CN109307935B - Space projection display device - Google Patents
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- CN109307935B CN109307935B CN201811343050.4A CN201811343050A CN109307935B CN 109307935 B CN109307935 B CN 109307935B CN 201811343050 A CN201811343050 A CN 201811343050A CN 109307935 B CN109307935 B CN 109307935B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
- G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/206—Control of light source other than position or intensity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/28—Reflectors in projection beam
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a spatial projection display apparatus. The space projection display device comprises a light source array module, a reflection diffraction array, a light steering unit module, a light modulation panel, a light reflecting plate, a micro-vibration mirror array and a regulation and control module, wherein light rays emitted by the light source array module are coupled into the micro-vibration mirror array, and the micro-vibration mirror array is controlled to project beamlets towards a plurality of virtual object points in space, so that a plurality of beamlets projected onto each virtual object point form a transmitting beam. When a user sees a collection of light beams projected by a micro-mirror array at a particular observation area, it is visually equivalent to emitting light beams from virtual object points to the human eye, which would recognize the light beams scanned at high speed as continuous light beams due to the persistence of vision of the human eye if the light beams were scanned at high speed to different virtual object points in space. Therefore, when the spatial projection display apparatus scans the light beam at a high speed toward a plurality of virtual object points in the space, it looks like displaying a virtual scene in the real space, thereby realizing naked eye 3D display.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional stereoscopic display, in particular to a space projection display device.
Background
The methods adopted in the traditional three-dimensional projection display mainly comprise a parallax barrier method, a lenticular lens method and a directional light source method. The parallax barrier method is to set a longitudinal barrier-shaped optical barrier called parallax barrier on the surface of the screen to control the light traveling direction, so that the left and right eyes receive different images to generate parallax to achieve a three-dimensional display effect; the parallax barrier is developed into a liquid crystal film in the later stage, light is turned on and off through the inversion of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal film, and the same effect of the barrier-shaped optical barrier is achieved, and the defects are that part of directional light rays are blocked, the brightness is low, the requirement on the viewing angle is strict, and the resolution loss is serious. The lenticular lens method is to arrange a slender semi-cylindrical lens array in front of a display screen, light rays of display pixels are refracted by the cylindrical lenses, parallax images are respectively projected to left and right eyes, and stereoscopic impression is obtained through stereoscopic fusion of visual centers, and the defects are that the viewing angle is strict and the resolution loss is serious. The directional light source method is to use a linear light source with a very small width side by side to provide backlight illumination after the pixels of the LCD, so that the image transmission paths of the odd-even pixels are separated, and the left and right eyes can see the corresponding pictures, which has the disadvantage of strict viewing angle requirements. The three traditional three-dimensional projection display technologies are all based on the binocular stereo parallax principle, and 2D parallax images with slight differences are respectively transmitted to left eyes and right eyes and fused in the brain, so that stereoscopic vision is generated, vision convergence conflicts are caused, headache, dizziness and other symptoms are caused, meanwhile, the lack of motion parallax can cause abrupt vision conversion, and the reality of visual experience is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a spatial projection display apparatus to solve the above-mentioned problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a spatial projection display apparatus comprising: the device comprises a light source array module, a reflection diffraction array, a light steering unit module, a light modulation panel, a light reflection plate, a micro-vibration mirror array and a regulation and control module;
the light source array module is positioned on an incident light path of the micro-vibrating mirror array and provides array beamlets for the micro-vibrating mirror array;
the reflection diffraction array comprises a plurality of reflection diffraction elements which are arranged on an emergent light path of the light source array module, and each beam of beamlets output by the light source array module has at least two-stage effective diffraction function;
the light steering unit module comprises a plurality of light steering units, is positioned between the light source array module and the reflection diffraction array, and is used for steering each beam of diffraction light beam output by the reflection diffraction array and transmitting the beam of diffraction light beam to the light modulation panel;
the light modulation panel is a pixel-level high-speed spatial light modulator and is positioned between the light steering unit module and the light reflecting plate and used for modulating energy of light beams transmitted by the light steering unit module;
the light reflecting plate is a flat plate integrated with a plurality of micro reflecting units and is positioned at one side of the micro vibrating mirror array, which is far away from the light source array module, and is used for guiding each beam of beamlets output by the light modulation panel into the micro vibrating mirror array;
the micro-vibrating mirror array comprises a plurality of micro-vibrating mirror units;
the regulating and controlling module is used for controlling the micro-vibration mirror array to project beamlets towards a plurality of virtual object points in space according to the mapping relation between the space position information and the scanning information of the plurality of virtual object points corresponding to the virtual scene to be displayed, so that a plurality of beamlets projected onto each virtual object point form a transmitting beam cone of the virtual object point;
the space position information comprises azimuth information and depth information of the virtual object point relative to the micro-vibration mirror array, and the scanning information at least comprises scanning time and scanning angle of a plurality of micro-vibration mirror units corresponding to each virtual object point in the micro-vibration mirror array.
