CN109254242B - Ablation test loop and method for testing ablation state of arc contact of circuit breaker - Google Patents
Ablation test loop and method for testing ablation state of arc contact of circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN109254242B CN109254242B CN201811089503.5A CN201811089503A CN109254242B CN 109254242 B CN109254242 B CN 109254242B CN 201811089503 A CN201811089503 A CN 201811089503A CN 109254242 B CN109254242 B CN 109254242B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
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Abstract
The application discloses an ablation test loop and a method for testing the ablation state of a circuit breaker arc contact, wherein the test loop comprises a short-circuit current generation loop, a short-circuit current introduction loop and a transient recovery voltage breaking loop which are connected in sequence; wherein, the short-circuit current generation loop is used for generating short-circuit current; the short-circuit current introduction loop comprises a protection gap, a test prototype, a transformer, a first resistor, a first capacitor, a voltage measuring instrument, a current measuring instrument and an arc-delaying loop; the ablation test loop provides short-circuit current wave characteristics close to short-circuit fault current of an actual operation loop of the power system, and has higher equivalence. The ablation test loop can provide a short circuit with any amplitude and arcing time, accelerates the electrical life aging engineering of the arc contacts of the arc extinguishing chamber, and greatly shortens the research test period.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of circuits, in particular to an ablation test loop and a method for testing the ablation state of a circuit breaker arc contact.
Background
With the continuous operation of cross-region networking engineering such as western electric east delivery in China, the power transmission load of a high-voltage power transmission and transformation network is increasingly increased, the capacity of a power system is continuously increased, the coverage region of a power grid is continuously expanded, and once a circuit has a short-circuit fault under the conditions that a main grid frame is increasingly complex and the impedance of the system is continuously reduced, the assessment of the breaking capacity of a circuit breaker by short-circuit current is more severe, and the accumulated effect on the contacts of an arc extinguishing chamber of the circuit breaker is not small.
According to statistics of International great Congress of electric networks (CIGRE) and China electric science institute, the electric life of the circuit breaker is a key factor influencing the service life and the operation stability of the circuit breaker, and the arc contact ablation state is one of key factors determining the service life of the arc extinguishing chamber.
Therefore, for circuit breakers that open and close multiple line fault currents and frequently capacitive and inductive loads, it is highly desirable to provide an effective test analysis method that detects and evaluates the erosion state of the arcing contacts of the arc chute without disassembling the arc chute.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an ablation test loop which is beneficial to detecting and evaluating the ablation state of an arc contact of an arc extinguishing chamber.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows:
an ablation test loop comprises a short-circuit current generation loop, a short-circuit current introduction loop and a transient recovery voltage breaking loop which are connected in sequence; wherein,,
the short-circuit current generation circuit is used for generating short-circuit current;
the short-circuit current introduction loop comprises a protection gap, a test prototype, a transformer, a first resistor, a first capacitor, a voltage measuring instrument, a current measuring instrument and an arc-extending loop; the primary side of the transformer is connected with the output end of the short-circuit current generation loop, the two ends of the secondary side are respectively connected with the first resistor and the first capacitor, the first resistor and the first capacitor are connected in series, and the protection gap is connected between the secondary side and the first resistor and the first capacitor in series; a voltage measuring instrument is connected in series between one end of the secondary side of the transformer and the first resistor; the arc-extending loop is connected in parallel with two ends of the first resistor and the first capacitor which are connected in series; the test prototype is connected in series in one end of the output end of the short-circuit current introduction loop, and a voltage measuring instrument is connected in series between the output end of the short-circuit current introduction loop at the end of the test prototype and the test prototype; the current measuring instrument is connected in series between the test prototype and the arc-extending loop;
the transient recovery voltage open-close loop comprises a tested breaker, a spark gap, a second resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor and a second reactor; the two ends of the tested breaker are respectively connected with the two ends of the output end of the short-circuit current lead-in loop; the second resistor and the second capacitor are connected in series and then connected to two ends of the tested breaker in parallel; the two ends of the second reactor are connected with the two ends of the second resistor and the second capacitor which are connected in series; a third capacitor and a spark gap are connected in series between one end of the second reactor and the end of the second resistor.
