With just
Normal group is compared, experimental group there are no significant in TG, TC index difference (P > 0.05)；In HDL-C index, commercially available reconciliation is removed
Oily group has conspicuousness to reduce outer (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference for remaining (P > 0.05)；In LDL-C index, without significant
Sex differernce (P > 0.05).Illustrate that 2 kinds of ready-mixed oils are compared to high lipid food, can prevent blood lipid raising to a certain extent.
Influence (mmol/L) of the different greases of table 14 to lipid of mice TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C
Note: compared with normal group, * P < 0.05.
3.2.4 pathology HE
Normal group: having no obvious lesion；
High lipid food group: visible fat drips not of uniform size in liver cell, cell is because containing excessive fat drips due to obvious tumefaction, liver plate
Structure is unclear, and sinus hepaticus disappears, and part sample inflammation stove is more apparent；
Nutrient blend oil group for cooking: visible hepatic cell fattydegeneration, but inflammatory reaction is unobvious；
Commercially available ready-mixed oil group: visible liver cell diffusivity steatosis, lesion is substantially the same as high lipid food group；
From HE dyeing, consider that inflammation occurs and two aspects of steatosis, overall lesion degree are as follows: high lipid food
Normal group of nutrient blend oil group > for cooking of the commercially available ready-mixed oil group > of > of group.
3.2.5 oil red dyes
Steatosis cell accounts for the percentage entirely organized to oil red positive staining as shown in Table 15 in Chinese red or red
Than being counted, precentagewise size is arranged as following result: the commercially available ready-mixed oil group > of high lipid food group > nutrition tune for cooking
With normal group of > of oil group.
15 steatosis cells on total cells percentage of table
Note: CK indicates normal group；M indicates high lipid food group；A indicates nutrient blend oil group for cooking.
From the point of view of pathology HE combination oil red coloration result, high lipid food can induce liver and serious change occurs, and lead to fat
It is accumulated in liver, influences liver function.Nutrient blend oil for cooking has certain help in prevention of liver lesion, and high in fat
Feed compares, and can be reduced accumulation of the grease in liver and the damage to liver cell, and the effect of nutrient blend oil for cooking
Better effect, commercially available ready-mixed oil effect on prophylactic function are poor.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of the nutrient blend oil for cooking with liver-protecting function, it is characterised in that: the nutrition for cooking
Ready-mixed oil is made of edible oil kind, weight ratio are as follows: 36 camellia oils, 34 walnut oils, 10 wheat-germ oils, 8 perilla herb oils, 7 safflowers
Seed oil, 5 avocado oils；Preferably 35 olive oil, 35 walnut oils, 13 avocado oils, 12 linseed oil, 5 wheat-germ oils；Crude oil is filled
Divide mixing, stir evenly, is protected from light, is stored at room temperature.
2. a kind of preparation method of the nutrient blend oil for cooking with liver-protecting function as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Including following weight ratio raw material: 40 walnut oils, 33 olive oil, 20 camellia oils, 13 linseed oil, 8 avocado oils, 6 safflower seed oils；Most
Preferably rice bran oil 40, camellia oil 25, wheat-germ oil 20, perilla herb oil 10, avocado oil 5.
3. a kind of preparation method of the nutrient blend oil for cooking with liver-protecting function as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
Selected feedstock oil is according to saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acids: polyunsaturated fatty acid=1: 3: 1, ω -6: ω -3=4-
Matched at 6: 1, is measured by software analysis and gas phase, saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acids: polyunsaturated fatty acid
Close to 1: 3: 2, ω -6: ω -3 close to 5: 1.
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Application publication date: 20190215 |