CN109245032B - Overcurrent protection circuit and direct-current power supply system - Google Patents
Overcurrent protection circuit and direct-current power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109245032B CN109245032B CN201811287882.9A CN201811287882A CN109245032B CN 109245032 B CN109245032 B CN 109245032B CN 201811287882 A CN201811287882 A CN 201811287882A CN 109245032 B CN109245032 B CN 109245032B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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Abstract
The overcurrent protection circuit comprises an auxiliary power supply unit, a driving unit, a switch unit, a current detection unit and an overcurrent protection unit. The overcurrent protection circuit and the direct-current power supply system are provided with the overcurrent protection circuit, the driving unit, the switching unit, the current detection unit and the overcurrent protection unit. In the practical application process, the driving unit is used for providing driving voltage for the switching unit, the switching unit is started, the voltage input by the external power supply is input into the current detection unit through the switching unit, the current detection unit is used for converting a current signal into a voltage signal, when an overcurrent protection mechanism occurs, the overcurrent protection unit is started to work, the switching unit is driven to be disconnected, and the voltage input by the external power supply cannot be input, so that overcurrent protection is realized. The application has less influence by environmental parameters, high control precision, no need of specially configuring a reference voltage source and greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of overcurrent protection, and in particular, to an overcurrent protection circuit and a dc power supply system.
Background
At present, a direct current power supply is a device for forming stable constant voltage and current in a maintenance circuit. Such as dry cells, batteries, dc generators, etc. The direct current power supply is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the potential of the positive electrode is high, the potential of the negative electrode is low, and when the two electrodes are communicated with the circuit, a constant potential difference can be maintained between the two ends of the circuit, so that current from the positive electrode to the negative electrode is formed in an external circuit. A dc power supply is an energy conversion device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy for supply to a circuit to maintain a steady flow of current. The water level difference alone can not maintain stable water flow, and the water pump can continuously send water from low to high to maintain a certain water level difference, so that stable water flow is formed. Similarly, the electrostatic field generated by the electric charge alone cannot maintain a steady current, and by means of a direct current power supply, positive charges can be returned to the positive electrode with higher potential from the negative electrode with lower potential through the inside of the power supply by using a non-electrostatic effect (called as "non-electrostatic force" for short) so as to maintain the potential difference between the two electrodes, thereby forming a steady current.
Aiming at the existing direct current power supply, a direct current power supply system is arranged in the direct current power supply, and in order to ensure that the direct current power supply system can safely and stably output voltage, an overcurrent protection circuit is specially configured in the direct current power supply system to prevent the direct current power supply system from overcurrent, so that the follow-up power supply to a load is affected. However, for the existing overcurrent protection circuit, there are many defects, firstly, the existing overcurrent protection circuit is affected by environmental parameters, for example, a triode is utilized in the existing overcurrent protection circuit, when the temperature change of the triode is obvious, a certain temperature drift is generated, namely, the starting voltage of the triode is correspondingly changed due to the temperature change, so that the protection mechanism of the overcurrent protection circuit is affected; secondly, in order to improve the control precision of the existing overcurrent protection circuit, the existing overcurrent protection circuit is mostly realized by utilizing electronic elements such as an operational amplifier and the like, but the operational amplifier can improve the manufacturing cost of the overcurrent protection circuit to a certain extent, which is not beneficial to the popularization of products by enterprises; thirdly, a reference voltage source is specially configured for the overcurrent protection circuit, when the current at the output end is converted into voltage, and the converted voltage is larger than or equal to the voltage of the reference voltage source, an overcurrent protection mechanism is realized, and although the reference voltage source can well play a role in overcurrent protection, the same cost is very high, a manufacturer is required to separately and additionally purchase the reference voltage source, the manufacturing cost of the overcurrent protection circuit is greatly increased, and the popularization of enterprises to products is not facilitated; fourth, when the existing overcurrent protection circuit needs to be self-recovered, the self-recovery is performed by using an operational amplifier, and the manufacturing cost of the operational amplifier is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the overcurrent protection circuit and the direct-current power supply system which are less influenced by environmental parameters, have high control precision, do not need to be specially provided with a reference voltage source and can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an overcurrent protection circuit comprising:
an auxiliary power supply unit;
the input end of the driving unit is connected with the output end of the auxiliary power supply unit;
the input end of the switch unit is connected with an external power supply, and the driving end of the switch unit is connected with the output end of the driving unit;
The input end of the current detection unit is connected with the output end of the switch unit, and the output end of the current detection unit is connected with an external load; and
The input end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the output end of the auxiliary power supply unit, the output end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the driving end of the switch unit, the first current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the input end of the current detection unit, and the second current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the output end of the current detection unit.
