CN109287364A - A kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery - Google Patents
A kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery, it include seed collecting, seed treatment, presprouting of seeds, substrate preparation, sprout take, the process of plant seedlings upper cup, seedling management, seedling grafting and outplanting, by implementing sand storage vernalization after the seed of the mature crataegus jingxiensis Li fruit of acquisition, the processing such as soaked seed, sterilized, it takes out and is planted seedlings in the non-woven fabrics nutrition cup that mixed-matrix is housed after seed sprouting, pass through the choiceness seedling for obtaining to be out of the garden after seedling management and grafting.The crataegus jingxiensis Li seedling root that the present invention cultivates is flourishing, and robust growth can effectively improve the survival rate and increment of afforestation, with good economic efficiency and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation method technical fields, and in particular to a kind of side of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery
Method.
Background technique
Crataegus jingxiensis Li (Crataegus jingxiensis Li) is national may because its fruit is big and well-known
In rare variety, it is the new varieties finding in the generaI investigation of phase early 1980s whole nation hawthorn, and 1985 by woods
It learns expert Li Xiangdong etc. formally to name as crataegus jingxiensis Li, fruit is especially big, and full of nutrition, edible and medicinal value is all very
Height is determined as dual-purpose of drug and food food by health ministry.Crataegus jingxiensis Li not only has enhancing myocardial contractive power, increases the heart
Room ventricle motional amplitude increases coronary blood flow, prevents arrhythmia, reduces serum cholesterol and glycerolipid, Methyclothiazide
The effects of urine and calmness, there are also disperse accumulation, scattered silt, resolving sputum, removing toxic substances, hemostasis, reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention, refresh the mind, and good efficacy to suffering from a deficiency of the kidney promotes food
Be intended to and other effects.
Currently, crataegus jingxiensis Li, mainly based on sporadicly planting, most of is all seedling, and yield is relatively low, quality ginseng
Difference is uneven, is far from satisfying the raw materials requirement of people's health care, therefore, there is an urgent need to reinforce the plantation of crataegus jingxiensis Li
With the research utilized.
Chinese Patent Application No. is that the patent application of CN201611017639.6 discloses a kind of " nursery skill of fructus crataegi pinnatifidae
Art ", mainly include seed collecting, seed treatment, the wet sand Stratificated treatment of seed, selection of land program request, seedling pinching, bud connect and etc. into
The bud ratio of seed can be improved in row nursery, so that seedling is growed strongr neat, qualification rate is higher；Chinese Patent Application No.
Disclose " a kind of hawthorn seedling grafting Cultivating techniques " for the patent application of CN201510667112.7 comprising seed collection with
Processing, site preparation sowing, seedling management, scion preparation, engrafting method and manage after connecing and etc. carry out the grafting training of hawthorn nursery stock
It educates.
Foregoing invention is still to plant seedling raising manners using traditional big field, since cultivating seedlings are plant resources cultivations, open
The important link utilized is sent out, wherein the selection of seedling raising manners is particularly significant, and compared with big field cultivation seedling raising manners, container
Nursery has clear advantage, such as saves sowing quantity, favorably cultivate strong sprout, shorten growing-seedling period, improve the surrival rate of afforestation, institute
To carry out the container nursery of crataegus jingxiensis Li using mixed-matrix, the side such as survival rate after nursery stock growing way, quality and afforestation
Face can reach good desired effect, this has great importance to the industry development of crataegus jingxiensis Li.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a kind of methods of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery, and this method is using dress
There is the cultivation container crataegus jingxiensis Li nursery stock of mixed-matrix, improves the speed and quality of crataegus jingxiensis Li cultivating seedlings.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
A kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery is soaked seed, is disappeared by the crataegus jingxiensis Li seed that acquisition is mature
Implement sand storage vernalization after poison processing, takes out and planted seedlings in the non-woven fabrics nutrition cup that mixed-matrix is housed after seed sprouting, pass through seedling
