CN109317644B - Preparation method of porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109317644B CN109317644B CN201811210176.4A CN201811210176A CN109317644B CN 109317644 B CN109317644 B CN 109317644B CN 201811210176 A CN201811210176 A CN 201811210176A CN 109317644 B CN109317644 B CN 109317644B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/114—Making porous workpieces or articles the porous products being formed by impregnation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate, which is prepared by mixing TiB2Mixing Ti (C, N) powder with an additive, adding the mixture into deionized water, and fully stirring to prepare a ceramic slurry suspension; then the organic foam is dipped in the ceramic slurry, and then the dipped organic foam is dried and sintered at high temperature to obtain porous reticular TiB2+ Ti (C, N) prefabricated body, finally adopting cast-infiltration process to prepare porous netted TiB2And pouring molten metal of a steel matrix material into the Ti (C, N) prefabricated body, cooling and demolding to obtain the porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate. The friction coefficient of the composite lining plate prepared by the method is improved, the reinforcing phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix, the strength and the toughness are enhanced, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate.
Background
The lining plate of the ball mill barrel is used for protecting the barrel, so that the barrel is prevented from being directly impacted and rubbed by the grinding body and materials, the motion law of the grinding body is influenced, the motion state of the grinding body can be adjusted by utilizing the lining plates in different forms, the grinding effect of the grinding body on the materials is enhanced, and the improvement of the grinding effect of the grinding body on the materials is facilitatedThe grinding efficiency of the ball mill is improved, the yield is increased, and the metal consumption is reduced. Porous reticular TiB2The ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate is a novel material with shock resistance and high wear resistance cast by metallurgically smelting a wear-resistant material in a casting mode.
The existing composite lining plate is mainly prepared from an integral cast iron material or a composite material. Has the disadvantages of poor friction resistance, large friction and wear amount, low strength and hardness, short service life and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate aiming at the defects in the prior art, so that the abrasion resistance of the composite material is further improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a porous netted ceramic-reinforced steel-base composite liner plate is prepared from TiB2Mixing Ti (C, N) powder with an additive, adding the mixture into deionized water, and fully stirring to prepare ceramic slurry; then the organic foam is dipped in the ceramic slurry, and then the dipped organic foam is dried and sintered at high temperature to obtain porous reticular TiB2+ Ti (C, N) prefabricated body, finally adopting cast-infiltration process to prepare porous netted TiB2And pouring molten metal of a steel matrix material into the Ti (C, N) prefabricated body, cooling and demolding to obtain the porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate.
Optionally, TiB2The Ti (C, N) powder accounts for 70-85% of the total mass of the ceramic slurry, the additive accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of the ceramic slurry, and the deionized water accounts for 10-25%.
Optionally, the additives include ferrochrome powder, ammonium citrate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and silica sol.
Further, the ferrochrome powder accounts for 65-85% of the mass of the additive, the ammonium citrate accounts for 3-8% of the mass of the additive, the carboxymethyl cellulose accounts for 4-8% of the mass of the additive, and the silica sol accounts for 8-25% of the mass of the additive.
Optionally, the organic foam is soft polyurethane, and is soaked in the ceramic slurry suspension for 1-5 min, and then taken out and extruded to obtain redundant slurry.
Furthermore, the pore diameter of the soft polyurethane is 5-50 PPI.
Optionally, the high-temperature sintering treatment specifically comprises: raising the temperature from room temperature to 600-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, then raising the temperature to 1000-1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, then raising the temperature to 1550-1600 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/min, sintering for 1-3 h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the porous reticular TiB2+ Ti (C, N) preform.
Optionally, the molten metal of the steel matrix material is chromium alloy cast iron for manufacturing the wear-resistant material.
