CN109258432B - Annual cultivation method of potted curcuma alismatifolia - Google Patents
Annual cultivation method of potted curcuma alismatifolia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of curcuma alismatifolia cultivation, and particularly relates to a potted curcuma alismatifolia annual cultivation method. Aiming at the problems that the quality of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia planted by the bulbs is poor and the pot flowers cannot be supplied all the year round, the invention provides a method for cultivating the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia all the year round, which comprises the following steps: a. selecting a tissue culture seedling of the curcuma alismatifolia with the height of 5-8 cm, 3-5 leaves and the diameter of the stem of 0.7-1.0 cm, and planting the tissue culture seedling in a flowerpot filled with peat media; b. keeping the air temperature at 22-32 ℃, the air humidity at 60-70%, the illumination intensity at 20000-40000 Lux, and the illumination time at least 12 h; c. when the main buds of the curcuma alismatifolia grow to 16-20cm, irrigating a paclobutrazol solution to control the plant height; d. and (3) applying fertilizer regularly and killing insects conventionally to obtain the curcuma alismatifolia seedlings with the plant height of 35-45 cm. The method can produce high-quality potted curcuma alismatifolia in a batch and standardized manner under the coordination condition of various growth factors so as to meet the market demand, and has important practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of curcuma alismatifolia cultivation, and particularly relates to a potted curcuma alismatifolia annual cultivation method.
Background
The Hedychium zingiberensis (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.) belongs to Curcuma (Curcuma L) of Zingiberaceae, is a perennial thermogenic herb bulbous flower, is native to Thailand Qingmai zone, and is mainly used as a flower for Buddhism. The pink bracteal sheet is exactly like lotus and is a ginger family, so it is called as ginger lotus. The Hemerocallis zingiberensis is in spike inflorescence, the bract on the upper part is peach red broad egg-shaped sterile bract, the green bract on the lower part is honeycomb-shaped green bract, purple white florets are contained in the bract, and the Hemerocallis zingiberensis is fond of warm and humid climate with sufficient sunlight in the growing period.
The curcuma alismatifolia is a new flower variety introduced in recent years in China, and the planting mode of the curcuma alismatifolia is mainly a seedball planting mode. At present, the research on the aspects of the growth habit, the cultivation mode, the cut flower preservation, the tissue culture and the like of the curcuma alismatifolia seedball is more in China, but the problems of the degradation of the overall performance of the plant, the shortening of the pedicel, the darkening of the flower color, the accumulation of diseases and the like are caused by the repeated planting of the curcuma alismatifolia seedball, so that the quality of the cut flower is influenced, the transportation is not facilitated, and the market supply of the curcuma alismatifolia is influenced. On the other hand, the natural flowering phase of the curcuma alismatifolia is 6-10 months, annual supply is difficult to realize, and market requirements cannot be met.
Therefore, how to improve the quality of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia and realize annual supply is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problem that the pot flowers of the existing seedball planting curcuma alismatifolia have poor quality and cannot be supplied all the year round.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps: provides a method for cultivating the potted curcuma alismatifolia all the year round. The method comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a tissue culture seedling of the curcuma alismatifolia with the height of 5-8 cm, 3-5 leaves and the diameter of the stem of 0.7-1.0 cm, and planting the tissue culture seedling in a flowerpot filled with peat media;
b. keeping the air temperature at 22-32 ℃, the air humidity at 60-70%, the illumination intensity at 20000-40000 Lux, and the illumination time at least 12 h;
c. when the main buds of the curcuma alismatifolia grow to 16-20cm, irrigating a paclobutrazol solution to control the plant height;
d. and (3) applying fertilizer regularly and killing insects conventionally to obtain the curcuma alismatifolia seedlings with the plant height of 35-45 cm.
In the annual cultivation method of the curcuma alismatifolia potted flower, the tissue culture seedling variety of the curcuma alismatifolia in the step a is lucky Splash.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating the pot flower of curcuma alismatifolia all the year round, the tissue culture seedling of curcuma alismatifolia in the step a is provided by eister plant horticulture (shanghai) ltd.
In the annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia, the peat in the step a has the grain diameter of 20-40 mm.
In the annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia, the plant spacing in the field planting of the step a is kept to be 2-3 cm.
In the annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia, when the illumination intensity in the step b is less than 20000Lux, a high-pressure sodium lamp is adopted for manual light supplement.
