CN109252875B - Existing tunnel lining reinforcing structure and reinforcing method - Google Patents
Existing tunnel lining reinforcing structure and reinforcing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109252875B CN109252875B CN201811468045.6A CN201811468045A CN109252875B CN 109252875 B CN109252875 B CN 109252875B CN 201811468045 A CN201811468045 A CN 201811468045A CN 109252875 B CN109252875 B CN 109252875B
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 306
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 306
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an existing tunnel lining reinforcing structure and a reinforcing method, wherein the reinforcing structure adopts an arch sleeve lining steel frame as a main supporting structure, a sleeve lining steel frame is utilized to support a template to form a supporting unit, the innermost distance of the supporting unit is less than 37.5 cm from the existing lining, the safety and construction safety of a contact net are ensured, concrete is poured on the inner side of the supporting template in a fractional manner, and the sleeve lining steel frame and the template are removed after the pouring is finished; according to the reinforcement method, the existing tunnels are equally divided into sections, the sections are numbered sequentially, supporting units are erected at odd sections at intervals, the width of each supporting unit is determined according to the sectional condition and the stress condition in the concrete pouring process, each supporting unit forms an independent concrete pouring cavity, the end face of the odd section concrete is used as an end mould of an even section, only an inner side template is required to be supported, and the sleeve lining steel frame is convenient to detach in section pouring, so that the service life of the concrete is prevented from being influenced by pouring the sleeve lining steel frame in the concrete, and the operation efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an existing tunnel lining reinforcing mechanism and a reinforcing method.
Background
In tunnel engineering, the lining is a permanent supporting structure built by reinforced concrete and other materials along the periphery of a tunnel body in order to prevent deformation or collapse of rock and soil, after tunnel construction is completed and delivered, the problem that water seepage and block dropping occur to part of the lining are caused by the influence of geological environment and climatic environment where the lining is positioned, and the driving safety in the tunnel is seriously influenced, particularly in railway tunnels, because wind pressure is formed on one hand when a train passes at high speed and stronger vibration is generated on the other hand, the wind pressure and vibration can aggravate the damage of the lining, the lining is required to be strengthened and repaired for solving the technical problems, part of lanes can be sealed in the construction process for highway tunnels, the influence on the driving of the tunnel is small, the thickness of the constructed lining and the placement supporting space of construction tools are large, and the construction difficulty is not large.
However, for the railway tunnel in operation, the difficulty increases sharply, on the one hand, because the railway is basically an electrified railway line at present, the overhead contact system is erected in the tunnel, the overhead contact system must be avoided in the construction process, the applied secondary lining also needs to keep a certain distance between the overhead contact system, the radial space between the existing lining and the overhead contact system is 37.5 cm, if the secondary lining with a layer of 25 cm is additionally constructed, the construction is difficult to be completed if the existing formwork support system is adopted, on the other hand, the construction can only be carried out at the skylight point of the railway operation, the staged rapid construction is required, and the structure of the existing full framing support formwork is difficult to be realized.
Therefore, developing and designing a lining reinforcing structure and a reinforcing method for an operating railway tunnel is an urgent problem in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an existing tunnel lining reinforcing structure, which is characterized in that an arch-shaped sleeve lining steel frame is adopted as a main supporting structure, the sleeve lining steel frame is fixed on the inner side of a tunnel by using anchor rods, a template is supported by the sleeve lining steel frame to form a supporting unit, the innermost distance of the supporting unit from an existing lining is less than 37.5, limit invasion is avoided, the safety and construction safety of a contact net are ensured, concrete is poured on the inner side of the supporting template in a divided manner, and a sleeve lining steel frame and the template are removed after pouring is finished.