Further, the molten metal comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of Cr, 3.1-3.2% of C, 1-1.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.0% of Si, 0.6-0.7% of Mn and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate, wherein the reinforcing phase for preparing a porous ceramic reinforced metal-based composite material is TiB2+ Ti (C, N) ceramic reinforced in a three-dimensional network, TiB2Compared with other reinforced ceramics, the Ti (C, N) ceramic has the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness, high stability, high oxidation resistance, wear resistance and the like; TiB2The Ti (C, N) ceramic has good wettability with molten iron, can not directly react, and can form an interface with good combination; TiB2The + Ti (C, N) and the iron have matched thermal expansion coefficients, and cracks are not easy to form in the preparation process of the composite material; in addition, the reinforcement is reinforced in a three-dimensional reticular structure, the matrix and the reinforcement are both continuous structures, the matrix and the reinforcement are mutually constrained and supported, the problem that the reinforcement phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix is not considered compared with the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, and the composite has isotropy compared with the fiber reinforced metal matrix composite.
Further, TiB2The + Ti (C, N) powder accounts for 70-85% of the total mass of the ceramic slurry, and the additive accounts for the ceramic5-20% of the total mass of the slurry, and 10-25% of deionized water, wherein the solid content of the ceramic slurry is higher, and the ceramic slurry is beneficial to keeping higher slurry hanging amount during dipping.
Furthermore, the ferrochrome powder is added as a high-temperature sintering aid to ensure that the sintered porous ceramic has certain strength; the ammonium citrate is added as a slurry dispersing agent to ensure that the powder is uniformly dispersed in the slurry and cannot be rapidly agglomerated or settled; the carboxymethyl cellulose is added as a rheological agent to ensure that the slurry can flow into the foam body to realize uniform slurry hanging during dipping, and the fluidity of the slurry can be rapidly lost in a short time to solidify the slurry when the excessive slurry is extruded; the silica sol is added as a low temperature sintering aid to ensure that the porous ceramic retains its skeletal structure without collapsing until the sintering temperature reaches the melting point of iron.
Furthermore, the ferrochrome powder accounts for 65-85% of the mass of the additive, and the sintered porous ceramic has high strength and cannot generate great influence on the high-temperature strength of a subsequently prepared composite material; the ammonium citrate accounts for 3-8% of the mass of the additive, and the dispersibility of the slurry is good; the carboxymethyl cellulose accounts for 4-8% of the mass of the additive, and the slurry has good fluidity and thixotropy; the silica sol accounts for 8-25% of the mass of the additive, and the porous ceramic skeleton can be prevented from collapsing in the sintering process.
Furthermore, the organic foam is soft polyurethane, has a three-dimensional open-cell structure, proper pore diameter, certain hydrophilicity and enough resilience, and the carbonization temperature of the organic foam is lower than the sintering temperature, so that the reaction product does not pollute the environment and does not generate large negative influence on the performance of the porous ceramic product.
Furthermore, the aperture of the soft polyurethane is 5-50 PPI, and the polyurethane with different apertures can be selected according to requirements to prepare the porous ceramic with different apertures.
Furthermore, in the high-temperature sintering process, the ferrochrome powder is melted into liquid and filled with TiB2And the clearance around the Ti (C, N) particles improves the compactness of the porous ceramic.
Further, the porous reticular preform prepared in the invention is mainly Fe and TiB2+ Ti (C, N), both diffusion bonded. In the composite material obtained by casting the preform, TiB2The interface of the + Ti (C, N) and the iron matrix has chemical reaction, such as TiC and Fe2Ti and Ti3B4And the bonding strength of the composite material interface is greatly improved after the products are generated.
Furthermore, the reinforcing phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix, and the interface bonding strength of the composite lining plate is improved.
In conclusion, the composite lining plate prepared by the invention has high friction coefficient, the reinforced phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix, the strength and the toughness are enhanced, and the service life is prolonged.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a composite liner prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a preparation method of a porous reticular ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining plate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing TiB2Adding Ti (C, N) powder and an additive into deionized water, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a ceramic slurry suspension;
the additive comprises ferrochrome powder, ammonium citrate, carboxymethyl cellulose and silica sol; t TiB2The Ti (C, N) powder accounts for 70-85% of the total mass of the ceramic slurry, the additive accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of the ceramic slurry, and the deionized water accounts for 10-25%; the chromium iron powder accounts for 65-85% of the mass of the additive, the ammonium citrate accounts for 3-8% of the mass of the additive, the carboxymethyl cellulose accounts for 4-8% of the mass of the additive, and the silica sol accounts for 8-25% of the mass of the additive.
