CN109296551A - A kind of cold compressor - Google Patents
A kind of cold compressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109296551A CN109296551A CN201811085039.2A CN201811085039A CN109296551A CN 109296551 A CN109296551 A CN 109296551A CN 201811085039 A CN201811085039 A CN 201811085039A CN 109296551 A CN109296551 A CN 109296551A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- main shaft
- rotor
- magnetic levitation
- cold compressor
- bearing
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/059—Roller bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of cold compressor, including shell, main shaft, superconducting motor, hts magnetic levitation bearing, impeller and heat insulating construction；The main shaft, the superconducting motor and the hts magnetic levitation bearing are disposed in the housing；The rotor of the superconducting motor is connected with the main shaft, and the superconducting motor is for driving the main axis；The hts magnetic levitation bearing is sheathed on the main shaft；The impeller is set to one end of the main shaft；The heat insulating construction is set between the shell and the impeller.Above-mentioned cold compressor replaces traditional high-speed motor using superconducting motor, so that motor totality calorific value is few.For the ordinary motor of same power, superconducting motor has advantage small in size, light-weight, power density is big.Therefore, above-mentioned cold compressor is not necessarily to be divided into two parts of room temperature and low temperature as traditional cold compressor, and complete machine structure is simple and compact, good economy performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to centrifugal compressor technical field more particularly to a kind of cold compressors.
Background technique
Currently, widespread practice is using multistage centrifugal cold compressor in the acquisition process of superfluid helium and supercooling helium
System, directly to cold trap decompression cooling excessively under low-temp low-pressure.In terms of obtaining supercooling helium, it is compared to normal temperature compressed machine,
Cold compressor can greatly reduce the size of compressor, improve the utilization rate of system cooling capacity, therefore becomes large-scale low-temperature and freeze
Indispensable critical component in system.
Cold compressor used in large-scale low-temperature refrigeration system is that one kind can obtain low pressure with steam in aspiration container
The slewing of environment, operating temperature is low, wide across warm area, and revolving speed is up to 104rpm-105Rpm, loading ability of bearing rigidity requirement
105N/m or more requires long-time stability high.High-speed rotating main shaft and impeller need matched motor driven
Guarantee that its normal table works with bearing support.
Traditional that the motor feels hot is serious, this is huge for influencing for the cold compressor in cryogenic system.Traditional
Cold compressor, for overcome the problems, such as high-speed motor this, cold compressor must be divided into room temperature and two parts of low temperature by when design,
It is middle that conventional high rate motor is placed in room temperature part, and it is equipped with recirculating cooling water system, to take away the heat generated when motor work
Amount, and complicated heat insulating construction is designed, reduce the heat transfer from motor to impeller wheel portion.Generally, since this fever is serious
Motor exist it is less economical so that complete machine structure is complicated.
Summary of the invention
In consideration of it, the cold compressor simple and economic it is necessary to provide a kind of structure.
A kind of cold compressor, including shell, main shaft, superconducting motor, hts magnetic levitation bearing, impeller and insulation knot
Structure；
The main shaft, the superconducting motor and the hts magnetic levitation bearing are disposed in the housing；
The rotor of the superconducting motor is connected with the main shaft, and the superconducting motor is for driving the main axis；
The hts magnetic levitation bearing is sheathed on the main shaft；
The impeller is set to one end of the main shaft；
The heat insulating construction is set between the shell and the impeller.
In one embodiment, the quantity of the hts magnetic levitation bearing is two, two high-temperature superconductor magnetic
Suspension bearing spacer sleeve be set to the main shaft on, the rotor of the superconducting motor and be located at two high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation axis
Main shaft connection between holding.
In one embodiment, the hts magnetic levitation bearing includes rotor and stator, and the rotor is sheathed on institute
It states on main shaft, the rotor includes magnet with the main axis, the rotor, and the magnet includes multiple magnet rings and more
A poly- magnet ring, the internal diameter of each magnet ring is identical with the outer diameter of the main shaft, the internal diameter of each poly- magnet ring
Identical with the outer diameter of the main shaft, the magnet ring and the poly- magnet ring spacer sleeve are set on the main shaft.
In one embodiment, the rotor further includes the carbon fiber sock being sheathed on the outside of the magnet.
In one embodiment, the stator includes liquid nitrogen cavity and high-temperature superconductor, and the high-temperature superconductor is sheathed on
The outside of the rotor, is equipped with gap between the high-temperature superconductor and the rotor, the liquid nitrogen cavity is sheathed on the height
The outside of temperature superconductive body, the liquid nitrogen cavity and high-temperature superconductor contact.
