CN109241222A - A kind of early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition method - Google Patents
A kind of early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely to reposition method.Its step are as follows: (1) collecting early stage archaeological excavation ruins geolocation data, be summarized as ruins description of station and multi-source heterogeneous spatial data.(2) description of station is subjected to spatial scaled, reference object and target object is confirmed according to description of station, and analyze spatial relation characteristics between the two, converts description of station to using Spatial Relational Model the geography information of space coordinate.(3) multi-source heterogeneous spatial data is integrated, and using the spatial data with geographical coordinate as reference picture, the spatial data for lacking absolute fix is image subject to registration, is chosen several ground control points, is obtained ruins geographic coordinate information using geographic registration model.(4) the space orientation achievement of compound description of station and multi-source heterogeneous spatial data obtains ruins spatial positional information, realizes that early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition, restores the ruins remnants Distribution Pattern and looks excavated.
Description
Technical field
It is specially a kind of to realize that early stage archaeological excavation is lost using polynary geography information the invention belongs to science tour technical field
The new method that location precisely repositions.
Background technique
It is that archeologist understands the important method of human history and relevant archaeological research work is unfolded that Agrocybe praecox, which is excavated,
Basis.Afield in archaeological excavation ruins landform, excavate the various situations in area, including stratum, ruins, remains distribution and
Some marks etc., other than taking a picture with writing record in detail, it is also necessary to various measured drawings are drawn, so as to image
And accurately reflect the situation in ruins and traces.Previous archaeological excavation is can uniquely to grasp its spatial shape more comprehensively
Opportunity, but due to by particular historical condition, instrument and equipment, being limited the spatiality attention degree deficiency in ruins etc., early stage field
Wild archaeological excavation ruins do not introduce unified space orientation concept, only simply use and choose object of reference positioning, draw
The methods of certain proportion ruler archaeological work figure, writing record.After object of reference loses, the space orientation in ruins is not just known where to begin,
Lead to ruins in actual operation and often will appear the side of spying over the years not to be connected accurately, error, spy side in backfill earth's surface occurs in expansion side
Accurate location determines the problems such as difficult, secondly because the especially earthen ruins archaeology backfill of the ruins of most of early stage archaeological excavation
Afterwards, without the planning of associated restoration and Construction Measures, cause ruins gradually by " discarded ".
The research of archaeological site reorientation in recent years is gradually closed in Settlement archeology, Ruins protection management and the fields such as planning
Note summarizes its present Research both domestic and external, and the method for ruins repositioning can be divided into three classes:
The first kind, documents and materials positioning mode.Archaeological site is extracted from documents and materials, local district annals and archaeological recording etc.
Attribute information, descriptive location information, descriptive position is positioned.Wang Jiaqi (2017) utilizes historical document and archaeology
Excavating the Sui great Xing Tang Chang'an city restored map drawn is base map, and inner mill is positioned with code name, and inner mill range is divided 16 cells, small
Area is unit marks ruins geographical location；Cao Feifei (2017) extracts archaeological site attribute information, descriptive position from document
Confidence breath and multimedia document, descriptive position is positioned, latitude and longitude information is converted into, passes through one of field record
The error range of positioning accuracy information description positioning；Zheng Xin (2009) is lost according to written historical materials description, historical relic atlas etc.
Location accurate location cannot investigate minority in the ruins of accurate location, then carry out relatively according to the Position Approximate of information
It is positioned for rough orientation type.
Second class, on-the-spot investigation positioning mode.On-the-spot investigation positioning mode is adjusted on the spot according to archaeological materials and being recorded
Examination card, changes less earth's surface or there are the ruins of archaeological excavation trace, utilize Technique of Satellite Navigation and Positioning GPS
(Global Positioning System) may be implemented ruins position and accurately reposition.Chen Chun (1999) is to the small ruins Chang Liang
Findspot and in the past all previous spy side make GPS positioning, combing with solve the small ruins Chang Liang excavated in the past in disordered state, survey
Obtain ruins marker table, spy side, the longitude and latitude of features of terrain point and relative position distance over the years；Xu Jing (2014) detects 1987
It was found that and at that time failed excavate underwater " South Sea No.1 " shipwreck, calculate submerged wreck using satellite navigation underwater positioning system
Position, and position of the Dynamically Announce underwater carrier in Geodetic coordinate system.Jin Bingjun (2015) has found past excavation
Report does not recognize that grave and the location prominence of whole archaeological sites pass through to correct the accurate location in Han dynasty grave
On-the-spot investigation is maked corrections using work such as GPS measurement grave latitude and longitude coordinates.