The invention also aims to provide the existing tunnel lining reinforcing method, the existing tunnel is divided into equal sections, the sections are numbered sequentially, the supporting units are erected at odd sections at intervals, the width of each supporting unit is determined according to the sectional condition and the stress condition in the concrete pouring process, each supporting unit forms an independent concrete pouring cavity, the lining steel frame and the templates are removed after the odd sections of concrete are poured, the end faces of the odd sections of concrete are used as end dies of even sections, only the inner side templates are needed to be supported, the lining steel frames are convenient to detach by the sectional pouring, the influence on the service life of the concrete due to the fact that the lining steel frames are poured in the concrete is avoided, and the operation efficiency is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the existing tunnel lining reinforcing structure comprises supporting units which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the length direction of a tunnel, a concrete pouring cavity is formed between the supporting units and the inner side surface of the existing tunnel lining, the supporting units comprise lining steel reinforcement cages, lining steel frames arranged at the front end and the rear end of the lining steel reinforcement cages, partition plates arranged at the inner sides of the lining steel frames, chamfer steel bars arranged at the end faces of the partition plates and chamfer templates wrapped at the outer sides of the chamfer steel bars, the main body of the lining steel reinforcement cages consists of main ribs of an arch structure, horizontal ribs arranged horizontally and lining positioning steel bars of a cylindrical rod-shaped structure, the main ribs, the horizontal ribs and the lining positioning steel bars are all bundled together through steel wires, lining steel frames of arch structures are symmetrically arranged at the front end and the rear end of the lining steel reinforcement cages, the lower ends of the lining steel frames are side wall steel frames of I-shaped steel structures which are vertically arranged, the upper end of the side wall steel frame is connected with a arch steel frame with an I-steel structure in a matching way, the upper end of the arch steel frame is provided with a arch steel frame with an arc I-steel structure, the inner side of the lining steel frame is provided with a partition plate with an arc-shaped plate structure sealed with the side surface of the lining steel frame in a matching way, the inner side surface of the partition plate is uniformly provided with chamfer steel bars with bent structures, the outer sides of the chamfer steel bars are sleeved with chamfer templates with bent arch structures on the end surfaces of the partition plate, the inner arch surface of the lining steel bar cage is provided with lining templates with arc-shaped plate structures between the two lining steel frames, the main body of the lining templates is provided with arch templates with arc-shaped plate structures in a matching way by the side wall templates which are vertically arranged, the inner side surface of the lining templates is provided with a fixing frame in a pressing way, the main part of mount is become by the channel-section steel framework of two symmetry setting channel-section steel structures on the lining template terminal surface, and is equipped with square platelike structure's holding down plate on the terminal surface of channel-section steel framework, the cover is equipped with cylindrical structure's connecting bolt on the holding down plate, connecting bolt card is established between two channel-section steel frameworks and is inserted with the terminal surface of lining steelframe mutually, and has the lock nut that laminates mutually with holding down plate, lining steelframe terminal surface respectively at connecting bolt's both ends spiro union.
The side wall steel frames and the arch steel frames are fixedly connected together through side wall connecting plates of square plate-shaped structures, the arch steel frames and the arch steel frames are fixedly connected together through arch connecting plates of arc plate-shaped structures, and the arch connecting plates, the side wall connecting plates and the sleeve lining steel frames are fixedly connected together through bolts.
The isolation plate is welded and fixed with the side face of the sleeve lining steel frame, and the isolation plate forms a sealing surface on the I-shaped side face of the sleeve lining steel frame.
The main part of chamfer reinforcing bar is cylindrical reinforced bar structure, and the diameter of chamfer reinforcing bar is 12mm, the angle of bending of chamfer reinforcing bar is 45 angles.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides an existing tunnel lining reinforcing method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: manually roughening, cleaning the ground of a tunnel, manually erecting a protective frame, manually roughening the inner wall of the existing tunnel lining, wherein the roughening thickness of an electric drill is 2-3mm;
step two: the outer leakage cable is moved outwards, the outer leakage cable in the tunnel is moved outwards to a non-construction area, and a cable protective sleeve is sleeved on the surface layer of the cable;
step three: installing a lining steel frame, dividing a tunnel into construction sections according to lengths, numbering the construction sections sequentially, firstly installing supporting units at odd sections, manually installing lining steel frames, firstly erecting and attaching side wall steel frames to side walls on two sides of the inner wall of the tunnel, wherein the erection space of the side wall steel frames is 1.7-1.85m, after the erection is finished, temporarily fixing drill nails are punched on the left side and the right side of the side wall steel frames, the drill nails are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the iron backing plates are required to be provided with 10mm, the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm, after the side wall steel frames are installed, the upper ends of the side wall steel frames are erected with a waist steel frame, the waist steel frames are required to be attached to the inner wall of the tunnel, then fixedly connecting the side wall steel frame and the arch steel frame together through bolts with the side wall connecting plates, after erection, beating temporary fixing borers on two sides of the arch steel frame, wherein the borers are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the borers are provided with 10mm iron backing plates, the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm, the arch steel frame is erected on the upper end of the arch steel frame after the arch steel frame is installed, the arch steel frame is required to be attached to the inner wall of a tunnel arch, then the arch steel frame, the arch steel frame and the arch connecting plates are fixedly connected together through bolts, and after erection, beating temporary fixing borers on two sides of the arch, wherein the borers are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the borers are required to be provided with 10mm iron backing plates, and the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm;