The short-circuit current generation circuit comprises a short-circuit power supply, an operation switch and a first reactor; the operation switch is connected to two ends of the short-circuit power supply, and the first reactor is connected in series to one end of the output end of the short-circuit current generation loop.
The test prototype is an auxiliary circuit breaker.
The short-circuit power supply is a short-circuit generator.
Correspondingly, the application also provides a method for testing the arc contact ablation state of the circuit breaker, which is carried out by adopting the ablation test loop and specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out dynamic resistance test, carrying out dynamic resistance measurement and recording before, during and after the capacity opening and closing test of the test prototype, and simultaneously recording the opening and closing energy of the cumulative breaker;
the disassembly test prototype is used for measuring the port sizes of the movable arc contact and the static arc contact and the weight of the parts;
when the effective contact displacement L of the arc contact is in the interval of 0-5 mm, the average contact resistance is in a rapid descending trend along with the increase of the effective contact displacement, and after the contact displacement is more than 5mm, the average contact resistance change gradually becomes stable, and the relation is that
The method further comprises the following steps before the dynamic resistance test:
the circuit breaker is subjected to slow-opening and slow-closing operation to confirm smooth movement and no clamping stagnation;
and connecting the mechanical property tester to perform mechanical property test.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ablation test loop provides short-circuit current wave characteristics close to short-circuit fault current of an actual operation loop of the power system, and has higher equivalence.
2. The ablation test loop can provide a short circuit with any amplitude and arcing time, accelerates the electrical life aging engineering of the arc contacts of the arc extinguishing chamber, and greatly shortens the research test period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an ablation test circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a graph of contact motion travel versus dynamic contact resistance measured in test order.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
In the present application, the following definitions are made for the 4 key characteristic parameters of the arcing contact state:
1) The effective contact state of the arc contact: during opening and closing of the circuit breaker, the arcing contact is considered to be in an active contact state when the arcing contact resistance is less than or equal to a certain threshold value (which value can be given with reference to a measured value of the dynamic contact resistance), and is considered to be in an inactive contact state when the contact resistance is greater than the value, and is in a separated state (not absolute separation, but for convenience of data analysis). Because the test current reaches more than 2000A in the dynamic resistance test, a transient arcing phenomenon can occur when the metal of the arc contact is absolutely separated, and the absolute separation moment of the contact is inaccurate when the contact resistance is infinite by a test means, a certain threshold value is defined as the contact edge value of the arc contact, and the application is only convenient for trend analysis of test data.
2) Effective contact displacement L (mm): in the switching-on and switching-off process of the circuit breaker, the corresponding contact displacement when the contact resistance of the arcing contact is smaller than or equal to the threshold value (2000 mu omega) is called effective contact displacement.
3) Cumulative contact resistance Raccu (μΩ×mm): the effective contact displacement corresponds to the accumulated value of the contact resistance at the sampling time. The sampling rate of the test instrument is 20k, namely, corresponding contact resistance values are obtained every 0.05ms, and the accumulated contact resistance mu omega mm can be obtained by integrating the contact resistance in the effective contact displacement curve range.
4) Average contact resistance Rave (μΩ/mm): the accumulated contact resistance is divided by the effective contact displacement, so that the average contact resistance mu omega/mm can be obtained, and the change condition of the contact resistance and the effective contact displacement after contact ablation can be well reflected.
Examples:
referring to fig. 1, the ablation test circuit provided in this embodiment includes a short-circuit current generation circuit 100, a short-circuit current introduction circuit 200, and a transient recovery voltage turn-on circuit 300, which are sequentially connected.
The short-circuit current generation circuit is used for generating short-circuit current and comprises a short-circuit power supply G, an operation switch MB and a first reactor L1; the operation switch MB is connected to two ends of the short-circuit power supply G, in an initial state, the operation switch MB is in a normally open state, and when the operation switch MB is closed, a short-circuit current can be generated and transmitted to the short-circuit current introducing circuit 200, meanwhile, because the first reactor L1 is connected in series to one end of the output end of the short-circuit current generating circuit 100, under the action of the first reactor L1, an impact current (surge current) generated when the operation switch MB is closed can be effectively inhibited.