Furthermore, the high-pressure sodium lamp is 220V and has power of 600-15000 w.
Further, the high-pressure sodium lamp install and plant 3 ~ 4 meters high above the seedbed and plant the plane, the interval is 2 ~ 4 meters, the row spacing is 3 ~ 5 meters.
In the annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia, the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution in the step c is 3000-5000 times. Further, the paclobutrazol is 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder produced by Sichuan national Guanguang agricultural chemical company Limited.
In the annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia, the using amount of the paclobutrazol solution in the step c is 150-200 mL/plant.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating the pot flower of curcuma alismatifolia annually, the paclobutrazol solution in the step c is 3000 times of 200 mL/plant or 5000 times of 150 mL/plant.
In the annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia, the specific measures for fertilizing in the step d are as follows: in the vegetative growth period, fertilizing once every 2 days, fertilizing for 3 times as a cycle, and fertilizing in each cycle in sequence of 'A fertilizer water-B fertilizer water'; the fertilizer A is prepared by dissolving 1.2kg of fertilizer A in cubic water, and the fertilizer A is prepared by mixing 20-20-20 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1; the fertilizer B is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgB fertilizers in cubic water, and is prepared from CaNO3、KNO3And 6 wt% of chelated iron (FeDTPA) in a weight ratio of 34:5: 1.
Further, the fertilizer A also comprises at least one microelement of Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn or Co.
And d, the specific measures of fertilization in the step d are as follows: when a plant bud is formed, fertilizing once every 3 days, fertilizing for 3 times is a cycle, and the fertilizing sequence in each cycle is 'C fertilizer water-clear water-C fertilizer water'; the fertilizer C is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgC fertilizers in cubic water; the fertilizer C is prepared by mixing 9-45-15 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
Further, the C fertilizer also comprises at least one microelement of Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn or Co.
Wherein, the fertilization mode is as follows: the container is placed at the bottom of the flowerpot, the fertilizer water is quantitatively poured into the container, and the fertilizer liquid is transmitted into the medium upper part medium through the medium at the bottom of the flowerpot.
In the annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia, the specific mode of the insecticidal management in the step d is as follows: when thrips harm occurs, spraying 2000-3000 times of spinetoram suspension with the content of 60 g/L; spraying once again after 7 days; when aphid damage occurs, 3000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder with the content of 10 percent is sprayed to prevent and control aphid, and the imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed once again after 7 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the tissue culture seedlings of the curcuma alismatifolia are adopted, the environmental temperature, the humidity and the illumination are reasonably controlled within a proper range, the seedlings of the curcuma alismatifolia are dwarfed by adding the paclobutrazol solution, and the seedlings of the curcuma alismatifolia are periodically subjected to insect killing and sterilization to jointly obtain the annual cultivation method of the potted curcuma alismatifolia. The method can produce high-quality potted curcuma alismatifolia in a batch and standardized manner under the coordination condition of various growth factors so as to meet the market demand, and has important practical significance.
Detailed Description
In order to obtain the technical scheme of the invention, the inventor carries out the following screening experiment:
screening experiment 1 tissue culture seedling of curcuma alismatifolia and contrast experiment of planting seed ball of curcuma alismatifolia
The test time is 2017 for 3 months, and the test base is a greenhouse of Panzhili new garden technology company Limited. The experimental tissue culture seedling is a good luck Splash of the curcuma alismatifolia variety.
The specific process is as follows:
(1) substrate and flowerpot: peat with the specification of 20-40 mm and a 15cm double-color flowerpot are used by Denmark Denshopu, and two tissue culture seedlings are planted in each pot at the distance of 2-3 cm. Two seed balls are planted in each pot, and the distance between plants is 2-3 cm. The height of the tissue culture seedling is 5-8 cm, the number of leaves is 3-5, and the diameter of the stem is 0.7-1.0 cm; the diameter of the ball is 1.2-1.6 cm.
(2) Temperature management: the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 22-32 ℃, when the temperature at night is lower than 22 ℃, a boiler water heating system is started to heat the air of the greenhouse, and the room temperature is kept to 22 ℃. When the temperature is higher than 32 ℃ in the daytime, at least one of a fan water curtain cooling system, a sunshade net or a high-pressure micro-spraying humidifying system is started for cooling.