Optionally, the optical axis of the light beam output by the light steering unit is parallel to the normal direction of the working plane of the light reflecting plate, and the angle fov2 between the normal N3 of the reflecting plane of the micro reflecting unit and the normal N1 of the working plane of the light reflecting plate satisfies the following relationship:
((W-D0)/2+d1)/L2<tan(2*fov2)<((W+D0)/2+d1)/L2；
wherein W is the maximum width value of the micro-vibrating mirror unit in the X direction; d0 is the maximum dimension of the effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit along the X direction; d1 is the distance between the optical axis of the light beam output by the light steering unit and the adjacent micro-vibrating mirror unit along the X direction; l2 is the distance between the working surface of the micro-vibrating mirror unit and the micro-reflecting unit in the light reflecting plate along the Z direction.
Alternatively, tan (2×fos2) = (W/2+d1)/L2. .
Optionally, a normal N3 of the reflection plane of the micro-reflection unit is substantially parallel to a normal N1 of the working plane of the light reflection plate, and an included angle afa1 between an optical axis of the light beam output by the light turning unit and the normal N3 of the reflection plane of the micro-reflection unit satisfies the following relationship:
(W/4-D0/2+d2)/L3<tan(afa1)<(W/4+D0/2+d2)/L3；
wherein W is the maximum width value of the micro-vibrating mirror unit in the X direction; d0 is the maximum dimension of the effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit along the X direction; d2 is the distance between the optical axis of the light beam output by each light steering unit and the adjacent micro-vibrating mirror unit along the X direction; l3 is the distance from the working surface of the micro-vibrating mirror unit to the working surface of the light reflecting plate, which is close to one side of the micro-vibrating mirror array.
Alternatively, tan (afa 1) = (W/4+d2)/L3.
Optionally, the light steering unit is a reflective plane mirror or an element with a first order reflection diffraction function.
Optionally, the reflective diffraction element has a two-stage or four-stage effective diffraction function for each beamlet output by the light source array module.
Optionally, the light source array module is composed of a plurality of light source units, and each light source unit comprises an illumination light source and a light collimation beam combination unit;
the number of the light source units included in the light source array module is equal to the number of the reflection diffraction elements included in the reflection diffraction array.
Optionally, the light source array module comprises an optical fiber coupling light source and a light beam splitting modulation unit, the optical fiber coupling light source comprises a light source unit and a coupling collimator with a first output optical fiber, and the light source unit comprises an illumination light source and a light collimation beam combining unit;
the light source unit outputs light to collimate the combined beam, and the coupled collimator with the first output optical fiber is coupled into the light beam splitting modulation unit;
the output end of the light beam splitting modulation unit is coupled with a second output optical fiber, and the second output optical fiber is used for splitting the light beam output by the optical fiber coupling light source into a plurality of beamlets which are equal in number to the number of reflection diffraction elements included in the reflection diffraction array.
Optionally, the light modulation panel is a transmissive LCOS spatial light modulator or an LCD spatial light modulator.
The invention provides a space projection display device which comprises a light source array module, a reflection diffraction array, a light steering unit module, a light modulation panel, a light reflection plate, a micro-vibration mirror array and a regulation and control module. When a user sees a collection of light beams projected by a micro-mirror array at a particular observation area, it is visually equivalent to emitting light beams from virtual object points to the human eye, which would recognize the light beams scanned at high speed as continuous light beams due to the persistence of vision of the human eye if the light beams were scanned at high speed to different virtual object points in space. Thus, when the spatial projection display apparatus scans the light beam at a high speed toward a plurality of virtual object points in space, it looks like a virtual scene is displayed in real space. Therefore, the invention provides a novel space projection display device capable of realizing naked eye 3D display. It is obvious that the spatial projection display device can also realize a 2D display.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described. It is to be understood that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the person of ordinary skill in the art may admit to other equally relevant drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spatial projection display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light source array module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical beam-splitting modulation unit in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical beam-splitting modulation unit in fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another spatial projection display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another spatial projection display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another spatial projection display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the spatial projection display apparatus shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another spatial projection display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the principle of spatial projection imaging.
