CN109261527B - Coffee bean grading machine and grading method - Google Patents
Coffee bean grading machine and grading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109261527B CN109261527B CN201810974376.0A CN201810974376A CN109261527B CN 109261527 B CN109261527 B CN 109261527B CN 201810974376 A CN201810974376 A CN 201810974376A CN 109261527 B CN109261527 B CN 109261527B
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- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coffee bean classifier and a classification method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural material screening equipment. The coffee bean classifier comprises a feeding part, a homogenizing screening part, a classifying part, an air blowing part, a receiving part, an electrical control box and an air pump, wherein the feeding part is communicated with the homogenizing screening part; the feeding part comprises a rack I, a hopper, a vibration motor I and an adulterant collector I; the material homogenizing and screening part comprises a rack II, a vibrating bed main body, a vibrating motor II and an adulterant collector II; the grading part comprises a CCD camera, a microprocessor, a sealing box body, a light supplementing lamp and a cleaner; the air blowing part comprises an air pipe column, an electromagnetic valve and an air pump, and the material receiving part comprises a collecting box I, a collecting box II, a collecting box III, a collecting box IV and a collecting box V. The coffee bean classifier can classify the raw coffee beans according to the particle size and classify the roasted coffee beans according to the color, so that the coffee bean sorting efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coffee bean classifier and a classification method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural material screening equipment.
Background
The classifier is used for nondestructive sorting equipment for detecting and grading the quality of discrete materials, has wide application in the industries of grain, food, pigment chemical industry and the like, and has very obvious sorting effect on regenerated plastic sheets with high sorting difficulty, plastic particles, corns, various beans, ores, hot peppers, garlic cloves, melon seeds, raisins, seeds, traditional Chinese medicines, dried shrimps, clove fishes and special materials.
At present, China has a large scale on the planting area and yield of coffee, but has more problems in the aspects of grading the size and quality of coffee beans and subsequent processing treatment. At the present stage, the classification of the size and the quality of the green coffee beans mainly depends on manual classification, which leads to high labor intensity on one hand and lower classification accuracy on the other hand due to human visual defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a coffee bean classifier and a classification method aiming at the problems of difficult classification of the size and quality of raw coffee beans and difficult classification of the color and quality of roasted coffee beans in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a coffee bean grader comprises a feeding part 1, a homogenizing and screening part 2, a grading part 3, an air blowing part 4, a material receiving part 5 and an electric control box 6, wherein the feeding part 1 is communicated with the homogenizing and screening part 2,
the feeding part 1 comprises a rack I8, a hopper 9, a vibration motor I11 and an adulterant collector I12, wherein the rack I8 is of a rectangular frame structure, the top end of the hopper 9 is installed at the top end of the rack I8 through a hopper installation component 10, the lower part of the hopper 9 extends into the rack I8, the vibration motor I11 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the hopper 9, the adulterant collector I12 is horizontally and fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rack I8, a discharge port 14 of the hopper 9 is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the hopper 9, the lower end of the discharge port 14 is communicated with the homogenizing screening part 2, a bottom plate screen I13 is horizontally and obliquely arranged at the bottom of the hopper 9, the bottom plate screen I13 is positioned above the discharge port 14, the lower end of the bottom plate screen I13 is communicated with the high end of the discharge port 14, the;
the homogenizing screening part 2 comprises a rack II 16, a vibrating bed main body 17, a vibrating motor II 19 and an adulterant collector II 20, wherein the rack II 16 is of a rectangular frame structure, the vibrating bed main body 17 is horizontally and obliquely arranged at the top end of the rack II 16 through a vibrating bed connecting assembly 18, the lower end of the vibrating bed main body 17 is communicated with the classifying part 3, the bottom wall of the vibrating bed main body 17 is a bottom plate screen II 21, a plurality of S-shaped curve rails 22 are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate screen II 21 along the direction of the classifying part 3, the vibrating motor II 19 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the vibrating bed main body 17, and the adulterant collector II 20 is horizontally and fixedly arranged at the bottom in the rack II; the width of the S-shaped curve track 22 is 1.1-1.8 times of the average grain diameter of the coffee beans;
the grading part 3 comprises a photoelectric sensor I23, a photoelectric sensor II, a CCD camera 24, a microprocessor 25 and a sealed box body 26, the device comprises a light supplementing lamp 27 and a cleaner 28, wherein a photoelectric sensor I23 and a photoelectric sensor II are respectively arranged on two sides of a bottom plate screen II 21, the photoelectric sensor I23 and the photoelectric sensor II are both positioned at the tail end of an S-shaped curve track 22, the photoelectric sensor I23 and the photoelectric sensor II are respectively connected with a microprocessor 25 through data lines, a sealing box body is fixedly arranged above the side of a rack II 16 through a supporting frame, the side wall of the sealing box body close to a material homogenizing and screening part 2 is an inclined transparent glass grading plate, the inclination of the transparent glass grading plate is the same as the falling inclination of coffee beans away from the S-shaped curve track 22, a plurality of CCD cameras 24 are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the sealing box body, and the lens of each CCD camera 24 is over against the transparent glass grading plate and corresponds to the outlet of the S-; the microprocessor 25 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the sealed box body 26, the CCD camera 24 is connected with the microprocessor 25 through a data transmission line, the light supplementing lamp 27 is fixedly arranged at the top of the sealed box body 26, horizontal sliding rails are fixedly arranged at the top end and the bottom end of a transparent glass grading plate of the sealed box body 26, and two ends of the cleaner 28 are respectively arranged in the horizontal sliding rails at the top end and the bottom end of the transparent glass grading plate in a sliding manner;
