CN109304861B - STL format 3D model support structure generation method based on material self-supporting property - Google Patents
STL format 3D model support structure generation method based on material self-supporting property Download PDFInfo
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- CN109304861B CN109304861B CN201811155277.6A CN201811155277A CN109304861B CN 109304861 B CN109304861 B CN 109304861B CN 201811155277 A CN201811155277 A CN 201811155277A CN 109304861 B CN109304861 B CN 109304861B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating an STL format 3D model supporting structure based on material self-supporting property, which relates to the field of 3D printing supporting structures, and comprises the steps of determining a basic supporting body and determining a final supporting body when determining the supporting body, wherein the basic supporting body is a triangular pyramid consisting of triangular patches delta BCD and points A, and the angle values of three side surfaces formed by the points A and the delta BCD and a printing platform are equal to a printing critical angle theta; if the basic support body is intersected with the model or the printing platform, only part of the support body between the model or the printing platform and the triangular surface patch is reserved as a final support body; if the basic support body does not intersect with the printing model or the printing platform, the basic support body is extended downwards, a point with the largest Z coordinate in the surface area of the triangular pyramid intersected with the model or the surface area of the triangular pyramid intersected with the printing platform is obtained after extension and serves as a supporting point E, and the final support body is E-BCD.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 3D printing support structures, in particular to a method for generating an STL-format 3D model support structure based on material self-supporting property.
Background
The 3D printing adopts a basic forming principle of layer-by-layer accumulation of materials, a model is discretized into a series of two-dimensional section information according to a certain direction (generally, a Z-axis positive direction) and a certain thickness, a processing path is determined according to profile information of each layer, and then the materials are formed in a layer-by-layer accumulation mode according to the path generated by each layer. In some printing methods, the current printing layer of the model is stacked on the basis of the previous layer, and the previous layer of the model plays a key role in positioning and supporting the current layer. If the current printing section is larger than the section for supporting the current printing section and the section of the previous layer does not have a reasonable supporting structure, the suspended part of the model collapses or deforms, and the printing process and the precision of the model are influenced, so whether a reasonable supporting structure is added for the corresponding area to be supported or not can directly influence whether the model can continuously print and the final precision of the model. The 3D printing method requiring the support structure includes widely applied Stereo Lithography Application (SLA) and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing.
The support structure generation method is described here by taking the FDM 3D printing method as an example, and the method is also applicable to other 3D printing methods that require support. 3D printing based on FDM technology is part formation by solidification build-up of liquid plastic material (PLA, ABS etc.) extruded by a nozzle, and the liquid printing material has viscosity, so not all suspended surfaces need to be supported. In the component shown in fig. 8, the inclination between the first surface (4) and the Z axis is small, so that the printing can be directly performed without adding a support, and the inclination between the second surface (5) and the Z axis is large, so that the printing can be performed only by adding a support. In FIG. 9, the included angle between the third surface (6) and the printing platform is alpha, and only when alpha satisfies that theta is not less than alpha and not more than 90 degrees, no support is added to the surface; when 0 ≦ α < θ, the face needs support. Theta is a printable critical angle, and the specific value of theta is different according to different printers and printing materials.
The STL format file is the most common file type in the current 3D printing field, and is a factual standard format in the 3D printing field. As shown in fig. 10, the STL file is obtained by triangulating the surface of the CAD model with a series of small triangular patches, which have a fixed connection relationship. The data stored in the STL file is vertex coordinate data of the series of triangular patches, normal vector data of the triangular patches, and adjacency data between the triangular patches.
The shapes of current support structures fall into two categories, one is to create a fully dense column-like support structure below the support area. For example, widely used open source 3D printing software, Cura slicing software, adopts such a support structure, and the generation method is: taking the model of fig. 8 as an example, after the regions to be supported (surface two and surface three) are identified in the printing process, a columnar support with a cross section having the same shape as the projection shape of the supporting surface is generated right below the supporting region, and the lowest part of the columnar support is in contact with the printing platform, as shown in fig. 11. The method has the advantages that the density of the supporting structure is high, and the supporting strength is high; the defects are that the amount of the supporting consumables is large, consumables are wasted, and the printing time is long.
