CN109270594B - Partitioned space splicing fitting method for station meteorological data - Google Patents
Partitioned space splicing fitting method for station meteorological data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for splicing and fitting meteorological data in a partitioned space of a station, which comprises the following steps: acquiring observation data of a station, wherein the observation data comprises at least one of the following: air temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, accumulated rainfall and sunshine hours; dividing the Chinese continental region into four regions, wherein the overlapping region of two adjacent regions has an overlapping region with the width of 100 kilometers; the overlapping region belongs to both regions; interpolating the observation data in each area to obtain observation data with a resolution of 3 hours, and then correcting the auxiliary data by the observation data with the resolution of 3 hours to obtain processed observation data, wherein the processed observation data in each area have the same time resolution; and splicing the processed observation data of the four regions to form the total data of the complete continental region of the country.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a meteorological data partition space splicing fitting method for a Chinese continental station.
Background
As society develops, more and more fields begin to use data analysis and data processing techniques. In many areas where massive amounts of data are used, especially in areas where data needs to be extracted from a massive amount of detection equipment, the risk of partial data loss may be faced.
The meteorological data is an extremely typical massive data set, and the meteorological data integrates massive data of various data sources, wherein the data detected by the station is an extremely important part. But the station may occasionally lose data due to weather reasons or equipment failures; while some areas have no stations for various reasons. Because meteorological data has spatial continuity and time continuity, missing data can be estimated by adopting an interpolation mode. However, the prior art has the problems of low calculation precision and low calculation speed when spatial interpolation is carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low calculation precision and low calculation speed in the current spatial interpolation, the embodiment of the invention provides a partitioned space splicing and fitting method for station meteorological data.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a station meteorological data partition space splicing fitting method, including:
step 1, acquiring observation data of a station, wherein the observation data comprises at least one of the following: air temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, accumulated rainfall and sunshine hours;
step 2, dividing the Chinese continental region into four regions, wherein the overlapping region of two adjacent regions has an overlapping region with the width of 100 kilometers; the overlapping region belongs to both regions;
step 3, interpolating the observation data in each area to obtain observation data with the resolution of 3 hours, and then correcting the auxiliary data by the observation data with the resolution of 3 hours to obtain processed observation data, wherein the processed observation data in each area have the same time resolution;
and 4, splicing the processed observation data of the four regions to form complete total data of the continental regions of the country.
Further, the interpolating the observation data in each region in step 3 to obtain observation data with a resolution of 3 hours specifically includes:
acquiring observation data of the temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, the air pressure, the relative humidity, the wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, the accumulated rainfall and the sunshine duration, and interpolating daily observation data to acquire observation data with the resolution of 3 hours; wherein the interpolation is the average of the observed data of two adjacent moments.
Further, the auxiliary material is CFSR global coupling reanalysis data of the NCEP company, and the CFSR global coupling reanalysis data is reanalysis data with the resolution of 3 hours.
Furthermore, for each observation data of the near-ground 1.5 m air temperature, air pressure and near-ground 10 m wind speed, the daily average value of the auxiliary data is subtracted from the corresponding auxiliary data of the 3-hour resolution, and the corresponding interpolated observation data of the 3-hour resolution is added to be used as the processed observation data of the near-ground 1.5 m air temperature, air pressure and near-ground 10 m wind speed.
Furthermore, for each observation data of relative humidity and sunshine duration, the corresponding auxiliary data with 3-hour resolution is divided by the daily average value of the auxiliary data, and multiplied by the corresponding observation data with 3-hour resolution after interpolation, so as to be used as the processed observation data of relative humidity and sunshine duration.
Further, the step 4 further includes:
if the grid point of the longitude and latitude lines is located in the overlapping area of the two areas and the grid point has different interpolation values in the two areas, the distance between the grid point and the boundary of the two areas is obtained, and the interpolation value of one area with the shorter distance is used as the interpolation value of the grid point.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: the scheme provides a partitioned space splicing fitting method for station meteorological data, which can interpolate the partitioned observation data of the station and then splice the data. The scheme solves the problems of low interpolation calculation precision and slow calculation of the station data in space.
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The technical solutions and effects of the present invention will become more apparent and more easily understood from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a zoning scheme.
Detailed Description
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the station meteorological data partition space splicing fitting method according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
step 1, acquiring observation data of a station, wherein the observation data comprises at least one of the following: air temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, accumulated rainfall and sunshine hours;
step 2, dividing the Chinese continental region into four regions, wherein the overlapping region of two adjacent regions has an overlapping region with the width of 100 kilometers; the overlapping region belongs to both regions;
step 3, interpolating the observation data in each area to obtain observation data with the resolution of 3 hours, and then correcting the auxiliary data by the observation data with the resolution of 3 hours to obtain processed observation data, wherein the processed observation data in each area have the same time resolution;
and 4, splicing the processed observation data of the four regions to form complete total data of the continental regions of the country.