Third class, satellite image positioning mode.The something lost that has been directed to archaeology remnants, and can have been viewed on satellite image
The high-precision positioning in ruins may be implemented using satellite image in location.Thomas etc. (2008) is by Google Earth to A Fu
Sweat has carried out large-scale virtual field work, updates and verify the plan view in known ruins, for no drafting plan view
Know that plan view is drawn in ruins, and unknown ruins that may be present are positioned by image analysis；Western village's sun (2016) proposes to be based on
Data similitude evidence judges the identity in ruins and the similitude of spatial image historical data, obtains silk using Google Earth
Road ruins geographical coordinate；The happy tinkling of pieces of jade (2017) to the ground famous cake that has archaeological site, and can be viewed on satellite image,
It realizes the high-precision positioning in ruins, with reference to live forms, restores initial stage in Northern Song Dynasty the Silk Road thoroughfare spirit state highway.
The above several method has the effect of certain in terms of early stage archaeological excavation ruins reorientation, while there is also many
Problem.Documents and materials positioning mode can make full use of existing data information, but toponym's changing, azimuth recording inaccuracy, landforms
Environmental change etc. can all make the reduction of ruins positioning accuracy；On-the-spot investigation method positioning accuracy is higher, but is easy by environmental restrictions,
It is time-consuming and laborious, and be difficult to accurately grasp the distribution situation in known ruins；Satellite image positioning mode is to having archaeological site and in satellite
The ruins positioning that can be viewed on image preferably, but to there is archaeological site, fails to see satellite image, or can see image
But it not can determine that the ruins positioned needed for the image is exactly and be not suitable for.The archaeological excavation of early stage has accumulated graph image abundant
Data and text information information, are targetedly arranged, handled and are analyzed to existing material, and combine modern science and technology
The spatial position coordinate and distribution situation for determining the ruins remnants of archaeological discovery in the past are of great significance.
The present invention arranges early stage archaeological excavation ruins related data by screening, extracts geographical letter relevant to ruins position
Breath.In conjunction with description of station and multi-source heterogeneous spatial data, ruins spatial information is excavated, a variety of geometrical models and mathematical model pair are utilized
Information carries out space quantization and conversion, realizes the accurate repositioning in early stage archaeological excavation ruins.The present invention can be accurately positioned
Ruins characteristic point coordinate is extracted in the spatial position in ruins, improves the efficiency and precision of location presentation, reduction ruins early stage archaeology hair
The space distribution situation of pick can be visited again and be re-recognized for ruins protection from now on and planning, ruins and know etc. and to provide support and reference.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that early stage archaeological excavation ruins space orientation is fuzzy, traces are distributed unknown, archaeological information and existing
The problems such as truth condition is removed.It utilizes early stage archaeological excavation ruins related data, and screening arranges ruins space and attribute information, right
Ruins data carries out data mining, realizes that ruins space precisely repositions.The present invention not only can be early stage archaeological excavation ruins
Accuracy Space attribute is provided, restores the ruins remnants Distribution Pattern and looks excavated, while can be ruins research, ruins environment
Assessment and cultural heritage conservative management provide data and data is supported.
The invention discloses a kind of early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely to reposition method.Its step are as follows:
(1) it collects comprehensively, arrange early stage archaeological excavation ruins related data, extract geographical letter relevant to ruins position
It is concluded the description of station and multi-source heterogeneous space number for being recorded as expressing based on textual statements according to information type feature by breath respectively
According to.
(2) description of station is subjected to spatial scaled work.It is described according to the text information of description of station, confirms reference object and mesh
Object is marked, and analyzes spatial relation characteristics between the two, being converted description of station to using corresponding Spatial Relational Model is had
The geography information of space coordinate.