(3) Humidity management: the air humidity is controlled to be 60% -70%, when the air humidity is continuously higher than 80%, because the environmental temperature is continuously maintained at 22 ℃ -32 ℃, the high-temperature and high-humidity condition is favorable for generation and transmission of fungal diseases, and at the moment, an internal circulation fan system needs to be started to enhance air circulation to reduce the possibility of disease generation. And when the humidity of the air is lower than 60%, starting the high-pressure micro-jet humidifying system for humidifying.
(4) And (3) water and fertilizer management:
water content management: after the tissue culture seedlings are planted, clear water is thoroughly watered once, and the tissue culture seedlings are managed according to the fertilization mode on the 7 th day after being planted; and (3) thoroughly watering the seed balls once after planting, and when the surface of the matrix is dry, thoroughly watering the seed balls again, and when the sprouts emerge, managing according to the following fertilization mode.
Fertilization management:
in the vegetative growth period, fertilizing once every 2 days, fertilizing for 3 times as a cycle, and fertilizing in each cycle in sequence of 'A fertilizer water-B fertilizer water'; the fertilizer A is prepared by dissolving 1.2kg of fertilizer A in cubic water, and the fertilizer A is prepared by mixing 20-20-20 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1; the fertilizer B is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgB fertilizers in cubic water, and is prepared from CaNO3、KNO3And 6 wt% of chelated iron (FeDTPA) in a weight ratio of 34:5: 1. The fertilizer A also comprises at least one microelement of Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn or Co.
When a plant bud is formed, fertilizing once every 3 days, fertilizing for 3 times is a cycle, and the fertilizing sequence in each cycle is 'C fertilizer water-clear water-C fertilizer water'; the fertilizer C is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgC fertilizers in cubic water; the fertilizer C is prepared by mixing 9-45-15 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1. The C fertilizer also comprises at least one microelement of Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn or Co.
(5) And (3) pest control: when thrips harm occurs, spraying 2000-3000 times of spinetoram suspension with the content of 60 g/L; spraying once again after 7 days; when aphid damage occurs, 3000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder with the content of 10 percent is sprayed to prevent and control aphid, and the imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed once again after 7 days.
After the test, the growth cycle of the zingiber officinale roscoe, the number of branches, the flowering amount, the diameter of the stem, the leaf length and leaf width of the largest leaf, the number of leaves, the height difference between the highest branch and the lowest branch (hereinafter abbreviated as height difference), and the like were measured in the full-bloom stage (the end-product stage, which can be marketed) to obtain the results shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 statistical table of planting data of tissue culture seedlings and seed balls of curcuma alismatifolia
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that: the height difference data of the seed ball group is far higher than that of the tissue culture seedling group, which indicates that the type of the obtained curcuma alismatifolia is poor and the ornamental value is poor when the seed balls are adopted for planting. The production period of the tissue culture seedlings is saved by 45 days relative to the seed balls, which means that more products can be produced in the same time to create more benefits, and the production cost is obviously reduced. In three indexes of branch number, flowering quantity and leaf number, the data of the tissue culture seedlings are better, and the plant type of the product is full and has more ornamental value. Therefore, compared with seedball seedling, the tissue culture seedling is adopted for seedling culture, the curcuma alismatifolia with vigorous growth, strong tillering capability, short growth period and good flowering consistency can be obtained, and the ornamental performance is better.
However, in the curcuma alismatifolia which adopts the tissue culture seedling for seedling culture, the plant height is generally 30-65 cm, and the plant height of the curcuma alismatifolia which is generally accepted in the market is generally 35-45 cm. In order to obtain a ginger lotus with a suitable strain height, the inventors carried out screening test 2.
Screening test 2 Effect of different treatment methods on the height of Hemerocallis zingiberensis plants
Irrigating the curcuma alismatifolia with paclobutrazol solution, wherein the concentration of paclobutrazol is set as follows: a1: 3000 times, A2:5000 times, A3:7000 times; the time for pouring the paclobutrazol solution is set as follows: b1, growing the main bud to 12cm, B2, growing the main bud to 16cm, B3, growing the main bud to 20 cm; the dose of the paclobutrazol solution is set as follows: 150ml of C1, 200ml of C1 and 250ml of C1.
Each group was made of 10 pots of curcuma alismatifolia, and the specific seedlings of curcuma alismatifolia were cultivated by the method of cultivating seedlings in screening experiment 1, and by watering paclobutrazol solutions with different concentrations and different dosages when the main buds grew to 12cm, 16cm and 20cm, respectively, and measuring the height of the curcuma alismatifolia plants in the full-bloom stage (the end product stage, which can be marketed), the results shown in table 2 below were obtained.
