CN109287462B - Cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses Download PDFInfo
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
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- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of flower cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses. A cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses comprises the following steps: A. cutting and raising seedlings in the pot; B. and (5) carrying out potted plant management on the cultivation shed. The invention saves water, fertilizer, medicine and labor, the miniature rose plant has developed root system, strong practicability, high seedling rate, strong and elegant plant and the quality of commodity potted flowers is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flower cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses.
Background
The miniature roses are evergreen shrubs belonging to genus multiloba, miniature potted series in Chinese roses, also called miniature Chinese roses, miniature small roses, diamond roses and the like due to the upright short and small flower branches and multiple flowers; the method introduces the culture variety in Europe, is fond of warm, fertile and bright in China, requires the environmental conditions of good air circulation and water drainage, and is suitable for mass production of potted plants with the substrate. In recent years, the commercial planting of the miniature roses is developed quickly, the miniature roses have a certain scale, the output per mu is millions of yuan, and the requirements on planting technology and environmental facilities are high.
At present, the potted miniature rose is cultivated by a plug seedling method, a seedbed or a non-woven bag or a nutrition pot or a plug container is used for maintaining high temperature, high humidity and shading in the seedling stage, the potted miniature rose is transplanted into a pot after rooting and survival, and molded commodity potted flowers are produced by water, fertilizer and pruning cultivation management for 80-100 days.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving the quality of miniature rose commodity pot flowers, which comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages of saving water, fertilizer, medicine and labor, developing the root system of the miniature rose plant, having strong practicability, high seedling rate, being strong and elegant, and improving the quality of the commodity potted flower.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses comprises the following steps:
A. cuttage seedling raising in pot
In a greenhouse with an automatic control wet curtain cooling, sun shading, windowing and heating system, the shading rate of a sun shading net is over 75 percent; adopting a tidal seedbed or a ground seedbed, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.5-1.7 m; the diameter of the seedling-raising flowerpot is 110-140 mm;
a. seedling raising substrate: peat soil and acidified perlite, wherein the structural length of peat soil fiber is 10-30mm, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5; the peat soil is poured with water and is soaked to be dispersed, and the volume of the peat soil and the water is 10: 1, stirring uniformly, keeping the water content above 70%, and potting; the flowerpot is placed on the tray and placed on the seedbed in order, and the substrate is sprayed with moisture during cuttage;
b. cuttage: pruning branches of the potted miniature roses to have the stem diameter of 2-5mm, and cutting the branches into cutting slips which are 2.5-3.0cm long and retain one complete leaf; soaking and disinfecting the cuttings with 1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2-3 minutes, and drying in the dark; dipping the lower end of the cutting shoot in rooting liquid, immediately inserting the cutting shoot into a flowerpot till the depth reaches leaf segments, cutting 5 plants in each pot, uniformly distributing, and uniformly enabling the leaves to face outwards;
c. and (3) coverage management: spraying 1000 times of 75% carbendazim wettable powder for sterilizing every 500 cuttings, and covering a layer of 40g/m2The wet non-woven fabric is covered with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 2 silks, the covering is tight, and the moisture of the matrix is prevented from being dissipated outwards; covering for about 2 weeks, and removing the covering material after the cutting shoots are sprayed with roots and axillary buds germinate;
d. temperature management: covering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature in the environment of the cutting seedbed to be below 27 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; after the film is uncovered, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; when the temperature is too high, the automatic control system can be used for shading sun, opening windows and reducing the temperature by a wet curtain; starting a heating system when the temperature is low;
e. humidity management: in the covering stage, the moisture in the cuttage environment is observed to be kept above 70% every day, the leaves are kept fresh green, and the water is sprayed and supplemented when the moisture is insufficient; spraying for 4 times every day after uncovering the film;