Period management, seedling grafting obtain the choiceness seedling that can be out of the garden, and main operational steps are as follows:
(1) collect seed: in mid or late September to early October, fruit picking carried out when fruit becomes light yellow, rived after fruit picking with knife and
When take out seed, select full large seed spare；Remaining fruit after collecting seed is collected to obtain by crushed 20 mesh screens
Hawthorn fruit powder is spare；
(2) seed treatment: being rinsed with water again after the large seed selected in step (1) is crumpled with white lime, containing
The Skin mucus of saccharic is washed off, and then rinses seed after soaking disinfection well in the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.3%,
1h is impregnated with water of taking root again, pulls standby hiding of drying in the shade out；
(3) presprouting of seeds: in January to 2 months in the coming year, the seed that step (2) is handled well is equably sown in by normal
It advises in the sand bed sterilized, the wet sand for then covering 1~2cm high carries out sand storage vernalization, and putting up plastics prevents rain drop erosion,
Cool canopy shading is put up simultaneously；
(4) substrate preparation: using red heart soil and sufficiently decomposed coco bran as matrix configuration raw material, while add calcium magnesium phosphate,
Hawthorn fruit powder described in plant ash and step (1), according to red heart soil: coco bran: calcium magnesium phosphate: plant ash: hawthorn fruit powder be (12~
16): (4~8): the volume ratio of 1:1:1 obtains matrix after mixing well, and matrix is then filled nutrition cup by the rule of the wide 1m of every furrow
Lattice are closely placed in the ground of garden, and 1d is drenched matrix the processing that carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate that concentration is 0.1% before planting seedlings；
(5) sprout takes: after step (3) 18~22d of sand storage vernalization, manually gently take the sprout for showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and growing to radicle,
And appended sand is washed off with clear water, the sprout too long to radicle carries out cutting root processing, and the root long degree of reservation is 3~4cm；
(6) plant seedlings upper cup: first the matrix in nutrition cup being drenched with clear water, is then inserted in matrix in cup with small wooden one small
Hole, depth are advisable with just having buried seed, are then placed in step (5) and are taken and processed sprout, and are squeezed to sprout direction
Matrix is pressed, finally drenches and water and shades；
(7) seedling management
1. water drenching: water supply in media evaporates situation in the upper cup backsight nutrition cup that plants seedlings, and in time, equably water drenching, keeps soil humidity
It is 70%~80%；
2. foliage top dressing: monthly periodically spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time；
3. top dressing: after nursery stock grows 2~3 leaves, respectively drenching and apply instant nitrogenousfertilizer 1 time in mid-April, early July, each dosage is 10
~15 kg/667m2；
4. removal shading: removing sunshade net when nursery stock grows to 10cm；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: spraying primary prevention and treatment liquid every half a month；The prevention and treatment liquid is by camellia leaf, pine tree leaf, ginkgo leaf
And mulberry leaf, it mixes, dries in the shade at 12~15 DEG C, coarse powder is broken to 50 mesh, adds 5~10 times of boilings according to the parts by weight of 1:1:1:1
Boil half an hour, take filter vacuum be concentrated into original volume 3/4 after obtain；
(8) seedling grafting: October next year after completing above-mentioned upper cup step of planting seedlings, in Jingxi great Guo Shan of excellent result
Fringe bar is acquired on the big tree of short, bristly hair or beard, and seedling grafting is carried out using the engrafting method of conventional cleft grafting or cut-grafting, is covered after grafting shady
Canopy shades；15d carries out survival rate inspection after grafting, and the benefit that carries out in time not survived connects, after scion rudiment length to 15cm
Remove and sprouts and unbind；
(9) outplanting: 25~35d carries out hardening before being out of the garden, and 1 d drenches water before being out of the garden, and selects robust growth, no disease and pests harm
Outplanting afforestation.
Further, the water of taking root in above-mentioned steps (2) be 50ppm by concentration indolebutyric acid and concentration be 100ppm
Niacin mix composition.
Further, the nutrition cup in above-mentioned steps (4) is the non-woven fabrics nutrition cup of 16cm × 16cm；Garden it is selected at ground
Gesture is flat, illumination is sufficient, close to the place at water source.
Further, the shade in above-mentioned steps (6) is that the sunshade net for being 70% with obscurity puts up high 1.8~2m in flakes
Cool canopy carries out.