the air blowing part 4 comprises an air pipe column 29, an electromagnetic valve and an air pump 7, the air pipe column 29 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the frame II 16, a plurality of air pipe columns 29 are respectively arranged under the S-shaped curved track 22, a plurality of air holes are uniformly formed in the air pipe column 29, the opening direction of each air hole is consistent with the direction of a coffee bean falling outlet in the S-shaped curved track 22, one end of the air pipe column 29 is closed, the other end of the air pipe column is communicated with the air pump 7 through an air pipe, the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air pipe, and the electromagnetic valve is connected with the microprocessor 25;
the material receiving part 5 comprises a collecting box I30, a collecting box II 31, a collecting box III 32, a collecting box IV 33 and a collecting box V34, wherein the collecting box I30, the collecting box II 31, the collecting box III 32, the collecting box IV 33 and the collecting box V34 are sequentially arranged below the sealing box 26 along the blowing air flow direction of the air holes of the air pipe column 29;
the electric control box 6 is arranged on one side of the collecting box V34, and the vibration motor I11, the vibration motor II 19, the microprocessor 25 and the air pump 7 are electrically connected with the electric control box 6 through cables;
the hopper mounting assembly 10 comprises a nylon disc I, a nylon disc II, a spring I, a bolt II and a nylon rope I, wherein the nylon disc I is fixedly arranged at the top end of the spring I, the nylon disc II is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the spring I, the nylon disc I is fixedly connected with the top end of the hopper 9 through the bolt I, the nylon disc II is connected with the top end of the rack I8 through the bolt II, and the nylon rope winds and fixes the top end of the hopper 9 at the top end of the rack I8;
the vibrating bed connecting assembly 18 comprises a nylon disc III, a nylon disc IV, a spring II, a bolt III, a bolt IV and a nylon rope II, the nylon disc III is fixedly arranged at the top end of the spring II, the nylon disc IV is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the spring II, the nylon disc III is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the vibrating bed main body 17 through the bolt II, the nylon disc IV is connected with the top end of the rack II 16 through the bolt II, and the nylon rope winds and fixes the bottom end of the vibrating bed main body 17 at the top end of the rack II 16;
the middle part of the side wall of the gas pipe column 29 is provided with double exhaust holes in the horizontal direction, and the included angle between the double exhaust holes and the axis of the gas pipe column is 13 degrees;
and two ends of the gas pipe column 29 are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the frame II 16 through clamping rings.
A coffee bean grading method, coffee bean is coffee bean, grading according to coffee bean particle size, grading by using coffee bean grader, the concrete steps are as follows:
(1) coffee beans are added into a hopper of a feeding part, primary screening is realized under the vibration of a vibration motor I, primarily screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen I at the bottom of the hopper and enter a dopant outlet, the dopants fall into a dopant collector I through the dopant outlet under the action of gravity, and the primarily screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen I and enter a vibrating bed main body of a homogenizing screening part through a discharge port of the hopper under the action of the vibration and the gravity of the vibration motor I;
(2) the primary screened coffee beans in the vibrating bed main body of the homogenizing screening part are accurately screened under the vibration of a vibrating motor II, the accurately screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen II at the bottom of the vibrating bed main body, the dopants fall into a dopant collector II under the action of gravity, the accurately screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen II and are distributed into S-shaped curve tracks at the top end of the bottom plate screen II under the vibration and gravity action of the vibrating motor II, and the single row of coffee beans sequentially move in the single S-shaped curve track;
(3) the coffee beans reach the tail end of the S-shaped curve track, a photoelectric sensor transmits detected coffee bean position signals to a microprocessor, the microprocessor controls a CCD camera of a grading part to acquire image information of the coffee beans at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track, a light supplement lamp supplements light for the process of acquiring coffee bean images at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track by the CCD camera, the CCD camera transmits the acquired coffee bean images to the microprocessor, the microprocessor performs binarization processing on the coffee bean images to obtain binarization processing images, a minimum external rectangle method is adopted to obtain the fruit diameter width d of the coffee beans, and the coffee beans are divided into five grades of d being more than or equal to 6.5mm, d being more than or equal to 6.0mm, d being more than or equal to 5.5mm, d being more than or equal to 5.0mm and d being less than 5.0mm according to the fruit diameter width d of the coffee beans; the microprocessor calculates and processes the classification information and gravity of the coffee beans to obtain the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans, and then converts the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans into the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve;
(4) the microprocessor controls the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve in the air blowing part, and the air in the air pipe column blows the coffee beans falling from the S-shaped curve track of the coffee beans into the collection box of the grade of the coffee beans in the material receiving part.