(3) multi-source heterogeneous spatial data is integrated and integrates.Using the spatial data with geographical coordinate as reference picture, lack
The spatial data of few absolute fix chooses several ground control points as image subject to registration, using geographic registration model, establishes
Space reflection relationship between reference picture and image subject to registration, the georeferencing of unified multi-source heterogeneous spatial data, obtains ruins
Accurate geographic position.
(4) the space orientation achievement of compound description of station and multi-source heterogeneous spatial data obtains ruins spatial positional information, mentions
The space coordinate of ruins characteristic point is taken, realizes the accurate repositioning in early stage archaeological excavation ruins.
(1) gather material and integration
The related data in early stage archaeological excavation ruins is collected, arranged comprehensively, including writing record, archaeology are drawn, picture money
All element informations related with ruins position such as material.With reference to the Agrocybe praecox working regulation of early stage, need to collect and ruins, something lost
The relevant writing record in geographical locations such as location area or archaeology spy side includes: Agrocybe praecox investigation records table, comprising ruins place, is subordinate to
Belong to villages and small towns, specific location, geographical environment description, the information such as area and range；Spy side's record sheet is excavated in area containing spy side place
Position and week adjacent spy side, area, direction；Traces record sheet registers plan-position of the traces in spy side, with other traces
Relative position etc..It includes excavating zone position figure and total flat, sectional view that archaeology, which is drawn,；The flat of spy side, sectional view and traces it is flat,
Sectional view etc..Picture information includes photo, aeroplane photography etc..It additionally needs to collect ruins location early stage topographic map, ruins
Excavate the Aerophotography in front and back period, the geographical backgrounds data such as recent satellite-remote-sensing image data.
The data information that induction and conclusion is collected is classified as ruins description of station letter according to the expression-form of ruins location information
Breath and multi-source heterogeneous spatial data.Description of station is to utilize the ruins spatial position feature description of textual statements expression and explanation, example
Record in such as archaeological recording table.Multi-source heterogeneous spatial data is to express ruins geographical location by graph image form, such as
Satellite image, archaeology drawing etc..Both different types of geography information need to be utilized respectively different model methods and are lost
Location space orientation.
(2) description of station spatial transformation
The description of station in early stage archaeological excavation ruins is with ruins area, excavates area, archaeology spy side or traces unit etc. as mesh
Object is marked, by the spatial position description of atmospheric reference factor and explanation.It will be converted into based on the description of station that textual statements are expressed
The efficiency and precision of location presentation can be improved in geographical coordinate.Description of station generally comprises 3 elements, i.e., target object, referring to right
As and spatial relationship between them.It is using binary group expression are as follows:
T0=(R0,{relationship}) (2-1)
T0Indicate the target object for needing to relocate, such as ruins area, excavation area, archaeology spy side, traces；R0Indicate reference
Object, such as villages and small towns, river element；{ relationship } is the set of spatial relationship between target object and reference object.
According to description of station information, it is first determined reference object and target object in every information, analysis reference object with
Spatial relationship between target object is commonly divided into three classes, i.e. position relation, metric relation, topological relation.Secondly phase is utilized
The Spatial Relational Model answered carries out the spatial transformation of text information.Position relation is used to describe the sequence side of target in space
Formula is positioned using orientation model, and specific method is that the wholecircle direction in space is subject to principal direction to be divided into 8 regions,
Form 8 regions (east, northeast, north, northwest, west, southwest, south, the southeast) and 4 due south, due north, due east, due west principal directions.
Using object of reference as starting point, according to description of station azimuth information, the delta-shaped region or principal direction line segment in the orientation are drawn, realizes target
The position relation spatialization (Fig. 2) of object and object of reference.
Distance model reflects the length measuring relationship between object of reference and object, it is assumed that target object and reference object away from
From for D, error d, then target is located in centered on reference object, radius is the annular region (Fig. 3) of [D+d, D-d].
Topological model reflects the spatial topotaxy between object of reference and target object.The common spatial topotaxy of description of station
Have include, by comprising, intersection, mutually from etc. relationships.Comprising indicating object within the scope of object of reference, positioning is object of reference model
It encloses；Intersection can utilize orientation model orientation；By comprising or mutually refine from orientation model and distance model can be combined to position it.