TABLE 2 influence of different treatment methods on the height (cm) of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe plants
From the results of table 2, it can be seen that: when the main bud of the curcuma alismatifolia grows to 16-20cm, the paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 3000-.
In the process of growing seedlings of tissue culture seedlings of zingiber officinale roscoe by the inventors, it was found that leaf spot and stem rot easily appear in flowerpots with the substrate surface being in a wet state for a long time, and therefore, the inventors carried out screening test 3.
Screening test 3 Effect of different Water and Fertilizer management on the seedling raising of Hedychium spicatum
The test group is characterized in that a container is placed at the bottom of a flowerpot, fertilizer water is quantitatively poured into the container, and fertilizer liquid is transmitted to the medium-upper substrate through the substrate at the bottom of the flowerpot. The comparison group adopts irrigation and fertilization. The test group is indicated by D, the control group by E and the amount of rich water by F.
Wherein F1: 200ml of fertilizer liquid, and 1cm of the surface of the substrate is kept dry for a long time in a mode of transmitting water at the bottom; f2: 250ml of fertilizer liquid, the surface of the substrate is kept moist by a mode of water transmission at the bottom, and no water is accumulated at the bottom of the container; f3: 300ml of fertilizer liquid, the surface of the substrate is kept moist by a mode of water transmission at the bottom, and a small amount of water is accumulated at the bottom of the container. Each processing 100 pots. The production management process was the same as screening test 1 except for the watering pattern. The affected plants were measured at the full-bloom stage (finishing stage, commercially available) and the results shown in table 3 below were obtained.
TABLE 3 Effect of watering pattern on plant susceptibility
| F1 | F2 | F3 | |
| D | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| E | 3 | 7 | 12 |
From the results of table 3, it can be seen that: the probability of plant diseases can be effectively reduced by pouring a proper amount of fertilizer water, and the substrate surface is maintained in a dry state by pouring the fertilizer water into the container, so that healthy plants can be cultivated.
In order to obtain a green leaf and vigorous growing seedlings of zingiber officinale roscoe, the inventors carried out a screening test 4.
Screening test 4 Effect of different illumination conditions on the seedling of Hedychium spicatum
The test was performed in a dark environment by an artificial light source. The gradient of the illumination time was set to H, H1: 10 hours, H2: 12 hours, H3: 14 hours, H4: for 16 hours. The gradient of the illumination intensity is set as I, and is I1: 10000Lux, I2: 20000Lux, I3: 30000Lux, I4: 40000 Lux. The gradient of the fill-in light mode is set to J, which is J1: continuous light application, J2: light was given every 1 hour interval. Each combination was tested using 100 pots of zingiber officinale roscoe.
Whether the plants can normally produce, the number of branches, the flowering amount and the like are determined in the test process, and the average values are compared and analyzed to obtain the results shown in the following table 4. In the table, "yes" indicates that the plant can grow normally, and "no" indicates that the plant cannot grow normally.
TABLE 4 influence of different light treatment methods on the seedling growth of Zingiber officinale Roscoe
| H1J1 | H1J2 | H2J1 | H2J2 | H3J1 | H4J1 | |
| I1 | Whether or not | Whether or not | Whether or not | Whether or not | Whether or not | Whether or not |
| I2 | Is that | Whether or not | Is that | Whether or not | Is that | Is that |
| I3 | Is that | Whether or not | Is that | Whether or not | Is that | Is that |
| I4 | Is that | Whether or not | Is that | Whether or not | Is that | Is that |
Since only 24 hours a day, and only H1J2 and H2J2 were achieved with 1 hour interval of light, H3J2 and H4J2 were considered consistent with the H2J2 results.
From the results of group I1 in table 4, it can be seen that: when the illumination intensity is 10000Lux, the normal demand of the plant cannot be met no matter how the illumination is given, and the curcuma alismatifolia cannot grow normally, which indicates that the curcuma alismatifolia at least needs to sustain the illumination above 20000Lux for normal growth.
From the results of the groups H1 and H2, it was found that when the illumination time was less than 12 hours, it was necessary to maintain the illumination at 20000Lux or more to ensure the normal growth of the seedlings of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and that when the illumination was interrupted, the Zingiber officinale Roscoe could not grow normally even if the illumination intensity reached 40000 Lux.