A coffee bean grading method comprises the following steps of grading roasted coffee beans according to the colors of the roasted coffee beans by using a coffee bean grading machine:
(1) coffee beans are added into a hopper of a feeding part, primary screening is realized under the vibration of a vibration motor I, primarily screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen I at the bottom of the hopper and enter a dopant outlet, the dopants fall into a dopant collector I through the dopant outlet under the action of gravity, and the primarily screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen I and enter a vibrating bed main body of a homogenizing screening part through a discharge port of the hopper under the action of the vibration and the gravity of the vibration motor I;
(2) the primary screened coffee beans in the vibrating bed main body of the homogenizing screening part are accurately screened under the vibration of a vibrating motor II, the accurately screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen II at the bottom of the vibrating bed main body, the dopants fall into a dopant collector II under the action of gravity, the accurately screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen II and are distributed into S-shaped curve tracks at the top end of the bottom plate screen II under the vibration and gravity action of the vibrating motor II, and the single row of coffee beans sequentially move in the single S-shaped curve track;
(3) the coffee beans reach the tail end of the S-shaped curve track, a photoelectric sensor transmits detected coffee bean position signals to a microprocessor, the microprocessor controls a CCD camera of a grading part to acquire image information of the coffee beans at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track, a light supplement lamp supplements light for the process of acquiring coffee bean images at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track by the CCD camera, the CCD camera transmits the acquired coffee bean images to the microprocessor, the microprocessor constructs the coffee bean images into an RGB color space model, then converts the RGB color space model into an HSV model, and selects a V component in the HSV model as a color characteristic value set of the coffee beans; obtaining pixel threshold by using basic global threshold method
According to coffee bean pixel threshold
Dividing coffee beans into light roasted beans
Moderately baked beans
Deep-baked beans
Three grades; the microprocessor calculates and processes the classification information and gravity of the coffee beans to obtain the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans, and then converts the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans into the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve;
(4) the microprocessor controls the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve in the air blowing part, and the air in the air pipe column blows the coffee beans falling from the S-shaped curve track of the coffee beans into the collection box of the grade of the coffee beans in the material receiving part.
Further, the method for converting the RGB color space model into the HSV model comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the three components of the RGB color space model are R, G and B respectively, the maximum value of R, G, B components is T1, and the minimum value of R, G, B components is T2;
(2) the RGB color space model is converted into HSV model: the value of H in the HSV model is as follows: when T1-T2, H-0 °; when T1 ≧ R and G ≧ B, H ═ 60 ° (G-B)/(T1-T2); when T1 ═ R and G < B, H ═ 60 ° (G-B)/(T1-T2) +360 °; when T1 ═ G, H ═ 60 ° (B-R)/(T1-T2) +120 °; when T1 ═ B, H ═ 60 ° (R-G)/(T1-T2) +240 °; the value of S is: when T1 is 0, S is 0; when T1 ≠ 0, S ═ T1-T2)/T1; the values of V are: v ═ T1;
(3) and selecting the V component in the HSV model as the color characteristic value set of the coffee beans.
Further, the method for obtaining the pixel threshold value by the basic global threshold value method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) randomly selecting a V component value from the color characteristic value set of the coffee beans as an initial estimation value G;
(2) using the initial estimate G to segment the set of color feature values of the coffee beans into a set G1 and a set G2, wherein the set G1 consists of pixels larger than the initial estimate G and the set G2 consists of pixels smaller than the initial estimate G;
(3) calculating an average pixel value G1 of the average pixel values of the set G1; calculating an average pixel value G2 of the pixel set G2;
(4) the average value of the average pixel value G1 and the average pixel value G2 is used as the calculation threshold G31＝(g1+g2)/2；
(5) The threshold value G3 will be calculated1Replacing the initial estimated value G in the step (2), repeating the steps (2) to (4) n-1 times to obtain a calculated threshold G3nThen, the threshold G3 is calculatednReplacing the initial estimate G3 of step (2)n-1Sequentially carrying out the steps (2) to (4) to obtain a calculated threshold value G3n+1When G3n+1-G3nWhen equal to 0, G3nI.e. the pixel threshold
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the feeding part and the refining screening part are simultaneously provided with the perforated bottom plate screen, so that the materials are screened more thoroughly twice, wherein the first screening mainly screens adulterants and the like, the second screening mainly screens broken materials and other defective goods, and the working efficiency of the system is effectively improved by thoroughly screening the materials twice;
(2) the invention uses the S-shaped track, so that the coffee beans can sequentially pass through the track in a single row and a single column, the aim of more uniform material distribution is achieved, and convenience is provided for the acquisition and processing of subsequent images;
(3) the grading part of the invention adopts an image detection method based on machine vision, thereby effectively reducing the labor degree and improving the accuracy of the detection result;
(4) the invention adopts the pneumatic device to grade in the actuating mechanism part, and the coffee beans are sent to the corresponding material collecting box by generating different impact forces on different materials by depending on air flow, thereby completing the on-line automatic grading.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a coffee bean classifier;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view (front view) of the classification section, the air blowing section and the material receiving section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hopper structure;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the main body of the vibration bed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the trachea cannula;
wherein: 1-a feeding part, 2-a material homogenizing and screening part, 3-a grading part, 4-an air blowing part, 5-a material receiving part, 6-an electrical control box, 7-an air pump, 8-a rack I, 9-a hopper, 10-a hopper mounting component, 11-a vibration motor I, 12-a dopant collector I, 13-a bottom plate screen I, 14-a discharge port, 15-a dopant outlet, 16-a rack II, 17-a vibration bed main body, 18-a vibration bed connecting component, 19-a vibration motor II, 20-a dopant collector II, 21-a bottom plate screen II, 22-an S-shaped curve track, 23-a photoelectric sensor, 24-a CCD camera, 25-a microprocessor, 26-a sealed box body, 27-a light supplementing lamp, 28-a cleaner, 29-gas column, 30-collecting boxes I, 31-collecting boxes II, 32-collecting boxes III, 33-collecting boxes IV and 34-collecting boxes V.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in figures 1 to 5, the coffee bean classifier comprises a feeding part 1, a homogenizing and screening part 2, a classifying part 3, an air blowing part 4, a material receiving part 5 and an electric control box 6, wherein the feeding part 1 is communicated with the homogenizing and screening part 2,