f. illumination management: in the covering stage, the illumination intensity in the cuttage environment is controlled within 4500-;
g. carrying out cuttage seedling culture in the pot for 25-30 days, wherein 5 plants inserted in the pot all survive, the root system breaks through the matrix, when less than 5 plants are transplanted out of the nursery, the seedling is supplemented, and the axillary bud of each plant grows to be 3cm high;
h. the seedlings are moved into a cultivation shed and placed in a cultivation pipeline, and water and fertilizer are immediately poured, so that the situation that the leaves are burnt due to insufficient air humidity of the cultivation shed is avoided;
B. cultivation shed potting management
a. Cultivation time: cultivating in greenhouse all the year round, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is not less than 4 ℃ at night in winter and not more than 35 ℃ in summer;
b. cultivation pipeline density: the space between the pipeline rows is 9.0-10.0cm, the space between the pots is 17.5-18.5cm, and 1.5-1.6 thousands of pots are cultivated per 667 square meter;
c. and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water and fertilizer requirements of different areas are controlled by the fertilizing center, and the fertilizing center is connected with branch nets and cultivation beds of each irrigation area through pipe networks to realize fertilizer supply and circulation; PH =6.0-6.5, EC =1.2-1.6 ms/cm, and is adjusted according to different growth stages; water and fertilizer are applied 1 time a day in summer, 1 time a day in winter, and the water and fertilizer are absorbed 5-8min each time;
after moving into a cultivation shed and pruning, fertilizing the following nutrient solution for 2-3 times: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =9-45-15 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 58.4-73.0g of magnesium sulfate, 48.0-60.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.5-0.8g of boric acid, 0.4-0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.0-1.2g of zinc sulfate, 0.20-0.25g of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.12g of sodium molybdate and 400.0-500.0g of rooting supplement liquid;
the following nutrient solution is applied for 3 times in the bud stage: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =15-10-30 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 58.4-73.0g of magnesium sulfate, 48.0-60.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.5-0.8g of boric acid, 0.4-0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.0-1.2g of zinc sulfate, 0.20-0.25g of copper sulfate and 0.1-0.12g of sodium molybdate;
the other nutrient solution for applying the water and the fertilizer every time is as follows: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K2800.0-1000.0g of O =20-20-20 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 58.4-73.0g of magnesium sulfate, 48.0-60.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.5-0.8g of boric acid, 0.4-0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.0-1.2g of zinc sulfate, 0.20-0.25g of copper sulfate and 0.1-0.12g of sodium molybdate;
leaf fertilizer: spraying 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to leaf surface for 1 time every week;
d. trimming: when the cultivation management is carried out for 25-30 days, in order to culture more flowering branches, pruning is carried out for 1 time, and branches are cut from 2-3 axillary nodes at the base of the branches; daily strengthening of removing dead leaves at the base and keeping the interior of the pot clean;
e. light, temperature and humidity and greenhouse management
Illumination: using 70% -75% shading net;
temperature: the temperature is not more than 30 ℃ in summer; the winter night temperature is not lower than 5 ℃;
humidity: less than 70%;
greenhouse control: in winter, when the air temperature rises again in the morning, a skylight is opened, a side window is opened for ventilation and moisture removal for 20-30min, the side window is closed in time, and then moisture removal operation is performed once every 3-4 hours; the skylight is normally opened in the daytime in sunny summer, the side windows are ventilated for 30min in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon every day, and the side windows are opened to remove moisture in time after the rainy day;
f. pest and disease damage: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold; the insect pest mainly prevents and treats aphids, red spiders and thrips; timely removing diseased plants, removing diseased leaves and flowers, strengthening ventilation and keeping the air humidity at 50% -70%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention leads the miniature rose to be directly inserted into the pot culture flowerpot, maintains the humidity required by the inserted seedling in the pot by covering the air permeability and the water retention of the matrix, has fresh and evergreen leaves, and can promote the simultaneous growth of roots and plants, thereby having rapid, healthy, stout and regular growth.
2. The miniature roses are planted in the cultivation pipeline, required nutrition is provided according to different growth stages, water and fertilizer circulation automatic irrigation is realized, operation is convenient, labor is saved, and large-scale production is realized.