step four: setting drilling positions between two sets of lining steel frames by adopting a manual measuring method, drilling by adopting an electric drill, wherein the drilling diameter is required to be 12mm, the horizontal spacing of drilling is required to be 414mm, the circumferential spacing of drilling is required to be 1m, the anchoring depth of the lining steel positioning bars is required to be 20cm, and anchoring is performed by adopting a bar planting adhesive;
step five: binding a lining steel reinforcement cage, paving the lining steel reinforcement cage integrally in a layered manner, paving main ribs with the diameter of 18mm in a circumferential direction along the trend of lining positioning steel bars between lining steel frames according to the interval of 250mm, paving horizontal ribs with the diameter of 10mm in a circumferential direction according to the interval of 250mm, paving double-end hooked inner and outer ring hook ribs with the diameter of 8mm between the horizontal ribs of the inner and outer arches according to the circumferential interval of 250mm, and binding the main ribs, the horizontal ribs, the inner and outer ring hook ribs and the lining positioning steel bars together by adopting steel wires during paving;
step six: reinforcing a sleeve lining steel frame, firstly drilling anchor rod holes for locking feet, drilling holes on two sides of the sleeve lining steel frame bottom feet, anchoring the sleeve lining steel frame bottom feet by adopting 4 cement mortar anchors with the diameter of 25mm, wherein the anchoring length is required to be 2.5m, then drilling anchor rod holes in a circumferential direction, drilling holes in the circumferential direction along the two sides of the sleeve lining steel frame at intervals of 1.5m, and anchoring the sleeve lining steel frame bottom feet by adopting cement mortar anchors with the diameter of 25mm, wherein the anchoring length is required to be 2.5m;
step seven: installing a lining template, sealing and welding the inner side of a lining steel frame by using a separation plate, uniformly and annularly welding chamfer steel bars on the inner side of the separation plate, sleeving a chamfer template on the outer side of the chamfer steel bars, spot-welding the side edges of the chamfer template and the upper edge of the separation plate together, fixing a side wall template and a vault template of the lining template and lining steel frames on two sides of a lining steel reinforcement cage from bottom to top, erecting a fixing frame on the surface of the lining template, and fixedly connecting the groove steel frame, the lining template and the lining steel frames together by using connecting bolts, wherein the fixing frame is paved on the surface of the lining template in the circumferential direction, the circumferential distance is 28cm, and the middle of the lining template and the vault position are respectively provided with a preset grouting opening;
step eight: pouring concrete into the sleeve lining, after the installation and reinforcement of all odd-number sleeve lining templates are completed, sequentially pouring concrete into the reinforced pouring cavities, pouring concrete into the closed templates by using a pump truck from bottom to top, pouring side walls of tunnel lining firstly, pouring arch parts of the tunnel lining after the side wall concrete is solidified, and sequentially sealing grouting openings after the sectional grouting is completed, wherein the side pressure formed by one-time pouring is prevented from damaging the templates;
step nine: demolding, namely dismantling the sleeve liner steel frame and the sleeve liner template after the sleeve liner is integrally solidified and stabilized after pouring, sequentially dismantling the fixing frame, the sleeve liner template, the sleeve liner steel frame, the partition plate, the chamfer angle steel bars and the chamfer angle template from top to bottom and from outside to inside, gathering the dismantled parts and cleaning the inside of the tunnel, keeping the inside of the tunnel clean, and sequentially completing the pouring of all odd sections of concrete and the dismantling of the supporting units;
and tenth, pouring the concrete of the rest sections, after the concrete pouring of all odd sections is finished, taking the end face of the concrete of the odd sections as an end template of the concrete of the even sections, re-supporting the inner template at the inner side of the even sections by using a sleeve lining steel frame, forming a pouring cavity by the inner side face of the lining, the end face of the odd sections and the template, finishing the concrete pouring of the even sections according to the sequence from the third step to the ninth step, and finishing lining construction after removing the templates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the reinforcing structure is reasonable in arrangement and strong in functionality, and has the following advantages:
1. the sleeve lining steel frame is isolated from the sleeve lining steel reinforcement cage through the chamfer steel bars, and after casting, the reinforced concrete and the sleeve lining steel frame are kept in an isolated state, so that the sleeve lining steel frame is easy to disassemble, the demolding difficulty is reduced, and the demolding efficiency is improved;
2. the sleeve lining steel frame is composed of a side wall steel frame, a waist steel frame and a vault steel frame, and the side wall steel frame, the waist steel frame and the vault steel frame are fixedly connected with the arch connecting plate and the side wall connecting plate through bolts;
3. the chamfer angle steel bars erected on the inner side of the isolation plate and the chamfer angle templates sleeved on the outer sides of the chamfer angle steel bars enable the two sides of the reinforced concrete structure to form draft angles, and the demolding difficulty of the lining steel frame is further reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of dividing the existing tunnel equally into sections, numbering the sections sequentially, erecting supporting units at odd sections at intervals, determining the width of each supporting unit according to the sectional condition and the stress condition in the concrete casting process, forming an independent concrete casting cavity by each supporting unit, dismantling a lining steel frame and a formwork after the concrete casting of the odd sections is finished, taking the end face of the concrete of the odd sections as an end formwork of the even sections, only supporting an inner side formwork, and facilitating the disassembly of the lining steel frame by the sectional casting, so that the influence on the service life of the concrete caused by the casting of the lining steel frame in the concrete is avoided, and the operation efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a support unit structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the partial structure at A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a partial structure at B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an odd-numbered section sleeve lining steel frame installation structure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an odd-numbered section reinforcement cage installation structure;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of an odd-numbered stage formwork installation structure.