Icon: 1-a spatial projection display apparatus; 10-a light source array module; a 20-reflection diffraction array; 30-a light turning unit module; 40-a light modulation panel; 50-a light reflection plate; 60-a micro-galvanometer array; 70-a regulation and control module; 111-an illumination source; 113-a light collimating and beam combining unit; 115-a fiber coupled light source; 117-an optical beam-splitting modulation unit; 1153-coupling collimator; 11531-a first output optical fiber; 1171-a second output fiber; 11-a first light source unit; 12-a second light source unit; 21-a first reflective diffraction element; 22-a second reflective diffraction element; 31-a first light turning unit; 32-a second light turning unit; 33-a third light turning unit; 34-a fourth light turning unit; 35-a fifth light turning unit; 36-a sixth light turning unit; 37-a seventh light turning unit; 38-eighth light turning unit; 51-a first micro-reflection unit; 52-a second micro-reflection unit; 53-a third micro-reflection unit; 54-fourth micro-reflection units; 55-a fifth micro-reflection unit; 56-a sixth micro-reflection unit; 57-seventh micro-reflection unit; 58-eighth micro-reflection unit; 61-a first micro-mirror unit; 62-a second micro-mirror unit; 63-a third micro-mirror unit; 64-a fourth micro-mirror unit; 65-a fifth micro-galvanometer unit; 66-a sixth micro-mirror unit; 67-seventh micro-galvanometer unit; 68-eighth micro-galvanometer unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. In the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as merely or implying relative importance.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a spatial projection display apparatus 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the spatial projection display apparatus 1 includes a light source array module 10, a reflection diffraction array 20, a light steering unit module 30, a light modulation panel 40, a light reflection plate 50, a micro-mirror array 60, and a modulation and control module 70. For better clarity of description of the embodiments of the present invention, a plane parallel to the light reflection plate 50 is defined as an XOY plane, a direction perpendicular to the XOY plane and directed from the micromirror array 60 to the light reflection plate 50 is defined as a Z direction, and a direction perpendicular to the paper surface and outward is defined as a Y direction.
The light source array module 10 is located on the incident light path of the micro-galvanometer array 60, and provides array beamlets for the micro-galvanometer array 60. As shown in fig. 1, the light source array module 10 may be composed of a plurality of light source units. As shown in fig. 2, each light source unit includes an illumination light source 111 and a light-collimating and beam-combining unit 113. The illumination light source 111 may be a single-color or multi-color laser LD light emitting device or may be an LED light source. The illumination light source 111 in this embodiment is a laser LD light emitting device including R, G, B wavelengths. The light collimating and beam combining unit 113 may use a collimating lens group and a spatial optical coupler in the conventional technology to achieve the collimation of the light beam emitted by the laser LD light emitting device and the beam combination of the collimated light beams with three wavelengths, which is not limited herein.
In another possible implementation, as shown in fig. 3, the light source array module 10 includes a fiber coupled light source 115 and a light beam splitting modulation unit 117. The fiber coupled light source 115 may be constituted by a light source unit as shown in fig. 2 and a coupled collimator 1153 with a first output fiber 11531. The light source unit outputs R, G, B three-wavelength light collimated combined beams, which are coupled into the light beam splitting modulation unit 117 by a coupling collimator 1153 with a first output optical fiber 11531. The output end of the optical beam splitting modulation unit 117 is coupled to a second output optical fiber 1171, for splitting the light beam output from the optical fiber coupled light source 115 into N light beams, and the output energy of each light beam can be independently controlled.
As shown in fig. 4, the optical beam splitting modulation unit 117 may be a device in which one type 1-1*N PLC planar waveguide splitter (shown as A1 in the drawing), N number of M-Z type optical modulators (shown as A2 in the drawing), and N number of second output optical fibers 1171 (shown as A3 in the drawing) are integrated on a silicon substrate. The 1-1*N type PLC planar waveguide splitter is an optical device capable of uniformly splitting 1 input light beam into N output light beams. The M-Z type light modulator is one kind of electrooptical modulator, the input light wave is divided into two equal beams in one Y branch after passing through one section of light path, and the two equal beams are transmitted through two light waveguides of electrooptical material with refractive index varying with the applied voltage to make the two light beams reach the 2 nd Y branch to produce phase difference. If the optical path difference of the two beams of light is integral multiple of the wavelength, the coherence of the two beams of light is enhanced; if the optical path difference of the two light beams is 1/2 of the wavelength, the two light beams are coherently counteracted, and the output of the modulator is small, so that the light wave can be modulated by controlling the voltage. In the specific implementation process, the light beams output by the light source unit are coupled into the light beam splitting modulation unit 117 through a conventional optical fiber coupling collimator 1153, the 1-1*N type PLC planar waveguide splitter of the light beam splitting modulation unit 117 equally divides the coupled light beams into N light beams, the N light beams are respectively subjected to energy modulation by the M-Z type optical modulator according to the gray information of the virtual scene to be displayed, and the modulated N light beams are output through the second output optical fiber 1171. The output end of the second output fiber 1171 may be fused with an autocollimator or physically connected with a beam collimating micro lens, so that the beam output by the second output fiber 1171 is a collimated beam, or the second output fiber 1171 itself has an extremely small NA value, and the output beam approximates a collimated beam.