3. According to the invention, the cultivation density is designed according to the growth space of plants, and the air circulation, ventilation and air permeability are increased by the gaps among the pipelines; the space in the pipeline is sufficient, certain humidity is kept, the root system is breathable and has good air exchange, the growth of the root system is facilitated, the growth of flowering branches is promoted, and the quality of potted commodities is greatly improved.
5. The potted miniature roses are planted, the seedlings can be raised by 12 batches each year, and the cultivation shed can be used for annual cyclic planting for more than 5 batches, so that the cyclic production is ensured, and the yield of the potted roses is greatly improved. The utilization rate of the seedbed per 667 square meters is improved from 75% to 88.8%, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved from 16.42% to 81.95%, the number of workers for watering and fertilizing is reduced from 8.64 hours to 2.31 hours each time, the commodity rate of pot flower is improved from 65.3% to 98.8%, the annual yield reaches 6.96 thousands of pots, the output value is improved from 40.73 thousands to 66.28 ten thousand yuan, and the yield is increased by 25.55 ten thousand yuan. The method is popularized and applied to 35 mu of Yuxi in 2017 plus 2018, 236 ten thousand pots are produced in an accumulated mode, the total yield is 1964 ten thousand yuan, and the newly increased yield is 828 ten thousand yuan.
6. The invention has the advantages of water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving and labor saving, realizes green and healthy cultivation, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses comprises the following steps:
A. cuttage seedling raising in pot
In a greenhouse with an automatic control wet curtain cooling, sun shading, windowing and heating system, the shading rate of a sun shading net is over 75 percent; adopting a tide type seedbed or a ground seedbed, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.5 m; the diameter of the seedling-raising flowerpot is 110 mm;
a. seedling raising substrate: peat soil and acidified perlite, wherein the structural length of peat soil fiber is 10-30mm, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5; the peat soil is poured with water and is soaked to be dispersed, and the volume of the peat soil and the water is 10: 1, stirring uniformly, keeping the water content above 70%, and potting; the flowerpot is placed on the tray and placed on the seedbed in order, and the substrate is sprayed with moisture during cuttage;
b. cuttage: pruning branches of the potted miniature roses to have the stem diameter of 2-5mm, and cutting the branches into cutting slips which are 2.5-3.0cm long and retain one complete leaf; soaking and disinfecting the cuttings with 1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2-3 minutes, and drying in the dark; dipping the lower end of the cutting shoot in rooting liquid, immediately inserting the cutting shoot into a flowerpot till the depth reaches leaf segments, cutting 5 plants in each pot, uniformly distributing, and uniformly enabling the leaves to face outwards;
c. and (3) coverage management: spraying 1000 times of 75% carbendazim wettable powder for sterilizing every 500 cuttings, and covering a layer of 40g/m2The wet non-woven fabric is covered with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 2 silks, the covering is tight, and the moisture of the matrix is prevented from being dissipated outwards; covering for about 2 weeks, and removing the covering material after the cutting shoots are sprayed with roots and axillary buds germinate;
d. temperature management: covering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature in the environment of the cutting seedbed to be below 27 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; after the film is uncovered, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; when the temperature is too high, the automatic control system can be used for shading sun, opening windows and reducing the temperature by a wet curtain; starting a heating system when the temperature is low;
e. humidity management: in the covering stage, the moisture in the cuttage environment is observed to be kept above 70% every day, the leaves are kept fresh green, and the water is sprayed and supplemented when the moisture is insufficient; spraying for 4 times every day after uncovering the film;
f. illumination management: in the covering stage, the illumination intensity in the cuttage environment is controlled within 4500-;
g. carrying out cuttage seedling culture in the pot for 25-30 days, wherein 5 plants inserted in the pot all survive the root system and break through the matrix, when less than 5 plants are transplanted out of the nursery, the seedling is supplemented, and the axillary bud of each plant grows to be about 3cm high;
h. the seedlings are moved into a cultivation shed and placed in a cultivation pipeline, and water and fertilizer are immediately poured, so that the situation that the leaves are burnt due to insufficient air humidity of the cultivation shed is avoided;
B. cultivation shed potting management
a. Cultivation time: cultivating in greenhouse all the year round, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is not less than 4 ℃ at night in winter and not more than 35 ℃ in summer;
