CN109282927B - Shaft torque measurement system and measurement method - Google Patents
Shaft torque measurement system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109282927B CN109282927B CN201811380225.9A CN201811380225A CN109282927B CN 109282927 B CN109282927 B CN 109282927B CN 201811380225 A CN201811380225 A CN 201811380225A CN 109282927 B CN109282927 B CN 109282927B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
- G01L3/105—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving inductive means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention discloses a shaft torque measuring system and a shaft torque measuring method, wherein the shaft torque measuring system comprises a first magnetic grid, a second magnetic grid, a first sensing component, a second sensing component and a processor, wherein the first magnetic grid and the second magnetic grid are arranged on the surface of a shaft to be measured at intervals and are respectively provided with a first joint and a second joint, the first sensing component comprises two first sensing parts facing the first magnetic grid along the radial direction of the shaft to be measured, the second sensing component comprises two second sensing parts facing the second magnetic grid along the radial direction of the shaft to be measured, the two first sensing parts and the two first sensing parts respectively sense the first magnetic grid and the second magnetic grid which rotate along with the shaft to be measured, and respectively generate a first sensing signal and a second sensing signal, and the processor receives and processes the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal so as to obtain the torque of the shaft to be measured. The shaft torque measuring system and the shaft torque measuring method can not only measure the torque of shafts to be measured with different diameters, but also have high resolution and high precision of measuring results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shaft torque measurement, in particular to a shaft torque measurement system and a shaft torque measurement method.
Background
In a mechanical transmission system, torque is one of the most typical mechanical quantities reflecting the performance of a production device system, and measurement and analysis of the torque are also important means for ensuring normal operation of various production devices and auxiliary devices, reducing energy consumption and improving efficiency, so that the improvement of the accuracy of torque measurement, the real-time performance of torque monitoring and control and the reliability of torque abnormality analysis can necessarily reduce the occurrence of accidents and improve the utilization rate of the production devices. In other words, the on-line monitoring of the torque has important significance for reducing the time of unscheduled maintenance and the accident occurrence rate, analyzing the efficiency of generating accidents or fault reasons and improving the production efficiency and the economic benefit.
With the progress of science and technology and the development of production, the torque measurement technology has wider application prospect. Modern mechanical products are developed in the directions of high power, high speed and miniaturization, and are particularly important for monitoring and fault identification and prediction of various power mechanical operation states, especially large, critical and non-reserved mechanical equipment, such as heavy-duty long-distance trucks, high-power underwater structures, main shafts of ships and the like. When the corresponding frequency of the control system is close to or equal to the natural frequency of the transmission shaft system, electromechanical coupling resonance is caused, current oscillation has serious influence on the operation of mechanical equipment, and the operation plan is delayed, so that loss is caused.
For example, as ships are being enlarged, speeded up and automated, the rapidity, high efficiency, economy, etc. of the ships have become important indicators for ship building, and as an important means for calculating conversion efficiency, the measurement of shaft power is a main parameter for the acceptance of new ships by shipyards and shipyards. The conditions for running the ship are very complex, the matching of the ship, the machine and the paddle has great influence on the performance of the host, when the machine and the paddle are not matched, the host can not reach the rated power, the ship can not reach the designed navigational speed, or the host runs beyond the rated power, so that the host is overloaded for use, and the service life is greatly shortened. The system for measuring the shaft power and the torque of the ship can know and detect the matching condition between the ship body, the main machine and the propeller by measuring the shaft power of the main machine under different working conditions, monitor the running state of the ship body in real time, and diagnose the working state and faults of the old ship, the main machine and the propeller. As one of the most important performance parameters of the marine main engine, the shaft power is generally calculated by indirectly measuring the torque and the rotation speed, and then the output power is compared with the oil consumption to avoid the excessive use of the engine, so that the marine main engine not only can keep or reasonably improve the speed, but also can save a large amount of fuel oil and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
In terms of shaft power measurement, the development trend is from static test to dynamic test, from contact measurement to non-contact measurement, and along with the deep research of technology, the test system is also developed towards miniaturization, display digitization, system intellectualization and real-time monitoring, and meanwhile, the requirements on the precision, accuracy and resolution of measurement are continuously improved along with market demands.