Further, the foliar fertilizer in above-mentioned steps (7) is by following mass concentration at being grouped as: 0.2~0.3%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01~0.02% heteroauxin.
Further, instant nitrogenousfertilizer described in above-mentioned steps (7) is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5~
10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2~5 parts of calcium nitrate, 1000~1500 parts of water.Since great Guo Shan quarrel in Jingxi is very sensitive to liquid manure, in Fast-growth phase
Demand of the phase to nitrogen is greater than phosphorus and potassium, so the top dressing of the technical program is conducive to using ammonium nitrate and the preparation of calcium nitrate and water
The instant nitrogenousfertilizer that crataegus jingxiensis Li absorbs.
Further, the hardening in above-mentioned steps (9) is to gradually decrease rich water by removing cool canopy and supply to former supply amount
What half carried out.
The technical program has the advantages that compared with prior art
1, in order to provide good seed to subsequent nursery work, the technical program selects lurid crataegus jingxiensis Li fruit
It is real, and select large seed full in fruit and carry out subsequent nursery；Remaining fruit recycling crushes conduct after collecting seed simultaneously
Raw material prepares the matrix that successive container nursery uses, and improves the level of resources utilization.
2, the technical program is rinsed with water in seed treatment with white lime rubbing seed again, because of the mucus of the surface of the seed
Belong to a kind of Pectic polysaccharides substance, can be the pectin calcification of the surface of the seed with white lime rubbing, being then rinsed with water again can
To effectively remove the mucus on seed coat.
3, the technical program selects red heart soil, coco bran, calcium magnesium phosphate, plant ash and hawthorn fruit powder to prepare according to a certain ratio
Matrix is used for the cultivation of crataegus jingxiensis Li seedling, can satisfy the nutritional need of crataegus jingxiensis Li seedling growth, because coco bran
Water-retaining property and gas permeability are preferable, have both been conducive to crop and have taken root, germinate, and can sufficiently keep moisture and nutrient, have reduced and be lost, may be used also
To effectively prevent root system of plant to be corroded, promote its growth, and it is sufficiently decomposed after coco bran pH value be suitable for the content of organic matter
Height, carbon-nitrogen ratio is lower, can keep the chemical balance of nutrient solution, full of nutrition, is conducive to crataegus jingxiensis Li container seedling to nutrient
Absorption.By coco bran and red heart soil mixed preparing matrix, enhance matrix permeability and water-retaining property；Calcium and magnesium phosphorus is added in matrix simultaneously
The high plant ash of fertilizer, potassium content can supplement the nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium for coco bran and red heart soil mixed-matrix, and collect seed
Contain protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, carrotene, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin C, pectic substance, red in Fructus Crataegi afterwards
Plain and a variety of tartaric acid etc. are recycled and fruit powder is made is added in matrix, are supplemented needed for crataegus jingxiensis Li container seedling growth
Nutriment and microelement.So the technical program is matched using red heart soil, coco bran, calcium magnesium phosphate, plant ash and hawthorn fruit powder
Matrix processed is used for the cultivation of crataegus jingxiensis Li container seedling, can effectively improve the graft survival rate of nursery stock, and it is raw to be conducive to nursery stock
It is long.
4, the technical program be just sprout dug out be colonized into nutrition cup after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to radicle and grows, and
And the too long sprout of radicle is carried out to cut root processing, retain suitable root long degree and nest root occurs when preventing from cultivating in container, and
And lateral root number can be increased, promote the development of lateral root and fibrous root and the growth of ground diameter, is conducive to after being colonized nutrition cup
Sprout growth, improves the survival rate of sprout field planting；Sprout growth characteristics according to crataegus jingxiensis Li simultaneously, strict control retain
Radicle length in 3~4cm, the too long growth that can still inhibit lateral root and fibrous root of the radicle of reservation, the too short influence of the radicle of reservation
Nursery stock absorbs nutrition, reduces root activity.