b. cultivation pipeline density: gaps among the pipeline rows are 9.0cm, the space between every two pots is 17.5cm, and 1.6 thousands of pots are cultivated per 667 square meters;
c. and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water and fertilizer requirements of different areas are controlled by the fertilizing center, and the fertilizing center is connected with branch nets and cultivation beds of each irrigation area through pipe networks to realize fertilizer supply and circulation; pH =6.0-6.5, EC =1.2-1.6 ms/cm, adjusted according to different growth stages; water and fertilizer are applied 1 time a day in summer, 1 time a day in winter, and the water and fertilizer are absorbed 5-8min each time;
after moving into a cultivation shed and pruning, fertilizing the following nutrient solution for 2-3 times: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =9-45-15 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 58.4g of magnesium sulfate, 48.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.5g of boric acid, 0.4g of manganese sulfate, 1.0g of zinc sulfate, 0.20g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of sodium molybdate and 400.0g of rooting supplement liquid;
the following nutrient solution is applied for 3 times in the bud stage: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =15-10-30 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 58.4g of magnesium sulfate, 48.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.5g of boric acid, 0.4g of manganese sulfate, 1.0g of zinc sulfate, 0.20g of copper sulfate and 0.1g of sodium molybdate;
the other nutrient solution for applying the water and the fertilizer every time is as follows: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K2800.0g of O =20-20-20 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 58.4g of magnesium sulfate, 48.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.5g of boric acid, 0.4g of manganese sulfate, 1.0g of zinc sulfate, 0.20g of copper sulfate and 0.1g of sodium molybdate;
leaf fertilizer: spraying 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to leaf surface for 1 time every week;
d. trimming: when the cultivation management is carried out for 25-30 days, in order to culture more flowering branches, pruning is carried out for 1 time, and branches are cut from 2-3 axillary nodes at the base of the branches; daily strengthening of removing dead leaves at the base and keeping the interior of the pot clean;
e. light, temperature and humidity and greenhouse management
Illumination: a 70% shading net was used;
temperature: the temperature is not more than 30 ℃ in summer; the winter night temperature is not lower than 5 ℃;
humidity: less than 70%;
greenhouse control: in winter, when the air temperature rises again in the morning, a skylight is opened, a side window is opened for ventilation and moisture removal for 20-30min, the side window is closed in time, and then moisture removal operation is performed once every 3-4 hours; the skylight is normally opened in the daytime in sunny summer, the side windows are ventilated for 30min in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon every day, and the side windows are opened to remove moisture in time after the rainy day;
f. pest and disease damage: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold; the insect pest mainly prevents and treats aphids, red spiders and thrips; timely removing diseased plants, removing diseased leaves and flowers, strengthening ventilation and keeping the air humidity at 50% -70%.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses comprises the following steps:
A. cuttage seedling raising in pot
In a greenhouse with an automatic control wet curtain cooling, sun shading, windowing and heating system, the shading rate of a sun shading net is over 75 percent; adopting a tide type seedbed or a ground seedbed, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.6 m; the diameter of the seedling-raising flowerpot is 125 mm;
a. seedling raising substrate: peat soil and acidified perlite, wherein the structural length of peat soil fiber is 10-30mm, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5; the peat soil is poured with water and is soaked to be dispersed, and the volume of the peat soil and the water is 10: 1, stirring uniformly, keeping the water content above 70%, and potting; the flowerpot is placed on the tray and placed on the seedbed in order, and the substrate is sprayed with moisture during cuttage;
b. cuttage: pruning branches of the potted miniature roses to have the stem diameter of 2-5mm, and cutting the branches into cutting slips which are 2.5-3.0cm long and retain one complete leaf; soaking and disinfecting the cuttings with 1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2-3 minutes, and drying in the dark; dipping the lower end of the cutting shoot in rooting liquid, immediately inserting the cutting shoot into a flowerpot till the depth reaches leaf segments, cutting 5 plants in each pot, uniformly distributing, and uniformly enabling the leaves to face outwards;
c. and (3) coverage management: spraying 1000 times of 75% carbendazim wettable powder for sterilizing every 500 cuttings, and covering a layer of 40g/m2The wet non-woven fabric is covered with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 2 silks, the covering is tight, and the moisture of the matrix is prevented from being dissipated outwards; covering for about 2 weeks, and removing the covering material after the cutting shoots are sprayed with roots and axillary buds germinate;