As shown in fig. 5, in another possible implementation manner, the optical beam splitting modulation unit 117 includes 1-1*m type PLC planar waveguide splitters (shown in fig. E), M type 1-1*n PLC planar waveguide splitters with coupled optical fibers (shown in fig. A5), m×n M-Z type optical modulators (shown in fig. A6), and m×n beam second output optical fibers 1171 (shown in fig. A7), where m×n is identical in value to the number of micro-reflection diffraction units included in the optical reflection plate 50, that is, N is equal in this embodiment. . The light beams output by the light source unit are coupled into the light beam splitting modulation unit 117 through a conventional optical fiber coupler, the 1-1*m type PLC planar waveguide splitter in the light beam splitting modulation unit 117 equally divides the coupled light beams into M light beams, each light beam of the M light beams is coupled into the 1-1*n type PLC planar waveguide splitter again and then is divided into n light beams to be output, the M light beams are divided into M n light beams altogether, the M n light beams are respectively subjected to energy modulation by M n M-Z type optical modulators according to gray information M of a virtual scene to be displayed, and the modulated light beams are led out from a second output optical fiber 1171 of the light beam splitting modulation unit 117.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the reflective diffraction array 20 includes a plurality of reflective diffraction elements disposed on the outgoing light path of the light source array module 10, and the reflective diffraction elements have at least two-stage effective diffraction function for each beamlet output by the light source array module 10. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the reflective diffraction element has a diffraction function effective in two stages for each beamlet output from the light source array module 10. As another example, as shown in fig. 6, the diffraction beam splitter has a four-stage diffraction function for each beamlet output from the light source array module 10. It should be noted that, in order to simplify the drawing, the light source array module 10 is illustrated only with a plurality of light source units in fig. 6 and the following description. The number of array beamlets provided by the light source array module 10 is numerically consistent with the number of diffraction beam splitting elements included in the diffraction beam splitting element array module.
With continued reference to fig. 1 or fig. 6, the light steering unit module 30 includes a plurality of light steering units, which are located between the light source array module 10 and the reflective diffraction array 20, and are configured to steer each of the diffracted light beams output by the reflective diffraction array 20 and transmit the deflected light beams to the light modulation panel 40. The light turning unit may be an element having a first order reflection diffraction function. In other embodiments, the light diverting unit may also be a reflective mirror, as shown in fig. 7.
The light modulation panel 40 is a pixel-level high-speed spatial light modulator, and is located between the light steering unit module 30 and the light reflection plate 50, and is configured to modulate energy of the light beam transmitted from the light steering unit module 30. The light modulation panel 40 may be a transmissive LCOS spatial light modulator or an LCD spatial light modulator.
And a light reflecting plate 50 positioned at a side of the micro-mirror array 60 remote from the light source array module 10 for guiding each of the beamlets outputted from the light modulation panel 40 into the micro-mirror array 60. The light reflection plate 50 is a flat plate integrated with a plurality of micro reflection units. The micro-reflection unit may be a micro-reflection plane mirror embedded in the light reflection plate 50, and a normal direction of the micro-reflection plane mirror is at a non-zero angle or parallel to a normal direction of the light reflection plate 50. The micro-reflection unit may also be a diffraction pattern on the working surface of the light reflection plate 50. The micro-reflection unit may also be a holographic plate having a diffraction function, which may be on the working surface of the light reflection plate 50.