In the figure: sleeve steel reinforcement cage 1, sleeve steel frame 2, arch connecting plate 3, side wall connecting plate 4, isolation plate 5, chamfer steel bar 6, chamfer template 7, sleeve template 8, fixing frame 9, main bar 101, horizontal bar 102, sleeve positioning steel bar 103, side wall steel frame 201, arch steel frame 202, vault steel frame 203, side wall template 801, vault template 802, channel steel frame 901, lower pressure plate 902, connecting bolt 903, lock nut 904.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a reinforcement structure for existing tunnel lining, comprising supporting units sequentially arranged at intervals along the length direction of the tunnel, wherein a concrete casting cavity is formed between the supporting units and the inner side surface of the existing lining, the supporting units comprise a lining reinforcement cage 1, lining steel frames 2 arranged at the front and rear ends of the lining reinforcement cage 1, a partition board 5 arranged at the inner side of the lining steel frames 2, chamfer reinforcement 6 arranged at the end surface of the partition board 5 and a chamfer template 7 wrapped at the outer side of the chamfer reinforcement 6, the main body of the lining reinforcement cage 1 is composed of a main reinforcement 101 of an arch structure, a horizontal reinforcement 102 arranged horizontally and lining positioning reinforcement 103 of a cylindrical rod structure, the main reinforcement 101, the horizontal reinforcement 102 and the lining positioning reinforcement 103 are all tied together by steel wires, the sleeve steel reinforcement cage 1 is symmetrically provided with sleeve steel frames 2 with arch structures at the front end and the rear end, the lower end of the sleeve steel frames 2 is a side wall steel frame 201 with a vertical I-steel structure, the upper end of the side wall steel frame 201 is connected with a arch steel frame 202 with the I-steel structure in a matching way, the upper end of the arch steel frame 202 is provided with a arch steel frame 203 with a circular arc I-steel structure, the inner side of the sleeve steel frames 2 is provided with a partition plate 5 with an arch plate structure sealed with the side surface of the sleeve steel frame 2 in a matching way, the inner side end surface of the partition plate 5 is uniformly provided with chamfer steel bars 6 with a bending structure, the outer side of the chamfer steel bars 6 and the end surface of the partition plate 5 are sleeved with chamfer templates 7 with the bending arch structure, the sleeve steel reinforcement cage 1 is provided with sleeve templates 8 with arch plate structures on the inner arch surface and between the two sleeve steel frames 2, the main part of cover lining template 8 is by the vault template 802 of the cambered surface platy structure of the matching connection on vertical setting's side wall template 801 and the side wall template 801, the pressure is equipped with mount 9 on the medial surface of cover lining template 8, the main part of mount 9 comprises two channel-section steel frame 901 of the channel-section steel structure of symmetry setting on cover lining template 8 terminal surface, and is equipped with square platy structure's holding down plate 902 on the terminal surface of channel-section steel frame 901, the cover is equipped with cylindrical structure's connecting bolt 903 on the holding down plate 902, connecting bolt 903 card is established between two channel-section steel frames 901 and is inserted with the terminal surface of cover lining steel frame 2, and has the lock nut 904 of laminating mutually with holding down plate 902, cover lining steel frame 2 terminal surface respectively at connecting bolt 903's both ends spiro union.