Shaft power meter with shaft power measuring system KNGSBERG most widely used at presentThe photoelectric non-contact rotating shaft torque measuring system is based on phase difference type shaft power measuring system, and the system mainly adopts a photoelectric switch sensor, and comprises a photoelectric switch, a photoelectric code disc, a controller, a computer and related circuits, wherein the code wheel is fixedly arranged on a rotating shaft, a notch of the photoelectric switch faces the code wheel and is fixed at the edge of the code wheel, when the code wheel rotates along with a detected shaft, a light path between a photoelectric detector and a light emitting diode of the photoelectric switch is periodically opened or closed, the photoelectric switch outputs pulses with the same period between opening and closing, the controller processes an electric signal transmitted by the photoelectric switch to obtain a real phase difference signal, the phase difference signal is stored in a data unit, then the real phase difference signal is transmitted to the singlechip, the singlechip is combined with a measured speed value to calculate the torque and the shaft power of the rotating shaft, and then the computer carries out mathematical statistics and data analysis on numerical values in the controller and displays the numerical values in a chart form.
At present, the shaft torque measuring system based on the photoelectric technology has high installation requirement in use because the accuracy of measurement depends on the accurate installation of a reading head to a certain extent, an installer needs to have enough experience, the installation has considerable difficulty, and meanwhile, the performance of the system in the aspects of resolution and sensitivity can not meet the actual use requirement gradually.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a shaft torque measuring system and a shaft torque measuring method, which are used for solving the problems of low resolution, low sensitivity and high installation difficulty of the existing shaft torque measuring system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a shaft torque measurement system, which includes a first magnetic grating, a second magnetic grating, a first sensing component, a second sensing component and a processor, wherein the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating are disposed on a surface of a shaft to be measured at intervals, and respectively have a first joint and a second joint, the first sensing component and the second sensing component respectively have two first sensing portions and two second sensing portions, the two first sensing portions are disposed at intervals and respectively face the first magnetic grating along a radial direction of the shaft to be measured, the two first sensing portions sense the first magnetic grating rotating along the shaft to be measured to generate a first sensing signal, the two second sensing portions are disposed at intervals and respectively face the second magnetic grating along the radial direction of the shaft to be measured, the two second sensing portions sense the second magnetic grating rotating along the shaft to be measured to generate a second sensing signal, and the processor receives and processes the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to obtain a torque of the shaft to be measured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two first sensing portions and the two second sensing portions respectively have magnetic heads, the magnetic head of each first sensing portion faces the first magnetic grating, and the magnetic head of each second sensing portion faces the second magnetic grating.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating is between 1.0mm and 1.5mm, and the air gap between the first sensing portion and the first magnetic grating and the air gap between the second sensing portion and the second magnetic grating are between 0.5mm and 1.5 mm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the first sensing portions and each of the second sensing portions has an MR sensor and two hall sensors, respectively, the two hall sensors are symmetrically disposed at two sides of the MR sensor, and the MR sensor and the two hall sensors of the first sensing portion are aligned along a radial direction of the axis to be measured and face the first magnetic grid, and the MR sensor and the two hall sensors of each of the second sensing portions are aligned along the radial direction of the axis to be measured and face the second magnetic grid, wherein the first sensing component alternately receives the first sensing signal generated by the MR sensor of one of the two first sensing portions through the first analog signal generated by the two hall sensors of each of the first sensing portions, and the second sensing component alternately receives the second sensing signal generated by the MR sensor of one of the two second sensing portions through the second analog signal generated by the two hall sensors of each of the second sensing portions.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the processor integrates first sensing signals generated by the MR sensors of the two first sensing portions received alternately into a first sensing signal, and integrates second sensing signals generated by the MR sensors of the two second sensing portions received alternately into a second sensing signal, and the processor obtains the torque of the shaft to be measured according to the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a distance between the hall sensor and the MR sensor in the two first sensing portions is larger than a magnetic pole distance of the first magnetic grid, and a distance between the hall sensor and the MR sensor in each second sensing portion is larger than a magnetic pole distance of the second magnetic grid.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the torque measuring device further comprises a display module, the processor obtains a measurement result according to the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, generates a display signal according to the measurement result, transmits the display signal to the display module, and the display module displays the torque of the shaft to be measured according to the display signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic grating protection layer is disposed on surfaces of the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating, which are far away from the axis to be measured.