5, in pine tree leaf containing australene, amphene, nopinene, α-terpinolene, bornyl acetate, trans--caryophyllene,
The ingredients such as two ring germacrenes, α-amorphene, δ-cadinene, α-cadinene, these ingredients are to the evil such as Homoptera, Lepidoptera
Worm has different degrees of avoidance effect, has killing activity to mite class；Camellia leaf and ginkgo leaf are to insect, such as aphid, shell
Worm, red spider etc., have very strong food refusal, deterrent effect, and mulberry leaf also have sterilization, deinsectization, the effect of expelling parasite, so this technology
Scheme acquires camellia leaf, pine tree leaf, ginkgo leaf and mulberry leaf prepare the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control liquid of crataegus jingxiensis Li nursery stock, not only can be with
The common disease and pest (such as powdery mildew, aphid, red spider) of crataegus jingxiensis Li nursery stock is prevented and treated, and is prepared using natural material
Prevention and treatment liquid is non-toxic, no pollution to the environment.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but not as limitation of the present invention.In the following example not
Dated specific experiment condition and method, used technological means are usually conventional hand well-known to those skilled in the art
Section.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery is soaked seed, is disappeared by the crataegus jingxiensis Li seed that acquisition is mature
Implement sand storage vernalization after poison processing, takes out and planted seedlings in the non-woven fabrics nutrition cup that mixed-matrix is housed after seed sprouting, pass through seedling
Period management, seedling grafting obtain the choiceness seedling that can be out of the garden, and main operational steps are as follows:
(1) it collects seed: in late September, fruit picking is carried out when fruit becomes light yellow, rived after fruit picking with knife and take out seed in time,
Select full large seed spare；Collecting after collecting seed remaining fruit, to obtain hawthorn fruit powder standby by crushed 20 mesh screens
With；
(2) seed treatment: being rinsed with water again after the large seed selected in step (1) is crumpled with white lime, containing
The Skin mucus of saccharic is washed off, and then rinses seed after soaking disinfection well in the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.3%,
1h is impregnated with water of taking root again, pulls standby hiding of drying in the shade out；The water of taking root be 50ppm by concentration indolebutyric acid and concentration be
The niacin of 100ppm mixes composition；
(3) presprouting of seeds: in January to 2 months in the coming year, the seed that step (2) is handled well is equably sown in by normal
It advises in the sand bed sterilized, the wet sand for then covering about 1cm high carries out sand storage vernalization, and putting up plastics prevents rainwater from rushing
Brush, while putting up cool canopy shading；
(4) substrate preparation: using red heart soil and sufficiently decomposed coco bran as matrix configuration raw material, while add calcium magnesium phosphate,
Hawthorn fruit powder described in plant ash and step (1), according to red heart soil: coco bran: calcium magnesium phosphate: plant ash: hawthorn fruit powder is 12:4:
The volume ratio of 1:1:1 obtains matrix after mixing well, matrix is then filled nutrition cup and is closely put by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow
In in the ground of garden, 1d is drenched matrix the processing that carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate that concentration is 0.1% before planting seedlings；The nutrition cup is
The non-woven fabrics nutrition cup of 16cm × 16cm；Be selected to the garden topography is flat, illumination is sufficient, close to water source place；
(5) sprout takes: after step (3) sand storage vernalization 20d, manually gently taking the sprout for showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and growing to radicle, is used in combination
Clear water washes off appended sand, and the sprout too long to radicle carries out cutting root processing, and the root long degree of reservation is 3.5cm；
(6) plant seedlings upper cup: first the matrix in nutrition cup being drenched with clear water, is then inserted in matrix in cup with small wooden one small
Hole, depth are advisable with just having buried seed, are then placed in step (5) and are taken and processed sprout, and are squeezed to sprout direction
Matrix is pressed, is finally drenched and water and is put up the cool canopy of high 2m in flakes with the sunshade net that obscurity is 70% and shade；
(7) seedling management
1. water drenching: water supply in media evaporates situation in the upper cup backsight nutrition cup that plants seedlings, and in time, equably water drenching, keeps soil humidity
It is 75%；
2. foliage top dressing: monthly periodically spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time；The foliar fertilizer is by following mass concentration at being grouped as:
0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.015% heteroauxin；
3. top dressing: after nursery stock grows 2~3 leaves, respectively drenching and apply instant nitrogenousfertilizer 1 time in mid-April, early July, each dosage is 12
kg/667m2；The instant nitrogenousfertilizer is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight: 8 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3 parts of calcium nitrate,
1300 parts of water；
4. removal shading: removing sunshade net when nursery stock grows to 10cm；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: spraying primary prevention and treatment liquid every half a month；The prevention and treatment liquid is by camellia leaf, pine tree leaf, ginkgo leaf
And mulberry leaf, it mixes according to the parts by weight of 1:1:1:1, dries in the shade at 12~15 DEG C, coarse powder is broken to 50 mesh, adds 10 times of boiling boilings half
Hour, take filter vacuum be concentrated into original volume 3/4 after obtain；
(8) seedling grafting: October next year after completing above-mentioned upper cup step of planting seedlings, in Jingxi great Guo Shan of excellent result
Fringe bar is acquired on the big tree of short, bristly hair or beard, and seedling grafting is carried out using the engrafting method of conventional cleft grafting or cut-grafting, is covered after grafting shady
Canopy shades；15d carries out survival rate inspection after grafting, and the benefit that carries out in time not survived connects, after scion rudiment length to 15cm
Remove and sprouts and unbind；
(9) outplanting: 30d gradually decreases rich water and supplies to the half of former supply amount and refined by removing cool canopy before being out of the garden
Seedling, 1 d drenches water before being out of the garden, and selects robust growth, the outplanting afforestation of no disease and pests harm.
Carry out the breeding and afforestation of crataegus jingxiensis Li, according to statistics, the big fruit in Jingxi using the container seedling culture method of the present embodiment
The outplanting rate of hawthorn nursery stock reaches 93.2%, and survival rate is up to 94% after half a year of afforesting.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery is soaked seed, is disappeared by the crataegus jingxiensis Li seed that acquisition is mature
Implement sand storage vernalization after poison processing, takes out and planted seedlings in the non-woven fabrics nutrition cup that mixed-matrix is housed after seed sprouting, pass through seedling
Period management, seedling grafting obtain the choiceness seedling that can be out of the garden, and main operational steps are as follows:
(1) it collects seed: in early October, fruit picking is carried out when fruit becomes light yellow, rived after fruit picking with knife and take out seed in time,
Select full large seed spare；Collecting after collecting seed remaining fruit, to obtain hawthorn fruit powder standby by crushed 20 mesh screens
With；
(2) seed treatment: being rinsed with water again after the large seed selected in step (1) is crumpled with white lime, containing
The Skin mucus of saccharic is washed off, and then rinses seed after soaking disinfection well in the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.3%,
1h is impregnated with water of taking root again, pulls standby hiding of drying in the shade out；The water of taking root be 50ppm by concentration indolebutyric acid and concentration be
The niacin of 100ppm mixes composition；
(3) presprouting of seeds: in January to 2 months in the coming year, the seed that step (2) is handled well is equably sown in by normal
It advises in the sand bed sterilized, the wet sand for then covering about 2cm high carries out sand storage vernalization, and putting up plastics prevents rainwater from rushing
Brush, while putting up cool canopy shading；
(4) substrate preparation: using red heart soil and sufficiently decomposed coco bran as matrix configuration raw material, while add calcium magnesium phosphate,
Hawthorn fruit powder described in plant ash and step (1), according to red heart soil: coco bran: calcium magnesium phosphate: plant ash: hawthorn fruit powder is 16:8:
The volume ratio of 1:1:1 obtains matrix after mixing well, matrix is then filled nutrition cup and is closely put by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow
In in the ground of garden, 1d is drenched matrix the processing that carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate that concentration is 0.1% before planting seedlings；The nutrition cup is
The non-woven fabrics nutrition cup of 16cm × 16cm；Be selected to the garden topography is flat, illumination is sufficient, close to water source place；
(5) sprout takes: after step (3) sand storage vernalization 22d, manually gently taking the sprout for showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and growing to radicle, is used in combination
Clear water washes off appended sand, and the sprout too long to radicle carries out cutting root processing, and the root long degree of reservation is 4cm；