The second category is to create a sparser support structure below the area to be supported. For example, the open-source 3D printing system meshimixer slicing software adopts such a support structure, and the generation method is as follows: as shown in fig. 12, in the printing process, after the region to be supported is identified, points are sampled equidistantly on the region to be supported, the sampled points are called leaf nodes of the tree, then a cone is made in the direction of the printing platform by taking the leaf nodes as vertexes, a new node is generated at the intersection of the cone and the cone, and the vertex of the cone is connected with the new node to form a branch. As shown in FIG. 13, p1、p2For two sampling points in the region to be supported, s is the new node generated, p1s、p2s is a newly generated branch. The method has the advantages of small supporting consumable quantity and short printing time; the disadvantage is poor stability of the support structure.
The method is characterized in that Cura and Meshmixer support structures are combined by West-North university fern, natural and unrestrained and the like to construct a binary tree type inclined plate support structure with a rectangular cross section, and the generation method comprises the following steps: similar to the sampling process for generating the tree support, in the printing process, after the area to be supported is identified, equidistant sampling is performed on the area to be supported in the form of parallel line segments, and the sampling line segments are called leaf nodes of the tree. As shown in FIG. 14, |1、l2Two leaf nodes, with1、l2Making triangular prisms for the bus toward the printing platform, wherein in each triangular prism, leaf nodes (l)1Or l2) The angle between the two inclined planes and the printing platform is larger than theta (printable critical angle). l3Is the new node created. With l1、l3Making a quadrangle with parallel sides by2、l3The other quadrangle (the thickened figure in the figure) is made for the parallel side, and the two quadrangles are the inclined plate supporting bodies. Fig. 15 shows an experimentally generated swash plate support structure. The method has the advantages that the crotch branch density can be reduced, the supporting structure is optimized, and the advantages are obvious under the condition that the area to be supported is a large plane; the disadvantage is small areaAnd the region to be supported with a more complex shape has a poorer support generation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a method for generating a STL-format 3D model supporting structure based on material self-supporting property, which aims to solve the problems that a supporting structure generated by the existing method for generating the 3D model supporting structure cannot give consideration to both the material consumption and the stability and cannot be suitable for a region to be supported with small area and complex shape.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for generating an STL format 3D model supporting structure based on material self-supporting property comprises the following steps:
s1: identifying a region to be supported of the printing model;
s2: adding a support body to any triangular surface patch of the region to be supported; s2 includes:
s21: determining a base support;
the basic support body (1) is a triangular pyramid consisting of triangular patches delta BCD and points A, and the angle values between three side surfaces formed by the points A and the delta BCD and the printing platform are equal to a printing critical angle theta;
s22: determining a final support body, and taking the final support body as an added support body;
if the basic support body is intersected with the printing model or the printing platform, only part of the support body between the printing model or the printing platform and the triangular surface patch is reserved as a final support body;
if the base support does not intersect the printing model or the printing platform, the following steps are carried out:
s221: extending three edges formed by the point A and the point delta BCD by taking the point A as a starting point to obtain a triangular pyramid A-B ' C ' D ', wherein the extending directions of the triangular pyramid A-B ' C ' D ' and the three edges are respectively on the same straight line, and the point B ', the point C ' and the point D ' are all positioned on a plane where the printing platform is positioned;
s222: selecting a point with the largest Z coordinate in a surface area where the triangular pyramid A-B 'C' D 'is intersected with the printing model and a delta B' C 'D' area as a final supporting point E, wherein the triangular pyramid formed by the delta BCD and the point E is a final supporting body;
s3: triangulating the surface of the added support body, and updating data of the whole STL file;
s4: repeating S2-S3 until all triangular patches in the area to be supported are added with the support; all the supports together constitute the support structure of the entire 3D model.
Specifically, the area to be supported is a set of all triangular surface patches which have an included angle alpha with the printing platform which is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to alpha and theta, theta is a printable critical angle, and the specific value of theta is different according to different printers and printing materials.