The shaft torque measuring method using the shaft torque measuring system comprises the following steps: the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating are arranged on the surface of the shaft to be measured, the first sensing component and the second sensing component are arranged corresponding to the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating, the shaft to be measured is driven to rotate, the first sensing component and the second sensing component respectively sense the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating rotating along with the shaft to be measured, and respectively generate a first sensing signal and a second sensing signal, and the processor processes the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to obtain the torque of the shaft to be measured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step of respectively sensing the first magnetic gratings rotating with the shaft to be measured and generating the first sensing signal, one of the two first sensing portions is selected, and the MR sensor of the selected first sensing portion senses the first magnetic gratings rotating with the shaft to be measured and generates the first sensing signal; the method comprises the steps that a first seam is sensed by a Hall sensor of a selected first sensing part to generate a discontinuous first analog signal, the first seam is switched to an MR sensor of another first sensing part to sense a first magnetic grid rotating along with a shaft to be measured, the other first sensing signal is generated, two second sensing parts respectively sense a second magnetic grid rotating along with the shaft to be measured and generate a second sensing signal, one of the two second sensing parts is selected, and the MR sensor of the selected second sensing part senses the second magnetic grid rotating along with the shaft to be measured and generates the second sensing signal; the hall sensor of the selected second sensing part senses the second joint to generate a discontinuous second analog signal, and the MR sensor of the other second sensing part is switched to sense a second magnetic grid rotating along with the shaft to be measured and generates the other second sensing signal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first magnetic grating with the first joint and the second magnetic grating with the second joint are arranged on the surface of the shaft to be measured at intervals, the shaft to be measured rotates and drives the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating, the first sensing component senses the rotating first magnetic grating and outputs a first sensing signal, and the second sensing component senses the rotating second magnetic grating and outputs a second sensing signal, so that the processor receives and processes the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to obtain the torque of the shaft to be measured, and therefore, not only can the torque measurement of shafts with different diameters be performed, but also the accuracy of the torque measurement can be improved, and the measurement result with higher reliability can be obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a shaft torque measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic installation view of the axle torque measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a first sensing assembly of the axle torque measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a first sensing assembly of the axle torque measurement system of the present invention sensing a first magnetic grid;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a region a of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present embodiment of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described present embodiment is one embodiment of the present invention, not all the present embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a block diagram and an installation diagram of the axle torque measuring system of the present invention are shown. As shown in the drawing, the shaft torque measurement system 1 provided in this embodiment includes a first magnetic grating 10, a second magnetic grating 11, a first sensing component 12, a second sensing component 13, and a processor 14, wherein the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 are disposed on the surface of the shaft 2 to be measured at intervals, the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 respectively encircle the shaft 2 to be measured, a first joint 101 is disposed between two ends of the first magnetic grating 10, a second joint 111 is disposed between two ends of the second magnetic grating 11, and widths of the first joint 101 and the second joint 111 are determined according to a circumference of the shaft 2 to be measured and lengths of the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11, i.e. widths of the first joint 101 and the second joint 111 are a circumference length of the shaft 2 to be measured subtracted from the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 respectively.
The first sensing assembly 12 has two first sensing portions 120, and the two first sensing portions 120 are disposed at intervals along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured, and the sensing directions thereof are respectively directed toward the first magnetic grid 10 along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured. The second sensing assembly 13 has two second sensing portions 130, and the two second sensing portions 130 are disposed at intervals along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured, and the sensing directions thereof are respectively directed toward the second magnetic grid 11 along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured. The first sensing element 12 and the second sensing element 13 are respectively electrically connected to the processor 14.
When the shaft 2 to be measured rotates, it drives the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 to rotate, and the two first sensing portions 120 of the first sensing component 12 sense the rotating first magnetic grating 1 respectively to generate a first sensing signal. Meanwhile, the two second sensing parts 130 of the second sensing assembly 13 respectively sense the rotating second magnetic grids 11 to generate second sensing signals. The first sensing component 12 and the second sensing component 13 respectively transmit the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to the processor 14, and the processor 14 processes the received first sensing signal and the second sensing signal and obtains the torque of the shaft 2 to be measured.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, a block diagram of a first sensing assembly of the axle torque measurement system of the present invention is shown. As shown in the drawing, in the present embodiment, each first sensing portion 120 of the first sensing assembly 12 has an MR sensor and two hall sensors, the two hall sensors are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the MR sensor, each first sensing portion 120 has a magnetic head, the magnetic head of each first sensing portion 120 faces the first magnetic grid 10 respectively to sense the first magnetic grid 10, and a distance between each hall sensor and the MR sensor is greater than one magnetic pole distance of the first magnetic grid 10. The sensing directions of the MR sensor and the two hall sensors of each first sensing portion 120 face the first magnetic grid 10 along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured, and each MR sensor and each hall sensor are respectively and electrically connected to the processor 14.
