CN109256023A - A kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model - Google Patents

A kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model Download PDF

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CN109256023A
CN109256023A CN201811434681.7A CN201811434681A CN109256023A CN 109256023 A CN109256023 A CN 109256023A CN 201811434681 A CN201811434681 A CN 201811434681A CN 109256023 A CN109256023 A CN 109256023A
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周欣
谢军帅
李海东
孙献平
叶朝辉
韩叶清
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Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of measurement methods of pulmonary airways microstructure model, collect inert gas, obtain the location information of imaging object lung, inert gas is drawn into lung by imaging object, obtain the initial data of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object, the initial data of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging is handled according to nonlinear iteration algorithm for reconstructing, obtain the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal S of more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object, nonlinear fitting, which is carried out, according to more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal S and more diffusion sensitized factor b obtains the radius r and outer radius R of alveolar passages.Pulmonary airways microstructure model space filling of the invention is close, meets the Topological property of lung's micro-structure.Can it is noninvasive obtain lung multiple microstructure parameters, convenient for lung carry out thoroughly evaluating.

Description

A kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model
Technical field
The present invention relates to mr imaging technique fields, and in particular to a kind of measurement side of pulmonary airways microstructure model Method.Suitable for using hyperpolarized gas as the pulmonary airways disease research of the magnetic resonance imaging of contrast agent, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Disease, asthma, molecular image etc..
Background technique
Lung is the main respiratory apparatus of human body, and physiological status influences the health status of human body.Clinically used lung Imageological examination includes rabat, CT, radio nuclide imaging (SPECT, PET) etc., but these methods all have ionising radiation or radiation Property, it is not suitable for frequently checking in a short time.Magnetic resonance imaging (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI) is without ionization spoke Human body most tissues and organ can be imaged in penetrating property or radioactivity.But lung is cavity structure, water proton is close Degree is that musculature is about 1000 times low, therefore lung is blind area in magnetic resonance imaging.Traditional magnetic resonance imaging is according to sample In observing nuclear core is occurred by the excitation of radio-frequency pulse (radio frequency pulse, RF pulse) in magnetic field The phenomenon that magnetic resonance, is spatially encoded sample using gradient coil, and the magnetic for receiving sample generation using electronic system is total Shake signal, is carried out Spectrum Conversion, reconstructs magnetic resonance image.Conventional MRI is chiefly used in the H atom in water or lipid.It is right In intert-gas atoms, the method for usually utilizing spin-exchangeing optical pumping, so that magnetization vector when its thermal nonequilibrium is much higher than Stable state, i.e. inert gas core obtain higher polarizability, and this method is known as hyperpolarized gas technology.H gas and inert gas At room temperature, nuclear spin polarization degree is generally 10-6Magnitude, and hyperpolarization techniques can be by the nuclear spin polarization degree of inert gas Increase 4-5 magnitude, to make up the lower factor of atomic density, realizes hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging.This makes lung's magnetic Resonance image-forming is possibly realized.
Lung is mainly made of pulmonary parenchyma and interstitial lung.Pulmonary parenchyma mainly includes bronchus and alveolar at different levels, with bronchus grade Number increases, and the topological structure of pulmonary airways levels off to two-dimensional structure.Weibel etc. proposes one based on the information that lung tissue is sliced Kind of lung's bronchus model (Weibel model), the model think lung acinus by cylindrical alveolar passages and are wrapped in alveolar and lead to Alveolar around road is constituted, which can preferably explain pulmonary airways microstructure change caused by pulmonary lesion.In hyperpolarization In the magnetic resonance imaging of gas lung, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion-weighted MRI, DWI) can be used for characterizing Pulmonary airways Microstructure Information.Wherein the pulmonary airways microstructure model based on DWI includes Q-space model, DKI model, single chamber Model, cylinder model etc..Wherein cylinder model is based on Weibel model and further develops, and can extract pulmonary airways micro-structure The parameters such as internal diameter, outer diameter, average alveolar length, alveolar surface volume ratio, thus under study for action using more.The model is based on Cylindrical body, topological property determine that its space filling factor is not highest, but the filling of pulmonary airways micro-structure is close, therefore needs Develop a kind of new pulmonary airways microstructure model.