Wherein, the step 3 specifically comprises:
acquiring observation data of the temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, the air pressure, the relative humidity, the wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, the accumulated rainfall and the sunshine duration, and interpolating daily observation data to acquire observation data with the resolution of 3 hours; the interpolation is the average value of the observation data of two adjacent moments;
the auxiliary data is CFSR global coupling reanalysis data of the NCEP company, and the CFSR global coupling reanalysis data is reanalysis data with the resolution of 3 hours.
For each observation data of the near-ground 1.5 m air temperature, air pressure and near-ground 10 m wind speed, subtracting the daily average value of the auxiliary data from the corresponding auxiliary data with 3-hour resolution, and adding the corresponding interpolated observation data with 3-hour resolution to obtain the processed observation data of the near-ground 1.5 m air temperature, air pressure and near-ground 10 m wind speed;
for each observation data of relative humidity and sunshine duration, dividing the corresponding auxiliary data with 3-hour resolution by the daily average value of the auxiliary data, and multiplying the corresponding observation data with 3-hour resolution after interpolation to obtain the processed observation data of relative humidity and sunshine duration.
If the grid point of the longitude and latitude lines is positioned in the overlapping area of the two areas and the grid point has different interpolation values in the two areas, the distance between the grid point and the boundary of the two areas is obtained, and the interpolation value of one area with shorter distance is used as the interpolation value of the other area
Specifically, the embodiment of the invention adopts observation data from a conventional Meteorological element 740 station of a China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Meteorological information center (wherein the product of 2007-2010 is calculated in NMIC). The observed variables involved are: air temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, accumulated rainfall and sunshine hours.
Since the observation data provided by the National weather Information Center (NMIC) is quality controlled and error controlled to within 2%. In order to calculate more accurately and more conveniently, in the embodiment of the present invention, based on the consideration of the factors of the terrain and the site observation density, the continental area of china is divided into four regions as shown in fig. 2: zone 1, zone 2, zone 3, zone 4. Wherein, there is an overlapping area of 100 km width in the area where the two areas intersect.
The observation frequency of different variables of the set of observation data in different time periods is different: wherein the two variables of the rainfall and sunshine hours are daily observation data in the whole preparation process of the 1958-2010 driving data. For the observation data of near-surface air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and air pressure, the daily scale observation is adopted in 1958-1989; 1990-1997 is the observation of a frequency of 6 hours; the observation in 1998-2010 was a 3 hour frequency. Therefore, the granularity of observation data of all stations is different.
In addition, the observation data of the station of the near-ground air temperature, the relative humidity, the wind speed and the air pressure in the China area are observed for 3 hours in the period of 1998-2006, but the observation quantity among all the moments is very uneven; namely: the observed data amounts at 3, 9, 15, and 21 times of the day are smaller than the data amounts at 0, 6, 12, and 18 times. It can be seen that there is a lack between all station observations.
The embodiment of the invention utilizes the theory of a thin plate smooth spline model to complement the observation at the time of 3, 9, 15 and 21 of the time period.
In the embodiment of the invention, the data of 3-hour resolution of near-ground air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and air pressure variable in the data are analyzed again by applying the NCEP CFSR; 0, 6, 12 and 18 are re-analysis data, and 3, 9, 15 and 21 are forecast data. The NCEP CFSR data is the latest set of global coupled re-analytical data for NCEP, and the main goal in developing this data set is to provide the initial field for atmospheric, marine, land and sea ice modes.
The spatial resolution of atmospheric variables in the CFSR reanalyzed data is
(about 38Km), 37 gas pressure layers, time coverage 1979-2011, time interval for assimilation 6 hours and hourly forecasted product. The CFSR data assimilate the radiance observed by the satellite in the whole time period, which is the first time that the NCEP directly assimilates the radiance of the satellite into the global re-analysis product; the CFSR data adopts a mode resolution of T382, a horizontal resolution of about 38 kilometers, a vertical layering of 64 layers and the like, and the highest 0.266hPa, which is greatly improved compared with the mode before the NCEP; the CFSR also couples an ocean mode when generating a 6-hour initial guess field, and adds an interactive sea ice mode, and takes CO2 and gas solution into consideration in a radiation parameterization schemeGlue and other trace gas variations; the land module of the CFSR employs the Noah land model.
The embodiment of the invention uses the near-ground temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation variables in the CFSR data set in 1979-2010.
In some cases, observations are only 4 times a day, i.e., 0, 6, 12, 18 universal times. So that interpolation can only be performed between these 4 instants. The drive fields at the other 4 instants 3, 9, 15, 21 universal times will then be estimated as the average of the drive fields at their neighbouring instants.