In the shaft torque measurement system 1 of the present invention, when torque measurement is performed, the MR sensor of each first sensing portion 120 generates a first sensing signal, and the MR sensor outputs the first sensing signal to the processor 14, the hall sensor of each first sensing portion 120 generates a first analog signal when corresponding to the first magnetic grid 10, and the hall sensor outputs the first analog signal to the processor 14, and when the hall sensor of the first sensing portion 120 corresponds to the first joint 101, the hall sensor does not generate the first analog signal, and interrupts the output of the first analog signal until the first joint 101 rotates out of the sensing range of the hall sensor, and the hall sensor continues to generate and output the first analog signal, i.e., the hall sensor generates a discontinuous first analog signal. The processor 13 selects one of the first sensing signals received from the two MR sensors according to the succession of the first analog signals outputted from the hall sensors.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a first sensing component of the axle torque measuring system for sensing a first magnetic grid according to the present invention is shown. As shown in the drawing, in the present embodiment, the rotation direction of the shaft 2 to be measured is clockwise, the first joint 101 gradually approaches the sensing range of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side of the drawing, and before the first joint 101 enters the sensing range of the hall sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side of the drawing, the processor 14 receives the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side of the drawing.
With continued rotation of the shaft 2 to be measured, the first joint 101 enters the sensing range of the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side in the drawing, i.e., when the sensing direction of the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side in the drawing is directed toward the surface of the shaft 2 to be measured located in the first joint 101, the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side in the drawing cannot generate the first analog signal, at this time, the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side in the drawing interrupts the output of the first analog signal, i.e., the output of the first analog signal of the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side in the drawing is discontinuous, when the first analog signal received by the processor 14 is discontinuous, it determines that the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 located on the right side on the drawing is close to the first joint 101, that is, the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side on the drawing is close to the first joint 101, based on the determination that the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side on the drawing is close to the first joint 101, the processor 14 interrupts receiving the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side on the drawing, and switches receiving the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the other first sensing portion 120, that is, when the processor 14 receives the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side on the drawing.
The shaft to be measured 2 continues to drive the first magnetic grating 10 to rotate, when the first joint 101 enters the sensing range of the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side in the drawing, the sensing direction of the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side in the drawing faces the surface of the shaft to be measured 2 located in the first joint 101, which cannot generate the first analog signal, at this time, the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side in the drawing interrupts the output of the first analog signal, that is, the first analog signal output by the hall sensor located on the right side of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side in the drawing is discontinuous, when the first analog signal received by the processor 14 is discontinuous, the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 located on the left side in the drawing is judged to be close to the first joint 101, that the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side in the judgment is close to the first joint 101, that the first analog signal output by the first sensor on the left side of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side in the drawing is interrupted, that the first analog signal output by the first sensor on the right side of the first sensing portion 120 on the left side in the drawing is interrupted, and the first signal output by the first processor 14 on the basis of the first sensor on the left side of the first sensing portion on the left side of the first sensor 120 on the left side.
When the rotated first joint 101 enters the sensing range of the hall sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right side of the figure again, the processor 14 switches the received first sensing signals again, and the processor 14 continuously receives the first sensing signals output by the two first sensing portions 120 of the first sensing assembly 12 and integrates the received first sensing signals output by the two first sensing portions 120 of the first sensing assembly 12 into a first sensing signal.
Similarly, if the rotation direction of the shaft 2 to be measured is counterclockwise, the processor 14 receives the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left in the drawing, when the first joint 101 rotating counterclockwise enters the sensing range of the hall sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left in the drawing, the processor 14 interrupts receiving the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left in the drawing and switches to receiving the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right in the drawing, and when the first joint 101 continuing to rotate enters the sensing range of the hall sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right in the drawing, the processor 14 interrupts receiving the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the right in the drawing and switches to receiving the first sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 on the left in the drawing. In this way, the processor 14 continuously receives the first sensing signals output by the two first sensing portions 120 of the first sensing assembly 12, and integrates the received first sensing signals output by the two first sensing portions 120 of the first sensing assembly 12 into a first sensing signal.
Like the first sensor assembly 12, each second sensor portion 130 of the second sensor assembly 13 also has an MR sensor and two hall sensors symmetrically disposed on two sides of the MR sensor, each second sensor portion 130 has a magnetic head, the magnetic head of each second sensor portion 130 faces the second magnetic grid 11 to sense the second magnetic grid 11, and the distance between each hall sensor and the MR sensor is greater than one magnetic pole distance of the second magnetic grid 11. The MR sensor and the two hall sensors of each second sensing portion 130 face the second magnetic grid 11 along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured, and each MR sensor and each hall sensor are respectively electrically connected to the processor 14. The MR sensor of each of the second sensing parts 130 generates a second sensing signal, and the MR sensor outputs the second sensing signal to the processor 13. The hall sensor of each second sensing portion 130 generates a second analog signal when corresponding to the second magnetic grid 11, and outputs the second analog signal to the processor 14, and the hall sensor of the second sensing portion 130 does not generate the second analog signal when corresponding to the second joint 111, and interrupts the output of the second analog signal until the second joint 111 rotates out of the sensing range of the hall sensor, and the hall sensor continues to generate and output the second analog signal. The processor 14 alternately receives one of the second sensing signals output from the two MR sensors according to the succession or absence of the second analog signal output from the hall sensor. In other words, the principle of the first sensing assembly 12 sensing the first magnetic grid 10 is the same, the two second sensing portions 130 of the second sensing assembly 13 output the second sensing signals respectively, the processor 14 selects the second sensing signal output by the MR sensor of one second sensing portion 130 according to the interruption of the second analog signal output by the hall sensor of the other second sensing portion 130, and cyclically switches the second sensing signal output by the MR sensor of the two second sensing portions 130 according to the principle, and then integrates the second sensing signals output by the MR sensors of the two second sensing portions 130 into the second sensing signal, thereby completing the sensing of the second magnetic grid 11.