The micro-mirror array 60 includes a plurality of micro-mirror units. Preferably, each micro-mirror unit is a two-dimensional micro-electromechanical scanner device that can be controlled accurately. Obviously, each micro-vibrating mirror unit can also be two micro-electromechanical one-dimensional scanning devices, and compared with micro-electromechanical two-dimensional scanning devices, the micro-vibrating mirror units can achieve the same function, but the structure is complex. The number of the micro-vibrating mirror units is R times of the number of the light beams output by the light source array module 10, and R is an integer larger than 1. For example, when the reflective diffraction element has a two-stage effective diffraction function for each beamlet output from the light source array module 10, r=2, as shown in fig. 1. When the reflective diffraction element has a diffraction function of four orders for each beamlet output by the light source array module 10, r=4, as shown in fig. 6. It is obvious that the value of R is related to the number of stages of effective diffraction functions that the reflective diffraction element has for each unit beam output from the light source array module 10. For convenience of description, the light source array module 10 includes a plurality of light source units, which are denoted as a first light source unit 11, a second light source unit 12 … …. The plurality of reflective diffraction elements included in the reflective diffraction element array module are denoted as a first reflective diffraction element 21 and a second reflective diffraction element 22 and … …. The plurality of light redirecting units included in the light redirecting unit module 30 are denoted as a first light redirecting unit 31, a second light redirecting unit 32, a third light redirecting unit 33, a fourth light redirecting unit 34, a fifth light redirecting unit 35, a sixth light redirecting unit 36, a seventh light redirecting unit 37, and an eighth light redirecting unit 38 … …. The light reflection plate 50 includes a plurality of micro reflection units, which are denoted as a first micro reflection unit 51, a second micro reflection unit 52, a third micro reflection unit 53, a fourth micro reflection unit 54, a fifth micro reflection unit 55, a sixth micro reflection unit 56, a seventh micro reflection unit 57, and an eighth micro reflection unit 58 … …. The micro-mirror array 60 includes a plurality of micro-mirror units, which are denoted as a first micro-mirror unit 61, a second micro-mirror unit 62, a third micro-mirror unit 63, a fourth micro-mirror unit 64, a fifth micro-mirror unit 65, a sixth micro-mirror unit 66, a seventh micro-mirror unit 67, and an eighth micro-mirror unit 68 … ….
The spatial projection display apparatus 1 shown in fig. 1 operates as follows: the light beam output from the first light source unit 11 is transmitted to the first reflective diffraction element 21, the first reflective diffraction element 21 diffracts the light beam in two stages and outputs the diffracted light beam to the first light turning unit 31 and the second light turning unit 32, respectively, and the first light turning unit 31 and the second light turning unit 32 turn the diffracted light beam output from the first reflective diffraction element 21 and transmit the diffracted light beam to the light modulation panel 40, respectively. The light modulation panel 40 modulates the energy of the light beams transmitted from the first and second light diverting units 31 and 32, respectively. The modulated two light beams are respectively guided into the first micro-mirror unit 61 and the second micro-mirror unit 62 by the first micro-reflection unit 51 and the second micro-reflection unit 52, and the first micro-mirror unit 61 and the second micro-mirror unit 62 respectively perform angle scanning on the incident light beams through scanning movements of the mirrors. The light beam output from the second light source unit 12 is transmitted to the second reflective diffraction element 22, the second reflective diffraction element 22 diffracts the light beam in two stages and outputs the diffracted light beam to the third light redirecting unit 33 and the fourth light redirecting unit 34, respectively, and the third light redirecting unit 33 and the fourth light redirecting unit 34 redirect the diffracted light beam output from the second reflective diffraction element 22 and transmit the diffracted light beam to the light modulation panel 40, respectively. The light modulation panel 40 modulates the energy of the light beams transmitted from the third light diverting unit 33 and the fourth light diverting unit 34, respectively. The modulated two light beams are respectively guided to the third micro-mirror unit 63 and the fourth micro-mirror unit 64 by the third micro-reflection unit 53 and the fourth micro-reflection unit 54, and the third micro-mirror unit 63 and the fourth micro-mirror unit 64 respectively perform angle scanning on the incident light beams by the scanning movement of the mirrors. And so on, … ….
The spatial projection display apparatus 1 shown in fig. 6 operates as follows: the light beam output from the first light source unit 11 is transmitted to the first reflective diffraction element 21, the first reflective diffraction element 21 performs four-order diffraction on the light beam and outputs the light beam to the first light turning unit 31, the second light turning unit 32, the third light turning unit 33, and the fourth light turning unit 34, respectively, and the first light turning unit 31, the second light turning unit 32, the third light turning unit 33, and the fourth light turning unit 34 turn the diffracted light beam output from the first reflective diffraction element 21 and transmit the diffracted light beam to the light modulation panel 40, respectively. The light modulation panel 40 modulates the energy of the light beams transmitted from the first, second, third and fourth light diverting units 31, 32, 33 and 34, respectively. The modulated four light beams are respectively introduced into the first micro mirror unit 61, the second micro mirror unit 62, the third micro mirror unit 63 and the fourth micro mirror unit 64 by the first micro mirror unit 51, the second micro mirror unit 52, the third micro mirror unit 53 and the fourth micro mirror unit 54, and the first micro mirror unit 61, the second micro mirror unit 62, the third micro mirror unit 63 and the fourth micro mirror unit 64 perform angular scanning on the incident light beams by scanning movements of the mirrors. The light beam output from the second light source unit 12 is transmitted to the second reflective diffraction element 22, the second reflective diffraction element 22 performs four-order diffraction on the light beam and outputs the light beam to the fifth light turning unit 35, the sixth light turning unit 36, the seventh light turning unit 37 and the eighth light turning unit 38, respectively, and the fifth light turning unit 35, the sixth light turning unit 36, the seventh light turning unit 37 and the eighth light turning unit 38 turn the diffracted light beam output from the second reflective diffraction element 22 and transmit the diffracted light beam to the light modulation panel 40, respectively. The light modulation panel 40 energy-modulates the light beams transmitted from the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth light diverting units 35, 36, 37 and 38, respectively. The modulated four light beams are respectively guided to the fifth micro mirror unit 65, the sixth micro mirror unit 66, the seventh micro mirror unit 67 and the eighth micro mirror unit 68 by the fifth micro mirror unit 55, the sixth micro mirror unit 56, the seventh micro mirror unit 57 and the eighth micro mirror unit 58, and the fifth micro mirror unit 65, the sixth micro mirror unit 66, the seventh micro mirror unit 67 and the eighth micro mirror unit 68 perform angular scanning on the incident light beams by scanning movements of the mirrors, respectively. And so on, … ….
