CN109269743B - Dynamic anchor rod drawing test device and method under action of seismic waves - Google Patents
Dynamic anchor rod drawing test device and method under action of seismic waves Download PDFInfo
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- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic anchor rod drawing test device and a test method under the action of seismic waves, wherein the test device comprises a test box, a positioning box for positioning a sample is arranged in the test box, a seismic wave loading device is arranged in the test box, the seismic wave loading device applies bidirectional seismic wave load to the sample, and an open end at the upper part of the test box is provided with a dynamic anchor rod drawing device; the test method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a test box, positioning a box, placing a sample, installing a seismic wave loading device, debugging the seismic wave loading device, installing a monitoring device on an anchor rod, installing an anchor rod dynamic drawing device, and opening a vibration exciter I, a vibration exciter II and an actuator. The invention applies seismic waves to the rock-soil body by adopting the vibration exciter, solves the problem that the traditional anchor rod drawing device cannot apply seismic loads, can change the input load time-course curve to apply seismic waves with different sizes, and can observe the deformation of the anchor rod under the action of the seismic loads.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock and soil anchoring engineering, and particularly relates to a dynamic pull-out test device and a dynamic pull-out test method for an anchor rod under the action of seismic waves.
Background
The anchor bolt support has the advantages of low support cost, low labor intensity, high support speed and the like, and is widely applied to underground engineering, slope engineering and deep foundation pit engineering. Along with the continuous expansion of the application range of the anchor rod, the influence of the earthquake effect on the anchor rod is also proposed, the stress state of the rock-soil body where the anchor rod is located can be changed violently when the anchor rod bears the earthquake effect, and the anchoring performance of the anchor rod is also different from that of the rock-soil body under the action of static load.
In the field of geotechnical earthquake resistance, the damage of rock and soil mass and a supporting structure caused by earthquake waves is an important research direction, and particularly, an effective physical similar simulation test scheme and test equipment are lacked aiming at the failure damage mechanism of an anchor rod slope supporting structure. When similar model test research is carried out aiming at the problem, how to fully consider the dynamic characteristic response of the seismic waves to the anchor rod and the rock-soil body becomes the key of the problem research. Therefore, effective simulation of the damage of the rock-soil body and the anchor rod caused by the seismic waves is realized in the similar model test, and the anchoring performance and the dynamic response of the anchor rod anchored in the rock-soil body under the action of the seismic waves are fully considered, so that the method has important research value.
The main difficulty in carrying out the anchor rod drawing test under the seismic wave load is to enable the rock-soil body to be in a stress state when the seismic wave acts, and carry out the dynamic drawing test. The anchor cable drawing test device for the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN103698215A and the publication date of 2014, 4 and 02 is characterized in that a pre-pressing device is adopted to pressurize a rock-soil body; the anchor rod indoor drawing test device disclosed in chinese patent No. CN103398901A and published as 2013, 11, month and 22 can load a sample by a jack, so that the principal stress of the sample can be different, but the above-mentioned patent needle is difficult to make the rock-soil mass in a stress state under the action of seismic wave load. The anchor dynamic tension experimental device and the anchor dynamic tension experimental method disclosed in the Chinese patent with the publication number of 105510158A and the publication date of 2016, 4, month and 20 can apply impact load to an anchor through a heavy hammer-lever device, but the device has limitations when complex dynamic load is applied.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a dynamic pulling test device and a dynamic pulling test method for an anchor rod under the action of seismic waves, which solve the problems of anchoring performance and dynamic response of the anchor rod in a rock and soil body under the action of the seismic waves in a similar model test, and the dynamic pulling test device is provided with a seismic wave loading device, is matched with a distributed sensor and a strain gauge and is used for researching the anchoring performance and the dynamic response characteristic of the anchor rod in the rock and soil body under the action of the seismic waves.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the anchor rod dynamic drawing test device comprises a test box, wherein a positioning box for positioning a sample is arranged in the test box, a seismic wave loading device is arranged in the test box, bidirectional seismic wave load is applied to the sample by the seismic wave loading device, and an anchor rod dynamic drawing device is arranged at an open end of the upper portion of the test box.
The positioning box is located at the corner of the test box and comprises four corner columns, and a steel cover plate is arranged at the upper ends of the corner columns.