It should be noted that, the first sensing signals generated by the MR sensors of the two first sensing portions 120 sensing the first magnetic grid 10 and the second sensing signals generated by the MR sensors of the two second sensing portions 130 sensing the second magnetic grid 11 are pulse signals, the position angles of the points corresponding to the two first sensing portions 120 on the shaft 2 to be measured can be calculated by the pulse signals output by the MR sensors of the two first sensing portions 120, and the position angles of the points corresponding to the two second sensing portions 130 on the shaft 2 to be measured can be calculated by the pulse signals output by the MR sensors of the two second sensing portions 130. In other words, the processor 14 can calculate the position angles of the points corresponding to the two first sensing portions 120 on the shaft 2 to be measured through the first sensing signals, and can calculate the position angles of the points corresponding to the two second sensing portions 130 on the shaft 2 to be measured through the second sensing signals. When the shaft torque measuring system 1 of the present invention is used, the first sensing component 12 may take the first joint 101 as a zero point, the second sensing component 13 may take the second joint 111 as a zero point, and when the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 rotate along with the shaft 2 to be measured for one circle, the first analog signal and the second analog signal output by the hall sensors of the first sensing component 12 and the second sensing component 13 can capture the corresponding zero point, so as to start outputting the absolute position angle of the shaft 2 to be measured. In other words, the combination of the first magnetic grating 10 and the first sensing component 12 and the combination of the second magnetic grating 11 and the second sensing component 13 at this time are equivalent to two sets of incremental encoders, and the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 can find the preset zero point through the first analog signal and the second analog signal along with the rotation of the shaft 2 to be measured.
The manner in which the processor 14 calculates the torque of the shaft 2 to be measured is described in detail below, and when the shaft 2 to be measured rotates in the axial direction thereof, the maximum stress of the shaft 2 to be measured is distributed on the surface thereof, and the stress expression thereof is:
wherein:
M x -torque in the cross section of the shaft 2 to be measured;
ρ—distance from arbitrary point to center;
I P -polar moment of inertia.
Where D is the radius of the shaft 2 to be measured.
Whereas the expression of the stress and strain of the shaft 2 to be measured is:
τ＝G·r
wherein:
g-shear elastic modulus, the general steel G is 80GPa,
wherein:
μ -Poisson ratio
When the shaft 2 to be measured rotates in its axial direction, its strain is:
wherein:
i.e. when g=80 GPa,or->Where l is the distance between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured.
Thus, the torque applied to the shaft 2 to be measured can be calculated by measuring the deformation amount between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured. In other words, the magnitude of the torque applied to the shaft 2 to be measured can be calculated by measuring the angular change between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured. In this way, when the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 are mounted on the surface of the shaft 2 to be measured, and the first sensing component 12 and the second sensing component 13 are mounted corresponding to the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11, then the distance between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured is measured, the shaft 2 to be measured is driven to rotate, the first sensing component 12 and the second sensing component 13 can respectively sense the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 rotating along with the shaft 2 to be measured, and respectively generate the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, and when the processor 14 receives the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, the processor firstly respectively integrates the received first sensing signal and the second sensing signal to obtain the first sensing signal corresponding to the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal corresponding to the second sensing signal, and the torque of the shaft 2 to be measured is obtained through the above calculation method according to the first sensing signal, the second sensing signal and the distance between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured. And the accuracy of measuring torque thereof is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the distance of the first sensing portion 120 and the second sensing portion 130 in the axial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured, the higher the accuracy of the torque measurement result of the shaft 2 to be measured by the shaft torque measuring system 1 of the present invention, as long as the installation distance between the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 is set larger at the time of installation.
