CN109262738B - Hand drill with back hook edge - Google Patents
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- CN109262738B CN109262738B CN201811199427.3A CN201811199427A CN109262738B CN 109262738 B CN109262738 B CN 109262738B CN 201811199427 A CN201811199427 A CN 201811199427A CN 109262738 B CN109262738 B CN 109262738B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/32—Hand-held perforating or punching apparatus, e.g. awls
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hand drill with a back hooking blade, belongs to the field of machining tools, relates to a hand drill with a back hooking blade, and is particularly suitable for hand hole making of fiber reinforced composite materials. The drill bit takes the convex double-vertex angles as a basic drill type, and the angles of the two vertex angles are modified so as to reduce the drilling axial force and inhibit the generation of delamination and tearing damage. The drill bit comprises a chisel edge, a first main cutting edge, a second main cutting edge, a back hooking edge, four auxiliary cutting edges and a tool handle. The return edge of the drill is included in the second main cutting edge and is composed of a counter edge and a scraping edge. The drill bit adopts a back-hooking blade structure consisting of a reverse blade and a scraping blade, secondary removal is carried out on the generated burr damage, and final reaming and trimming of the hole wall is completed by using the minor cutting blade with a small back angle. The chip removal groove has a smaller helical angle, so that the interference of unstable feeding to the machining process is reduced. The drill bit realizes the one-time manual high-quality hole making of drilling, expanding and reaming of the fiber composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining tools, and relates to a hand drill with a back hook blade, which is particularly suitable for hand drilling of fiber reinforced composite materials.
Background
With the continuous emergence of various novel fiber reinforced composite materials, the excellent characteristics of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and the like attract more and more attention. Among them, carbon fiber reinforced Composite (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRP) are two types of materials that have the widest range of applications. Both are composite materials formed by hard and brittle fibers and soft resin matrixes, and in the process of drilling, because of the huge mechanical property difference between the fiber reinforced phase and the resin matrix phase, the composite materials are very easy to generate unpredictable damages such as layering, tearing, burrs and the like during drilling, and the damages can cause various processing problems. Particularly, after the burrs are damaged during machining, the burrs can be tightly attached to the rear cutter face of the cutter, and in the process of high-speed rotation of the cutter, due to the strong abrasive property of the fiber reinforced phase, the cutter body is severely scratched, so that the cutting edge is rapidly degraded, and the service life of the cutter is remarkably reduced.
A large number of expert scholars have developed various novel drill bits to the production that suppresses processing damage improves processingquality, reduces cutter wearing and tearing. "a little tooth twolip area of ladder of wanfuji et al bores integrative drill of ream", patent application number 201611182140.0, it relates to one kind and realizes that the stromatolite material bores the integrative processing cutter of ream, and the little tooth structure of the many steps that provides can effectively cut off the fibre burr, reduces hole access & exit processing damage, and the ream sword can realize final ream processing requirement. However, the novel drill bit is a machine-clamped drill bit, and the requirement of manual hole making cannot be met in actual production work. "special drill bit of carbon fiber reinforced composite material with circular arc sword blade" that sufei et al put forward, patent application No. 201711047792.8, it relates to a drill bit with circular arc sword blade, proposes to set up circular arc drill point portion, reaming portion and multiple-edge point portion, sets up two small inclination helicla flutes on the drill bit main part outer periphery simultaneously, realizes the periodic deburring, reduces the layering damage in the manual system hole process. However, in order to ensure the wear resistance of the cutter, the polycrystalline diamond blade is brazed at the head of the drill bit body, so that the manufacturing cost of the cutter is increased. K. "PCD cutting tip for rotary cutting tool and method of forming the same", filed by sappanse et al, patent application No. 201710654872.3, relates to a rotary cutting tool having a polycrystalline diamond tip, which improves the usability and machining quality of the tool by designing a special bit tip structure and joining to the tool body by brazing process, but the tip structure is complicated to form and the brazing type tool manufacturing process is not convenient for the overall machining.