In one embodiment, the driving unit is a first resistor R1, one end of the first resistor R1 is used as an input end of the driving unit, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is used as an output end of the driving unit.
In one embodiment, the switch unit includes a first MOS transistor K1 and a second resistor R2, a drain electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as an input end of the switch unit, a source electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as an output end of the switch unit, a gate electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as a driving end of the switch unit, one end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor K1, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the source electrode of the first MOS transistor K1.
In one embodiment, the first MOS transistor K1 is an N-MOS transistor.
In one embodiment, the current detection unit is a detection resistor Rs, one end of the detection resistor Rs is used as an input end of the current detection unit, and the other end of the detection resistor Rs is used as an output end of the current detection unit.
In one embodiment, the over-current protection unit includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2, one end of the third resistor R3 is used as an input end of the over-current protection unit, the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected with one end of the fourth resistor R4 and a collector of the first triode Q1, a base of the first triode Q1 is connected with one end of the fourth resistor R4, an emitter of the first triode Q1 is used as a first current detection end of the over-current protection unit, a collector of the second triode Q2 is used as an output end of the over-current protection unit, a base of the second triode Q2 is used as a second current detection end of the over-current protection unit, an emitter of the second triode Q2 is used as a second current detection end of the over-current protection unit, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the other end of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the other end of the fifth resistor R5.
In one embodiment, the first transistor Q1 is an NPN transistor.
In one embodiment, the second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor.
A direct current power supply system comprises the overcurrent protection circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The overcurrent protection circuit and the direct-current power supply system are provided with the overcurrent protection circuit, the driving unit, the switching unit, the current detection unit and the overcurrent protection unit. In the practical application process, the driving unit is used for providing driving voltage for the switching unit, the switching unit is started, the voltage input by the external power supply is input into the current detection unit through the switching unit, the current detection unit is used for converting a current signal into a voltage signal, when an overcurrent protection mechanism occurs, the overcurrent protection unit is started to work, the switching unit is driven to be disconnected, and the voltage input by the external power supply cannot be input, so that overcurrent protection is realized. The application has less influence by environmental parameters, high control precision, no need of specially configuring a reference voltage source and greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an over-current protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In order to ensure that the DC power supply system can safely and stably output voltage, the stable output voltage of the DC power supply is ensured, meanwhile, the overcurrent protection of the DC power supply is also required to be considered, and the output voltage is also prevented from influencing an external load when the DC power supply is in an overcurrent state. Therefore, in order to ensure stable output of the dc power system, the dc power system is provided with an over-current protection circuit, please refer to fig. 1 and 2 together, and the over-current protection circuit 10 includes an auxiliary power unit 100, a driving unit 200, a switching unit 300, a current detection unit 400 and an over-current protection unit 500; the input end of the driving unit 200 is connected with the output end of the auxiliary power unit 100; the input end of the switch unit 300 is connected with an external power supply, and the driving end of the switch unit 300 is connected with the output end of the driving unit 200; the input end of the current detection unit 400 is connected with the output end of the switch unit 300, and the output end of the current detection unit 400 is connected with an external load; the input end of the overcurrent protection unit 500 is connected with the output end of the auxiliary power supply unit 100, the output end of the overcurrent protection unit 500 is connected with the driving end of the switching unit 300, the first current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit 500 is connected with the input end of the current detection unit 400, and the second current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit 500 is connected with the output end of the current detection unit 400.
In this way, in the practical application process, the driving unit 100 is configured to provide the driving voltage to the switching unit 200, turn on the switching unit 200, and the voltage input by the external power supply is input to the current detection unit 400 through the switching unit 200, and the current detection unit 400 is configured to convert the current signal into the voltage signal, when the overcurrent protection mechanism occurs, the overcurrent protection unit 500 is turned on, the switching unit 200 is driven to be turned off, and the voltage input by the external power supply cannot be input, so as to implement the overcurrent protection. The application has less influence by environmental parameters, high control precision, no need of specially configuring a reference voltage source and greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
Further, referring to fig. 2 again, in an embodiment, the driving unit 200 is a first resistor R1, one end of the first resistor R1 is used as an input end of the driving unit 200, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is used as an output end of the driving unit 200.