In this embodiment, the distance between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured is measured by using the distance meter, since the magnetic heads of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 and the magnetic heads of the MR sensor of the second sensing portion 130 face the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured respectively, that is, the magnetic heads of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 and the magnetic heads of the MR sensor of the second sensing portion 130 face the two points on the shaft 2 to be measured respectively along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured respectively, the position of one point of the shaft 2 to be measured, that is, the position of the first magnetic grating 10 facing the magnetic head of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120, and the position of the other point of the shaft 2 to be measured, that is, the position of the second magnetic grating 11 facing the magnetic head of the MR sensor of the second sensing portion 130, in other points on the shaft 2 to be measured, that is, in other words, the distance between the two points to be measured is equal to the position of the magnetic heads of the MR sensor of the first sensing portion 120 and the magnetic grating 10 facing the second magnetic head of the MR sensor of the second sensing portion 130, and the distance meter can be measured by using the distance meter, or the distance meter can be measured by using other distance meters, in which the distance meter can be measured by using the distance meter, the laser, the distance meter and the other distance meter.
Thus, although the axle torque measuring system 1 of the present invention adopts the first magnetic grid 10 having the first joint 101 and the second magnetic grid 11 having the second joint 111, the use of the axle torque measuring system 1 of the present invention to measure the torque of the axle 2 through the axle torque measuring method can avoid the influence of the first joint 101 and the second joint 111, and the processor 14 can integrate the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal through the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal respectively, so as to calculate the torque of the axle 2 according to the distance between the first sensing signal, the second sensing signal and the two points on the axle 2 to be measured.
Further, the processor 14 can also obtain the position angle of the shaft 2 to be measured and the position angle difference between two points of the shaft 2 to be measured through the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, and can also obtain the rotating speed of the shaft 2 to be measured, so that the shaft torque measuring system 1 can selectively measure the position angle of the shaft 2 to be measured, the position angle difference between two points of the shaft 2 to be measured, the torque or the rotating speed of the shaft 2 to be measured according to actual requirements.
The installation of the axle torque measurement system of the present invention is described in detail below with reference back to FIG. 2. The first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 are strip-shaped magnetic gratings and have no metal back, can be tightly adhered to the surface of the shaft 2 to be measured through an adhesive during installation, and the strip-shaped first magnetic grating 10 and the strip-shaped second magnetic grating 11 encircle the shaft 2 to be measured along the radial direction of the shaft 2 to be measured for one circle during adhesion, and form a first joint 101 and a second joint 111 at the interfaces respectively. In this way, the shaft torque measuring system 1 of the present invention can be used for measuring torque of rotating shafts of different mechanical devices through the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 in the shape of strips, and only the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 with proper lengths need to be selected according to the circumference of the shaft 2 to be measured for the shafts 2 to be measured with different sizes, and no special design or customization of the annular closed magnetic grating corresponding to the circumference of the shaft 2 to be measured is required.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 is 1.0mm to 1.5mm, and the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 with low thickness can be more easily adhered to the surface of the shaft 2 to be measured when being mounted.
Please refer to fig. 5, which is an enlarged view of the area a of fig. 4. As shown in the drawing, in this embodiment, there is also a magnetic grid protection layer 15, and the magnetic grid protection layer 15 is disposed on the surface of the first magnetic grid 10 away from the axis 2 to be measured. In this embodiment, the magnetic grid protection layer 15 is a stainless steel thin strip with a thickness of 0.2mm, and after the first magnetic grid 10 is mounted, the magnetic grid protection layer 15 is covered on the surface of the first magnetic grid 10 and fixed to protect the first magnetic grid 10. Similarly, to protect the second magnetic grid 11, after the second magnetic grid 11 is mounted, the magnetic grid protection layer 15 is also covered on the surface of the second magnetic grid 11 and fixed.
Next, the first sensor assembly 12 and the second sensor assembly 13 are installed, please refer to fig. 2 and 5. When the two first sensing portions 120 of the first sensing assembly 12 or the two second sensing portions 130 of the second sensing assembly 13 are mounted, the spacing distance between the two first sensing portions 120 is greater than the width of the first joint 101, and the spacing distance between the two second sensing portions 130 is greater than the width of the second joint 111, so as to avoid that the first joint 101 enters the sensing range of the MR sensors of the two first sensing portions 120 at the same time or the second joint 111 enters the sensing range of the MR sensors of the two second sensing portions 130 at the same time, thereby avoiding affecting the output of the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal at the same time.