The side wall steel frame 201 and the arch steel frame 202 are fixedly connected together through the side wall connecting plate 4 of the square plate-shaped structure, the arch steel frame 202 and the arch steel frame 203 are fixedly connected together through the arch connecting plate 3 of the arc plate-shaped structure, and the arch connecting plate 3, the side wall connecting plate 4 and the sleeve lining steel frame 2 are fixedly connected together through bolts, and the split type connecting structure enables the sleeve lining steel frame 2 to be detached in sections during demolding, reduces the detachment difficulty of the sleeve lining steel frame 2, improves the demolding efficiency of the sleeve lining steel frame 2, and prolongs the repeated service life of the sleeve lining steel frame 2
The isolation plate 5 is welded and fixed with the side surface of the sleeve lining steel frame 2, the isolation plate 5 forms a sealing surface on the I-shaped side surface of the sleeve lining steel frame 2, the welding isolates the sleeve lining steel frame 2 from the sleeve lining steel reinforcement cage 1, and after casting is finished, the sleeve lining steel frame 2 is easy to separate from the sleeve lining of the reinforced concrete structure during demoulding
The main part of chamfer reinforcing bar 6 is cylindrical reinforced bar structure, and the diameter of chamfer reinforcing bar 6 is 12mm, the angle of bending of chamfer reinforcing bar 6 is 45 angles, and this kind of structure plays a good supporting role relative chamfer template 7 for chamfer template 7 keeps good stability in the pouring process, and then forms a good draft angle at the side of cover lining steel frame 2 after the pouring, further reduced the drawing of patterns degree of difficulty of cover lining steel frame 2.
Compared with the prior art, the existing tunnel reinforcing structure has the following advantages:
1. the sleeve lining steel frame is isolated from the sleeve lining steel reinforcement cage through the chamfer steel bars, and after casting, the reinforced concrete and the sleeve lining steel frame are kept in an isolated state, so that the sleeve lining steel frame is easy to disassemble, the demolding difficulty is reduced, and the demolding efficiency is improved;
2. the sleeve lining steel frame is composed of a side wall steel frame, a waist steel frame and a vault steel frame, and the side wall steel frame, the waist steel frame and the vault steel frame are fixedly connected with the arch connecting plate and the side wall connecting plate through bolts;
3. the chamfer angle steel bars erected on the inner side of the isolation plate and the chamfer angle templates sleeved on the outer sides of the chamfer angle steel bars enable the two sides of the reinforced concrete structure to form draft angles, and the demolding difficulty of the lining steel frame is further reduced.
The invention also provides a method for reinforcing the existing tunnel lining, which comprises the following steps:
step one: manually roughening, cleaning the ground of a tunnel, manually erecting a protective frame, manually roughening the inner wall of the existing tunnel lining, wherein the roughening thickness of an electric drill is 2-3mm;
step two: the outer leakage cable is moved outwards, the outer leakage cable in the tunnel is moved outwards to a non-construction area, and a cable protective sleeve is sleeved on the surface layer of the cable;
step three: installing a lining steel frame, dividing a tunnel into construction sections according to lengths (see fig. 5-7), numbering the construction sections sequentially, firstly installing supporting units at odd sections, manually installing lining steel frames, firstly erecting and attaching side wall steel frames to side walls on two sides of the inner wall of the tunnel, setting the erection space of the side wall steel frames to be 1.7-1.85m, after erection, temporarily fixing drill nails on the left side and the right side of the side wall steel frames, wherein the drill nails are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm and the steel plates are provided with 10mm iron, the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm, erecting a waist steel frame at the upper end of the side wall steel frames after the side wall steel frames are installed, and attaching the waist steel frames to the inner wall of the tunnel, then fixedly connecting the side wall steel frame and the arch steel frame together through bolts with the side wall connecting plates, after erection, beating temporary fixing borers on two sides of the arch steel frame, wherein the borers are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the borers are provided with 10mm iron backing plates, the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm, the arch steel frame is erected on the upper end of the arch steel frame after the arch steel frame is installed, the arch steel frame is required to be attached to the inner wall of a tunnel arch, then the arch steel frame, the arch steel frame and the arch connecting plates are fixedly connected together through bolts, and after erection, beating temporary fixing borers on two sides of the arch, wherein the borers are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the borers are required to be provided with 10mm iron backing plates, and the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm;
step four: setting drilling positions between two sets of lining steel frames by adopting a manual measuring method, drilling by adopting an electric drill, wherein the drilling diameter is required to be 12mm, the horizontal spacing of drilling is required to be 414mm, the circumferential spacing of drilling is required to be 1m, the anchoring depth of the lining steel positioning bars is required to be 20cm, and anchoring is performed by adopting a bar planting adhesive;