d. temperature management: covering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature in the environment of the cutting seedbed to be below 27 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; after the film is uncovered, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; when the temperature is too high, the automatic control system can be used for shading sun, opening windows and reducing the temperature by a wet curtain; starting a heating system when the temperature is low;
e. humidity management: in the covering stage, the moisture in the cuttage environment is observed to be kept above 70% every day, the leaves are kept fresh green, and the water is sprayed and supplemented when the moisture is insufficient; spraying for 4 times every day after uncovering the film;
f. illumination management: in the covering stage, the illumination intensity in the cuttage environment is controlled within 4500-;
g. carrying out cuttage seedling culture in the pot for 25-30 days, wherein 5 plants inserted in the pot all survive, the root system breaks through the matrix, when less than 5 plants are transplanted out of the nursery, the seedling is supplemented, and the axillary bud of each plant grows to be 3cm high;
h. the seedlings are moved into a cultivation shed and placed in a cultivation pipeline, and water and fertilizer are immediately poured, so that the situation that the leaves are burnt due to insufficient air humidity of the cultivation shed is avoided;
B. cultivation shed potting management
a. Cultivation time: cultivating in greenhouse all the year round, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is not less than 4 ℃ at night in winter and not more than 35 ℃ in summer;
b. cultivation pipeline density: gaps among the pipeline rows are 9.50cm, the space between every two pots is 18.0cm, and 1.55 million pots are cultivated per 667 square meters;
c. and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water and fertilizer requirements of different areas are controlled by the fertilizing center, and the fertilizing center is connected with branch nets and cultivation beds of each irrigation area through pipe networks to realize fertilizer supply and circulation; pH =6.0-6.5, EC =1.2-1.6 ms/cm, adjusted according to different growth stages; water and fertilizer are applied 1 time a day in summer, 1 time a day in winter, and the water and fertilizer are absorbed 5-8min each time;
after moving into a cultivation shed and pruning, fertilizing the following nutrient solution for 2-3 times: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =9-45-15 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 60.7g of magnesium sulfate, 54.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.65g of boric acid, 0.45g of manganese sulfate, 1.1g of zinc sulfate, 0.23g of copper sulfate, 0.11g of sodium molybdate and 450.0g of rooting supplement liquid;
the following nutrient solution is applied for 3 times in the bud stage: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =15-10-30 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 60.7g of magnesium sulfate, 54.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.65g of boric acid, 0.45g of manganese sulfate, 1.1g of zinc sulfate, 0.23g of copper sulfate and 0.11g of sodium molybdate;
the other nutrient solution for applying the water and the fertilizer every time is as follows: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K2900.0g of O =20-20-20 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 60.7g of magnesium sulfate, 54.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.65g of boric acid, 0.45g of manganese sulfate, 1.1g of zinc sulfate, 0.23g of copper sulfate and 0.11g of sodium molybdate;
leaf fertilizer: spraying 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to leaf surface for 1 time every week;
d. trimming: when the cultivation management is carried out for 25-30 days, in order to culture more flowering branches, pruning is carried out for 1 time, and branches are cut from 2-3 axillary nodes at the base of the branches; daily strengthening of removing dead leaves at the base and keeping the interior of the pot clean;
e. light, temperature and humidity and greenhouse management
Illumination: using a 75% shade screen;
temperature: the temperature is not more than 30 ℃ in summer; the winter night temperature is not lower than 5 ℃;
humidity: less than 70%;
greenhouse control: in winter, when the air temperature rises again in the morning, a skylight is opened, a side window is opened for ventilation and moisture removal for 20-30min, the side window is closed in time, and then moisture removal operation is performed once every 3-4 hours; the skylight is normally opened in the daytime in sunny summer, the side windows are ventilated for 30min in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon every day, and the side windows are opened to remove moisture in time after the rainy day;
f. pest and disease damage: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold; the insect pest mainly prevents and treats aphids, red spiders and thrips; timely removing diseased plants, removing diseased leaves and flowers, strengthening ventilation and keeping the air humidity at 50% -70%.