S2, selecting an organic foam with a proper pore diameter, soaking the organic foam in the ceramic slurry suspension, taking out the organic foam after 1-5 min, and extruding redundant slurry;
the organic foam is flexible polyurethane with 5-50 PPI pore size.
S3, drying the impregnated organic foam, heating to 600-800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min in a vacuum furnace, preserving heat for 30-60 min, heating to 1000-1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, heating to 1550-1600 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/min, sintering for 1-3 h, and cooling with the furnace to obtain a porous mesh preform;
and S4, fixing the prefabricated body on the end surface or the working surface of the casting mold, pouring molten metal of a steel matrix material by adopting a casting infiltration process, and cooling and demolding to obtain the composite lining plate.
The molten metal is chromium alloy cast iron for manufacturing wear-resistant materials, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of Cr, 3.1-3.2% of C, 1-1.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.0% of Si, 0.6-0.7% of Mn and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
The composite material matrix and the reinforcement body obtained by the invention are both of continuous structures, are mutually constrained and mutually supported, can improve the abrasion resistance of the composite material, and ensure that the lining plate has longer service life.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the lining plate of the ball mill comprises the following steps:
1) first, 99.4g of TiB was mixed2+ Ti (C, N) powder, 42.6g ferrochrome powder, 1.42g ammonium citrate and 0.71g carboxymethyl cellulose are added into 32mL deionized water and 8mL silica sol is added, and the ceramic slurry suspension is obtained after full and uniform stirringLiquid;
2) secondly, selecting soft polyurethane foam with 5PPI, soaking the soft polyurethane foam in the ceramic slurry, taking out the soft polyurethane foam after 2min, and extruding the excessive slurry;
3) drying the soaked organic foam, raising the temperature from room temperature to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min in a vacuum furnace, preserving the heat for 50min, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, sintering for 1h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain a porous reticular preform;
4) fixing the prefabricated body on the end face or working face of the casting mould, adopting cast-infiltration process to pour molten metal of steel base material, cooling and demoulding so as to obtain the invented composite lining plate.
Example 2: lining plate of roller mill
1) First, 84g of TiB was mixed2Adding Ti (C, N) powder, 36g of ferrochrome powder, 1.42g of ammonium citrate and 0.71g of carboxymethyl cellulose into 32mL of deionized water, adding 8mL of silica sol, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a ceramic slurry suspension;
2) secondly, selecting 15PPI soft polyurethane foam, soaking the foam in the ceramic slurry, taking out the foam after 3min, and extruding the foam;
3) drying the soaked organic foam, raising the temperature from room temperature to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min in a vacuum furnace, preserving the heat for 60min, raising the temperature to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, raising the temperature to 1550 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, sintering for 3h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain a porous reticular preform;
4) fixing the prefabricated body on the end face or working face of the casting mould, adopting cast-infiltration process to pour molten metal of steel base material, cooling and demoulding so as to obtain the invented composite lining plate.
Example 3: lining plate of column mill
1) First, 72.1g of TiB was mixed2Adding Ti (C, N) powder, 30.9g of ferrochrome powder, 1.42g of ammonium citrate and 0.71g of carboxymethyl cellulose into 32mL of deionized water, adding 8mL of silica sol, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a ceramic slurry suspension;
2) secondly, selecting soft polyurethane foam with 20PPI, soaking the soft polyurethane foam in the ceramic slurry, taking out the soft polyurethane foam after 1min, and extruding redundant slurry;
3) drying the impregnated organic foam, heating to 700 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min in a vacuum furnace, keeping the temperature for 45min, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 7.5 ℃/min, heating to 1600 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min, sintering for 2h, and cooling with the furnace to obtain a porous reticular preform;
4) fixing the prefabricated body on the end face or working face of the casting mould, adopting cast-infiltration process to pour molten metal of steel base material, cooling and demoulding so as to obtain the invented composite lining plate.