The short-circuit current introducing circuit 200 includes a protection gap GP, a test prototype AB, a transformer PT, a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1, a voltage measuring instrument V, a current measuring instrument I, and an arc-extending circuit APC. The primary side of the transformer PT is connected to the output end of the short-circuit current generating circuit 100, two ends of the secondary side are respectively connected to the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 are connected in series, and the protection gap GP is connected in parallel between the secondary side and the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1; a voltage measuring instrument V is connected in series between one end of the secondary side of the transformer PT and the first resistor R1 so as to measure the voltage of the end part to the ground; the arc-extending loop APC is connected in parallel with two ends of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 which are connected in series; the test prototype AB is connected in series in one end of the output end of the short-circuit current introduction circuit 200, and a voltage measuring instrument V is connected in series between the output end of the short-circuit current introduction circuit 200 and the test prototype AB at the end of the test prototype AB; the current measuring instrument I is connected in series between the test prototype AB and the arc-extending loop APC.
Because the ablation degree of the arc contact of the arc extinguishing chamber of the circuit breaker is mainly determined by the current amplitude of the loop, and is irrelevant to the voltage amplitude provided by the loop, if the rated voltage and the current of the system are adopted for testing the effect of the short-circuit current of the equivalent system, the equipment capacity of a laboratory is very large, and the cost is high, so that the ablation tests of the arc contact of the arc extinguishing chamber with different degrees are finished with low cost and high efficiency, the current and the voltage in the test loop are respectively realized through the current introduction loop and the voltage introduction loop, wherein:
1. the short-circuit current introduction circuit obtains short-circuit current from the short-circuit current generation circuit 100, obtains a target current amplitude through the LC oscillation circuit, and controls the arcing time of switching on and off the short-circuit current through the arcing circuit;
2. when the short-circuit current generated by the short-circuit current introduction circuit flows through the test prototype AB and the tested breaker TB, the transient recovery voltage opening and closing circuit passes through the time synchronous control device, the transient recovery voltage is time at two ends of the tested breaker TB before the current crosses zero, and the insulation recovery capability of the arc extinguishing chamber of the TB can be checked simultaneously after the arc contact of the TB is separated and the current opening and closing of the breaker are completed.
3. Through the separation of the test voltage and the test current through the introduction loop, the arc contact ablation test research of the test prototype AB and the short-circuit current opening and closing test of the tested breaker TB can be simultaneously realized, so that the test efficiency is extremely high on one hand, and in addition, the test cost is obviously controlled.
The transient recovery voltage switching circuit 300 includes a tested breaker TB, a spark gap GP, a second resistor R2, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, and a second reactor L2; the two ends of the tested breaker TB are respectively connected with the two ends of the output end of the short-circuit current introduction loop 200; the second resistor R2 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in series and then connected to two ends of the tested breaker TB in parallel; two ends of the second reactor L2 are connected with two ends of the second resistor R2 and the second capacitor C2 which are connected in series; a third capacitor C3 and a spark gap GP are connected in series between one end of the second reactor L2 and the end of the second resistor R2.