the feeding part 1 comprises a rack I8, a hopper 9, a vibration motor I11 and an adulterant collector I12, wherein the rack I8 is of a rectangular frame structure, the top end of the hopper 9 is installed at the top end of the rack I8 through a hopper installation component 10, the lower part of the hopper 9 extends into the rack I8, the vibration motor I11 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the hopper 9, the adulterant collector I12 is horizontally and fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rack I8, a discharge port 14 of the hopper 9 is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the hopper 9, the lower end of the discharge port 14 is communicated with the homogenizing screening part 2, a bottom plate screen I13 is horizontally and obliquely arranged at the bottom of the hopper 9, the bottom plate screen I13 is positioned above the discharge port 14, the lower end of the bottom plate screen I13 is communicated with the high end of the discharge port 14, the; the vibrating motor I11 drives the hopper 9 to vibrate, so that impurities in coffee beans and coffee beans with poor appearance quality can be screened out preliminarily;
the homogenizing screening part 2 comprises a rack II 16, a vibrating bed main body 17, a vibrating motor II 19 and an adulterant collector II 20, wherein the rack II 16 is of a rectangular frame structure, the vibrating bed main body 17 is horizontally and obliquely arranged at the top end of the rack II 16 through a vibrating bed connecting assembly 18, the lower end of the vibrating bed main body 17 is communicated with the classifying part 3, the bottom wall of the vibrating bed main body 17 is a bottom plate screen II 21, a plurality of S-shaped curve rails 22 are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate screen II 21 along the direction of the classifying part 3, the vibrating motor II 19 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the vibrating bed main body 17, and the adulterant collector II 20 is horizontally and fixedly arranged at the bottom in the rack II; the width of the S-shaped curve track 22 is 1.1-1.8 times of the average grain diameter of the coffee beans; the vibration motor II 19 drives the vibration bed main body 17 to realize vertical vibration, so that coffee beans uniformly move on a curved track, and dopants and coffee beans with poor appearance quality are discharged from a screen at the bottom of the vibration bed main body 17 while the material refining effect is realized;
the grading part 3 comprises a photoelectric sensor I23, a photoelectric sensor II, a CCD camera 24, a microprocessor 25 and a sealed box body 26, the device comprises a light supplementing lamp 27 and a cleaner 28, wherein a photoelectric sensor I23 and a photoelectric sensor II are respectively arranged on two sides of a bottom plate screen II 21, the photoelectric sensor I23 and the photoelectric sensor II are both positioned at the tail end of an S-shaped curve track 22, the photoelectric sensor I23 and the photoelectric sensor II are respectively connected with a microprocessor 25 through data lines, a sealing box body is fixedly arranged above the side of a rack II 16 through a supporting frame, the side wall of the sealing box body close to a material homogenizing and screening part 2 is an inclined transparent glass grading plate, the inclination of the transparent glass grading plate is the same as the falling inclination of coffee beans away from the S-shaped curve track 22, a plurality of CCD cameras 24 are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the sealing box body, and the lens of each CCD camera 24 is over against the transparent glass grading plate and corresponds to the outlet of the S-; the microprocessor 25 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the sealed box body 26, the CCD camera 24 is connected with the microprocessor 25 through a data transmission line, the light supplementing lamp 27 is fixedly arranged at the top of the sealed box body 26, horizontal sliding rails are fixedly arranged at the top end and the bottom end of a transparent glass grading plate of the sealed box body 26, and two ends of the cleaner 28 are respectively arranged in the horizontal sliding rails at the top end and the bottom end of the transparent glass grading plate in a sliding manner; the light supplementing lamp is arranged at the upper end of the outer wall surface of the seal box, light rays directly irradiate the sorted materials to supplement light, the problem of poor image effect caused by uneven light sources can be effectively solved, and the CCD camera can acquire image information with the best effect so as to carry out subsequent processing; the cleaner is positioned at one end of the color selection glass plate and is connected with the sliding block on the linear guide rail pair guide rail, meanwhile, the linear sliding block is connected with the pneumatic mechanism, and the cleaner slides on the guide rail along with the sliding block, so that the cleaner can move left and right on the surface of the color selection glass plate, and the dust, foreign matters and the like of the color selection glass can be removed, thereby avoiding causing errors in the image information acquisition process;
the air blowing part 4 comprises an air pipe column 29, an electromagnetic valve and an air pump 7, the air pipe column 29 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the frame II 16 through a clamping ring, a plurality of air pipe columns 29 are respectively arranged under the S-shaped curve track 22, a plurality of air holes are uniformly formed in the air pipe column 29, the opening direction of each air hole is consistent with the direction of a falling outlet of coffee beans in the S-shaped curve track 22, one end of the air pipe column 29 is closed, the other end of the air pipe column 29 is communicated with the air pump 7 through an air pipe, the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air pipe, and the electromagnetic valve is connected; the microprocessor 25 controls the flow rate of the air flow through the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve, so that the thrust of the air blowing part 4 to the coffee beans can be controlled;
the material receiving part 5 comprises a collecting box I30, a collecting box II 31, a collecting box III 32, a collecting box IV 33 and a collecting box V34, wherein the collecting box I30, the collecting box II 31, the collecting box III 32, the collecting box IV 33 and the collecting box V34 are sequentially arranged below the sealing box 26 along the blowing air flow direction of the air holes of the air pipe column 29;
the electric control box 6 is arranged on one side of the collecting box V34, and the vibration motor I11, the vibration motor II 19, the microprocessor 25 and the air pump 7 are electrically connected with the electric control box 6 through cables;