After the scheme is adopted, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has the advantages of low material consumption of the supporting structure and stable support, particularly, the supporting structure is attached to the printing model under the condition that the region to be supported is far away from the printing platform, the advantage of material consumption saving is obvious, and the invention has good applicability to the regions to be supported in different shapes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings. The drawings are not intended to be to scale as practical, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the basic support formation process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the intersection of a base support with a printing module or platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a selected final support in an embodiment of the present invention in the case where the base support intersects a printing model or printing platform;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the positional relationship of the printing model, the triangular pyramid A-Delta BCD and the triangular pyramid A-Delta B ' C ' D ' under the condition that the basic support body and the printing model or the printing platform do not intersect in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a highlighted view of the intersection region of the triangular pyramid A- Δ B ' C ' D ' and the printing model under the condition that the base support and the printing model or the printing platform do not intersect in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a final support selected without the base support intersecting the printing mold or printing platform in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a print module according to the background of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a front view of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an STL model file according to the background art of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a pillar brace according to the background of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a tree support structure according to the background art of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a process for generating a tree-like support structure according to the background art of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a diagram of a process of generating a swash plate support based on a binary tree type swash plate support in the background art of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a structural diagram of a swash plate support based on a binary tree type swash plate support in the background of the invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1-basic support body, 2-printing model, 3-printing platform, 4-surface one, 5-surface two and 6-surface three.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for generating an STL format 3D model supporting structure based on material self-supporting includes the steps of:
s1: identifying an area to be supported of the printing model 2; the area to be supported is a set of all triangular surface patches which form an included angle alpha with the printing platform 3, wherein the included angle alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than theta, theta is a printable critical angle, the specific value of theta is different according to different printers and printing materials, and the value of theta is generally within the range of 45-60 degrees.
S2: adding a support body to any triangular surface patch of the region to be supported; the support must be such that the angle alpha formed by its sides with the printing platform 3 satisfies theta ≦ alpha <90 deg.. And, on the premise of satisfying the printability, the supporter with the smallest volume is selected as the final supporter. Specifically, S2 includes the steps of:
s21: determining a base support 1;
the basic supporting body 1 is a triangular pyramid, the bottom surface of the basic supporting body is a triangular patch delta BCD to which the supporting body is to be added, the top point is a point A, and the angle value between three side surfaces formed by the point A and the delta BCD and the printing platform 3 is equal to the printing critical angle theta.
In this embodiment, taking printing an L-shaped model as shown in fig. 2 as an example, the forming direction is along the positive direction of the Z axis, as shown in fig. 2(a), wherein there is a triangular patch Δ BCD to be supported on a suspended plane having an included angle α of 0 with the printing platform 3, as shown in fig. 2(b), and the generated base support 1 is as shown in fig. 2 (c).
S22: and determining a final support body, and taking the final support body as an added support body.
In this embodiment, the base support 1 and the printing model or the printing platform 3 are not intersected, and S22 includes the following steps:
s221: as shown in fig. 5, three edges formed by the point a and the point Δ BCD, that is, the edge line AB, the edge line AC, and the edge line AD of the basic support 1A-BCD, are extended from the point a as a starting point to obtain a triangular pyramid a-B 'C' D ', the extending directions of which are respectively on the same straight line with the three edges, that is, the direction in which the Z axis decreases, and the point B', the point C ', and the point D' are all located on the plane where the printing platform 3 is located; the downward extension of the ridge line AB, the ridge line AC and the ridge line AD can be intersected with the printing model 2 or the printing platform 3, the intersection points intersected with the printing platform 3 are a point B ', a point C' and a point D ', and the included angles between the three side surfaces of the triangular pyramid reconstructed from any point (including the surface) in the area of the triangular pyramid A-B' C 'D' and the triangle BCD and the printing platform 3 are necessarily larger than the printable critical angle theta.
S222: as shown in fig. 6, a point with the largest Z coordinate in the surface area where the triangular pyramid a- Δ B 'C' D 'intersects with the printing model 2 and the Δ B' C 'D' area is selected as a final supporting point E, the triangular pyramid formed by Δ BCD and the point E is a final supporting body, and the structure of the final supporting body is shown in fig. 7; it should be understood that there may be a plurality of points having the largest Z coordinate, and in this case, one point having the largest Z coordinate may be arbitrarily selected.
S3: triangulating the surface of the added support body, and updating data of the whole STL file;
s4: repeating S2-S3 until all triangular patches in the area to be supported are added with the support; all the supports together constitute the support structure of the entire 3D model.
Example 2
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for generating an STL format 3D model support structure based on material self-supporting performance includes:
s1: identifying an area to be supported of the printing model 2; the area to be supported is a set of all triangular surface patches which form an included angle alpha with the printing platform 3, wherein the included angle alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than theta, theta is a printable critical angle, the specific value of theta is different according to different printers and printing materials, and the value of theta is generally within the range of 45-60 degrees.