(6) plant seedlings upper cup: first the matrix in nutrition cup being drenched with clear water, is then inserted in matrix in cup with small wooden one small
Hole, depth are advisable with just having buried seed, are then placed in step (5) and are taken and processed sprout, and are squeezed to sprout direction
Matrix is pressed, is finally drenched and water and is put up high 1.8 cool canopy in flakes with the sunshade net that obscurity is 70% and shade；
(7) seedling management
1. water drenching: water supply in media evaporates situation in the upper cup backsight nutrition cup that plants seedlings, and in time, equably water drenching, keeps soil humidity
It is 70%；
2. foliage top dressing: monthly periodically spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time；The foliar fertilizer is by following mass concentration at being grouped as:
0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.02% heteroauxin；
3. top dressing: after nursery stock grows 2~3 leaves, respectively drenching and apply instant nitrogenousfertilizer 1 time in mid-April, early July, each dosage is 15
kg/667m2；The instant nitrogenousfertilizer is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium nitrate,
1000 parts of water；
4. removal shading: removing sunshade net when nursery stock grows to 10cm；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: spraying primary prevention and treatment liquid every half a month；The prevention and treatment liquid is by camellia leaf, pine tree leaf, ginkgo leaf
And mulberry leaf, it mixes according to the parts by weight of 1:1:1:1, dries in the shade at 12~15 DEG C, coarse powder is broken to 50 mesh, adds 5 times of boiling boilings half
Hour, take filter vacuum be concentrated into original volume 3/4 after obtain；
(8) seedling grafting: October next year after completing above-mentioned upper cup step of planting seedlings, in Jingxi great Guo Shan of excellent result
Fringe bar is acquired on the big tree of short, bristly hair or beard, and seedling grafting is carried out using the engrafting method of conventional cleft grafting or cut-grafting, is covered after grafting shady
Canopy shades；15d carries out survival rate inspection after grafting, and the benefit that carries out in time not survived connects, after scion rudiment length to 15cm
Remove and sprouts and unbind；
(9) outplanting: 35d gradually decreases rich water and supplies to the half of former supply amount and refined by removing cool canopy before being out of the garden
Seedling, 1 d drenches water before being out of the garden, and selects robust growth, the outplanting afforestation of no disease and pests harm.
Carry out the breeding and afforestation of crataegus jingxiensis Li, according to statistics, the big fruit in Jingxi using the container seedling culture method of the present embodiment
The outplanting rate of hawthorn nursery stock reaches 96.5%, and survival rate is up to 96% after half a year of afforesting.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery is soaked seed, is disappeared by the crataegus jingxiensis Li seed that acquisition is mature
Implement sand storage vernalization after poison processing, takes out and planted seedlings in the non-woven fabrics nutrition cup that mixed-matrix is housed after seed sprouting, pass through seedling
Period management, seedling grafting obtain the choiceness seedling that can be out of the garden, and main operational steps are as follows:
(1) it collects seed: mid-October, fruit picking is carried out when fruit becomes light yellow, rived after fruit picking with knife and take out seed in time,
Select full large seed spare；Collecting after collecting seed remaining fruit, to obtain hawthorn fruit powder standby by crushed 20 mesh screens
With；
(2) seed treatment: being rinsed with water again after the large seed selected in step (1) is crumpled with white lime, containing
The Skin mucus of saccharic is washed off, and then rinses seed after soaking disinfection well in 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, then with life
Root water impregnates 1h, pulls standby hiding of drying in the shade out；The water of taking root be 50ppm by concentration indolebutyric acid and concentration be 100ppm's
Niacin mixing composition；
(3) presprouting of seeds: in January to 2 months in the coming year, the seed that step (2) is handled well is equably sown in by normal
It advises in the sand bed sterilized, the wet sand for then covering about 1.5cm high carries out sand storage vernalization, and putting up plastics prevents rainwater from rushing
Brush, while putting up cool canopy shading；
(4) substrate preparation: using red heart soil and sufficiently decomposed coco bran as matrix configuration raw material, while add calcium magnesium phosphate,
Hawthorn fruit powder described in plant ash and step (1), according to red heart soil: coco bran: calcium magnesium phosphate: plant ash: hawthorn fruit powder is 14:6:
The volume ratio of 1:1:1 obtains matrix after mixing well, matrix is then filled nutrition cup and is closely put by the specification of the wide 1m of every furrow