Before the test, the test prototype AB and the tested breaker TB are both in the closing positions. Operating switch MB closed causes short-circuit current i provided by short-circuit power supply G g Two circuit breakers (test prototype AB and test circuit breaker TB) were flowed. At time t 0 The contact of the test prototype AB and the contact of the tested breaker TB are separated, and the arcing time of the test prototype AB is fixed at t by the arc-delaying loop APC arc (selectable between 5ms and 15 ms) at time t 1 The spark gap GP ignites, and the voltage source main capacitor bank C, which has been charged before the test 3 Through reactor L 2 Discharging, introducing high-frequency current i v And with short-circuit current i g And (5) superposition. Because the excitation voltage of the current source is quite low, the test prototype AB only needs to bear the ablation of the power frequency short-circuit current arc just after the contact is separated, and the tested breaker TB is at t 2 The short-circuit current (i) is turned on and off at any time g +i v ) The fracture is then subjected to the parameter C provided by the voltage loop 2 、R 2 、C 3 And L 2 The controlled transient resumes the action of the voltage. Thus, the two circuit breakers undergo the following two phases respectively:
(1)t 0 ～t 1 at moment, the test prototype AB switches on and off the short-circuit current i g Arcing time t arc 。
(2)t 1 ～t 2 At the moment, the test breaker TB turns on the short-circuit current (i g +i v )。
In the test scheme, the amplitude of the open-close short circuit current of the test prototype is mainly distributed in the range of 20 kA-63 kA, and the arcing time is kept at t arc Is unchanged.
From this, it can be seen that the ablation test loop provided by using this embodiment can have the following effects:
1. the ablation test loop provides short-circuit current wave characteristics close to short-circuit fault current of an actual operation loop of the power system, and has higher equivalence.
2. The test loop can provide a short circuit with any amplitude and arcing time, so that the electric life aging engineering of the arc contacts of the arc extinguishing chamber is accelerated, and the research test period is greatly shortened.
Specifically, the short-circuit power supply is a short-circuit generator.
Correspondingly, the embodiment also provides a method for testing the arc contact ablation state of the circuit breaker, which is carried out by adopting the ablation test loop and specifically comprises the following steps:
carrying out dynamic resistance test, and carrying out dynamic resistance measurement and recording before, during and after the capacity opening and closing test of the test prototype, and simultaneously recording the opening and closing energy of the cumulative breaker:
| date of testing | First time | Second time | Third time | Nth time | Accumulation of |
| The prototype breaking current kA | 0 | ||||
| Accumulated on-off energy Σi 2 *t arc | 0 | ||||
| The breaking current kA times of breaking | 0 |
The disassembly test prototype is used for measuring the port sizes of the movable arc contact and the static arc contact and the weight of the parts;
weight change before and after test (unit: g)
Size change of arcing contact before and after test (unit: mm)
When the effective contact displacement L of the arc contact is in the interval of 0-5 mm, the average contact resistance is in a rapid descending trend along with the increase of the effective contact displacement, and after the contact displacement is more than 5mm, the average contact resistance change gradually becomes stable, and the relation is that
Preferably, before the dynamic resistance test, the method further comprises:
the circuit breaker is subjected to slow-opening and slow-closing operation to confirm smooth movement and no clamping stagnation; and (5) performing mechanical property test on the circuit breaker connection mechanical property tester.
The dynamic resistance test is that in the switching-off process of the circuit breaker, the dynamic change curve of the resistance contacted by the arc contact along with the action stroke and time from the moment when the main contact is just separated to the moment when the arc contact is just separated has higher requirements on the mechanical action stability of the circuit breaker and the contact reliability of parts, firstly, the phenomenon of jamming in the action process is avoided through slow switching-off and slow switching-on operation, the circuit breaker cannot normally switch off in the dynamic resistance switching-on and switching-off operation process, overload burning of the super capacitor is caused due to long-time switching-on and switching-off conduction, the switching-on and switching-off time test of the circuit breaker is carried out through a mechanical property meter, the action characteristic of the circuit breaker is ensured to be in a qualified range, and the influence on the data reading and the subsequent data analysis of the dynamic resistance is avoided.
Application case
Taking a certain 500kV breaker as an example, the actual measurement is as follows:
weight change before and after test (unit: g)
Size change of arcing contact before and after test (unit: mm)
The prototype breaking current kA
As shown in fig. 2, which shows the relation diagram of the contact action stroke and the dynamic contact resistance of the breaker a break in the test process according to the test sequence, it can be seen from fig. 2 that as the accumulated breaking current energy of the test increases, the effective contact stroke of the arc contact is gradually shortened, and the shorter the time that the contact resistance value is stable within a certain threshold value range, the higher the average contact resistance value per unit stroke under the same stroke.