The tool needs to meet the rotating speed feed ratio required by machining, needs to guarantee higher perpendicularity requirement, needs to provide larger drilling axial force, and is difficult to realize in manual hole making under the machining conditions, so that the application of the novel tool in production is limited.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention mainly solves the technical problem that when the fiber reinforced composite material represented by CFRP and GFRP is drilled, the cutting performance of the drill bit is improved as much as possible on the premise that the feeding rotation speed ratio cannot be ensured in manual drilling, and drilling, inlet layering, burrs and tearing damage formed in a single hole making process are reduced. The drill bit takes double vertex angles as basic drill types, and the angles of the two vertex angles are modified, so that the drilling axial force is reduced, and the generation of delamination and tearing damage is inhibited. The end of the second main cutting edge adopts a back hook edge structure of reverse cutting and variable edge scraping, so that reverse cutting and circumferential scraping of outlet fibers are realized, drilling quality is improved, and single hole cost is reduced. And then reaming the cut hole wall by the auxiliary cutting edge with small relief angle, thereby obtaining a manually processed hole without burr and with smaller hole wall roughness, and being more suitable for cutting off fibers.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the manual drill bit with the back hook blade is characterized in that the drill bit takes convex double vertex angles as basic drill types, the angles of the two vertex angles are modified, the drilling axial force is reduced, and the generation of layering and tearing damage is inhibited; the drill bit is by chisel edge A, first main cutting edge B, second main cutting edge C, colludes sword D again, four minor cutting edges E, six parts of handle of a knife F are constituteed, wherein, collude sword D again and contain in second main cutting edge C, and the specific structural parameter of drill bit is as follows:
the drill bit is of a convex double-vertex-angle structure with four chip grooves, and a first main cutting edge B, C and a second main cutting edge B, C are distributed in the initial cutting area; four secondary cutting edges E are uniformly distributed in the reaming area, two of the secondary cutting edges E extend to the initial drilling area and are intersected with the first main cutting edge B, the other two secondary cutting edges E extend to the secondary rear cutter face of the first main cutting edge, and the multi-edge simultaneous cutting improves the drilling machining efficiency; the most front end of the drill is provided with a chisel edge A which is a centering structure of the drill, and in order to meet the requirement of small axial force of a composite material, the thickness b of a drill core is 0.25-0.35 times of the diameter d of the drill, and the width a of the chisel edge is 0.35 times of the thickness b of the drill core;
the first main cutting edge B is an initial drilling area, in order to inhibit the generation of delamination and tearing damage, a first vertex angle alpha is 60-90 degrees, a rake angle q1 of the cutting edge of the section is ground to be 20-25 degrees, a relief angle h1 is 25-32 degrees, the cutting performance of the cutting edge on fibers is improved, and the diameter d1 of the tail end of the first main cutting edge is 0.4-0.47 times of the diameter d of a cutter;
the second main cutting edge C is a reaming area and is used for realizing the processing to the final hole diameter and removing the damage caused by initial drilling, the second vertex angle beta is between 15 and 18 degrees, a blade zone R is ground in the area, the control width is between 0.5 and 2.0mm, the front angle q2 of the section of cutting edge is ground to be between 15 and 20 degrees, and the back angle h2 is between 8 and 15 degrees;
the back-hooking edge D is contained in the second main cutting edge C and consists of a reverse edge M and a scraping and cutting edge N together, the included angle gamma between the reverse edge M and the horizontal line is 5-7 degrees, the front angle q3 of the reverse edge M is 14-17 degrees, the back angle h3 is 10-15 degrees, the distance E between the top end of the reverse edge M and the second main cutting edge C is 0.1-0.15D, the scraping and cutting edge N in the back-hooking edge D and the axial direction theta are controlled to be 12-15 degrees, the grinding and cutting edge front angle q4 is 10-14 degrees, the scraping and cutting edge back angle h4 is 8-10 degrees, the length f between the top end of the scraping and cutting edge N and the junction of the second main cutting edge C and the auxiliary cutting edge E is 0.5-1.0mm, and the grinding and cutting edge strip g width on the reverse edge M and the scraping and cutting edge N is 0.2-0.5mm respectively;