S2: adding a support body to any triangular surface patch of the region to be supported; the support must be such that the angle alpha formed by its sides with the printing platform 3 satisfies theta ≦ alpha <90 deg.. And, on the premise of satisfying the printability, the supporter with the smallest volume is selected as the final supporter. Specifically, S2 includes the steps of:
s21: determining a base support 1;
the basic supporting body 1 is a triangular pyramid, the bottom surface of the basic supporting body is a triangular patch delta BCD to which the supporting body is to be added, the top point is a point A, and the angle value between three side surfaces formed by the point A and the delta BCD and the printing platform 3 is equal to the printing critical angle theta.
S22: and determining a final support body, and taking the final support body as an added support body.
Unlike embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the base support 1 intersects with the printing model or platform 3 at points E, F and G, as shown in fig. 3 in particular, in which case only the part of the support between the model or platform 3 and the triangular patch is retained as the final support, and the result is shown in fig. 4, i.e. the part enclosed by points B, C, D, E, F and G.
S3: triangulating the surface of the added support body, and updating data of the whole STL file;
s4: repeating S2-S3 until all triangular patches in the area to be supported are added with the support; all the supports together constitute the support structure of the entire 3D model.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for generating an STL format 3D model supporting structure based on material self-supporting property is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: identifying an area of the printing model (2) to be supported;
s2: adding a support body to any triangular surface patch of the region to be supported; the support body has to satisfy that the angle alpha formed by each side surface of the support body and the printing platform (3) satisfies theta ≦ alpha <90 degrees, and on the premise of satisfying the printability, the support body with the smallest volume is selected as the final support body, and specifically, S2 comprises the following steps:
s21: -determining a base support (1);
the basic support body (1) is a triangular pyramid consisting of triangular patches delta BCD and points A, and the angle values of three side surfaces formed by the points A and the delta BCD and the printing platform (3) are equal to a printing critical angle theta;
s22: determining a final support body, and taking the final support body as an added support body;
if the basic support body (1) is intersected with the printing model or the printing platform (3), only part of the support body between the printing model or the printing platform (3) and the triangular surface patch to be supported is reserved as a final support body;
if the base support (1) does not intersect the printing model or the printing platform (3), the following steps are carried out:
s221: extending three edges formed by the point A and the point delta BCD by taking the point A as a starting point to obtain a triangular pyramid A-B ' C ' D ', wherein the extending directions of the triangular pyramid A-B ' C ' D ' and the three edges are respectively on the same straight line, and the point B ', the point C ' and the point D ' are all positioned on a plane where the printing platform (3) is positioned;
s222: selecting a point with the largest Z coordinate in a surface area where the triangular pyramid A-B 'C' D 'is intersected with the printing model (2) and a point with the largest Delta B' C 'D' area as a final supporting point E, wherein the triangular pyramid formed by the Delta BCD and the point E is a final supporting body;
s3: triangulating the surface of the added support body, and updating data of the whole STL file;
s4: repeating S2-S3 until all triangular patches in the area to be supported are added with the support; all the supports together constitute the support structure of the entire 3D model.
2. The method for generating the STL format 3D model supporting structure based on the material self-supporting property as claimed in claim 1, wherein the region to be supported is a set of all triangle patches having an included angle α with the printing platform (3) of 0 ≦ α < θ, θ is a printable critical angle, and the specific value of θ is different according to different printers and printing materials.
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| CN111859489B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2024-04-16 | 深圳市纵维立方科技有限公司 | Support structure generation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN111859488B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2024-03-29 | 深圳市纵维立方科技有限公司 | Support structure generation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112590198A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-02 | 杭州电子科技大学 | STL file-based 3D printing support structure design method |
| CN113255021B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-03-31 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for generating 3D printing support structure |
| CN114274505B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-08-30 | 山东大学 | Sandwich plate fused deposition printing support structure generation method and system |
| CN117341206B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-03-29 | 南京林业大学 | Support structure generation method based on octree |
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| EP1120228B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2006-08-16 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic supports |
| CN104827666A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 北京敏速自动控制设备有限公司 | 3D printing supporting method and system thereof |
| CN105904729A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 浙江大学 | Non-support three-dimensional printing method based on inclined layering |
| CN106446472A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-22 | 清华大学 | STL-model-based intersection loop calculation algorithm for numerical control machining geometrical simulation |
| CN107825701A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-03-23 | 上海大学 | Based on five axle print platforms without support 3D printing method |
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| US20180169756A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-21 | General Electric Company | Self-breaking support for additive manufacturing |
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| EP1120228B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2006-08-16 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Stereolithographic supports |
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| CN105904729A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 浙江大学 | Non-support three-dimensional printing method based on inclined layering |
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