Example 3
1. A cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses comprises the following steps:
A. cuttage seedling raising in pot
In a greenhouse with an automatic control wet curtain cooling, sun shading, windowing and heating system, the shading rate of a sun shading net is over 75 percent; adopting a tide type seedbed or a ground seedbed, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.7 m; the diameter of the seedling-raising flowerpot is 140 mm;
a. seedling raising substrate: peat soil and acidified perlite, wherein the structural length of peat soil fiber is 10-30mm, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5; the peat soil is poured with water and is soaked to be dispersed, and the volume of the peat soil and the water is 10: 1, stirring uniformly, keeping the water content above 70%, and potting; the flowerpot is placed on the tray and placed on the seedbed in order, and the substrate is sprayed with moisture during cuttage;
b. cuttage: pruning branches of the potted miniature roses to have the stem diameter of 2-5mm, and cutting the branches into cutting slips which are 2.5-3.0cm long and retain one complete leaf; soaking and disinfecting the cuttings with 1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2-3 minutes, and drying in the dark; dipping the lower end of the cutting shoot in rooting liquid, immediately inserting the cutting shoot into a flowerpot till the depth reaches leaf segments, cutting 5 plants in each pot, uniformly distributing, and uniformly enabling the leaves to face outwards;
c. and (3) coverage management: spraying 1000 times of 75% carbendazim wettable powder for sterilizing every 500 cuttings, and covering a layer of 40g/m2The wet non-woven fabric is covered with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 2 silks, the covering is tight, and the moisture of the matrix is prevented from being dissipated outwards; covering for about 2 weeks, and removing the covering material after the cutting shoots are sprayed with roots and axillary buds germinate;
d. temperature management: covering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature in the environment of the cutting seedbed to be below 27 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; after the film is uncovered, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; when the temperature is too high, the automatic control system can be used for shading sun, opening windows and reducing the temperature by a wet curtain; starting a heating system when the temperature is low;
e. humidity management: in the covering stage, the moisture in the cuttage environment is observed to be kept above 70% every day, the leaves are kept fresh green, and the water is sprayed and supplemented when the moisture is insufficient; spraying for 4 times every day after uncovering the film;
f. illumination management: in the covering stage, the illumination intensity in the cuttage environment is controlled within 4500-;
g. carrying out cuttage seedling culture in the pot for 25-30 days, wherein 5 plants inserted in the pot all survive, the root system breaks through the matrix, when less than 5 plants are transplanted out of the nursery, the seedling is supplemented, and the axillary bud of each plant grows to be 3cm high;
h. the seedlings are moved into a cultivation shed and placed in a cultivation pipeline, and water and fertilizer are immediately poured, so that the situation that the leaves are burnt due to insufficient air humidity of the cultivation shed is avoided;
B. cultivation shed potting management
a. Cultivation time: cultivating in greenhouse all the year round, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is not less than 4 ℃ at night in winter and not more than 35 ℃ in summer;
b. cultivation pipeline density: gaps among the pipeline rows are 10.0cm, the space between every two pots is 18.5cm, and 1.5 thousands of pots are cultivated per 667 square meters;
c. and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water and fertilizer requirements of different areas are controlled by the fertilizing center, and the fertilizing center is connected with branch nets and cultivation beds of each irrigation area through pipe networks to realize fertilizer supply and circulation; pH =6.0-6.5, EC =1.2-1.6 ms/cm, adjusted according to different growth stages; water and fertilizer are applied 1 time a day in summer, 1 time a day in winter, and the water and fertilizer are absorbed 5-8min each time;
after moving into a cultivation shed and pruning, fertilizing the following nutrient solution for 2-3 times: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =9-45-15 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 73.0g of magnesium sulfate, 60.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.8g of boric acid and 0.5g of manganese sulfate1.2g of zinc sulfate, 0.25g of copper sulfate, 0.12g of sodium molybdate and 500.0g of rooting supplement liquid;