Meanwhile, considering that the shaft 2 to be measured may have unstable runout due to the precision problem during rotation, especially in the use case of the shaft 2 to be measured having a larger diameter, friction may be generated between the first magnetic grating 10 and the two first sensing portions 120 or between the second magnetic grating 11 and the two second sensing portions 130 of the first sensing assembly 12, damaging the first magnetic grating 10, the second magnetic grating 11, the first sensing portions 120 or the second sensing portions 130, and in order to avoid accidental damage, the gap between the first sensing portions 120 and the first magnetic grating 101 and the gap between the second sensing portions 130 and the second magnetic grating 111 are ensured to be between 0.5mm and 1.5mm during installation, in this embodiment, the gap between the first sensing portions 120 and the first magnetic grating 101 and the gap between the second sensing portions 130 and the second magnetic grating 111 are ensured to be between 1.5mm. Based on this, the magnetic pole distance between the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 is correspondingly large, and in this embodiment, the magnetic pole distance between the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 is 5mm, that is, the distance between the MR sensor and the hall sensor of the first sensing portion 120 and the distance between the MR sensor and the hall sensor of the second sensing portion 130 is greater than 5mm.
In order to make the first sensing component 12 and the second sensing component 13 more easily reach the above distance installation requirement, the axle torque measurement system 1 of the present invention further includes a mounting bracket (not shown), and after the first sensing portion 120 or the second sensing portion 130 is adjusted to have an installation distance, a screw is used to pass through the first mounting hole 1201 or the second mounting hole 1301 to fix the first sensing portion 120 or the second sensing portion 130 to the mounting bracket. The first sensing portion 120 and the second sensing portion 130 respectively have MR sensors that sense the rotating first magnetic grating 10 and second magnetic grating 11 by using the magneto-resistive effect, the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 of the present embodiment respectively have a plurality of pairs of magnetic poles, and the number of pulse signals output by the first sensing portion 120 and the second sensing portion 130 is twice the number of magnetic pole pairs of the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 each time the shaft 2 to be measured rotates, that is, the more the magnetic pole pairs of the first magnetic grating 10 and the second magnetic grating 11 have, the higher the resolution of the shaft torque measuring system 1 of the present invention, and in particular, the higher the resolution and the measurement accuracy are when the shaft torque measuring system 1 of the present invention is used to measure the torque of the shaft 2 to be measured with a relatively large radius. In this way, the axle torque measuring system 1 of the present invention adopts the first magnetic grating 10 with the first joint 101 and the second magnetic grating 11 with the second joint 111, so that the axle torque measuring system 1 of the present invention is not only suitable for measuring the torque of the axle 2 to be measured with different diameters, but also has high resolution and high precision measurement results. Further, each first sensing portion 120 further has a first connection port 1202, each second sensing portion 130 further has a second connection port 1302, the MR sensor and the hall sensor of each first sensing portion 120 are connected to the processor 14 through the first connection port 1202 by a signal connection line, the MR sensor and the hall sensor of each second sensing portion 130 are connected to the processor 14 through the second connection port 1302 by a signal connection line, the processor 14 continuously receives the first analog signal, the first sensing signal, the second analog signal and the second sensing signal, and performs corresponding judgment, switches to receive the first sensing signal or the second sensing signal, and integrates to form the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, and finally, the magnitude of the rotating torque of the shaft 2 to be measured is obtained through processing the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal.
Further, the shaft torque measurement system 1 of the present embodiment further includes an output module 16 and a display module 17, and the processor 14 is electrically connected to the display module 17 through the output module 16. When the processor 14 continuously receives the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, and obtains a torque measurement result of the shaft 2 to be measured according to the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal formed by integrating the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal and the distance between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured, further generates a display signal according to the measurement result, and then transmits the display signal to the display module 17 through the output module 16, the display module 17 converts the display signal into a torque, and further can intuitively display the torque of the shaft 2 to be measured according to the display signal. Meanwhile, the position angle of the shaft 2 to be measured, the position angle difference between two points of the shaft 2 to be measured or the rotating speed can be output, so that the shaft torque measuring system 1 has various measuring functions.
In this embodiment, the calculator is used to continuously receive the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, and write the distance between two points on the shaft 2 to be measured, which is measured by the distance meter, into the running program, calculate the torque of the rotating shaft 2 to be measured in real time, and display the torque of the shaft 2 to be measured as a computer display. The present embodiment is only one embodiment of the shaft torque measurement system 1 of the present invention, and should not be limited thereto.