the hopper mounting assembly 10 comprises a nylon disc I, a nylon disc II, a spring I, a bolt II and a nylon rope I, wherein the nylon disc I is fixedly arranged at the top end of the spring I, the nylon disc II is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the spring I, the nylon disc I is fixedly connected with the top end of the hopper 9 through the bolt I, the nylon disc II is connected with the top end of the rack I8 through the bolt II, and the nylon rope winds and fixes the top end of the hopper 9 at the top end of the rack I8;
the vibrating bed connecting assembly 18 comprises a nylon disc III, a nylon disc IV, a spring II, a bolt III, a bolt IV and a nylon rope II, the nylon disc III is fixedly arranged at the top end of the spring II, the nylon disc IV is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the spring II, the nylon disc III is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the vibrating bed main body 17 through the bolt II, the nylon disc IV is connected with the top end of the rack II 16 through the bolt II, and the nylon rope winds and fixes the bottom end of the vibrating bed main body 17 at the top end of the rack II 16;
the middle part of the side wall of the gas pipe column 29 is provided with double exhaust holes in the horizontal direction, and the included angle between the double exhaust holes and the axis of the gas pipe column is 13 degrees;
and two ends of the gas pipe column 29 are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the frame II 16 through clamping rings.
Example 2: a coffee bean grading method, coffee bean is coffee bean, grading according to coffee bean particle size, adopting coffee bean grader of embodiment 1 to grade, the concrete steps are as follows:
(1) coffee beans are added into a hopper of a feeding part, primary screening is realized under the vibration of a vibration motor I, primarily screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen I at the bottom of the hopper and enter a dopant outlet, the dopants fall into a dopant collector I through the dopant outlet under the action of gravity, and the primarily screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen I and enter a vibrating bed main body of a homogenizing screening part through a discharge port of the hopper under the action of the vibration and the gravity of the vibration motor I;
(2) the primary screened coffee beans in the vibrating bed main body of the homogenizing screening part are accurately screened under the vibration of a vibrating motor II, the accurately screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen II at the bottom of the vibrating bed main body, the dopants fall into a dopant collector II under the action of gravity, the accurately screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen II and are distributed into S-shaped curve tracks at the top end of the bottom plate screen II under the vibration and gravity action of the vibrating motor II, and the single row of coffee beans sequentially move in the single S-shaped curve track;
(3) the method comprises the following steps that a CCD camera of a grading part collects image information of coffee beans at an outlet of an S-shaped curve track, a light supplement lamp supplements light for the process that the CCD camera collects the coffee bean image at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track, the CCD camera transmits the collected coffee bean image to a microprocessor, the microprocessor conducts binarization processing on the coffee bean image to obtain a binarization processing image, a minimum external rectangle method is adopted to obtain a coffee bean fruit diameter width d, and the coffee beans are divided into five grades, wherein d is not less than 6.5mm, 6.5mm is more than d not less than 6.0mm, 6.0mm is more than d not less than 5.5mm, 5.5mm is more than d not less than 5.0mm, and d is less than 5.0mm according to the coffee bean fruit; the microprocessor calculates and processes the classification information and gravity of the coffee beans to obtain the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans, and then converts the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans into the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve;
(4) the microprocessor controls the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve in the air blowing part, and the air in the air pipe column blows the coffee beans falling from the S-shaped curve track of the coffee beans into the collection box of the grade of the coffee beans in the material receiving part.
Example 3: a coffee bean grading method, wherein coffee beans are roasted coffee beans, are graded according to the colors of the roasted coffee beans, and are graded by using the coffee bean grading machine in embodiment 1, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) coffee beans are added into a hopper of a feeding part, primary screening is realized under the vibration of a vibration motor I, primarily screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen I at the bottom of the hopper and enter a dopant outlet, the dopants fall into a dopant collector I through the dopant outlet under the action of gravity, and the primarily screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen I and enter a vibrating bed main body of a homogenizing screening part through a discharge port of the hopper under the action of the vibration and the gravity of the vibration motor I;
(2) the primary screened coffee beans in the vibrating bed main body of the homogenizing screening part are accurately screened under the vibration of a vibrating motor II, the accurately screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen II at the bottom of the vibrating bed main body, the dopants fall into a dopant collector II under the action of gravity, the accurately screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen II and are distributed into S-shaped curve tracks at the top end of the bottom plate screen II under the vibration and gravity action of the vibrating motor II, and the single row of coffee beans sequentially move in the single S-shaped curve track;
(3) the method comprises the following steps that a CCD camera of a grading part collects image information of coffee beans at an outlet of an S-shaped curve track, a light supplementing lamp supplements light for the coffee bean image collecting process of the CCD camera at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track, the CCD camera transmits the collected coffee bean image to a microprocessor, the microprocessor constructs the coffee bean image into an RGB color space model, then the RGB color space model is converted into an HSV model, and a V component in the HSV model is selected as a color characteristic value set of the coffee beans; obtaining pixel threshold by using basic global threshold method
According to coffee bean pixel threshold
Dividing coffee beans into light roasted beans
Moderately baked beans
Deep-baked beans
Three grades; the microprocessor calculates and processes the classification information and gravity of the coffee beans to obtain the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans, and then converts the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans into the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve;
(4) the microprocessor controls the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve in the air blowing part, and the air in the air pipe column blows the coffee beans falling from the S-shaped curve track of the coffee beans into the collection box of the grade of the coffee beans in the material receiving part.