two auxiliary cutting edges E inherit the front and rear angles of the second main cutting edge C, and simultaneously, a side relief angle se is ground, the numerical value of the side relief angle se is 1.2-1.5 times of the relief angle h2 of the second main cutting edge C, the spiral angle u of a chip groove is 5-7 degrees, and a blade band R on the second main cutting edge C is expanded to the auxiliary cutting edge E along the spiral groove; the diameter d2 of the knife handle F is usually 6-8mm according to the clamping requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effect that when the fiber composite material represented by CFRP and GFRP is processed by adopting the hand drill with the back hook blade, the cutting performance of the cutter is improved through the front and back angles of different cutting parts. The formation of tearing damage is inhibited by a double-vertex angle structure with a smaller size, the axial force in the drilling process is reduced, and outlet layering damage is reduced. And a back hooking blade structure consisting of a reverse blade and a scraping blade is used for secondarily removing the generated burr damage, and the final reaming and finishing of the hole wall is finished by using the minor cutting blade with a small back angle. The chip groove is provided with a smaller helical angle, and a small-angle double-vertex angle structure is matched to adapt to the processing conditions of manual drilling, so that the interference of unstable feeding to the processing process is reduced. The drill bit is suitable for manual drilling and machining conditions, and can effectively realize one-time manual high-quality hole making for drilling, expanding and reaming of the fiber composite material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a novel hand drill with a back hooking blade, fig. 2 is a view along direction K of fig. 1, fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a drill tip portion, and fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of a back hooking blade structure. Wherein: a-a chisel edge, B-a first main cutting edge, C-a second main cutting edge, D-a back hook edge, E-an auxiliary cutting edge, F-a knife handle, M-a reverse edge and N-a scraping edge; a-chisel edge width, B-drill center thickness, d-cutter diameter, d 1-first main cutting edge tip diameter, d 2-shank F diameter, E-distance of tip of reverse edge M from second main cutting edge C, F-length of tip of scraping edge N from junction of second main cutting edge C and secondary cutting edge E, g-width of back-hooking edge, q 1-first main cutting edge B rake angle, q 2-second main cutting edge C rake angle, q 3-reverse edge M rake angle, q 4-scraping edge N rake angle, h 1-first main cutting edge B relief angle, h 2-second main cutting edge C relief angle, h 3-reverse edge M relief angle, h 4-scraping edge N relief angle, se-secondary cutting edge E relief angle, u-helix angle; the alpha-first vertex angle, the beta-second vertex angle, the theta-scraping cutting edge N and the axial direction form an angle, and the gamma-reverse cutting edge M and the horizontal line form an angle.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and accompanying claims.
The hand drill with the back-hooking edges as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 is particularly suitable for drilling fiber reinforced composite materials represented by CFRP and GFRP, and the hand drill takes a convex double-vertex angle as a basic drill type, modifies two vertex angles of the drill type, reduces drilling axial force and inhibits the generation of delamination and tearing damage. The drill bit comprises a chisel edge A, a first main cutting edge B, a second main cutting edge C, a back hooking edge D, four auxiliary cutting edges E and a cutter handle F. The back hooking blade D is contained in the second main cutting edge C, and the fiber is reversely cut and circumferentially scraped to remove the damages such as tearing and layering of the processed material. In this example, the drill diameter d is taken to be 6 mm.
The centering structure chisel edge A is located at the most forward end of the drill, as shown in FIG. 1. The drill point part determines the initial position of a drill hole, bears more than 50% of drilling axial force, and the thickness b of the drill core is selected to be 0.25 d-1.5 mm in order to ensure the strength of the tool body. Because the axial force of feeding during manual drilling provides for the manpower, get under the centering requirement prerequisite under not influencing and get chisel edge width a 0.35b 0.525mm to the less axial force requirement of composite material processing is processed in the adaptation, the chisel edge can not undersize otherwise will make cutter life-span reduce in addition.
In an initial drilling area where the first main cutting edge B is located, the front tool face of the main cutting edge is connected with a chip removal groove, so that chips can smoothly flow out, the first vertex angle alpha of the part is selected to be 60 degrees, and the generation of material layering and tearing damage in the initial drilling stage is effectively inhibited. The front angle q1 of the first main cutting edge is 20 degrees, the back angle h1 is 25 degrees, the sharpness and the strength of the cutting edge are guaranteed, carbon fibers in a processed material can be cut off smoothly, and meanwhile, the abrasion of a rear cutter face is reduced so that the service life of the cutter is prolonged. The first major cutting edge tip diameter d1, 0.4d 2.4mm, forms the hole diameter for the first stage drilling.