step five: binding a lining steel reinforcement cage, paving the lining steel reinforcement cage integrally in a layered manner, paving main ribs with the diameter of 18mm in a circumferential direction along the trend of lining positioning steel bars between lining steel frames according to the interval of 250mm, paving horizontal ribs with the diameter of 10mm in a circumferential direction according to the interval of 250mm, paving double-end hooked inner and outer ring hook ribs with the diameter of 8mm between the horizontal ribs of the inner and outer arches according to the circumferential interval of 250mm, and binding the main ribs, the horizontal ribs, the inner and outer ring hook ribs and the lining positioning steel bars together by adopting steel wires during paving;
step six: reinforcing a sleeve lining steel frame, firstly drilling anchor rod holes for locking feet, drilling holes on two sides of the bottom feet of the sleeve lining steel frame, anchoring steel frame feet by adopting 4 cement mortar anchors with the diameter of 25mm, wherein the required anchoring length is 2.5m, then drilling anchor rod holes for positioning in the circumferential direction, drilling holes in the circumferential direction along the two sides of the sleeve lining steel frame at intervals of 1.5m, and anchoring steel frame feet by adopting cement mortar anchors with the diameter of 25mm, wherein the required anchoring length is 2.5m;
step seven: installing a lining template, sealing and welding the inner side of a lining steel frame by using a separation plate, uniformly and annularly welding chamfer steel bars on the inner side of the separation plate, sleeving a chamfer template on the outer side of the chamfer steel bars, spot-welding the side edges of the chamfer template and the upper edge of the separation plate together, fixing a side wall template and a vault template of the lining template and lining steel frames on two sides of a lining steel reinforcement cage from bottom to top, erecting a fixing frame on the surface of the lining template, and fixedly connecting the groove steel frame, the lining template and the lining steel frames together by using connecting bolts, wherein the fixing frame is paved on the surface of the lining template in the circumferential direction, the circumferential distance is 28cm, and the middle of the lining template and the vault position are respectively provided with a preset grouting opening;
step eight: pouring concrete into the sleeve lining, after the installation and reinforcement of all odd-number sleeve lining templates are completed, sequentially pouring concrete into the reinforced pouring cavities, pouring concrete into the closed templates by using a pump truck from bottom to top, pouring side walls of tunnel lining firstly, pouring arch parts of the tunnel lining after the side wall concrete is solidified, and sequentially sealing grouting openings after the sectional grouting is completed, wherein the side pressure formed by one-time pouring is prevented from damaging the templates;
step nine: demolding, namely dismantling the sleeve liner steel frame and the sleeve liner template after the sleeve liner is integrally solidified and stabilized after pouring, sequentially dismantling the fixing frame, the sleeve liner template, the sleeve liner steel frame, the partition plate, the chamfer angle steel bars and the chamfer angle template from top to bottom and from outside to inside, gathering the dismantled parts and cleaning the inside of the tunnel, keeping the inside of the tunnel clean, and sequentially completing the pouring of all odd sections of concrete and the dismantling of the supporting units;
tenth, casting the concrete of the rest sections, after finishing casting all the concrete of the odd sections, using the end face of the concrete of the odd sections as an end template of the concrete of the even sections, re-supporting the inner template at the inner side of the even sections by using a sleeve lining steel frame, forming a casting cavity by the inner side face of the lining, the end face of the odd sections and the template, finishing casting the concrete of the even sections according to the sequence from the third step to the ninth step, and finishing lining construction after removing the template
Working principle: through the side closure of division board 5 and cover lining steel frame 2 for cover lining steel frame 2 forms the isolation status with cover lining steel reinforcement cage 1, after the cover lining pouring is accomplished, still be in the isolation status between reinforced concrete and the cover lining steel frame 2 for cover lining steel frame 2 can be quick drawing of patterns, and cover lining steel frame 2 is by side wall steelframe 201, bow steelframe 202, vault steelframe 203 and hunch portion connecting plate 3, side wall connecting plate 4 are in the same place through bolt fixed connection, this kind of split type connection structure makes the cover lining steel frame 2 can carry out the segmentation demolishment in the drawing of patterns process after the pouring is accomplished, the degree of difficulty of integral demolishment has been avoided, and the loss of cover lining steel frame 2 has been reduced, and chamfer angle bar 6 and chamfer template 7 that the division board 5 side set up makes between cover lining steel frame 2 and the cover lining side form a draft angle, make the drawing of patterns of cover lining steelframe 2 simpler, the efficiency of drawing of patterns has further been improved.