the following nutrient solution is applied for 3 times in the bud stage: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =15-10-30 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 73.0g of magnesium sulfate, 60.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.8g of boric acid, 0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.2g of zinc sulfate, 0.25g of copper sulfate and 0.12g of sodium molybdate;
the other nutrient solution for applying the water and the fertilizer every time is as follows: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =20-20-20 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 73.0g of magnesium sulfate, 60.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.8g of boric acid, 0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.2g of zinc sulfate, 0.25g of copper sulfate and 0.12g of sodium molybdate;
leaf fertilizer: spraying 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to leaf surface for 1 time every week;
d. trimming: when the cultivation management is carried out for 25-30 days, in order to culture more flowering branches, pruning is carried out for 1 time, and branches are cut from 2-3 axillary nodes at the base of the branches; daily strengthening of removing dead leaves at the base and keeping the interior of the pot clean;
e. light, temperature and humidity and greenhouse management
Illumination: using a 75% shade screen;
temperature: the temperature is not more than 30 ℃ in summer; the winter night temperature is not lower than 5 ℃;
humidity: less than 70%;
greenhouse control: in winter, when the air temperature rises again in the morning, a skylight is opened, a side window is opened for ventilation and moisture removal for 20-30min, the side window is closed in time, and then moisture removal operation is performed once every 3-4 hours; the skylight is normally opened in the daytime in sunny summer, the side windows are ventilated for 30min in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon every day, and the side windows are opened to remove moisture in time after the rainy day;
f. pest and disease damage: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold; the insect pest mainly prevents and treats aphids, red spiders and thrips; timely removing diseased plants, removing diseased leaves and flowers, strengthening ventilation and keeping the air humidity at 50% -70%.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method for improving commodity quality of potted miniature roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. cuttage seedling raising in pot
In a greenhouse with an automatic control wet curtain cooling, sun shading, windowing and heating system, the shading rate of a sun shading net is over 75 percent; adopting a tide type seedbed or a ground seedbed, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.6 m; the diameter of the seedling-raising flowerpot is 125 mm;
a. seedling raising substrate: peat soil and acidified perlite, wherein the structural length of peat soil fiber is 10-30mm, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5; the peat soil is poured with water and is soaked to be dispersed, and the volume of the peat soil and the water is 10: 1, stirring uniformly, keeping the water content above 70%, and potting; the flowerpot is placed on the tray and placed on the seedbed in order, and the substrate is sprayed with moisture during cuttage;
b. cuttage: pruning branches of the potted miniature roses to have the stem diameter of 2-5mm, and cutting the branches into cutting slips which are 2.5-3.0cm long and retain one complete leaf; soaking and disinfecting the cuttings with 1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2-3 minutes, and drying in the dark; dipping the lower end of the cutting shoot in rooting liquid, immediately inserting the cutting shoot into a flowerpot till the depth reaches leaf segments, cutting 5 plants in each pot, uniformly distributing, and uniformly enabling the leaves to face outwards;
c. and (3) coverage management: spraying 1000 times of 75% carbendazim wettable powder for sterilizing every 500 cuttings, and covering a layer of 40g/m2The wet non-woven fabric is covered with a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 2 silks, the covering is tight, and the moisture of the matrix is prevented from being dissipated outwards; covering for about 2 weeks, and removing the covering material after the cutting shoots are sprayed with roots and axillary buds germinate;
d. temperature management: covering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; controlling the temperature in the environment of the cutting seedbed to be below 27 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; after the film is uncovered, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled within 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 8 ℃ at night; when the temperature is too high, the automatic control system can be used for shading sun, opening windows and reducing the temperature by a wet curtain; starting a heating system when the temperature is low;