Alternatively, the plurality of micro-mirror units may all be arranged in the same plane, for example, as shown in fig. 1, 6 and 7. The plurality of micro-mirror units may also be arranged in different planes parallel to each other, for example, as shown in fig. 8. Obviously, the plurality of micro-vibrating mirror units can also be respectively distributed on three or more planes which are parallel to each other, and the details are not repeated here. When the plurality of micro-mirror units are arranged on different planes parallel to each other, the distance between the different planes can be set, so that the micro-mirror units located on the plane far away from the light source array module 10 can not block the scanning light of the micro-mirror units close to the plane of the light source array module 10.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 9 in combination, the plurality of light steering units in the light steering unit module 30 are arranged at equal intervals, and the distance between the optical axis of the light beam output by each light steering unit and the adjacent micro-mirror unit along the X direction is d1. The optical axis of the light beam output by each light turning unit is parallel to the normal direction of the working plane of the light reflecting plate 50, and the micro reflecting unit is embedded in the light reflecting plate 50. The angle between the normal N3 of the reflection plane of the micro-reflection unit and the normal N1 of the working plane of the light reflection plate 50 is denoted as fov. When ((W-D0)/2+d1)/L2 < tan (2 x fov 2) < ((w+d0)/2+d1)/L2), the light beam output by each light steering unit is reflected by its corresponding micro reflecting unit and then is incident on the micro oscillating mirror unit adjacent to the light steering unit. Wherein W is the maximum width value of the micro-vibrating mirror unit in the X direction; d0 is the maximum dimension of the effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit along the X direction; l2 is the distance along the Z direction from the working surface of the micro mirror unit to the micro reflecting unit in the light reflecting plate 50. In the actual implementation process, due to the existence of the machining assembly error, when the setting fov2 satisfies tan (2×fos2) = (W/2+d1)/L2, the light beam incident to the micro-galvanometer unit caused by the machining assembly error can be maximally prevented from falling outside the non-effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit.
As shown in fig. 10, in another possible implementation manner, the normal N3 of the reflection plane of the micro-reflection unit is substantially parallel to the normal N1 of the working plane of the light reflection plate 50, that is, the micro-reflection unit is disposed on the working plane of the light reflection plate 50 on the side close to the micro-mirror array 60, and at this time, by setting the optical axis of the light beam output by the light-turning unit, the light beam output by the light-turning unit is reflected by the corresponding micro-reflection unit and then is incident on the adjacent micro-mirror unit. When the angle afa1 is expressed as following relation, (W/4-D0/2+d2)/L3 < tan (afa 1) < (W/4+D0/2+d2)/L3, the light beam output by the light steering unit can be made to be incident on the micro-vibrating mirror unit adjacent to the light steering unit after being reflected by the corresponding micro-reflecting plane mirror. Wherein W is the maximum width value of the micro-vibrating mirror unit in the X direction; d0 is the maximum dimension of the effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit along the X direction; d2 is the distance between the optical axis of the light beam output by each light steering unit and the adjacent micro-vibrating mirror unit along the X direction; l3 is the distance from the working surface of the micromirror unit to the working surface of the light reflecting plate 50 on the side close to the micromirror array 60. In the actual implementation process, due to the existence of machining assembly errors, when afa1 is set to satisfy tan (afa 1) = (W/4+d2)/L3, the light beam incident to the micro-galvanometer unit caused by the machining assembly errors can be maximally prevented from falling outside the non-effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit.