In one embodiment, the material of the liquid nitrogen cavity is copper, is filled with liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen cavity.
In one embodiment, the material of the high-temperature superconductor is yttrium barium copper oxide.
It in one embodiment, further include protection bearing, the protection bearing is set to the hts magnetic levitation bearing
One end far from the superconducting motor, the protection bearing are used to support the starting and landing of the rotor.
In one embodiment, the protection bearing is low-temp ceramics ball bearing.
It in one embodiment, further include position constraint structure, the position constraint structure is sheathed on the main shaft, and
The position constraint structure is set to the hts magnetic levitation bearing close to one end of the superconducting motor, the position constraint
Structure is used to carry out centering position constraint to the initial position of the main shaft, makes the main-shaft axis and the high-temperature superconductor magnetcisuspension
The axis that floating axle is held is overlapped.
Above-mentioned cold compressor replaces traditional high-speed motor using superconducting motor, so that motor totality calorific value is few.Superconduction
Motor replaces excitation winding or armature winding in ordinary motor using superconducting coil, is shut off spy using the height of high temperature super conductive conductor
Property, the power density of raising motor by a relatively large margin.For the ordinary motor of same power, superconducting motor has volume
Advantage small, light-weight, power density is big.In low-power output, superconducting motor almost maintains height when high-power output
Efficiency characteristic.Superconduction magnet exciting coil is almost run at a constant temperature, the longer life expectancy of rotor.Therefore, above-mentioned cold compression
Machine is not necessarily to be divided into two parts of room temperature and low temperature as traditional cold compressor, and complete machine structure is simple and compact, good economy performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the cold compressor of an embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the superconducting motor of cold compressor shown in FIG. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the hts magnetic levitation bearing of cold compressor shown in FIG. 1；
Fig. 4 is the partial structural diagram of the hts magnetic levitation bearing of cold compressor shown in FIG. 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clear the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and do not have to
It is of the invention in limiting.
As shown in Figure 1, the cold compressor 100 of an embodiment, including main shaft 10, superconducting motor 20, high-temperature superconductor magnetcisuspension
Floating axle holds 30, impeller 40, heat insulating construction 50 and shell 80.
Main shaft 10, superconducting motor 20 and hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 are set in shell 80.
The rotor and main shaft 10 of superconducting motor 20 connect, and superconducting motor 20 is for driving main shaft 10 to rotate.
Hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 is sheathed on main shaft 10.
Impeller 40 is set to one end of main shaft 10.
Heat insulating construction 50 is set between shell 80 and impeller 40.
Above-mentioned cold compressor 100 replaces traditional high-speed motor using superconducting motor 20, so that motor totality calorific value
It is few.Therefore, above-mentioned cold compressor 100 is not necessarily to be divided into two parts of room temperature and low temperature, complete machine structure as traditional cold compressor
It is simple and compact, good economy performance.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, superconducting motor 20 includes motor stator 21, rotor 22, motor bearings
23, Dewar 24, magnetic fluid seal 25 and heat-insulating material 26.22 both ends of rotor are connected by shaft coupling with main shaft 10, and
Power is provided for it.Rotor 22 uses permanent magnet.Motor stator 21 is formed using silicon steel plate packing.Make on armature winding
With superconducting coil, it is with cooling system and vacuum system outside.
Superconducting motor 20 replaces excitation winding or armature winding in ordinary motor using superconducting coil, utilizes high-temperature superconductor
The height of conducting wire shuts off characteristic, the power density of raising motor by a relatively large margin.For the ordinary motor of same power, superconduction
Motor 20 has advantage small in size, light-weight, power density is big.In low-power output, superconducting motor 20 is almost maintain
Higher efficiency when high-power output.Superconduction magnet exciting coil is almost run at a constant temperature, the longer life expectancy of rotor.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the quantity of hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 is two, two high-temperature superconductor magnetcisuspensions
Floating axle holds 30 spacer sleeves on main shaft 10.The rotor of superconducting motor 20 and it is located between two hts magnetic levitation bearings 30
Main shaft 10 connect.
Further, Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 be please also refer to, hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 includes rotor and stator.Rotor set
On main shaft 10, rotor is rotated with main shaft 10.Rotor includes magnet.Magnet includes multiple magnet rings 34 and multiple poly- magnet
Ring 36.The internal diameter of each magnet ring 34 is identical with the outer diameter of main shaft 10.The internal diameter of each poly- magnet ring 36 and main shaft 10 it is outer
Diameter is identical.Magnet ring 34 and 36 spacer sleeve of poly- magnet ring are set on main shaft 10.Further, magnet ring 34 and poly- magnet ring
It is interference fitted between 36 and main shaft 10.Further, magnet ring 34 can use the superior neodymium iron boron material of magnetic property
Material.Poly- magnet ring 36 can use cold rolling non-orientation silicon steel piece.Referring to FIG. 4, poly- magnet ring 36 is used to assemble and guide magnetic force
Line generates balanced magnetic field distribution around main shaft 10, guarantees the normal table work of shafting.