e. humidity management: in the covering stage, the moisture in the cuttage environment is observed to be kept above 70% every day, the leaves are kept fresh green, and the water is sprayed and supplemented when the moisture is insufficient; spraying for 4 times every day after uncovering the film;
f. illumination management: in the covering stage, the illumination intensity in the cuttage environment is controlled within 4500-;
g. carrying out cuttage seedling culture in the pot for 25-30 days, wherein 5 plants inserted in the pot all survive, the root system breaks through the matrix, when less than 5 plants are transplanted out of the nursery, the seedling is supplemented, and the axillary bud of each plant grows to be 3cm high;
h. the seedlings are moved into a cultivation shed and placed in a cultivation pipeline, and water and fertilizer are immediately poured, so that the situation that the leaves are burnt due to insufficient air humidity of the cultivation shed is avoided;
B. cultivation shed potting management
a. Cultivation time: cultivating in greenhouse all the year round, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is not less than 4 ℃ at night in winter and not more than 35 ℃ in summer;
b. cultivation pipeline density: gaps among the pipeline rows are 9.50cm, the space between every two pots is 18.0cm, and 1.55 million pots are cultivated per 667 square meters;
c. and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water and fertilizer requirements of different areas are controlled by the fertilizing center, and the fertilizing center is connected with branch nets and cultivation beds of each irrigation area through pipe networks to realize fertilizer supply and circulation; pH =6.0-6.5, EC =1.2-1.6 ms/cm, adjusted according to different growth stages; water and fertilizer are applied 1 time a day in summer, 1 time a day in winter, and the water and fertilizer are absorbed 5-8min each time;
after moving into a cultivation shed and pruning, fertilizing the following nutrient solution for 2-3 times: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =9-45-15 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 60.7g of magnesium sulfate, 54.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.65g of boric acid, 0.45g of manganese sulfate, 1.1g of zinc sulfate, 0.23g of copper sulfate, 0.11g of sodium molybdate and 450.0g of rooting supplement liquid;
the following nutrient solution is applied for 3 times in the bud stage: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K21000.0g of O =15-10-30 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 60.7g of magnesium sulfate, 54.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.65g of boric acid, 0.45g of manganese sulfate, 1.1g of zinc sulfate, 0.23g of copper sulfate and 0.11g of sodium molybdate;
the other nutrient solution for applying the water and the fertilizer every time is as follows: each 1 ton of nutrient solution contains N-P2O5-K2900.0g of O =20-20-20 high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizer, 60.7g of magnesium sulfate, 54.0g of chelated iron with the iron content of not less than 6.0%, 0.65g of boric acid, 0.45g of manganese sulfate, 1.1g of zinc sulfate, 0.23g of copper sulfate and 0.11g of sodium molybdate;
leaf fertilizer: spraying 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to leaf surface for 1 time every week;
d. trimming: when the cultivation management is carried out for 25-30 days, in order to culture more flowering branches, pruning is carried out for 1 time, and branches are cut from 2-3 axillary nodes at the base of the branches; daily strengthening of removing dead leaves at the base and keeping the interior of the pot clean;
e. light, temperature and humidity and greenhouse management
Illumination: using a 75% shade screen;
temperature: the temperature is not more than 30 ℃ in summer; the winter night temperature is not lower than 5 ℃;
humidity: less than 70%;
greenhouse control: in winter, when the air temperature rises again in the morning, a skylight is opened, a side window is opened for ventilation and moisture removal for 20-30min, the side window is closed in time, and then moisture removal operation is performed once every 3-4 hours; the skylight is normally opened in the daytime in sunny summer, the side windows are ventilated for 30min in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon every day, and the side windows are opened to remove moisture in time after the rainy day;
f. pest and disease damage: the disease is mainly used for preventing and treating powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold; the insect pest mainly prevents and treats aphids, red spiders and thrips; timely removing diseased plants, removing diseased leaves and flowers, strengthening ventilation and keeping the air humidity at 50% -70%.
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