The adjusting and controlling module 70 is configured to control the micro-mirror array 60 to project beamlets towards a plurality of virtual object points in space according to the mapping relationship between the spatial position information and the scanning information of the plurality of virtual object points corresponding to the virtual scene to be displayed, so that a plurality of beamlets projected onto each virtual object point form an emission beam cone of the virtual object point. Wherein the spatial position information includes azimuth information and depth information of the virtual object point relative to the micro galvanometer array 60. The scanning information includes at least scanning time and scanning angle of a plurality of micro-mirror units corresponding to each virtual object point in the micro-mirror array 60.
As shown in fig. 11, the principle of space projection imaging will be briefly described below. The human eye is able to see the object, essentially the reception of a light beam after reflection or refraction or scattering of light by the human eye on the light waves impinging on the object, the characteristics of the human eye being such that the light emitted by the object can be converted into corresponding image information and the position of this relative to the person himself can be estimated. According to Levoy's light field rendering theory, any ray human eye carrying intensity and direction information in space can therefore be reconstructed. The optical radiation function of all anisotropic rays in space is known as the optical field as a whole, and is a parameterized representation of a four-dimensional optical radiation field in space that contains both position and orientation information. The characteristics of the human eye make it possible to obtain spatial position information of an image through information conversion of the brain by only having direction information and energy information of light. A virtual 3D scene may be considered to be made up of a limited number of virtual object points that do not exist in reality, and a three-dimensional scene may be reconstructed by reconstructing the ray direction information and the energy information that each sampled virtual object point has. The embodiments of the present invention form virtual object points with a spatial point light source distribution characteristic by controlling the micromirror array 60 to scan and project a plurality of light beams with specific light energy at different angles to the same position E in space, and when a user views the virtual object points in a specific observation area, the light beams are all light beam cones emitted outwards from the virtual object points E visually. According to the mapping relation between the spatial position information of the limited sampling virtual points corresponding to the virtual scene to be displayed and the scanning information of each micro-vibration mirror unit, the micro-vibration mirror array 60 is controlled to scan the projection light beam to the space at high speed, so that limited virtual luminous points with specific light beam characteristics and spatial position relation are formed in the space, and after the human eyes receive the virtual scene, the virtual scene is visually displayed in the real space.
In the implementation process, each micro-vibration mirror unit can project a beam at each preset moment, each virtual object point to be displayed is provided with a divergent beam cone corresponding to the virtual object point by at least two micro-vibration mirror units, the beams projected by the micro-vibration mirror units in the preset time form the beam cone of the virtual object point to be displayed in the preset time, as shown in fig. 11, the three micro-vibration mirror units respectively provide a beam for the virtual object point E and the virtual object point F to form part of the divergent beam cones of the virtual object point E and the virtual object point F, and after receiving the virtual object point E and the virtual object point F at a certain position of an observation area, a user visually considers that the virtual object point E and the virtual object point F exist in the area to be displayed at a certain distance from the observation position.
The spatial projection display apparatus 1 provided by the invention comprises a light source array module 10, a reflection diffraction array 20, a light steering unit module 30, a light modulation panel 40, a light reflecting plate 50, a micro-vibration mirror array 60 and a regulating and controlling module 70, wherein light rays emitted by the light source array module 10 are coupled into the micro-vibration mirror array 60 through the reflection diffraction array 20, the light steering unit module 30, the light reflecting plate 50 and the regulating and controlling module 70, and the micro-vibration mirror array 60 is controlled to project beamlets towards a plurality of virtual object points in space, so that a plurality of beamlets projected onto each virtual object point form emission beams. When a user views the collection of light beams projected by the receiving micro-mirror array 60 at a particular viewing area, it is visually equivalent to the emission of light beams from virtual object points to the human eye, which would recognize the light beams scanned at high speed as continuous light beams due to the persistence of vision of the human eye if the light beams were scanned at high speed to different virtual object points in space. Therefore, when the spatial projection display apparatus 1 scans the light beam at a high speed toward a plurality of virtual object points in the space, it looks like displaying a virtual scene in the real space. Thus, the present invention provides a new spatial projection display apparatus 1 capable of realizing naked eye 3D display. It is obvious that the spatial projection display apparatus 1 can also realize a 2D display.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spatial projection display apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a light source array module, a reflection diffraction array, a light steering unit module, a light modulation panel, a light reflection plate, a micro-vibration mirror array and a regulation and control module;
the light source array module is positioned on an incident light path of the micro-vibrating mirror array and provides array beamlets for the micro-vibrating mirror array;
the reflection diffraction array comprises a plurality of reflection diffraction elements which are arranged on an emergent light path of the light source array module, and each beam of beamlets output by the light source array module has at least two-stage effective diffraction function;
the light steering unit module comprises a plurality of light steering units, is positioned between the light source array module and the reflection diffraction array, and is used for steering each beam of diffraction light beam output by the reflection diffraction array and transmitting the beam of diffraction light beam to the light modulation panel;
the light modulation panel is a pixel-level high-speed spatial light modulator and is positioned between the light steering unit module and the light reflecting plate and used for modulating energy of light beams transmitted by the light steering unit module;
the light reflecting plate is a flat plate integrated with a plurality of micro reflecting units and is positioned at one side of the micro vibrating mirror array, which is far away from the light source array module, and is used for guiding each beam of beamlets output by the light modulation panel into the micro vibrating mirror array;
the micro-vibrating mirror array comprises a plurality of micro-vibrating mirror units;
the regulating and controlling module is used for controlling the micro-vibration mirror array to project beamlets towards a plurality of virtual object points in space according to the mapping relation between the space position information and the scanning information of the plurality of virtual object points corresponding to the virtual scene to be displayed, so that a plurality of beamlets projected onto each virtual object point form a transmitting beam cone of the virtual object point;
the space position information comprises azimuth information and depth information of the virtual object point relative to the micro-vibration mirror array, and the scanning information at least comprises scanning time and scanning angle of a plurality of micro-vibration mirror units corresponding to each virtual object point in the micro-vibration mirror array.