And (4) reaming the first-stage hole in the reaming area where the second main cutting edge C is positioned, and removing the damage such as layering, tearing, burrs and the like in the initial drilling process. The reaming district equipartition has four minor cutting edges E, and wherein two minor cutting edges extend to initial drilling district and intersect with first main cutting edge, and two other minor cutting edges extend to the vice back knife face of first main cutting edge, and the multiple-edge simultaneous cutting has improved drilling machining efficiency. The second vertex angle beta of the hole expanding area is 15 degrees, and the smaller second vertex angle is beneficial to reducing the cutting axial force. In this region the land R is 0.5mm wide, the secondary major cutting edge rake angle q2 is 15 °, the relief angle h2 is 8 °, and a small rake angle ensures the strength of the cutting edge. The back-hooking edge D of the second main cutting edge C is composed of a counter edge M and a scraping edge N, as shown in fig. 4, which is a partial enlarged view of the back-hooking edge structure, an included angle γ between the counter edge M and a horizontal line is 5 °, so as to remove outlet burrs by reverse cutting when the drill rotates at a high speed, a front angle q3 of the counter edge M is 14 °, a rear angle h3 is 10 °, a distance E from a top end of the counter edge M to the second main cutting edge C is 0.1D is 0.6mm, a scraping edge N of the back-hooking edge D and an axial direction θ are 12 °, a circumferential scraping effect on a hole wall is achieved, a scraping edge front angle q4 is 10 °, a rear angle h4 is 8 °, a length f from a top end of the scraping edge N to a junction of the second main cutting edge C and the sub-cutting edge E is 0.5mm, and a width g of the back-hooking edge is polished on the counter edge M and the scraping edge N by 0.2 mm.
The two minor cutting edges E receive the second major cutting edge C and have the same front-rear angle with the second major cutting edge C, and the portion having a small cutting amount mainly plays a role in reaming the hole wall. Side cutting edge side relief angle se is 1.5h212 degrees, the damage of a cutter and a formed hole caused by the contact of a rear cutter face and a processed hole wall is avoided, the helical angle u of a chip removal groove penetrating through the hole expanding area of the drill and the auxiliary cutting edge area is 7 degrees, the total length of the chip removal groove is shortened by the smaller helical angle, chips are discharged in time during manual drilling, and the edge zone R on the second main cutting edge C is expanded to the auxiliary cutting edge E along the helical groove. The diameter d2 of the tool shank F is 8mm according to the actual clamping requirement.
The invention is suitable for processing fiber reinforced composite materials represented by CFRP and GFRP, and improves the cutting performance of the cutter to fibers through the front and back angles of different cutting parts. The formation of initial tearing damage is restrained by the small-sized chisel edge and the small-sized vertex angle structure, the axial force in the drilling process is reduced, and the outlet layering damage is reduced. And a back hook blade structure is adopted to perform reverse cutting and circumferential scraping on the damage such as burrs and the like. And the final reaming and trimming of the hole wall is finished by using the minor cutting edge with a small clearance angle, so that the surface roughness value is reduced. The chip removal groove is provided with a smaller helical angle, and is matched with a small-angle double-vertex angle structure to adapt to the processing conditions of manual drilling, so that the interference of unstable feeding to the processing process is reduced, and the drilling, expanding and reaming of the fiber composite material can be realized by one-time manual high-quality hole making.