If only daily average observations exist, embodiments of the present invention can only obtain interpolated daily data. At this time, the embodiment of the present invention corrects the auxiliary data for a certain 3 hours by using the interpolated daily data, so as to achieve the purpose of time scaling. The auxiliary data can be CFSR reanalysis data, Princeton atmospheric driving data, GEWEX SRB downlink short wave radiation data and the like.
Wherein, for the variables of air temperature, air pressure, wind speed and radiation, the daily average of the auxiliary data of 3 hours is subtracted and the interpolated daily data is added; for variables such as precipitation and humidity, the 3 hour auxiliary data is divided by its daily average and multiplied by the interpolated daily data. The daily average of the thus corrected auxiliary data is equal to the interpolated daily data.
After the interpolation, the data of the four regions need to be spliced.
If there is more data in a region, fitting the data to the region with a Thin plate spline (Thin plate splines) can be computationally expensive. The embodiment of the invention divides the Chinese area into a plurality of areas respectively, and makes the boundary of the adjacent areas have a superposition area of 100 kilometers, as shown in figure 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, spatial interpolation is firstly carried out on each region respectively, and then the interpolation results of each region are spliced.
The first purpose of partitioning according to the embodiment of the present invention is to make the number of observations of a region less than 800, which is mainly to reduce the amount of calculation of the fitting data of the thin-plate spline function; the second purpose is to make the observation in the area as uniform as possible; a third object is to make the borders of the area as normalized as possible, in particular all borders are on the warp and weft lines.
If the nationwide partition is not carried out, applying the smooth parameter lambda of the same thin plate spline function to the nationwide; this is clearly not reasonable. And the partition can adopt different smooth parameters for different observation densities, thereby reducing errors.
If the lattice point is in the overlapped part of the two areas, the interpolation values in the two areas are weighted and averaged according to the proportion of the distance from the point to the boundary of the two areas. It is more intuitive to say that a certain grid point is assumed to fall on the overlapped region of the area 1 and the area 2 at the same time, and two different interpolation values exist in the area 1 and the area 2; if the grid point is closer to the boundary of region 1 than to the boundary of region 2, then the interpolation weight for region 1 is smaller and the interpolation weight for region 2 is greater, or vice versa.
The inventive concept can be implemented in different ways as the technology advances, as will be clear to a person skilled in the art. The embodiments of the invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments but may vary within the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A station meteorological data partition space splicing fitting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring observation data of a station, wherein the observation data comprises at least one of the following: air temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, accumulated rainfall and sunshine hours;
step 2, dividing the Chinese continental region into four regions, wherein the overlapping region of two adjacent regions has an overlapping region with the width of 100 kilometers; the overlapping region belongs to both regions;
step 3, interpolating the observation data in each area to obtain observation data with the resolution of 3 hours, and then correcting the auxiliary data by the observation data with the resolution of 3 hours to obtain processed observation data, wherein the processed observation data in each area have the same time resolution; the correction method comprises the following steps: for each observation data of the near-ground 1.5 m air temperature, air pressure and near-ground 10 m wind speed, subtracting the daily average value of the auxiliary data from the corresponding auxiliary data with 3-hour resolution, and adding the corresponding interpolated observation data with 3-hour resolution to obtain processed observation data of the near-ground 1.5 m air temperature, air pressure and near-ground 10 m wind speed; for each observation data of relative humidity and sunshine duration, dividing the corresponding auxiliary data with 3-hour resolution by the daily average value of the auxiliary data, and multiplying the corresponding observation data with 3-hour resolution after interpolation to obtain the processed observation data of relative humidity and sunshine duration;
step 4, splicing the processed observation data of the four regions to form complete total data of the mainland areas of China;
the auxiliary data is CFSR global coupling reanalysis data of the NCEP company, and the CFSR global coupling reanalysis data is reanalysis data with the resolution of 3 hours.
2. The station meteorological data partition space stitching and fitting method according to claim 1, wherein the interpolating the observation data in each region in the step 3 to obtain observation data with a resolution of 3 hours specifically comprises:
acquiring observation data of the temperature of 1.5 meters near the ground, the air pressure, the relative humidity, the wind speed of 10 meters near the ground, the accumulated rainfall and the sunshine duration, and interpolating daily observation data to acquire observation data with the resolution of 3 hours; wherein the interpolation is the average of the observed data of two adjacent moments.
3. The station meteorological data partition space stitching fitting method according to claim 2, wherein the step 4 further comprises:
if the grid point of the longitude and latitude lines is located in the overlapping area of the two areas and the grid point has different interpolation values in the two areas, the distance between the grid point and the boundary of the two areas is obtained, and the interpolation value of one area with the shorter distance is used as the interpolation value of the grid point.
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