Further, the carbon fiber maintenance that the rotor of hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 further includes and is sheathed on the outside of magnet
Sheath 32.Carbon fiber sock 32 coats magnet, plays a protective role.
Make shafting simple and reliable using hts magnetic levitation bearing 30.Hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 is a kind of quilt
Dynamic formula magnetic suspension bearing.The intrinsic effect of high-temperature superconductor has shown its advantage as non-contact type carrying, mill under low temperature
Damage small, long-time stability height.Hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 is provided using the Meisser effect of high-temperature superconductor material itself
Intrinsic magnetic suspension force guarantees the self-stabilization of levitation position by pinning effect, is that currently the only one kind can be realized automatic control stabilization
Suspended pattern.Compared with bearing capacity and the preferable Active Magnetic Suspending Bearing of adaptability, without any extraneous control, just have
The suspension characteristic of self-stabilization.For the hts magnetic levitation bearing that application environment is cryogenic system, there are cryogenic conditions
The advantage readily satisfied.And even if hts magnetic levitation bearing will not be stood in the case where cryogenic system breaks down
Fail, with high security the advantages of.It is all hts magnetic levitation bearing, is used compared to axial bearing, the present invention
Transverse bearing more compact structure, axially can offset distance it is bigger, stiffness characteristics are more preferable.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, stator includes liquid nitrogen cavity 31 and high-temperature superconductor 33.Liquid nitrogen cavity 31 is sheathed on
The outside of high-temperature superconductor 33, liquid nitrogen cavity 31 and high-temperature superconductor 33 contact.
Further, the material of liquid nitrogen cavity 31 is copper, is filled with liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen cavity 31.Liquid nitrogen cavity 31 and high temperature
Superconductor 33 contacts, and liquid nitrogen cavity 31 uses copper material, to guarantee that the cooling capacity of liquid nitrogen can rapidly and evenly pass to height
Temperature superconductive body 33.Liquid nitrogen cavity 31 carries out liquid nitrogen circulation by liquid nitrogen pipeline, provides stable continue reliably for high-temperature superconductor 33
Low temperature environment.
High-temperature superconductor 33 is sheathed on the outside of rotor.Between being equipped between high-temperature superconductor 33 and carbon fiber protective layer 32
Gap.The size in gap is designed according to calculated result between carbon fiber protective layer 32 and high-temperature superconductor 33, is guaranteeing rotating requires
On the basis of, it is contemplated that it is as much as possible to generate biggish suspending power using magnetic field under the actual conditions of process and assemble.
Further, the material of high-temperature superconductor can be yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO).The critical transition temperature of YBCO is
90K is in superconducting state under 77K liquid nitrogen temperature.During being changed into superconducting state from normal state, it is cold that YBCO is constantly in field
In, the flux quantum on rotor can be captured.After superconducting state, the Meisser effect as possessed by high-temperature superconductor itself
Suspending power is generated, so that main shaft 10 is suspended, and keep original position due to pinning effect.
Above-mentioned superconductive high temperature super-conductive magnetic suspension bearing 30 meets the requirement of cold compressor shafting, simple and compact for structure, is not necessarily to volume
Outer control system, accurate positioning.
Superconducting motor 20 is connected by main shaft 10 with impeller 40, and provides torque for impeller 40, and the rotation of impeller 40 is done
Function.Compared with conventional motors, superconducting motor 20 greatly reduces the fever phenomenon of motor, has high-efficient, small in size, weight
Light feature, it is not necessary to which motor is placed in room temperature part, it is not necessary to be equipped with recirculating cooling water system, simplify the knot of cold compressor
Structure improves the economy of cold compressor.
Impeller 40 is cold compressor acting component.It is designed referring to industry inner impeller design cycle, needs special consideration low temperature
The hot physical property variation such as the expansion rate of lower unlike material and material structural strength variation.
Further, heat insulating construction 50 uses G10 material.Heat-transfer area is reduced to the greatest extent on the basis of guaranteeing structural strength
Product greatly reduces scattering and disappearing for heat.
In the embodiment shown in figure 1, cold compressor 100 further includes protection bearing 60.Bearing 60 is protected to be set to high temperature
The one end of super-conductive magnetic suspension bearing 30 far from superconducting motor 20.Protection bearing 60 is used to support the starting and landing of rotor.Into one
Step, protection bearing 7 can use low-temp ceramics ball bearing.