The earthquake wave loading device comprises a No. I earthquake wave output device and a No. II earthquake wave output device, the No. I earthquake wave output device is connected with a No. I vibration exciter, the output end of the No. I vibration exciter is connected with a No. I loading plate, and the No. I loading plate acts on one side of the sample; no. II seismic wave output device links to each other with No. II vibration exciters, the output of No. II vibration exciters links to each other with No. II load plate, No. II load plate effect is in sample one side.
The axial direction of the vibration exciter I and the vibration exciter II is vertical, and the vibration exciter I and the vibration exciter II output mutually vertical two-directional seismic wave loads.
The fixed ends of the vibration exciter I and the vibration exciter II are fixed on the inner wall of the test box through bolts.
The anchor rod developments draw-off gear includes the actuator, the actuator links to each other with dynamic load output device, the output of actuator is provided with the anchor rod anchor clamps of fixed anchor rod, and the anchor rod lower extreme passes and sets up in the sample behind the apron, be provided with the monitoring devices of experimental usefulness in the anchor rod, monitoring devices includes displacement sensor, acceleration sensor, foil gage.
The bottom of the positioning box is provided with a lower bearing plate, and filling sponges are arranged between the two sides of the sample and the inner wall of the test box.
The actuator is arranged on the support plate, a support column is arranged at the upper end of the test box, and the support plate is fixed on the support column.
A test method of a dynamic anchor rod drawing test device under the action of seismic waves comprises the following steps:
i.installation test box, positioning box
And (3) pouring concrete to manufacture the test box, pouring the positioning box at the inner corner of the test box, and installing the lower bearing plate in the positioning box.
Ii, placing the test sample
The rock-soil mass sample is placed on the lower bearing plate, the filling sponge is arranged between the sample and the inner wall of the test box, the cover plate is fixed on the corner post, and the center round hole of the cover plate is aligned with the drilling center of the sample.
Iii, installing a seismic wave loading device
No. I load plate, No. II load plate are installed respectively to the output at No. I vibration exciter, No. II vibration exciter respectively, then are fixed in on two vertically inside walls of proof box respectively with No. I vibration exciter, No. II vibration exciter external connection respectively in No. I earthquake wave output device, No. II earthquake wave output device.
Iv, debugging seismic wave loading device
And (3) performing seismic wave input on the No. I seismic wave output device and the No. II seismic wave output device, and testing the coupling conditions of the No. I vibration exciter and the No. II vibration exciter respectively.
V. installing a monitoring device on the anchor rod
And arranging a strain gauge along the rod body of the anchor rod, performing waterproof treatment on the strain gauge, and arranging a displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor on the exposed part of the anchor rod.
Vi. dynamic drawing device for mounting anchor rod
Fix the appropriate height on the support column with the mounting panel, fixed connection actuator under the mounting panel, the stock passes apron, sample in proper order, pours into the cementing material, and stock upper end fixed connection is in actuator 6, places the stock on the stock anchor clamps of actuator, screws up fixedly.
Vii, starting No. I vibration exciter, No. II vibration exciter and actuator
The actuator applies load according to a set loading mode and keeps the load stable, the displacement control mode or the load control mode is adopted to gradually apply drawing force, the vibration exciter I and the vibration exciter II are simultaneously started, seismic wave output is carried out through L abview software, and the anchoring performance and the dynamic response of the anchor rod in the rock and soil body under the action of seismic wave load are synchronously monitored through the monitoring device.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the seismic wave loading system designed by the invention can simulate the acting force of an earthquake on a rock-soil body and the anchor rod, prevent the sliding of a sample in the seismic wave application process, lay a cushion for quantitatively monitoring the displacement of the anchor rod, control the acting force of the earthquake on the rock-soil body and the anchor rod by adjusting the frequency and the amplitude of the seismic wave through L abview software, and realize the analysis of the anchoring performance and the dynamic response characteristic of the anchor rod under the action of different seismic waves.