2. The spatial projection display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an optical axis of the light beam outputted from said light turning unit is parallel to a normal direction of an operation plane of said light reflecting plate, and an angle fov between a normal N3 of a reflection plane of said micro reflecting unit and a normal N1 of an operation plane of said light reflecting plate satisfies the following relationship:
((W-D0)/2+d1)/L2<tan(2*fov2)<((W+D0)/2+d1)/L2；
wherein W is the maximum width value of the micro-vibrating mirror unit in the X direction; d0 is the maximum dimension of the effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit along the X direction; d1 is the distance between the optical axis of the light beam output by the light steering unit and the adjacent micro-vibrating mirror unit along the X direction; l2 is the distance between the working surface of the micro-vibrating mirror unit and the micro-reflecting unit in the light reflecting plate along the Z direction.
3. The spatial projection display apparatus according to claim 2, wherein tan (2 x fov2) = (W/2+d1)/L2.
4. The spatial projection display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a normal N3 of a reflection plane of said micro-reflection unit is substantially parallel to a normal N1 of a working plane of said light reflection plate, and an angle afa1 of an optical axis of a light beam outputted from said light turning unit with respect to the normal N3 of the reflection plane of said micro-reflection unit satisfies the following relationship:
(W/4-D0/2+d2)/L3<tan(afa1)<(W/4+D0/2+d2)/L3；
wherein W is the maximum width value of the micro-vibrating mirror unit in the X direction; d0 is the maximum dimension of the effective optical aperture of the micro-galvanometer unit along the X direction; d2 is the distance between the optical axis of the light beam output by each light steering unit and the adjacent micro-vibrating mirror unit along the X direction; l3 is the distance from the working surface of the micro-vibrating mirror unit to the working surface of the light reflecting plate, which is close to one side of the micro-vibrating mirror array.
5. The spatial projection display apparatus according to claim 4 wherein tan (afa 1) = (W/4+d2)/L3.
6. The spatial projection display apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said light-redirecting unit is a reflecting mirror or an element having a first order reflection diffraction function.
7. The spatial projection display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said reflective diffraction element has a diffraction function effective in two or four stages for each beamlet output from said light source array module.
8. The spatial projection display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said light source array module is constituted by a plurality of light source units, each light source unit comprising an illumination light source and a light collimating and beam combining unit;
the number of the light source units included in the light source array module is equal to the number of the reflection diffraction elements included in the reflection diffraction array.
9. The spatial projection display apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said light source array module comprises an optical fiber coupled light source and a light beam splitting modulation unit, said optical fiber coupled light source comprising a light source unit and a coupled collimator with a first output optical fiber, said light source unit comprising an illumination light source and a light collimating and beam combining unit;
the light source unit outputs light to collimate the combined beam, and the coupled collimator with the first output optical fiber is coupled into the light beam splitting modulation unit;
the output end of the light beam splitting modulation unit is coupled with a second output optical fiber, and the second output optical fiber is used for splitting the light beam output by the optical fiber coupling light source into a plurality of beamlets which are equal in number to the number of reflection diffraction elements included in the reflection diffraction array.
10. The spatial projection display apparatus according to any of claims 1-5 wherein said light modulation panel is a transmissive LCOS spatial light modulator or an LCD spatial light modulator.
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