The reinforced structure is a unit structure, the structure can be arranged at a position needing to be reinforced for concrete reinforcement in a tunnel, however, the whole reinforcement in the tunnel is finished by arranging a plurality of unit structures, for example, the reinforced area of the tunnel can be divided into a plurality of sections along the trend of the tunnel, each section is reinforced respectively, the sleeve lining steel frame can be removed after concrete casting for convenience, the reinforcement concrete casting of odd sections can be carried out at intervals, after the concrete of the odd sections reaches the design strength, the templates and steel frames of all the odd sections are removed, the end faces of the cast concrete of the odd sections are used as end templates of the even sections, only the inner templates are required to be re-supported, the reinforced part of the steel frame is in a single reinforced concrete structure after the steel frame is removed, the steel frame without bare leakage is avoided, and the influence on the strength of the concrete structure after the steel frame is corroded.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. An existing tunnel lining reinforced structure which is characterized in that: including along the supporting element of tunnel length direction interval arrangement in proper order, form the concrete pouring chamber between supporting element and the existing lining medial surface, the supporting element includes lining steel reinforcement cage (1), lining steel reinforcement cage (1) front and back both ends cover lining steel frame (2) that establish, partition plate (5) that cover lining steel frame (2) inboard was established, chamfer reinforcing bar (6) that partition plate (5) terminal surface was established and chamfer template (7) that the outside of chamfer reinforcing bar (6) wrapped up, the main part of lining steel reinforcement cage (1) comprises arch structure's main muscle (101), horizontal muscle (102) of level setting and cylindrical rod-like structure's lining spacer bar (103), all be in the same place through steel wire binding between main muscle (101), horizontal muscle (102), lining spacer bar (103), the front and back both ends symmetry of lining steel reinforcement cage (1) are equipped with arch structure's cover lining steel frame (2), the lower extreme of cover steel frame (2) is vertical arrangement's side wall (201), and is equipped with arch steel structure's arch steel frame (2) side wall (202) on the side wall (202) and is equipped with arch steel frame (2) matched with in the side wall (203) of the steel frame (2), the inner end face of the isolation plate (5) is uniformly provided with chamfer steel bars (6) with bent structures, the outer sides of the chamfer steel bars (6) and the end face of the isolation plate (5) are sleeved with chamfer templates (7) with bent arch structures, sleeve lining templates (8) with arch plate structures are paved on the inner arch faces of the sleeve lining steel reinforcement cages (1) and between two sleeve lining steel frames (2), the main body of the sleeve lining templates (8) is formed by arch templates (802) with arch plate structures, which are vertically arranged, in a matched connection with the side wall templates (801), on the side wall templates (801), a fixing frame (9) is pressed on the inner side face of the sleeve lining templates (8), the main body of the fixing frame (9) is formed by two channel steel frames (901) with channel steel structures, which are symmetrically arranged on the end faces of the sleeve lining templates (8), connecting bolts (903) with cylindrical structures are sleeved on the lower pressing plates (902) with square channel steel frames (901), and the connecting bolts (903) with the two end faces of the sleeve lining steel frames (2) are clamped between the two sleeve lining steel frames (902) and are matched with the end faces of the two sleeve steel frames (902) respectively;
the side wall steel frames (201) and the arch steel frames (202) are fixedly connected together through side wall connecting plates (4) of square plate-shaped structures, the arch steel frames (202) and the arch steel frames (203) are fixedly connected together through arch connecting plates (3) of arc plate-shaped structures, and the arch connecting plates (3), the side wall connecting plates (4) and the sleeve lining steel frames (2) are fixedly connected together through bolts;
the isolation plate (5) is welded and fixed with the side face of the sleeve lining steel frame (2), and the isolation plate (5) forms a sealing surface on the I-shaped side face of the sleeve lining steel frame (2).
2. The existing tunnel lining reinforcing structure according to claim 1, wherein: the main body of the chamfer reinforcing steel bar (6) is of a cylindrical reinforcing steel bar structure, the diameter of the chamfer reinforcing steel bar (6) is 12mm, and the bending angle of the chamfer reinforcing steel bar (6) is 45 degrees.