Further, insulation 90 is equipped between the rotor of hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 and protection bearing 60.Institute
Insulation is stated for the rotor of the hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 and protection bearing 60 to be isolated.Liquid nitrogen cavity 31 and insulation
Part 90 contacts.Insulation 90 can use G10 material.
In the embodiment shown in figure 1, cold compressor 100 further includes position constraint structure 70.Position constraint structure 70
It is sheathed on main shaft 10, and position constraint structure 70 is set to hts magnetic levitation bearing 30 close to one end of superconducting motor 20.
Position constraint structure 70 is used to carry out centering position constraint to the initial position of main shaft 10, makes the axis and high-temperature superconductor of main shaft 10
The axis of magnetic suspension bearing 30 is overlapped.
The design of the important accessory such as centering position constraint structure 70 and protection bearing 60, effectively guarantees cold compressor
100 reliable and stable operation.
In one embodiment, cold compressor 100 is set in ice chest 80.It is in vacuum negative pressure condition in ice chest 80, reduces
The heat loss of the outwardly environment of cold compressor 100 simplifies complete machine knot so as to improve the insulation effect of cold compressor 100
Structure improves the economy and safety of complete machine.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
Member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cold compressor, which is characterized in that including shell, main shaft, superconducting motor, hts magnetic levitation bearing, impeller
And heat insulating construction；
The main shaft, the superconducting motor and the hts magnetic levitation bearing are disposed in the housing；
The rotor of the superconducting motor is connected with the main shaft, and the superconducting motor is for driving the main axis；
The hts magnetic levitation bearing is sheathed on the main shaft；
The impeller is set to one end of the main shaft；
The heat insulating construction is set between the shell and the impeller.
2. cold compressor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantity of the hts magnetic levitation bearing is two
A, two hts magnetic levitation bearing spacer sleeves are set on the main shaft, the rotor of the superconducting motor and are located at two
Main shaft connection between a hts magnetic levitation bearing.
3. cold compressor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the hts magnetic levitation bearing includes rotor and determines
Son, the rotor are sheathed on the main shaft, and the rotor includes magnet with the main axis, the rotor, the magnet
Including multiple magnet rings and multiple poly- magnet rings, the internal diameter of each magnet ring is identical with the outer diameter of the main shaft, often
The internal diameter of the one poly- magnet ring is identical with the outer diameter of the main shaft, and the magnet ring and the poly- magnet ring spacer sleeve are set to
On the main shaft.
4. cold compressor as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the rotor further includes being sheathed on the outside of the magnet
Carbon fiber sock.
5. cold compressor as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the stator includes liquid nitrogen cavity and high-temperature superconductor,
The high-temperature superconductor is sheathed on the outside of the rotor, and gap is equipped between the high-temperature superconductor and the rotor, described
Liquid nitrogen cavity is sheathed on the outside of the high-temperature superconductor, the liquid nitrogen cavity and high-temperature superconductor contact.
6. cold compressor as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the material of the liquid nitrogen cavity is copper, the liquid nitrogen chamber
It is filled with liquid nitrogen in vivo.
7. cold compressor as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the material of the high-temperature superconductor is yttrium barium copper oxide.
8. cold compressor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include protection bearing, the protection bearing is set to institute
The one end of hts magnetic levitation bearing far from the superconducting motor is stated, the protection bearing is used to support the starting of the rotor
And landing.
9. cold compressor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the protection bearing is low-temp ceramics ball bearing.
10. cold compressor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it further include position constraint structure, the position constraint knot
Structure is sheathed on the main shaft, and the position constraint structure is set to the hts magnetic levitation bearing and superconducts close to described
One end of machine, the position constraint structure are used to carry out centering position constraint to the initial position of the main shaft, make the main shaft
Axis is overlapped with the axis of the hts magnetic levitation bearing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811085039.2A CN109296551B (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2018-09-18 | Cold compressor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811085039.2A CN109296551B (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2018-09-18 | Cold compressor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109296551A true CN109296551A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
| CN109296551B CN109296551B (en) | 2021-05-18 |
Family
ID=65163448
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811085039.2A Active CN109296551B (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2018-09-18 | Cold compressor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109296551B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114825754A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-07-29 | 河北工业大学 | Magnetic-liquid mixed suspension type axial flux rotating motor |
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| CN114825754B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-04-26 | 河北工业大学 | Magnetic-liquid mixed suspension type axial magnetic flux rotating motor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN109296551B (en) | 2021-05-18 |
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