Further, referring to fig. 2 again, in an embodiment, the switch unit 300 includes a first MOS transistor K1 and a second resistor R2, a drain electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as an input end of the switch unit 300, a source electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as an output end of the switch unit 300, a gate electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as a driving end of the switch unit 300, one end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor K1, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the source electrode of the first MOS transistor K1. Specifically, in one embodiment, the first MOS transistor K1 is an N-MOS transistor.
Further, referring to fig. 2 again, in an embodiment, the current detection unit 400 is a detection resistor Rs, one end of the detection resistor Rs is used as an input end of the current detection unit 400, and the other end of the detection resistor Rs is used as an output end of the current detection unit 400.
Further, referring to fig. 2 again, in an embodiment, the over-current protection unit 500 includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2, one end of the third resistor R3 is used as an input end of the over-current protection unit 500, the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4 and a collector of the first triode Q1, a base of the first triode Q1 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, an emitter of the first triode Q1 is used as a first current detection end of the over-current protection unit 500, a collector of the second triode Q2 is used as an output end of the over-current protection unit 500, a base of the second triode Q2 is used as a second current detection end of the over-current protection unit 500, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded. Specifically, in one embodiment, the first transistor Q1 is an NPN transistor; the second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the following details of the specific operation circuit of the overcurrent protection circuit are described:
Firstly, the auxiliary power unit 100 inputs a voltage to the first resistor R1, and the voltage provided by the auxiliary power unit 100 enters the gate of the first MOS transistor K1 after being divided by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and it should be noted that the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 play roles in dividing and limiting the voltage, so as to prevent a large voltage from being directly input into the gate of the first MOS transistor K1 and damaging the first MOS transistor K1. At this time, the first MOS tube K1 is turned on, and the drain electrode of the first MOS tube K1 inputs a working voltage through an external power supply, for example, inputs a 5V voltage to the drain electrode of the first MOS tube K1; for another example, 12V voltage is input to the drain electrode of the first MOS transistor K1; for another example, a voltage of 24V is input to the drain of the first MOS transistor K1. In this way, the operating voltage is input to the detection resistor Rs at the source of the first MOS transistor K1 that is turned on, and the detection resistor Rs converts the current signal into the voltage signal. At this time, the emitter of the first triode Q1 in the overcurrent protection unit 500 is used as the first current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit 500, the emitter of the second triode Q2 is used as the second current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit 500, when an overcurrent protection mechanism occurs, the first triode Q1 and the second triode Q2 are simultaneously turned on, and the collector output driving level of the second triode Q2 controls the first MOS transistor K1 to be turned off, so that the drain of the first MOS transistor K1 is prevented from continuously inputting voltage, and overcurrent protection is realized; when no overcurrent occurs in the circuit, the first triode Q1 is conducted, the second triode Q2 is cut off, the collector output level of the second triode Q2 controls the first MOS tube K1 to be conducted, and then the voltage of an external power supply continuously flows through the first MOS tube K1 to be output to a load, so that the load is supplied with power.
It should be noted that, the reason why the present application is affected by the environmental parameters is that, firstly, since two transistors exist in the over-current protection unit 500, one is the first transistor Q1 and the other is the second transistor Q2, both of which are NPN transistors, it is known that the conduction voltage of the transistor is affected by the environmental parameters, such as temperature, i.e. temperature drift phenomenon, but since two transistors exist in the over-current protection unit 500, the types of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are the same, the two transistors form a complementary network, i.e. the condition that the present application generates the over-current protection mechanism is that the voltage on the fourth resistor R4 + the conduction voltage V be of the first transistor is less than or equal to the voltage on the detection resistor Rs + the conduction voltage V be of the second transistor Q2, the protection occurs under this condition, as can be seen from the above equation, the on voltage V be of the transistors is present on both sides of the equation, so, since two transistors are present in the overcurrent protection unit 500, the on voltages V be on both sides of the equation can cancel each other, so as to inhibit the transistors from being affected by the environmental parameter, the condition of the overcurrent protection mechanism occurs, and then the voltage on the fourth resistor R4 is converted into whether the voltage on the detection resistor Rs is less than or equal to the voltage on the detection resistor Rs, the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 play a complementary role, and are transistors of the same type, and are affected by the environmental parameter at the same time, so that the control precision of the overcurrent protection unit 500 is high and is not affected by the environmental parameter;
If the dc power system is not in an overcurrent state, the voltage of the detection resistor Rs is smaller than the voltage of the fourth resistor R4, the second diode Q2 is turned off, the first MOS tube is turned on, and the voltage of the external power source can be output to the load again. This process becomes a self-recovery process of the over-current protection circuit 10, and the conventional over-current protection circuit 10 needs to be self-recovered by using an operational amplifier, but in the present application, the self-recovery process is realized by using only two triodes and using a triode, and compared with the operational amplifier, the manufacturing cost of the over-current protection circuit 10 can be greatly reduced by adopting a triode mode.