Claims (1)
1. A hand drill bit with a back hook edge is characterized in that the drill bit takes convex double vertex angles as basic drill types, the angles of the two vertex angles are modified, the drilling axial force is reduced, and the generation of layering and tearing damage is inhibited; the drill bit is by chisel edge (A), first main cutting edge (B), second main cutting edge (C), colludes sword (D) again, four vice cutting edges (E), six parts of handle of a knife (F) are constituteed, wherein, collude sword (D) again and contain in second main cutting edge (C), and the specific structural parameter of drill bit is as follows:
the drill bit is of a convex double-vertex-angle structure with four chip grooves, and a first main cutting edge and a second main cutting edge (B, C) are distributed in the initial cutting area; four auxiliary cutting edges (E) are uniformly distributed in the reaming area, two of the auxiliary cutting edges (E) extend to the initial drilling area and are intersected with the first main cutting edge (B), the other two auxiliary cutting edges (E) extend to the auxiliary rear cutter face of the first main cutting edge, and the multi-edge simultaneous cutting improves the drilling machining efficiency; the most front end of the drill is provided with a chisel edge (A) which is a centering structure of the drill, in order to meet the requirement of small axial force of a composite material, the thickness b of a drill core is 0.25-0.35 times of the diameter d of the drill, and the width a of the chisel edge is 0.35 times of the thickness b of the drill core;
the first main cutting edge (B) is an initial drilling area, in order to inhibit delamination and tearing damage, a first vertex angle alpha is 60-90 degrees, a rake angle q1 of the cutting edge is ground to be 20-25 degrees, a relief angle h1 is 25-32 degrees, the cutting performance of the cutting edge on fibers is improved, and the diameter d1 of the tail end of the first main cutting edge is 0.4-0.47 times of the diameter d of a cutter;
the second main cutting edge (C) is a reaming area used for realizing the processing to the final hole diameter and removing the damage caused by initial drilling, the second vertex angle beta is between 15 and 18 degrees, a blade zone R is ground in the area, the control width is between 0.5 and 2.0mm, the front angle q2 of the section of cutting edge is ground to be between 15 and 20 degrees, and the back angle h2 is between 8 and 15 degrees;
the back-hooking edge (D) is contained in the second main cutting edge (C) and consists of a reverse edge (M) and a scraping and cutting edge (N) together, the included angle gamma between the reverse edge (M) and the horizontal line is 5-7 degrees, the front angle q3 of the reverse edge (M) is 14-17 degrees, the back angle h3 is 10-15 degrees, the distance E between the top end of the reverse edge (M) and the second main cutting edge (C) is 0.1-0.15D, the length f between the scraping and cutting edge (N) in the back-hooking edge (D) and the axial direction theta is 12-15 degrees, the grinding and scraping and cutting edge front angle q4 is 10-14 degrees, the scraping and cutting edge back angle h4 is 8-10 degrees, the length f between the top end of the scraping and cutting edge (E) and the junction of the second main cutting edge (C) and the secondary cutting edge (E) is 0.5-1.0mm, and the grinding and back-cutting edge g on the reverse edge (M) and the scraping and cutting edge (N) is 0.5-0.5;
two auxiliary cutting edges (E) inherit the front and rear angles of the second main cutting edge (C), and simultaneously, a secondary relief angle se is ground, the value of the secondary relief angle se is 1.2-1.5 times of the relief angle h2 of the second main cutting edge (C), the helix angle u of a chip groove is 5-7 degrees, and the margin R on the second main cutting edge (C) is expanded to the auxiliary cutting edge (E) along a spiral groove; the diameter d2 of the cutter handle (F) is 6-8mm according to the clamping requirement.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811199427.3A CN109262738B (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16 | Hand drill with back hook edge |
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| CN201811199427.3A CN109262738B (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16 | Hand drill with back hook edge |
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| CN109262738A CN109262738A (en) | 2019-01-25 |
| CN109262738B true CN109262738B (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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| CN102825304A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 马克托罗工业株式会社 | Drill bit |
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| CN106270664A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of polycrystalline diamond compact bit with the micro-toothing of flip Trim |
| CN106475607A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 马克托罗工业株式会社 | Drill bit and it is perforated the manufacture method of part |
| CN108608040A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-02 | 大连理工大学 | For composite material and its micro- serrated knife tool of the double ladders of the perpendicular sword of laminated construction high quality drilling |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10518336B2 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2019-12-31 | Kyocera Corporation | Drill and method of manufacturing machined product using the same |
| JP2017087342A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-25 | 有限会社マザム技研 | Twist drill |
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2018
- 2018-10-16 CN CN201811199427.3A patent/CN109262738B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102825304A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 马克托罗工业株式会社 | Drill bit |
| CN105458354A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-04-06 | 贵州西南工具(集团)有限公司 | Novel composite material drilling bit and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106475607A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 马克托罗工业株式会社 | Drill bit and it is perforated the manufacture method of part |
| CN106270664A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of polycrystalline diamond compact bit with the micro-toothing of flip Trim |
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