In in the ground of garden, 1d is drenched matrix the processing that carries out disinfection with the potassium permanganate that concentration is 0.1% before planting seedlings；The nutrition cup is
The non-woven fabrics nutrition cup of 16cm × 16cm；Be selected to the garden topography is flat, illumination is sufficient, close to water source place；
(5) sprout takes: after step (3) sand storage vernalization 18d, manually gently taking the sprout for showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and growing to radicle, is used in combination
Clear water washes off appended sand, and the sprout too long to radicle carries out cutting root processing, and the root long degree of reservation is 3cm；
(6) plant seedlings upper cup: first the matrix in nutrition cup being drenched with clear water, is then inserted in matrix in cup with small wooden one small
Hole, depth are advisable with just having buried seed, are then placed in step (5) and are taken and processed sprout, and are squeezed to sprout direction
Matrix is pressed, is finally drenched and water and is put up the cool canopy of high 1.9m in flakes with the sunshade net that obscurity is 70% and shade；
(7) seedling management
1. water drenching: water supply in media evaporates situation in the upper cup backsight nutrition cup that plants seedlings, and in time, equably water drenching, keeps soil humidity
It is 80%；
2. foliage top dressing: monthly periodically spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time；The foliar fertilizer is by following mass concentration at being grouped as:
0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01% heteroauxin；
3. top dressing: after nursery stock grows 2~3 leaves, respectively drenching and apply instant nitrogenousfertilizer 1 time in mid-April, early July, each dosage is 10
kg/667m2；The instant nitrogenousfertilizer is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight: 10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2 parts of calcium nitrate,
1500 parts of water；
4. removal shading: removing sunshade net when nursery stock grows to 10cm；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: spraying primary prevention and treatment liquid every half a month；The prevention and treatment liquid is by camellia leaf, pine tree leaf, ginkgo leaf
And mulberry leaf, it mixes according to the parts by weight of 1:1:1:1, dries in the shade at 12~15 DEG C, coarse powder is broken to 50 mesh, adds 8 times of boiling boilings half
Hour, take filter vacuum be concentrated into original volume 3/4 after obtain；
(8) seedling grafting: October next year after completing above-mentioned upper cup step of planting seedlings, in Jingxi great Guo Shan of excellent result
Fringe bar is acquired on the big tree of short, bristly hair or beard, and seedling grafting is carried out using the engrafting method of conventional cleft grafting or cut-grafting, is covered after grafting shady
Canopy shades；15d carries out survival rate inspection after grafting, and the benefit that carries out in time not survived connects, after scion rudiment length to 15cm
Remove and sprouts and unbind；
(9) outplanting: 25d gradually decreases rich water and supplies to the half of former supply amount and refined by removing cool canopy before being out of the garden
Seedling, 1 d drenches water before being out of the garden, and selects robust growth, the outplanting afforestation of no disease and pests harm.
Carry out the breeding and afforestation of crataegus jingxiensis Li, according to statistics, the big fruit in Jingxi using the container seedling culture method of the present embodiment
The outplanting rate of hawthorn nursery stock reaches 94.6%, and survival rate is up to 94.5% after half a year of afforesting.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery, it is characterised in that: pass through the crataegus jingxiensis Li kind that acquisition is mature
Son implements sand storage vernalization after being soaked seed, being disinfected, take out and planted seedlings in the non-woven fabrics that mixed-matrix is housed after seed sprouting
Nutrition cup obtains the choiceness seedling that can be out of the garden by seedling management, seedling grafting, and main operational steps are as follows:
(1) collect seed: in mid or late September to early October, fruit picking carried out when fruit becomes light yellow, rived after fruit picking with knife and
When take out seed, select full large seed spare；Remaining fruit after collecting seed is collected to obtain by crushed 20 mesh screens
Hawthorn fruit powder is spare；
(2) seed treatment: being rinsed with water again after the large seed selected in step (1) is crumpled with white lime, containing
The Skin mucus of saccharic is washed off, and then rinses seed after soaking disinfection well in the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.3%,
1h is impregnated with water of taking root again, pulls standby hiding of drying in the shade out；
(3) presprouting of seeds: in January to 2 months in the coming year, the seed that step (2) is handled well is equably sown in by normal