Example 4: self-grinding machine lining plate
1) First, 99.4g of TiB was mixed2Adding Ti (C, N) powder, 42.6g of ferrochrome powder, 1.42g of ammonium citrate and 0.71g of carboxymethyl cellulose into 32mL of deionized water, adding 8mL of silica sol, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a ceramic slurry suspension;
2) secondly, selecting 50PPI soft polyurethane foam, soaking the foam in the ceramic slurry, taking out the foam after 5min, and extruding the foam;
3) drying the impregnated organic foam, heating to 800 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min in a vacuum furnace, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, heating to 1600 ℃ at a heating rate of 4.5 ℃/min, sintering for 2.5h, and cooling with the furnace to obtain a porous reticular preform;
4) fixing the prefabricated body on the end face or working face of the casting mould, adopting cast-infiltration process to pour molten metal of steel base material, cooling and demoulding so as to obtain the invented composite lining plate.
In conclusion, the composite lining plate prepared by the invention has the advantages of enhanced abrasion resistance, uniform stress inside the lining plate, improved strength and toughness and prolonged service life.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. Porous netted ceramic reinforced steel-based composite lining boardIs characterized in that TiB is added2+ Ti (C, N) powder and additive are mixed and added into deionized water to be fully stirred to prepare ceramic slurry, TiB2The ceramic slurry comprises, by mass, 70-85% of Ti (C, N) powder, 5-20% of additives and 10-25% of deionized water, wherein the additives comprise ferrochrome powder, ammonium citrate, carboxymethyl cellulose and silica sol, the ferrochrome powder accounts for 65-85% of the additives, the ammonium citrate accounts for 3-8% of the additives, the carboxymethyl cellulose accounts for 4-8% of the additives, and the silica sol accounts for 8-25% of the additives; then, dipping the organic foam into the ceramic slurry, drying the dipped organic foam, wherein the organic foam is soft polyurethane with the pore diameter of 5-50 PPI, dipping the organic foam in the ceramic slurry suspension for 1-5 min, taking out and extruding redundant slurry, and performing high-temperature sintering treatment to obtain porous reticular TiB2And finally, pouring molten metal of a steel base material into the prepared porous reticular preform by adopting a casting infiltration process, wherein the molten metal of the steel base material is chromium alloy cast iron for manufacturing the wear-resistant material, and the molten metal comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of Cr, 3.1-3.2% of C, 1-1.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.0% of Si, 0.6-0.7% of Mn and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities, and cooling and demolding to obtain the porous meshed ceramic reinforced steel-iron-based composite lining plate.
2. The method for preparing the porous reticulated ceramic-reinforced steel-based composite lining plate according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature sintering treatment specifically comprises: raising the temperature from room temperature to 600-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-60 min, then raising the temperature to 1000-1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, then raising the temperature to 1550-1600 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/min, sintering for 1-3 h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the porous reticular TiB2+ Ti (C, N) preform.
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| CN112077282B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-07-23 | 西安科技大学 | TiB2Preparation method of reinforced Fe-Cr-B alloy-based composite lining plate |
| CN112589094B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-04-22 | 西安交通大学 | High-flux preparation method of gravity infiltration composite lining plate |
| CN114346218A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-15 | 沈阳铸造研究所有限公司 | Casting forming method of composite configuration foam metal material |
| CN115044819B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-18 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | High-hardness in-situ reinforced iron-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CA1137523A (en) * | 1978-08-12 | 1982-12-14 | Tsuneaki Narumiya | Ceramic porous body |
| US4664858A (en) * | 1984-08-21 | 1987-05-12 | Kurosaki Refractories Co., Ltd. | Manufacturing method of a ceramics body having through holes |
| FI115830B (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2005-07-29 | Metso Powdermet Oy | Process for the manufacture of multi-material components and multi-material components |
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| CN101787476B (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-04-13 | 吉林大学 | (TiCxNy-TiB2)/Ni ceramic-metal composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102372499A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-03-14 | 湖北工业大学 | Method for preparing porous Ti2AlN ceramic by organic foam impregnation process |
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