From the results of the groups H3 and H4, it was found that when the duration of the light irradiation reached 12 hours or more, the normal growth of the curcuma alismatifolia could be ensured as long as the light irradiation intensity was 20000Lux or more, regardless of whether the light irradiation was continued.
In conclusion, to ensure the normal growth of the curcuma alismatifolia, the illumination intensity is 20000 to 40000Lux, and the illumination time is more than or equal to 12 hours.
The number of branches, flowering amount and leaf thickness of the curcuma alismatifolia plant which can normally grow are analyzed, and specific results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 influence of different light conditions on the seedling of Zingiber officinale Roscoe.
| H1I2 | H1I3 | H1I4 | H2I2 | H2I3 | H2I4 | H3I1 | H3I2 | H3I4 | H4I2 | H4I3 | H4I4 | |
| Number of branches (branch) | 8.5 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 13.5 |
| Flowering amount (count) | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.4 |
| Blade width (cm) | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 |
From the results of table 5, it can be seen that: the number of branches and the flowering quantity of the curcuma alismatifolia increase along with the increase of the illumination intensity and the illumination duration, are in positive correlation, and have no obvious influence on the leaf width.
However, because the cost of artificial supplementary lighting is high, the lighting intensity of the lighting source for 12 hours and 20000Lux is guaranteed to have obvious economic benefits, and the artificial supplementary lighting can be comprehensively considered.
The illumination intensity of the artificial supplementary lighting can be controlled to be 30000-40000 Lux, and the effect of gaining the product quality is achieved.
The artificial light filling adopts high-pressure sodium lamp (220V, 600 ~ 15000w) as the light source of artificial light filling, installs at the height that is higher than 3 ~ 4 meters of seedbed planting plane, and interval 2 ~ 4 meters, row spacing 3 ~ 5 meters, under the condition that does not have natural light source, the illumination intensity of 20000Lux is ensured at least at the plant top.
Through screening experiment 4, it can be seen that the demand of the curcuma alismatifolia on the illumination has the following characteristics:
when the illumination intensity is lower than 10000Lux or the light is supplemented at intervals of 1 hour, the curcuma alismatifolia can not grow normally; under the condition of continuous supplementary lighting, the illumination intensity is higher than 20000Lux, and the curcuma alismatifolia can normally grow for more than 10 hours.
The invention provides a method for cultivating potted curcuma alismatifolia all the year round, which comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a tissue culture seedling of the curcuma alismatifolia with the height of 5-8 cm, 3-5 leaves and the diameter of the stem of 0.7-1.0 cm, and planting the tissue culture seedling in a flowerpot filled with peat media;
b. keeping the air temperature at 22-32 ℃, the air humidity at 60-70%, the illumination intensity at 20000-40000 Lux, and the illumination time at least 12 h;
c. when the main buds of the curcuma alismatifolia grow to 16-20cm, irrigating a paclobutrazol solution to control the plant height;
d. and (3) applying fertilizer regularly and killing insects conventionally to obtain the curcuma alismatifolia seedlings with the plant height of 35-45 cm.
According to the method, the tissue culture seedlings of the curcuma alismatifolia are selected for cultivation, the seedling cultivation time can be saved, the number of flowering branches, the flowering amount and the leaf number of the finally obtained curcuma alismatifolia pot are better, the plant type is better, and the method is more suitable for production of the curcuma alismatifolia pot.
In addition, the special temperature, humidity and illumination management of the invention is matched, and the paclobutrazol is applied at specific time to jointly promote the vigorous growth and good plant type of the curcuma alismatifolia pot flower.
The invention also particularly discloses a fertilizing method suitable for the production of the potted curcuma alismatifolia, wherein in the vegetative growth period, the fertilizer is applied once every 2 days, 3 times of fertilizer application are performed in one cycle, and the fertilizing sequence in each cycle is 'A fertilizer water-B fertilizer water'; the fertilizer A is prepared by dissolving 1.2kg of fertilizer A in cubic water, and the fertilizer A is prepared by mixing 20-20-20 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1; the fertilizer B is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgB fertilizers in cubic water, and is prepared from CaNO3、KNO3And 6 wt% of chelated iron (FeDTPA) in a weight ratio of 34:5: 1.
The fertilizer A N, P, K selected by the invention has balanced nutrition, is rich in various trace elements, and can meet the basic requirements of plants on nutrition. The magnesium sulfate can supplement magnesium fertilizer without providing nitrogen fertilizer, and the magnesium is a chlorophyll composition and an activator of various enzymes and can promote plant growth and development.