It advises in the sand bed sterilized, the wet sand for then covering 1~2cm high carries out sand storage vernalization, and putting up plastics prevents rain drop erosion,
Cool canopy shading is put up simultaneously；
(4) substrate preparation: using red heart soil and sufficiently decomposed coco bran as matrix configuration raw material, while add calcium magnesium phosphate,
Hawthorn fruit powder described in plant ash and step (1), according to red heart soil: coco bran: calcium magnesium phosphate: plant ash: haw berry
Powder is (12~16): (4~8): the volume ratio of 1:1:1 obtains matrix after mixing well, and matrix is then filled nutrition cup by every
The specification of the wide 1m of furrow is closely placed in the ground of garden, and matrix is drenched with the potassium permanganate that concentration is 0.1% and carried out disinfection by 1d before planting seedlings
Processing；
(5) sprout takes: after step (3) 18~22d of sand storage vernalization, manually gently take the sprout for showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and growing to radicle,
And appended sand is washed off with clear water, the sprout too long to radicle carries out cutting root processing, and the root long degree of reservation is 3~4cm；
(6) plant seedlings upper cup: first the matrix in nutrition cup being drenched with clear water, is then inserted in matrix in cup with small wooden one small
Hole, depth are advisable with just having buried seed, are then placed in step (5) and are taken and processed sprout, and are squeezed to sprout direction
Matrix is pressed, finally drenches and water and shades；
(7) seedling management
1. water drenching: water supply in media evaporates situation in the upper cup backsight nutrition cup that plants seedlings, and in time, equably water drenching, keeps soil humidity
It is 70%~80%；
2. foliage top dressing: monthly periodically spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time；
3. top dressing: after nursery stock grows 2~3 leaves, respectively drenching and apply instant nitrogenousfertilizer 1 time in mid-April, early July, each dosage is 10
~15 kg/667m2；
4. removal shading: removing sunshade net when nursery stock grows to 10cm；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: spraying primary prevention and treatment liquid every half a month；The prevention and treatment liquid is by camellia leaf, pine tree leaf, ginkgo leaf
And mulberry leaf, it mixes, dries in the shade at 12~15 DEG C, coarse powder is broken to 50 mesh, adds 5~10 times of boilings according to the parts by weight of 1:1:1:1
Boil half an hour, take filter vacuum be concentrated into original volume 3/4 after obtain；
(8) seedling grafting: October next year after completing above-mentioned upper cup step of planting seedlings, in Jingxi great Guo Shan of excellent result
Fringe bar is acquired on the big tree of short, bristly hair or beard, and seedling grafting is carried out using the engrafting method of conventional cleft grafting or cut-grafting, is covered after grafting shady
Canopy shades；15d carries out survival rate inspection after grafting, and the benefit that carries out in time not survived connects, after scion rudiment length to 15cm
Remove and sprouts and unbind；
(9) outplanting: 25~35d carries out hardening before being out of the garden, and 1 d drenches water before being out of the garden, and selects robust growth, no disease and pests harm
Outplanting afforestation.
2. a kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(2) water of taking root in the seed treatment in be 50ppm by concentration indolebutyric acid and concentration be 100ppm niacin mix
It is combined into.
3. a kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(4) the non-woven fabrics nutrition cup that the nutrition cup in is 16cm × 16cm；Garden it is selected at that topography is flat, illumination is sufficient, close to water
The place in source.
4. a kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(6) shade in is that the sunshade net for being 70% with obscurity puts up the cool canopy of high 1.8~2m in flakes to carry out.
5. a kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (7)
The foliar fertilizer be by following mass concentration at being grouped as: 0.2~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01~0.02% indoles second
Acid.
6. a kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (7)
The instant nitrogenousfertilizer is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5~10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2~5 parts of calcium nitrate, 1000
~1500 parts of water.
7. a kind of method of crataegus jingxiensis Li container nursery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
(9) hardening in is to gradually decrease rich water by removing cool canopy and supply to the half progress of former supply amount.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110192489A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of crataegus jingxiensis Li is big to set the engrafting method for changing hat |
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