Therefore, the method can obtain the effective contact displacement, the accumulated contact resistance and the average contact resistance of the arc contacts of the circuit breaker, and can provide basis for operation and maintenance management of the field circuit breaker and the evaluation of the state of the arc contacts of the non-dismantling arc extinguishing chamber.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present application, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the essence of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (2)
1. The method for testing the ablation state of the arc contact of the circuit breaker is carried out by adopting an ablation test loop and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the ablation test loop comprises a short-circuit current generation loop, a short-circuit current introduction loop and a transient recovery voltage breaking loop which are connected in sequence; wherein,,
the short-circuit current generation circuit is used for generating short-circuit current;
the short-circuit current introduction loop comprises a protection gap, a test prototype, a transformer, a first resistor, a first capacitor, a voltage measuring instrument, a current measuring instrument and an arc-extending loop; the primary side of the transformer is connected with the output end of the short-circuit current generation loop, the two ends of the secondary side are respectively connected with the first resistor and the first capacitor, the first resistor and the first capacitor are connected in series, and the protection gap is connected between the secondary side and the first resistor and the first capacitor in series; a voltage measuring instrument is connected in series between one end of the secondary side of the transformer and the first resistor; the arc-extending loop is connected in parallel with two ends of the first resistor and the first capacitor which are connected in series; the test prototype is connected in series in one end of the output end of the short-circuit current introduction loop, and a voltage measuring instrument is connected in series between the output end of the short-circuit current introduction loop at the end of the test prototype and the test prototype; the current measuring instrument is connected in series between the test prototype and the arc-extending loop;
the transient recovery voltage open-close loop comprises a tested breaker, a spark gap, a second resistor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor and a second reactor; the two ends of the tested breaker are respectively connected with the two ends of the output end of the short-circuit current lead-in loop; the second resistor and the second capacitor are connected in series and then connected to two ends of the tested breaker in parallel; the two ends of the second reactor are connected with the two ends of the second resistor and the second capacitor which are connected in series; a third capacitor and a spark gap are connected in series between one end of the second reactor and the end connected with the second resistor;
the method comprises the following steps:
carrying out dynamic resistance test, carrying out dynamic resistance measurement and recording before, during and after the capacity opening and closing test of the test prototype, and simultaneously recording the opening and closing energy of the cumulative breaker;
the disassembly test prototype is used for measuring the port sizes of the movable arc contact and the static arc contact and the weight of the parts;
when the effective contact displacement L of the arc contact is in the interval of 0-5 mm, the average contact resistance is in a rapid descending trend along with the increase of the effective contact displacement, and after the effective contact displacement is more than 5mm, the average contact resistance changes gradually and steadily, and the relation is that
The effective contact displacement L means: in the switching-on and switching-off process of the circuit breaker, the contact displacement corresponding to the contact resistance of the arc contact is smaller than or equal to the threshold value just after the main contact is separated.
2. The method of testing the erosion state of a circuit breaker arcing contact of claim 1, further comprising, prior to performing the dynamic resistance test:
the circuit breaker is subjected to slow-opening and slow-closing operation to confirm smooth movement and no clamping stagnation;
and (5) performing mechanical property test on the circuit breaker connection mechanical property tester.
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| CN110376514B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-29 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Method for evaluating comprehensive performance of direct-current high-speed switch |
| CN110376513A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-25 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | A kind of DC high-speed switch inside arcing resistance test circuit |
| CN110376516A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-25 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | A kind of DC high-speed switch inside arcing resistance test method |
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| CN114062909B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2023-12-01 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Direct-current high-current through-current test loop for triggering gap switch |
| CN114895178B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-06-30 | 安徽一天电气技术股份有限公司 | Circuit breaker test system and method |
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| 高压交流断路器大容量短路开断与关合试验技术;李刚等;《高压电器》;第54卷(第02期);第68-75、83页 * |
| 高压断路器弧触头动态接触电阻研究;刘北阳等;《高压电器》;第54卷(第09期);第43-51页 * |
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