Summary of the invention
Regarding the issue above, the present invention provides a kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model comprising the steps of:
Step 1 collects inert gas, and the inert gas collected saves as gaseous state or solid-state,
Step 2 carries out thoracic cavity proton MR imaging to imaging object, obtains the location information of imaging object lung
Inert gas is drawn into lung by step 3, imaging object,
Step 4, the more diffusion sensitized factor b of setting, the location information pair of the imaging object lung then obtained according to step 2 Imaging object carries out the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of two dimension or three-dimensional more diffusion-sensitives based on lack sampling The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the factor obtains the original of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object Beginning data,
Step 5, the original for the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object that step 4 is obtained Beginning data are handled according to nonlinear iteration algorithm for reconstructing, and the diffusion-weighted magnetic of more diffusion sensitized factors for obtaining imaging object is total Shake imaging measurement signal S, define imaging object the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal S of more diffusion sensitized factors be S (R, R, b),
The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal of more diffusion sensitized factors of step 6, the imaging object that step 5 is obtained S and more diffusion sensitized factor b is according to function S (R, r, b)=exp (- b × DT)×(π/(b×Dan))0.5Pass through nonlinear fitting The radius r and outer radius R of alveolar passages are obtained, wherein Dan=DL-DT, transverse diffusion coeficient DT=a1+a2 × (r/R)+a3 × (r/R)2, longitudinal diffusion coefficient DL=a4 × exp (a5 × (1-r/R)a6), a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 are real number, spread more Sensitive factor b is real number and b >=0.
Step 7, the breathing inside radius r and breathing outer radius R obtained according to step 6, be calculated alveolar depth h, Alveolar length L, alveolar surface area Sa, alveolar volume Va, alveolar density Na, alveolar surface volume ratio SVR and alveolar average line Property intercept Lm, wherein
H=R-r,
L=2 × R/3,
Sa=(14 × (30.5/9)×R-2r)×L+2×(7×30.5/27×R2-pi/6×r2),
Va=7 × (30.5/27)×R2× L,
Na=1/Va,
SVR=Sa/Va,
Lm=4/SVR.
Inert gas as described above is hyperpolarization13C or hyperpolarization3He or hyperpolarization83Kr or hyperpolarization129Xe or super Change131Xe or perfluoropropane or sulfur hexafluoride.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with the existing technology
1, the filling of pulmonary airways microstructure model space is close, meets the Topological property of lung's micro-structure.
2, the noninvasive acquisition lung by way of two dimension or three-dimensional more diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imagings of diffusion sensitized factor Multiple microstructure parameters, convenient for lung carry out thoroughly evaluating.
3, accelerate diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging using the mode of compressed sensing, shorten imaging time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of pulmonary airways microstructure model.Wherein:
(a) be lung acinus simplified model, by intermediate region cylindrical alveolar passages and be wrapped in more outside alveolar passages A alveolar composition, each alveolar are open towards alveolar passages, are separated between alveolar by alveolar wall and interstitial lung.
(b) be single alveolar passages cross-sectional shape, model is by 6 identical regular hexagonal prisms close connection group in a ring At wherein r is alveolar passages inside radius, and h is alveolar depth, and R is alveolar passages outer radius.
(c) be single alveolar passages longitudinal sectional shape, wherein L be single alveolar length.
Fig. 2 is the K spatial sampling template schematic diagram of DWI.Wherein:
It (a) is the K spatial sampling template of the more diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imagings of diffusion sensitized factor of two dimension,
It (b) is the K spatial sampling template of three-dimensional more diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imagings of diffusion sensitized factor.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art understand and implement the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to the present invention make into The detailed description of one step, it should be understood that implementation example described herein is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit The fixed present invention.
A kind of pulmonary airways microstructure model, the same circumferential directions of alveolar passages include 6 identical alveolars, and alveolar is positive six Prism, the axial direction of alveolar passages of axial direction and junction of alveolar is parallel, and same 6 circumferential alveolars are annularly tight The side faceted pebble of close split, alveolar towards alveolar passages is open and is connected to alveolar passages.
The radius for defining alveolar passages is r；Vertical range between the opposite incline face of two of each alveolar is alveolar Depth, definition alveolar depth are h；Alveolar is alveolar length along the length of the axial direction of alveolar passages, defines alveolar length and is L；Defining the sum of radius r of alveolar depth h and alveolar passages is outer radius R.
A kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model comprising the steps of:
Step 1 collects inert gas, using inert gas as contrast agent.It collects obtained inert gas and saves as gaseous state Or solid-state, wherein solid-state is distilled when in use as gaseous state.Inert gas includes hyperpolarization13C or hyperpolarization3He or hyperpolarization83Kr Or hyperpolarization129Xe or hyperpolarization131Xe or perfluoropropane or sulfur hexafluoride etc..
Step 2 carries out thoracic cavity proton MR imaging to imaging object, obtains the location information of imaging object lung.Its mesothorax It is TSE sequence that sequence used, which is imaged, in chamber proton MR.
Inert gas is drawn into lung by step 3, imaging object.Wherein inhalation method includes main trachea cannula sucking or nose Chamber sucking or oral cavity sucking etc..
Step 4, the more diffusion sensitized factor b of setting, the location information pair of the imaging object lung then obtained according to step 2 Imaging object carries out the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of two dimension or three-dimensional more diffusion-sensitives based on lack sampling The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the factor obtains the original of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object Beginning data.