The vibration exciter is adopted to apply seismic waves to the rock-soil mass, so that the problem that the conventional anchor rod drawing device cannot apply seismic loads is solved, the input load time-course curve can be changed to apply seismic waves with different sizes, the deformation of the anchor rod under the action of the seismic loads can be observed, and a basis is provided for theoretical research of anchor rod support and anchor rod support design under the condition of complex stress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic anchor rod drawing test device in the invention;
FIG. 2 is an internal schematic view of the dynamic anchor rod pull test device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the anchor assembly of the present invention;
wherein:
1 support plate 2 support column
No. 31I seismic wave output device and No. 32 II seismic wave output device
No. 4I vibration exciter of 33 dynamic load output device
Actuator for No. 5 II vibration exciter 6
No. 71I loading plate and No. 72 II loading plate
8 test box 9 positioning box
10 lower bearing plate 11 sample
12-corner column 13 anchor rod
14 anchor rod clamp 15 filling sponge
16 displacement sensor 17 acceleration sensor
18 strain gage.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the anchor rod dynamic drawing test device under the action of the seismic waves comprises a test box 8, a positioning box 9 for positioning a sample 11 is arranged in the test box 8, a seismic wave loading device is arranged in the test box 2, the seismic wave loading device applies bidirectional seismic wave load to the sample 11, and an anchor rod dynamic drawing device is arranged at an open end of the upper portion of the test box 8.
The positioning box 9 is located at the corner of the test box 8, the positioning box 9 comprises four corner columns 12, and steel cover plates are arranged at the upper ends of the corner columns 12.
The seismic wave loading device comprises a No. I seismic wave output device 31 and a No. II seismic wave output device 32, the No. I seismic wave output device 31 is connected with a No. I vibration exciter 4, the output end of the No. I vibration exciter 4 is connected with a No. I loading plate 71, and the No. I loading plate 71 acts on one side of the sample 11; no. II seismic wave output device 32 is connected with No. II vibration exciter 5, the output end of No. II vibration exciter 5 is connected with No. II loading plate 72, No. II loading plate 72 is acted on one side of sample 11.
No. 4 vibration exciters, No. 5 vibration exciters are axially perpendicular, and No. 4 vibration exciters, No. 5 vibration exciters output mutually perpendicular two-way seismic wave load.
The fixed ends of the vibration exciter I4 and the vibration exciter II 5 are fixed on the inner wall of the test box 8 through bolts.
Anchor rod developments draw-off gear includes actuator 6, actuator 6 links to each other with dynamic load output device 33, the output of actuator 6 is provided with the anchor rod anchor clamps 14 of fixed anchor rod 13, and anchor rod 13 lower extreme passes and sets up in sample 11 after the apron, be provided with the monitoring devices of experimental usefulness in the anchor rod 13, monitoring devices includes displacement sensor 16, acceleration sensor 17, foil gage 18.
The bottom of the positioning box 9 is provided with a lower bearing plate 10, and filling sponges 15 are arranged between two sides of the sample 11 and the inner wall of the test box 8.
The actuator 6 is arranged on the support plate 1, the support column 2 is arranged at the upper end of the test box 8, and the support plate 1 is fixed on the support column 2.
The bracket plate 1 is erected on the support column 2 to provide counter force for loading of the actuator 6, a bolt hole is reserved in the bracket plate 1 and used for fixing the actuator 6, the end of the actuator 6 is fixedly connected with the anchor rod clamp 14, the drawing force of the actuator 6 can act on the anchor rod, and the support column 2 is fixed on the side wall of the test box 8. The actuator 6 is connected to the dynamic load output device 33.
The test box 8 and the corner columns 12 are both formed by pouring concrete, bolt holes are formed in the upper edges of the four corner columns 12, the cover plate is made of steel plates and used for being connected to the corner columns 12 to fix a sample and preventing the sample from sliding when being dynamically drawn, a round hole is formed in the center of each steel plate and used for penetrating through an anchor rod of the sample 11, the sample 11 is placed into the positioning box 9, and the cover plate of the positioning box is fixed through bolts.