The method for converting the RGB color space model into the HSV model in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the three components of the RGB color space model are R, G and B respectively, the maximum value of R, G, B components is T1, and the minimum value of R, G, B components is T2;
(2) the RGB color space model is converted into HSV model: the value of H in the HSV model is as follows: when T1-T2, H-0 °; when T1 ≧ R and G ≧ B, H ═ 60 ° (G-B)/(T1-T2); when T1 ═ R and G < B, H ═ 60 ° (G-B)/(T1-T2) +360 °; when T1 ═ G, H ═ 60 ° (B-R)/(T1-T2) +120 °; when T1 ═ B, H ═ 60 ° (R-G)/(T1-T2) +240 °; the value of S is: when T1 is 0, S is 0; when T1 ≠ 0, S ═ T1-T2)/T1; the values of V are: v ═ T1;
(3) and selecting the V component in the HSV model as the color characteristic value set of the coffee beans.
The method for obtaining the pixel threshold value by the basic global threshold value method in this embodiment includes the following specific steps:
(1) randomly selecting a V component value from the color characteristic value set of the coffee beans as an initial estimation value G;
(2) using the initial estimate G to segment the set of color feature values of the coffee beans into a set G1 and a set G2, wherein the set G1 consists of pixels larger than the initial estimate G and the set G2 consists of pixels smaller than the initial estimate G;
(3) calculating an average pixel value G1 of the average pixel values of the set G1; calculating an average pixel value G2 of the pixel set G2;
(4) the average value of the average pixel value G1 and the average pixel value G2 is used as the calculation threshold G31＝(g1+g2)/2；
(5) The threshold value G3 will be calculated1Replacing the initial estimated value G in the step (2), repeating the steps (2) to (4) n-1 times to obtain a calculated threshold G3nThen, the threshold G3 is calculatednReplacing the initial estimate G3 of step (2)n-1Sequentially carrying out the steps (2) to (4) to obtain a calculated threshold value G3n+1When G3n+1-G3nWhen equal to 0, G3nI.e. the pixel threshold
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A coffee bean classifier is characterized in that: comprises a feeding part (1), a refining screening part (2), a grading part (3), an air blowing part (4), a material receiving part (5) and an electric control box (6), wherein the feeding part (1) is communicated with the refining screening part (2),
the feeding part (1) comprises a rack I (8), a hopper (9), a vibrating motor I (11) and a dopant collector I (12), the rack I (8) is of a rectangular frame structure, the top end of the hopper (9) is installed at the top end of the rack I (8) through a hopper installation component (10), the lower part of the hopper (9) extends into the rack I (8), the vibrating motor I (11) is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the hopper (9), the dopant collector I (12) is horizontally and fixedly arranged at the bottom of the rack I (8), a discharge port (14) of the hopper (9) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the hopper (9), the lower end of the discharge port (14) is communicated with the homogenizing screening part (2), a bottom plate screen I (13) is horizontally and obliquely arranged at the lower part of the discharge port (14), the bottom plate screen I (13) is positioned above the discharge port (14), and the lower end of the bottom plate screen I (13) is communicated with, a dopant outlet (15) is formed in the side wall of the bottom end of the hopper (9), and the dopant outlet (15) is positioned below the discharge hole (14);
the homogenizing screening part (2) comprises a rack II (16), a vibrating bed main body (17), a vibrating motor II (19) and a dopant collector II (20), the rack II (16) is of a rectangular frame structure, the vibrating bed main body (17) is horizontally arranged on the top end of the rack II (16) in a downward inclined mode through a vibrating bed connecting assembly (18), the lower end of the vibrating bed main body (17) is communicated with the classifying part (3), the bottom wall of the vibrating bed main body (17) is a bottom plate screen II (21), a plurality of S-shaped curve rails (22) are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate screen II (21) along the direction of the classifying part (3), the vibrating motor II (19) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the vibrating bed main body (17), and the dopant collector II (20) is horizontally and fixedly arranged at the bottom in the rack II (16); the width of the S-shaped curve track (22) is 1.1-1.8 times of the average grain diameter of the coffee beans;
the grading part (3) comprises a photoelectric sensor I (23), a photoelectric sensor II, CCD cameras (24), a microprocessor (25), a sealing box body (26), a light supplementing lamp (27) and a cleaner (28), wherein the photoelectric sensor I (23) and the photoelectric sensor II are respectively arranged at two sides of a bottom plate screen II (21), the photoelectric sensor I (23) and the photoelectric sensor II are both positioned at the tail end of an S-shaped curve track (22), the photoelectric sensor I (23) and the photoelectric sensor II are respectively connected with the microprocessor (25) through data lines, the sealing box body is fixedly arranged above the side of a machine frame II (16) through a supporting frame, the side wall of the sealing box body close to the homogenizing screening part (2) is an inclined transparent glass grading plate, the inclination of the transparent glass grading plate is the same as the inclination of the coffee beans falling off the S-shaped curve track (22), the inner wall of the sealing box body is fixedly provided with the CCD cameras, the lens of each CCD camera (24) is over against the transparent glass grading plate and corresponds to the outlet of the S-shaped curve track (22); the device comprises a microprocessor (25), a CCD camera (24), a light supplementing lamp (27), a transparent glass grading plate, a cleaner (28), a data transmission line, a horizontal sliding rail, a horizontal;