The calcium nitrate in the B fertilizer selected by the invention is mixed with the fertilizer containing phosphorus and sulfur to generate precipitation and reduce the fertilizer efficiency, and the calcium and the chelated iron can improve the resistance of plants when the calcium nitrate and the fertilizer are used separately.
According to the invention, the fertilizer A and the fertilizer B are applied in a crossed manner, the fertilizer A is taken as a main body, and the fertilizer B is taken as a supplement, so that a good fertilizing effect can be ensured, the precipitation caused by the mixing of the A, B fertilizers can be avoided, and the fertilizer efficiency is reduced.
When a plant bud is formed, fertilizing once every 3 days, fertilizing for 3 times is a cycle, and the fertilizing sequence in each cycle is 'C fertilizer water-clear water-C fertilizer water'; the fertilizer C is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgC fertilizers in cubic water; the fertilizer C is prepared by mixing 9-45-15 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
The phosphorus content of the fertilizer C selected by the invention is higher than that of nitrogen and potassium, the vegetative growth of plants can be slowed down, and the phosphate fertilizer can promote flower buds to differentiate to form flower buds. When the fertilizer C is applied, the circulation sequence of 'fertilizer C water-clear water-fertilizer C water' is adopted, because the soluble fertilizer is applied to the curcuma alismatifolia in the whole growth period, the fertilizer water poured into the matrix can not be completely absorbed by the plants, and more fertilizers are remained in the matrix. And clear water is adopted for spraying, so that the damage to plants, especially the damage (fertilizer damage) to root systems, caused by excessive fertilizer accumulation in the matrix is avoided.
The production management of the potted curcuma alismatifolia is systematic work, and the occurrence of diseases can be effectively prevented and controlled and the product quality can be improved only by closely matching each link, so that the large-scale, batch and annual planting targets are achieved. Therefore, the mass, standardized and high-quality potted flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia are provided for the market, so that the stage of the market for blooming after the spring festival is over is filled, and the annual production is realized. Through the 4 screening tests, the inventor obtains the seedling raising method suitable for annual production of the curcuma alismatifolia.
The following examples are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention without limiting the scope of the invention to the examples.
Example the method of the invention is adopted to cultivate the curcuma alismatifolia
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) substrate and flowerpot: peat with the specification of 20-40 mm and a 15cm double-color flowerpot are used by Denmark Denshopu, and two tissue culture seedlings are planted in each pot at the distance of 2-3 cm. The height of the tissue culture seedling is 5-8 cm, the number of leaves is 3-5, the diameter of the stem is 0.7-1.0 cm, and 100 pots are planted.
(2) Temperature management: the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 22-32 ℃, when the temperature at night is lower than 22 ℃, a boiler water heating system is started to heat the air of the greenhouse, and the room temperature is kept to 22 ℃. And when the temperature is higher than 32 ℃ in the daytime, the fan water curtain cooling system is started to cool.
(3) Humidity management: the air humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, when the air humidity is continuously higher than 80%, because the environmental temperature is continuously maintained at 22-32 ℃, the high-temperature and high-humidity condition is favorable for generation and propagation of fungal diseases, and at the moment, an internal circulation fan system needs to be started to enhance air circulation to reduce the possibility of disease generation. And when the humidity of the air is lower than 60%, starting the high-pressure micro-jet humidifying system for humidifying.
(4) When the main buds of the curcuma alismatifolia grow to 16-20cm, irrigating a paclobutrazol solution to control the plant height; paclobutrazol is poured 150 mL/strain with 5000 times concentration.
(5) And (3) water and fertilizer management:
water content management: the tissue culture seedlings are thoroughly watered once after being planted, and the management is carried out on the 7 th day after the planting according to the fertilization mode.
Fertilization management:
in the vegetative growth period, fertilizing once every 2 days, fertilizing for 3 times as a cycle, and fertilizing in each cycle in sequence of 'A fertilizer water-B fertilizer water'; the fertilizer A is prepared by dissolving 1.2kg of fertilizer A in cubic water, and the fertilizer A is prepared by mixing 20-20-20 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1; the fertilizer B is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgB fertilizers in cubic water, and is prepared from CaNO3、KNO3And 6 wt% of chelated iron (FeDTPA) in a weight ratio of 34:5: 1. The fertilizer A is a formula fertilizer provided by Shanghai Yongtong chemical industry Co., Ltd, and comprises the following components: 20% N, 20% P2O5, 20% K2O, and further contains 0.007% Mg, 0.009% B, 0.02% Cu, 0.1% Fe, 0.05% Mn, 0.002% Mo, 0.02% Zn, 0.0005% Co.