In summary, the first magnetic grating with the first joint and the second magnetic grating with the second joint are installed on the surface of the shaft to be measured at intervals, so that the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating rotate along with the shaft to be measured, the first sensing part of the first sensing component senses the rotating first magnetic grating to generate a first sensing signal, the second sensing part of the second sensing component senses the rotating second magnetic grating to generate a second sensing signal, and the processor processes the first sensing signal output by the first sensing component and the second sensing signal output by the second sensing component to obtain the torque of the shaft to be measured.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, apparatus, comprising a list of elements, includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, apparatus, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A shaft torque measurement system, comprising:
a first magnetic grid having a first joint and arranged on the surface of the shaft to be measured;
A second magnetic grating having a second joint and disposed on the surface of the shaft to be measured and spaced apart from the first magnetic grating;
the first sensing assembly comprises two first sensing parts, wherein the two first sensing parts are arranged at intervals and respectively face the first magnetic grids along the radial direction of the shaft to be measured, and the two first sensing parts are used for sensing the first magnetic grids rotating along with the shaft to be measured so as to generate first sensing signals;
the second sensing assembly comprises two second sensing parts, wherein the two second sensing parts are arranged at intervals and respectively face the second magnetic grids along the radial direction of the shaft to be measured, and the two second sensing parts are used for sensing the second magnetic grids rotating along with the shaft to be measured so as to generate second sensing signals;
a processor that receives the first and second sensing signals and that processes the first and second sensing signals to obtain a torque of the shaft to be measured;
the interval distance between the two first sensing parts is larger than the width of the first joint, and the interval distance between the two second sensing parts is larger than the width of the second joint;
Each first sensing part and each second sensing part are respectively provided with an MR sensor and two Hall sensors, the two Hall sensors are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the MR sensor, the MR sensor and the two Hall sensors of each first sensing part are arranged along the radial direction of the shaft to be measured and face the first magnetic grid, and the MR sensor and the two Hall sensors of each second sensing part are arranged along the radial direction of the shaft to be measured and face the second magnetic grid; wherein the first sensing assembly alternately receives the first sensing signals generated by the MR sensor of one of the two first sensing parts through first analog signals generated by the two hall sensors of each of the first sensing parts; wherein the second sensing assembly alternately receives the second sensing signals generated by the MR sensor of one of the two second sensing parts through the second analog signals generated by the two hall sensors of each of the second sensing parts;
the processor integrates the first sensing signals generated by the MR sensors of the two first sensing parts which are received alternately into a first sensing signal, the processor integrates the second sensing signals generated by the MR sensors of the two second sensing parts which are received alternately into a second sensing signal, and the processor obtains the torque of the shaft to be measured according to the first sensing signals and the second sensing signals.
2. The axle torque measurement system of claim 1, wherein the first and second magnetic gratings each have a thickness of between 1.0mm and 1.5mm, and wherein an air gap between the first and second sensing portions and the second magnetic grating is between 0.5mm and 1.5 mm.
3. The axle torque measurement system of claim 1, wherein a distance between the hall sensor and the MR sensor in each of the first sensing portions is greater than a pole pitch of the first magnetic grid; the distance between the hall sensor and the MR sensor in each of the second sensing portions is greater than the magnetic pole pitch of the second magnetic grid.
4. The axle torque measurement system of claim 3, further comprising a display module, wherein the processor obtains a measurement result based on the first and second sensor signals, generates a display signal based on the measurement result, and transmits the display signal to the display module, wherein the display module displays the torque of the axle to be measured based on the display signal.
5. The shaft torque measurement system of claim 1, further comprising a magnetic grating protective layer disposed on surfaces of the first magnetic grating and the second magnetic grating distal from the shaft to be measured.
6. A shaft torque measurement method using the shaft torque measurement system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the first magnetic grid and the second magnetic grid are arranged on the surface of the shaft to be measured, and the first sensing component and the second sensing component are respectively arranged corresponding to the first magnetic grid and the second magnetic grid;
the first sensing component and the second sensing component respectively sense the first magnetic grid and the second magnetic grid which rotate along with the shaft to be measured, and respectively generate the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal;
the processor processes the first and second sensing signals to obtain the torque of the shaft to be measured.
7. The shaft torque measurement method according to claim 6, wherein in the step of respectively sensing the first magnetic gratings which rotate with the shaft to be measured and generating first sensing signals, one of the two first sensing portions is selected, and the MR sensor of the selected first sensing portion senses the first magnetic gratings which rotate with the shaft to be measured and generates the first sensing signals; the first seam is sensed by the Hall sensor of the first sensing part to generate a discontinuous first analog signal, the MR sensor of the other first sensing part is switched to sense the first magnetic grid rotating along with the shaft to be measured, and the other first sensing signal is generated; in the step of respectively sensing the second magnetic gratings rotating along with the shaft to be measured and generating second sensing signals, selecting one of the two second sensing parts, and the MR sensor of the selected second sensing part senses the first magnetic gratings rotating along with the shaft to be measured and generates the second sensing signals; the hall sensor of the selected second sensing part senses the second joint to generate a discontinuous second analog signal, and the MR sensor of the other second sensing part senses the second magnetic grid rotating along with the shaft to be measured and generates the other second sensing signal.
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| CN109839059A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-06-04 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of ship rotary axis phase angle measurement device and method |
| CN113008429B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-03 | 南京理工大学 | Rotating shaft dynamic and static torque measurement system and method |
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