the air blowing part (4) comprises an air pipe column (29), an electromagnetic valve and an air pump (7), the air pipe column (29) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the frame II (16), the air pipe columns (29) are respectively arranged under the S-shaped curve track (22), a plurality of air holes are uniformly formed in the air pipe columns (29), the opening direction of the air holes is consistent with the direction of a coffee bean falling outlet in the S-shaped curve track (22), one end of the air pipe column (29) is closed, the other end of the air pipe column is communicated with the air pump (7) through an air pipe, the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air pipe, and the electromagnetic valve is connected with the microprocessor (25);
the material receiving part (5) comprises a collecting box I (30), a collecting box II (31), a collecting box III (32), a collecting box IV (33) and a collecting box V (34), wherein the collecting box I (30), the collecting box II (31), the collecting box III (32), the collecting box IV (33) and the collecting box V (34) are sequentially arranged below the sealed box body (26) along the blowing air flow direction of the air holes of the air pipe column (29);
the electric control box (6) is arranged on one side of the collecting box V (34), and the vibration motor I (11), the vibration motor II (19), the microprocessor (25) and the air pump (7) are electrically connected with the electric control box (6) through cables.
2. The coffee bean grader of claim 1, wherein: hopper installation component (10) are including nylon dish I, nylon dish II, spring I, bolt II, nylon rope I, nylon dish I is fixed to be set up on the top of spring I, nylon dish II is fixed to be set up in the bottom of spring I, nylon dish I passes through bolt I and hopper (9) top fixed connection, nylon dish II is connected with the top of frame I (8) through bolt II, the nylon rope is fixed the top in frame I (8) with the winding of hopper (9) top.
3. The coffee bean grader of claim 1, wherein: vibration bed coupling assembling (18) are including nylon dish III, nylon dish IV, spring II, bolt III, bolt IV, nylon rope II, nylon dish III is fixed to be set up on the top of spring II, nylon dish IV is fixed to be set up in the bottom of spring II, nylon dish III passes through the bottom fixed connection of bolt II with vibration bed main part (17), nylon dish IV passes through bolt II to be connected with the top of frame II (16), the nylon rope is fixed the top at frame II (16) with vibration bed main part (17) bottom winding.
4. The coffee bean grader of claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the side wall of the gas pipe column (29) is provided with double exhaust holes in the horizontal direction, and the included angle between the double exhaust holes and the axis of the gas pipe column is 13 degrees.
5. The coffee bean grader of claim 4, wherein: two ends of the gas pipe column (29) are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the frame II (16) through clamping rings.
6. The coffee bean grading method is characterized in that the coffee beans are raw coffee beans, are graded according to the grain sizes of the coffee beans, and are graded by a coffee bean grading machine, and the coffee bean grading method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) coffee beans are added into a hopper of a feeding part, primary screening is realized under the vibration of a vibration motor I, primarily screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen I at the bottom of the hopper and enter a dopant outlet, the dopants fall into a dopant collector I through the dopant outlet under the action of gravity, and the primarily screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen I and enter a vibrating bed main body of a homogenizing screening part through a discharge port of the hopper under the action of the vibration and the gravity of the vibration motor I;
(2) the primary screened coffee beans in the vibrating bed main body of the homogenizing screening part are accurately screened under the vibration of a vibrating motor II, the accurately screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen II at the bottom of the vibrating bed main body, the dopants fall into a dopant collector II under the action of gravity, the accurately screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen II and are distributed into S-shaped curve tracks at the top end of the bottom plate screen II under the vibration and gravity action of the vibrating motor II, and the single row of coffee beans sequentially move in the single S-shaped curve track;
(3) the coffee beans reach the tail end of the S-shaped curve track, a photoelectric sensor transmits detected coffee bean position signals to a microprocessor, the microprocessor controls a CCD camera of a grading part to acquire image information of the coffee beans at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track, a light supplement lamp supplements light for the process of acquiring coffee bean images at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track by the CCD camera, the CCD camera transmits the acquired coffee bean images to the microprocessor, the microprocessor performs binarization processing on the coffee bean images to obtain binarization processing images, a minimum external rectangle method is adopted to obtain the fruit diameter width d of the coffee beans, and the coffee beans are divided into five grades of d being more than or equal to 6.5mm, d being more than or equal to 6.0mm, d being more than or equal to 5.5mm, d being more than or equal to 5.0mm and d being less than 5.0mm according to the fruit diameter width d of the coffee beans; the microprocessor calculates and processes the classification information and gravity of the coffee beans to obtain the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans, and then converts the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans into the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve;
(4) the microprocessor controls the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve in the air blowing part, and the air in the air pipe column blows the coffee beans falling from the S-shaped curve track of the coffee beans into the collection box of the grade of the coffee beans in the material receiving part.