And the filling sponge 15 is used for absorbing seismic waves, preventing the seismic waves from being reflected and influencing the test, and the lower bearing plate 10 is arranged in the positioning box 9 when the normal central axis of the positioning box 9 is superposed with the axes of the actuator 6 and the anchor rod clamp 14.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the earthquake wave loading device is installed, loading plates are installed at the ends of the vibration exciter 4I and the vibration exciter 5 II respectively, then the loading plates are fixed on two inner side walls of the test box 8 respectively, the first vibration exciter 4 and the second vibration exciter 5 are externally connected to the earthquake wave output device 31I and the earthquake wave output device 32 II respectively, earthquake wave input is carried out, and the coupling conditions of the first vibration exciter 4 and the second vibration exciter 5 are tested respectively.
And (3) installing a test anchor rod, wherein the anchor rod 13 sequentially penetrates through the circle center through holes of the cover plates of the sample 11 and the positioning box 9, the upper end of the anchor rod is fixedly connected in the actuator 6, the anchor rod is placed on an anchor rod clamp 14 of the actuator 6, and a fastening nut of the anchor rod is screwed up.
The sample loading installs lower bearing plate 10 in locating box 9, and sample 11 places on lower bearing plate 10, arranges the filling sponge between the inner wall of sample 11 and proof box 8, places the apron on sample 11 to make the center round hole of apron align with the drilling center of sample 11, and load is applyed according to certain loading rate to actuator 6, and the load value is controlled by dynamic load output device 33, and to this end, the loading of sample has been accomplished.
In the seismic wave loading test, the actuator 6 applies load according to a set loading mode and keeps the load stable, a displacement control mode or a load control mode is adopted to gradually apply drawing force, meanwhile, the vibration exciter is started, seismic wave output is carried out through L abview software, and the anchoring performance and the dynamic response of the anchor rod 13 in the rock and soil body under the action of the seismic wave are synchronously monitored through monitoring.
A test method of a dynamic anchor rod drawing test device under the action of seismic waves comprises the following steps:
i.installation test box, positioning box
The test box 8 is made of concrete, the positioning box 9 is poured at the inner corner of the test box 8, and the lower bearing plate 10 is installed in the positioning box 9.
Ii, placing the test sample
The rock-soil mass sample 11 is placed on the lower bearing plate 10, the filling sponge 15 is disposed between the sample 11 and the inner wall of the test chamber 8, and the cover plate is fixed on the corner post 12 such that the center circular hole of the cover plate is aligned with the center of the drilled hole of the sample 11.
Iii, installing a seismic wave loading device
No. I loading plate 71 and No. II loading plate 72 are respectively installed at the output ends of No. I vibration exciter 4 and No. II vibration exciter 5, then No. I vibration exciter 4 and No. II vibration exciter 5 are respectively fixed on two vertical inner side walls of test box 8, and No. I vibration exciter 4 and No. II vibration exciter 5 are respectively and externally connected with No. I earthquake wave output device 31 and No. II earthquake wave output device 32.
Iv, debugging seismic wave loading device
And (3) performing seismic wave input on the No. I seismic wave output device 31 and the No. II seismic wave output device 32, and testing the coupling conditions of the No. I vibration exciter 4 and the No. II vibration exciter 5 respectively.
V. installing a monitoring device on the anchor rod
And arranging a strain gauge 18 along the shaft of the anchor rod 13, performing waterproof treatment on the strain gauge 18, and placing a displacement sensor 16 and an acceleration sensor 17 on the exposed part of the anchor rod 13.
Vi. dynamic drawing device for mounting anchor rod
Fix the appropriate height on support column 3 with mounting panel 1, fixed connection actuator 6 under mounting panel 1, stock 13 passes apron, sample 11 in proper order, and the potting compound material, 13 upper end fixed connection of stock are placed stock anchor clamps 14 of actuator 6 with stock 13 in actuator 6, screw up fixedly.
Vii, starting No. I vibration exciter, No. II vibration exciter and actuator
The actuator 6 applies load according to a set loading mode and keeps the load stable, the displacement control mode or the load control mode is adopted to gradually apply drawing force, the vibration exciters I and II are started simultaneously, seismic waves are output through L abview software, and the anchoring performance and the dynamic response of the anchor rod 13 in the rock and soil body under the action of the seismic wave load are synchronously monitored through the monitoring device.
Example one
The test chamber 8 is cast from concrete and the locating chambers 9 are cast at the corners of the test chamber 8. The rock-soil mass sample 11 is placed in the positioning box 9.