It should be noted that, the present application does not need to configure a reference voltage source specially to implement the over-current protection, and in order to implement the over-current protection, an independent reference voltage source is configured, and the reference voltage source is used for providing a reference value for the over-current protection, and when the current in the dc power supply is converted into the voltage, the over-current protection occurs when the converted voltage exceeds the reference voltage value. Although the reference voltage source is adopted to realize the overcurrent protection, the reference voltage source on the market has high price, and the occupation area of the overcurrent protection circuit can be increased to a certain extent, which is not beneficial to the popularization of products. In the present application, the dc power supply at the input end can be used as a reference source, and the voltage divided by the fourth resistor R4 can be used as a reference voltage value, so that when the voltage on the detected voltage Rs is greater than or equal to the fourth resistor R4, the over-current protection can occur, and the reference voltage is not required to be provided by independently purchasing the reference voltage source, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost of the over-current protection circuit 10 and simultaneously reducing the occupied space of the over-current protection circuit 10. The third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, and the fifth resistor R5 each function as a voltage divider.
The overcurrent protection circuit and the direct-current power supply system are provided with the overcurrent protection circuit, the driving unit, the switching unit, the current detection unit and the overcurrent protection unit. In the practical application process, the driving unit is used for providing driving voltage for the switching unit, the switching unit is started, the voltage input by the external power supply is input into the current detection unit through the switching unit, the current detection unit is used for converting a current signal into a voltage signal, when an overcurrent protection mechanism occurs, the overcurrent protection unit is started to work, the switching unit is driven to be disconnected, and the voltage input by the external power supply cannot be input, so that overcurrent protection is realized. The application has less influence by environmental parameters, high control precision, no need of specially configuring a reference voltage source and greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
The above embodiments represent only a few embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An overcurrent protection circuit, comprising:
an auxiliary power supply unit;
the input end of the driving unit is connected with the output end of the auxiliary power supply unit;
The input end of the switch unit is connected with an external power supply, and the switch unit is driven
The end is connected with the output end of the driving unit;
The input end of the current detection unit is connected with the output end of the switch unit, and the output end of the current detection unit is connected with an external load;
The input end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the output end of the auxiliary power supply unit, the output end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the driving end of the switch unit, the first current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the input end of the current detection unit, and the second current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit is connected with the output end of the current detection unit.
2. The overcurrent protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the driving unit is a first resistor R1, one end of the first resistor R1 is used as an input end of the driving unit, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is used as an output end of the driving unit.
3. The overcurrent protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit comprises a first MOS transistor K1 and a second resistor R2, a drain electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as an input end of the switching unit, a source electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as an output end of the switching unit, a gate electrode of the first MOS transistor K1 is used as a driving end of the switching unit, one end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor K1, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the source electrode of the first MOS transistor K1.
4. The overcurrent protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the first MOS transistor K1 is an N-MOS transistor.
5. The overcurrent protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the current detection unit is a detection resistor Rs, one end of the detection resistor Rs is used as an input terminal of the current detection unit, and the other end of the detection resistor Rs is used as an output terminal of the current detection unit.
6. The overcurrent protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the overcurrent protection unit includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first triode Q1 and a second triode Q2, one end of the third resistor R3 is used as an input end of the overcurrent protection unit, the other end of the third resistor R3 is respectively connected with one end of the fourth resistor R4 and a collector of the first triode Q1, a base of the first triode Q1 is connected with one end of the fourth resistor R4, an emitter of the first triode Q1 is used as a first current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit, a collector of the second triode Q2 is used as an output end of the overcurrent protection unit, a base of the second triode Q2 is used as a second current detection end of the overcurrent protection unit, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the other end of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the fifth triode Q2 is connected with the other end of the fourth resistor R5.
7. The overcurrent protection circuit of claim 6, wherein the first transistor Q1 is an NPN transistor.
8. The overcurrent protection circuit of claim 6, wherein the second transistor Q2 is an NPN transistor.
9. A direct current power supply system comprising the overcurrent protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811287882.9A CN109245032B (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | Overcurrent protection circuit and direct-current power supply system |
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| CN201811287882.9A CN109245032B (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | Overcurrent protection circuit and direct-current power supply system |
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| CN109245032B true CN109245032B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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