Undersampling trace, area of undersampling trace corresponding K space center are wherein generated according to variable density weighting function at random The sampling density in domain is higher than the sampling density of the corresponding space the K outer region of undersampling trace.
Variable density is carried out in phase-encoding direction when the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of two dimension to owe at random Sampling, the expression formula of variable density weighting function f (x) are as follows: f (x)=(1/ ((2 × π)0.5×σ1))×exp(-((x-M/2)2/(σ1 ×M)2/ 2)), σ in formula1>=0, M, x are positive real number, and M >=x >=1.
When the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of three-dimensional more diffusion sensitized factors phase-encoding direction and select layer coding direction into The random lack sampling of row variable density, the expression formula of variable density weighting function f (x, y) are as follows: f (x, y)=(1/ (2 × π × σ1×σ2))× exp(-((x-M/2)2/(σ1×M)2+(y-N/2)2/(σ2×N)2)/2), σ in formula1>=0, σ2>=0, M, N, x, y are positive real number, And M >=x >=1, N >=y >=1.
Step 5, the original for the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object that step 4 is obtained Beginning data are handled according to nonlinear iteration algorithm for reconstructing, and the diffusion-weighted magnetic of more diffusion sensitized factors for obtaining imaging object is total Shake imaging measurement signal S, define imaging object the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal S of more diffusion sensitized factors be S (R, R, b).
The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal of more diffusion sensitized factors of step 6, the imaging object that step 5 is obtained S and more diffusion sensitized factor b is according to function S (R, r, b)=exp (- b × DT)×(π/(b×Dan))0.5Pass through nonlinear fitting Obtain the radius r and outer radius R of alveolar passages.Wherein Dan=DL-DT, transverse diffusion coeficient DT=a1+a2 × (r/R)+a3 × (r/R)2, longitudinal diffusion coefficient DL=a4 × exp (a5 × (1-r/R)a6), a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 are real number, spread more Sensitive factor b is real number and b >=0.
Step 7, the breathing inside radius r and breathing outer radius R obtained according to step 6, be calculated alveolar depth h, Alveolar length L, alveolar surface area Sa, alveolar volume Va, alveolar density Na, alveolar surface volume ratio SVR, alveolar average linear are cut Away from parameters such as Lm.Wherein,
H=R-r,
L=2 × R/3,
Sa=(14 × (30.5/9)×R-2r)×L+2×(7×30.5/27×R2-pi/6×r2),
Va=7 × (30.5/27)×R2× L,
Na=1/Va,
SVR=Sa/Va,
Lm=4/SVR.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
Step 1 collects inert gas, and the inert gas collected saves as gaseous state or solid-state,
Step 2 carries out thoracic cavity proton MR imaging to imaging object, obtains the location information of imaging object lung
Inert gas is drawn into lung by step 3, imaging object,
Step 4, the more diffusion sensitized factor b of setting, the location information of the imaging object lung then obtained according to step 2 is to imaging Object carries out the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of two dimension or three-dimensional more diffusion sensitized factors based on lack sampling Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging obtains the original number of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object According to,
Step 5, the original number for the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance lack sampling imaging of the more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object that step 4 is obtained Handled according to according to nonlinear iteration algorithm for reconstructing, obtain the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance of more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object at As measuring signal S, define imaging object the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal S of more diffusion sensitized factors be S (R, r, B),
Step 6, the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging measuring signal S of more diffusion sensitized factors of imaging object that step 5 is obtained and more Diffusion sensitized factor b is according to function S (R, r, b)=exp (- b × DT)×(π/(b×Dan))0.5Lung is obtained by nonlinear fitting The radius r and outer radius R in channel are steeped, wherein Dan=DL-DT, transverse diffusion coeficient DT=a1+a2 × (r/R)+a3 × (r/R)2, Longitudinal diffusion coefficient DL=a4 × exp (a5 × (1-r/R)a6), a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 are real number, more diffusion-sensitives because Sub- b is real number and b >=0.
2. a kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include step Rapid 7, specifically:
The breathing inside radius r and breathing outer radius R obtained according to step 6, be calculated alveolar depth h, alveolar length L, Alveolar surface area Sa, alveolar volume Va, alveolar density Na, alveolar surface volume ratio SVR and alveolar average linear intercept Lm, Wherein,
H=R-r,
L=2 × R/3,
Sa=(14 × (30.5/9)×R-2r)×L+2×(7×30.5/27×R2-pi/6×r2),
Va=7 × (30.5/27)×R2× L,
Na=1/Va,
SVR=Sa/Va,
Lm=4/SVR.
3. a kind of measurement method of pulmonary airways microstructure model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described is lazy Property gas be hyperpolarization13C or hyperpolarization3He or hyperpolarization83Kr or hyperpolarization129Xe or hyperpolarization131Xe or perfluoropropane or six Sulfur fluoride.
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