When a plant bud is formed, fertilizing once every 3 days, fertilizing for 3 times is a cycle, and the fertilizing sequence in each cycle is 'C fertilizer water-clear water-C fertilizer water'; the fertilizer C is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgC fertilizers in cubic water; the fertilizer C is prepared by mixing 9-45-15 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1. The C fertilizer is a formula fertilizer provided by Shanghai Yongtong chemical engineering Co Ltd, and comprises 9% of N, 45% of P2O5, 15% of K2O, 0.1% of Mg, 0.009% of B, 0.02% of Cu, 0.1% of Fe, 0.05% of Mn, 0.002% of Mo, 0.02% of Zn and 0.0005% of Co.
(6) And (3) pest control: when thrips harm occurs, spraying 2500 times of spinetoram suspension concentrate with the content of 60 g/L; spraying once again after 7 days; when aphid damage occurs, 3000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder with the content of 10 percent is sprayed to prevent and control aphid, and the imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed once again after 7 days.
After the potted curcuma alismatifolia is cultivated for 82-85 days according to the method, the potted curcuma alismatifolia with the plant height of 35-45 cm is obtained. The performance parameters of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe flowers were measured and the results are shown in Table 6 below.
TABLE 6 potted ginger and lotus flower quality determination table
Claims (6)
1. The annual cultivation method of the pot flowers of the curcuma alismatifolia is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a tissue culture seedling of the curcuma alismatifolia with the height of 5-8 cm, 3-5 leaves and the diameter of the stem of 0.7-1.0 cm, and planting the tissue culture seedling in a flowerpot filled with peat media;
b. keeping the air temperature at 22-32 ℃, the air humidity at 60-70%, the illumination intensity at 20000-40000 Lux, and the illumination time at least 12 h; when the illumination intensity is less than 20000Lux, a high-pressure sodium lamp is adopted for manual light supplement; the high-pressure sodium lamp is a 220V high-pressure sodium lamp with the power of 600-15000 w;
c. when the main buds of the curcuma alismatifolia grow to 16-20cm, irrigating a paclobutrazol solution to control the plant height; the concentration of the paclobutrazol solution is 3000-5000 times; the using amount of the paclobutrazol solution is 150-200mL per plant;
d. and (3) applying fertilizer regularly and killing insects conventionally to obtain the curcuma alismatifolia seedlings with the plant height of 35-45 cm.
2. The annual cultivation method of curcuma alismatifolia pot flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the peat obtained in the step a is 20-40 mm.
3. The annual cultivation method of curcuma alismatifolia pot flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a step a, keeping the distance between plants during field planting to be 2-3 cm.
4. The annual cultivation method of curcuma alismatifolia pot flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete measures of the fertilization in the step d are as follows: in the vegetative growth period, fertilizing once every 2 days, fertilizing for 3 times as a cycle, and fertilizing in each cycle in sequence of 'A fertilizer water-B fertilizer water'; the fertilizer A is prepared by dissolving 1.2kg of fertilizer A in cubic water, and the fertilizer A is prepared by mixing 20-20-20 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1; the fertilizer B is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgB fertilizers in cubic water, and is prepared from CaNO3、KNO3And 6 wt% of chelated iron (FeDTPA) in a weight ratio of 34:5: 1.
5. The annual cultivation method of curcuma alismatifolia pot flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete measures of the fertilization in the step d are as follows: when a plant bud is formed, fertilizing once every 3 days, fertilizing for 3 times is a cycle, and the fertilizing sequence in each cycle is 'C fertilizer water-clear water-C fertilizer water'; the fertilizer C is prepared by dissolving 1.2kgC fertilizers in cubic water; the fertilizer C is prepared by mixing 9-45-15 of formula fertilizer and magnesium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 9: 1.
6. The annual cultivation method of curcuma alismatifolia pot flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete measures of the fertilization in the step d are as follows: when thrips harm occurs, spraying 2000-3000 times of spinetoram suspension with the content of 60 g/L; spraying once again after 7 days; when aphid damage occurs, 3000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder with the content of 10 percent is sprayed to prevent and control aphid, and the imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed once again after 7 days.
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