3. A method of existing tunnel lining reinforcement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: manually roughening, cleaning the ground of a tunnel, manually erecting a protective frame, manually roughening the inner wall of the existing tunnel lining, wherein the roughening thickness of an electric drill is 2-3mm;
step two: the outer leakage cable is moved outwards, the outer leakage cable in the tunnel is moved outwards to a non-construction area, and a cable protective sleeve is sleeved on the surface layer of the cable;
step three: installing a lining steel frame, dividing a tunnel into construction sections according to lengths, numbering the construction sections sequentially, firstly installing supporting units at odd sections, manually installing lining steel frames, firstly erecting and attaching side wall steel frames to side walls on two sides of the inner wall of the tunnel, wherein the erection space of the side wall steel frames is 1.7-1.85m, after the erection is finished, temporarily fixing drill nails are punched on the left side and the right side of the side wall steel frames, the drill nails are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the iron backing plates are required to be provided with 10mm, the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm, after the side wall steel frames are installed, the upper ends of the side wall steel frames are erected with a waist steel frame, the waist steel frames are required to be attached to the inner wall of the tunnel, then fixedly connecting the side wall steel frame, the arch steel frame and the side wall connecting plates together through bolts, after erection, beating temporary fixing borers on two sides of the arch steel frame, wherein the borers are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the borers are required to be provided with 10mm iron backing plates, the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm, the arch steel frame is erected on the upper end of the arch steel frame after the arch steel frame is installed, the arch steel frame is required to be attached to the inner wall of a tunnel arch, then the arch steel frame, the arch steel frame and the arch connecting plates are fixedly connected together through bolts, and after erection, beating temporary fixing borers on two sides of the arch, wherein the borers are required to be provided with nuts, the diameter is 20mm, the iron backing plates are required to be provided with 10mm iron backing plates, and the chemical anchoring length is required to be 20mm;
step four: setting drilling positions between two sets of lining steel frames by adopting a manual measuring method, drilling by adopting an electric drill, wherein the drilling diameter is required to be 12mm, the horizontal spacing of drilling is required to be 414mm, the circumferential spacing of drilling is required to be 1m, the anchoring depth of the lining steel positioning bars is required to be 20cm, and anchoring is performed by adopting a bar planting adhesive;
step five: binding a lining steel reinforcement cage, paving the lining steel reinforcement cage integrally in a layered manner, paving main ribs with the diameter of 18mm in a circumferential direction along the trend of lining positioning steel bars between lining steel frames according to the interval of 250mm, paving horizontal ribs with the diameter of 10mm in a circumferential direction according to the interval of 250mm, paving double-end hooked inner and outer ring hook ribs with the diameter of 8mm between the horizontal ribs of the inner and outer arches according to the circumferential interval of 250mm, and binding the main ribs, the horizontal ribs, the inner and outer ring hook ribs and the lining positioning steel bars together by adopting steel wires during paving;
step six: reinforcing a sleeve lining steel frame, firstly drilling anchor rod holes for locking feet, drilling holes on two sides of the sleeve lining steel frame bottom feet, anchoring the sleeve lining steel frame bottom feet by adopting 4 cement mortar anchors with the diameter of 25mm, wherein the anchoring length is required to be 2.5m, then drilling anchor rod holes in a circumferential direction, drilling holes in the circumferential direction along the two sides of the sleeve lining steel frame at intervals of 1.5m, and anchoring the sleeve lining steel frame bottom feet by adopting cement mortar anchors with the diameter of 25mm, wherein the anchoring length is required to be 2.5m;
step seven: installing a lining template, sealing and welding the inner side of a lining steel frame by using a separation plate, uniformly and annularly welding chamfer steel bars on the inner side of the separation plate, sleeving a chamfer template on the outer side of the chamfer steel bars, spot-welding the side edges of the chamfer template and the upper edge of the separation plate together, fixing a side wall template and a vault template of the lining template and lining steel frames on two sides of a lining steel reinforcement cage from bottom to top, erecting a fixing frame on the surface of the lining template, and fixedly connecting the groove steel frame, the lining template and the lining steel frames together by using connecting bolts, wherein the fixing frame is paved on the surface of the lining template in the circumferential direction, the circumferential distance is 28cm, and the middle of the lining template and the vault position are respectively provided with a preset grouting opening;
step eight: pouring concrete into the sleeve lining, after the installation and reinforcement of all odd-number sleeve lining templates are completed, sequentially pouring concrete into the reinforced pouring cavities, pouring concrete into the closed templates by using a pump truck from bottom to top, pouring side walls of tunnel lining firstly, pouring arch parts of the tunnel lining after the side wall concrete is solidified, and sequentially sealing grouting openings after the sectional grouting is completed, wherein the side pressure formed by one-time pouring is prevented from damaging the templates;
step nine: demolding, namely dismantling the sleeve liner steel frame and the sleeve liner template after the sleeve liner is integrally solidified and stabilized after pouring, sequentially dismantling the fixing frame, the sleeve liner template, the sleeve liner steel frame, the partition plate, the chamfer angle steel bars and the chamfer angle template from top to bottom and from outside to inside, gathering the dismantled parts and cleaning the inside of the tunnel, keeping the inside of the tunnel clean, and sequentially completing the pouring of all odd sections of concrete and the dismantling of the supporting units;
and tenth, pouring the concrete of the rest sections, after the concrete pouring of all odd sections is finished, taking the end face of the concrete of the odd sections as an end template of the concrete of the even sections, re-supporting the inner template at the inner side of the even sections by using a sleeve lining steel frame, forming a pouring cavity by the inner side face of the lining, the end face of the odd sections and the template, finishing the concrete pouring of the even sections according to the sequence from the third step to the ninth step, and finishing lining construction after removing the templates.
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| CN117846294B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-06-25 | 北京建工四建工程建设有限公司 | Construction method for door opening with arc-shaped chamfer at hyperboloid stair railing |
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