Arranging a strain gauge 18 along the shaft body of the test anchor rod 13, performing waterproof treatment on the strain gauge, placing the test anchor rod 13 in the circular through hole 9, pouring cementing materials, and maintaining to the specified strength. The exposed portion of the anchor 13 houses an acceleration sensor 17.
The bracket plate 1 is fixed at a proper height on the support column 2, and is fixedly connected with the actuator 6 and provides counter force for the actuator.
The end of the test bolt 13 is used as the actuator 6 to apply the load and a displacement sensor 17 is arranged on the bolt 13. The test sample 11 and the anchor rod are in different stress states, and simultaneously data of the displacement sensor 16 and the acceleration sensor 17 are read to monitor the anchor rod.
And starting the vibration exciter, inputting a seismic wave load time-course function to the vibration exciter to study the influence of the seismic wave load on the displacement of the anchor rod, reading the data of the displacement sensor 16 at the moment, outputting an amplitude-displacement curve by changing the load amplitude, and studying the strain distribution of the anchor rod along the length under the action of the seismic wave load.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A test method of a dynamic anchor rod drawing test device under the action of seismic waves is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
installing a test box and a positioning box, pouring concrete to manufacture the test box (8), pouring the positioning box (9) at the inner corner of the test box (8), and installing a lower bearing plate (10) in the positioning box (9);
(ii) placing a sample, placing the rock-soil mass sample (11) on the lower bearing plate (10), arranging a filling sponge (15) between the sample (11) and the inner wall of the test box (8), fixing a cover plate on the corner post (12), and aligning a central circular hole of the cover plate with the drilling center of the sample (11);
(iii) installing a seismic wave loading device, respectively installing a No. I loading plate (71) and a No. II loading plate (72) at the output ends of the No. I vibration exciter (4) and the No. II vibration exciter (5), then respectively fixing the No. I vibration exciter (4) and the No. II vibration exciter (5) on two vertical inner side walls of the test box (8), and respectively externally connecting the No. I vibration exciter (4) and the No. II vibration exciter (5) to the No. I seismic wave output device (31) and the No. II seismic wave output device (32);
(iv) debugging the seismic wave loading device, inputting seismic waves into the No. I seismic wave output device (31) and the No. II seismic wave output device (32), and testing the coupling conditions of the No. I vibration exciter (4) and the No. II vibration exciter (5) respectively;
(v) mounting a monitoring device on the anchor rod, arranging a strain gauge (18) along the rod body of the anchor rod (13), performing waterproof treatment on the strain gauge (18), and placing a displacement sensor (16) and an acceleration sensor (17) on the exposed part of the anchor rod (13);
(vi) installing an anchor rod dynamic drawing device, fixing a support plate (1) at a proper height on a support column (3), fixedly connecting an actuator (6) below the support plate (1), sequentially penetrating a cover plate and a test sample (11) through an anchor rod (13), pouring cementing materials, fixedly connecting the upper end of the anchor rod (13) in the actuator 6, placing the anchor rod (13) on an anchor rod clamp (14) of the actuator (6), and screwing and fixing;
(vii) open I vibration exciter, II vibration exciter, actuator (6), apply the load according to the loading mode of setting for, and keep the load stable, it adopts displacement control mode or load control mode to apply the drawing power step by step, start I vibration exciter (4), II vibration exciter (5) simultaneously, carry out the output of seismic wave through L abview software, realize the anchorage performance and the dynamic response of stock under seismic wave loading effect of stock (13) of synchronous monitoring ground internal through monitoring devices.
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| CN110864888B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-02-18 | 长安大学 | Analog loading device and loading method for tunnel lock pin anchor pipe |
| CN111198096B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-01-14 | 河北建筑工程学院 | Soil anchor rod drawing test device and test method considering grouting pressure |
| CN111256930A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-09 | 寇引霞 | Work control method of steel frame shock resistance detection equipment |
| CN111751214B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-04-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Deep soft rock anchoring interface drawing experimental device and method |
| CN112903419B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-12-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Rock mass anchor rod drawing coupling test device and test method under seepage effect |
| CN114235584A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-25 | 太原理工大学 | Multi-layer linkage drawing tester suitable for testing earthquake deformation of ribs |
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