7. The coffee bean grading method is characterized in that coffee beans are roasted coffee beans, are graded according to the colors of the roasted coffee beans, and are graded by a coffee bean grading machine, and the coffee bean grading method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) coffee beans are added into a hopper of a feeding part, primary screening is realized under the vibration of a vibration motor I, primarily screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen I at the bottom of the hopper and enter a dopant outlet, the dopants fall into a dopant collector I through the dopant outlet under the action of gravity, and the primarily screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen I and enter a vibrating bed main body of a homogenizing screening part through a discharge port of the hopper under the action of the vibration and the gravity of the vibration motor I;
(2) the primary screened coffee beans in the vibrating bed main body of the homogenizing screening part are accurately screened under the vibration of a vibrating motor II, the accurately screened dopants pass through a bottom plate screen II at the bottom of the vibrating bed main body, the dopants fall into a dopant collector II under the action of gravity, the accurately screened coffee beans are left above the bottom plate screen II and are distributed into S-shaped curve tracks at the top end of the bottom plate screen II under the vibration and gravity action of the vibrating motor II, and the single row of coffee beans sequentially move in the single S-shaped curve track;
(3) the coffee beans reach the tail end of the S-shaped curve track, a photoelectric sensor transmits detected coffee bean position signals to a microprocessor, the microprocessor controls a CCD camera of a grading part to acquire image information of the coffee beans at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track, a light supplement lamp supplements light for the process of acquiring coffee bean images at the outlet of the S-shaped curve track by the CCD camera, the CCD camera transmits the acquired coffee bean images to the microprocessor, the microprocessor constructs the coffee bean images into an RGB color space model, then converts the RGB color space model into an HSV model, and selects a V component in the HSV model as a color characteristic value set of the coffee beans; obtaining pixel threshold by using basic global threshold method
According to coffee bean pixel threshold
Dividing coffee beans into light roasted beans
Moderately baked beans
Deep-baked beans
Three grades; the microprocessor calculates and processes the classification information and gravity of the coffee beans to obtain the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans, and then converts the thrust of the air tube column of the air blowing part to the coffee beans into the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve;
(4) the microprocessor controls the opening and closing degree of the electromagnetic valve in the air blowing part, and the air in the air pipe column blows the coffee beans falling from the S-shaped curve track of the coffee beans into the collection box of the grade of the coffee beans in the material receiving part.
8. The coffee bean grading method of claim 7, wherein the method of converting the RGB color space model into the HSV model comprises the steps of:
(1) the three components of the RGB color space model are R, G and B respectively, the maximum value of R, G, B components is T1, and the minimum value of R, G, B components is T2;
(2) the RGB color space model is converted into HSV model: the value of H in the HSV model is as follows: when T1-T2, H-0 °; when T1 ≧ R and G ≧ B, H ═ 60 ° (G-B)/(T1-T2); when T1 ═ R and G < B, H ═ 60 ° (G-B)/(T1-T2) +360 °; when T1 ═ G, H ═ 60 ° (B-R)/(T1-T2) +120 °; when T1 ═ B, H ═ 60 ° (R-G)/(T1-T2) +240 °; the value of S is: when T1 is 0, S is 0; when T1 ≠ 0, S ═ T1-T2)/T1; the values of V are: v ═ T1;
(3) and selecting the V component in the HSV model as the color characteristic value set of the coffee beans.
9. The coffee bean grading method of claim 7, characterized in that the method for obtaining the pixel threshold by the basic global threshold method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) randomly selecting a V component value from the color characteristic value set of the coffee beans as an initial estimation value G;
(2) using the initial estimate G to segment the set of color feature values of the coffee beans into a set G1 and a set G2, wherein the set G1 consists of pixels larger than the initial estimate G and the set G2 consists of pixels smaller than the initial estimate G;
(3) calculating an average pixel value G1 of the average pixel values of the set G1; calculating an average pixel value G2 of the pixel set G2;
(4) the average value of the average pixel value G1 and the average pixel value G2 is used as the calculation threshold G31＝(g1+g2)/2；
(5) The threshold value G3 will be calculated1Replacing the initial estimated value G in the step (2), repeating the steps (2) to (4) n-1 times to obtain a calculated threshold G3nThen, the threshold G3 is calculatednReplacing the initial estimate G3 of step (2)n-1Sequentially carrying out the steps (2) to (4) to obtain a calculated threshold value G3n+1When G3n+1-G3nWhen equal to 0, G3nI.e. the pixel threshold
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| CN109886948A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-14 | 郭子昂 | Gangue identification and automatic sorting method, storage medium, electronic equipment |
| CN111085456B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-07-06 | 宿州市创新生态农业科技有限公司 | Corn sorter and sorting method thereof |
| CN113828520A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-24 | 北京新阳高科技有限责任公司 | Sorting, baking, subpackaging and marking method for coffee beans |
| CN116140207A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-23 | 湖南省宝庆农产品进出口有限公司 | Automatic vibrating feeder for lily |
| CN114887884B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-11-17 | 云南农业大学 | Quick hierarchical sieving mechanism of coffee |
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