Space is converted by all effective description of station information in early stage archaeological excavation ruins using Spatial Relational Model to believe
Result is overlapped display by GIS software by breath, and the spatial dimension of positioning result covering is possible to as ruins institute
In region, and region overlapping degree reflects as ruins possibility probability, and degree of overlapping is higher, then is more possible to as ruins location
Manage range.
(3) multi-source heterogeneous spatial data is integrated
Early stage archaeological excavation ruins can obtain a large amount of archaeology drawing, photo and image data, but georeferencing is not united
One, the problems such as object of reference missing, control point location, makes spatial data be difficult to make effective use of.Geographic registration model can benefit
With there are geospatial information data, it is made to have the absolute coordinate under uniform spaces refer to.Suitable reference picture is selected first,
Corresponding position acquires control point of several control point targets as coordinate matching on reference picture and image subject to registration
(GCP), the coordinate information at control point is imported into geographic registration model, carries out coordinate conversion and calculate, completes graph image subject to registration
Coordinate matching correction.Registration accuracy is constrained by control point root-mean-square error (RMS).
Geographic registration model can select multinomial model, and multinomial model is to carry out analog correction using mathematical function to wait for
It is registrated image, modular concept is simple, and calculating speed is fast, is suitable for landform flat country and carries out geographical space positioning and fine correction.
Single order multinomial model is also referred to as affine Transform Model, using simplest linear transformation, can satisfy the lesser figure of coverage area
As fine positioning demand, and higher order polynomial model is preferable for GCP, the more data fitting effect of sample point, is applicable in more extensive.
The general mathematical expression of multinomial model is as follows:
(x, y) is image GCP coordinate subject to registration in formula, and (u, v) is the corresponding GCP coordinate of reference picture；N=1,2,3 ... are
Polynomial order；aij, bij(i, j=0,1,2 ..., n-i) is multinomial coefficient, can be solved according to principle of least square method；It is right
It is at least (n+1) (n+2)/2 in the number of n-order polynomial, GCP, to guarantee that RMS is minimum, selection as much as possible is needed to see
Test sample sheet, to improve space orientation accuracy.
(4) early stage archaeological excavation ruins space orientation
Ruins positioning result based on description of station spatial transformation is folded with the positioning result based on multi-source heterogeneous spatial data
Add, determines the accurate spatial position in early stage archaeological excavation ruins.Vector quantization is carried out to ruins relevant factor using GIS tool and is recorded
Enter attribute information, extract the space coordinate of ruins area characteristic point, realizes that early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition.Due to being based on
The spatial position of description of station describes, and either target object all has certain spatial location laws also with reference to object, puts it
Remember that spatial transformation precision is limited, but for the early stage archaeological excavation ruins for lacking spatial data data, based on description of station
The value and utilization efficiency of data can be improved in space orientation, is the effective means for realizing the repositioning of ruins space.
The present invention applies in the village Hui Xianmeng ruins space precisely repositions, and achievement is shown to be realized based on the present invention
Ruins positioning, spatial accuracy is higher, can convenient and efficient extractions correlation traces remnants attribute information.Meanwhile entire treatment process
It is based on computer and GIS software, Data acquisition and Proclssing process engineering is accurate, and innovatively provides to text
Material information is utilized and is processed, and is precisely repositioned for ruins space and is provided economic, efficient approach, is engaged in archaeological studies, environment
The consistent favorable comment of the related fieldss such as archaeology.Insider thinks that early stage archaeological excavation ruins of the invention precisely reposition method
Scientific and effective feasible, not only facilitate ruins archaeological materials gos deep into digging utilization, restores and is laid out simultaneously for archaeological site
Research has to be promoted and help well, it is believed that the popularization of this method and application it is more enough for early stage archaeological excavation ruins from now on
Protective plan, ruins visit again and re-recognize and know etc. that offers are helped and supported well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition method flow diagram
Fig. 2: orientation model
Fig. 3: distance model
Fig. 4-a: historical sites reservation positioning
Fig. 4-b: Meng Zhuandong is positioned
Fig. 4-c: highway buffer area positioning
Fig. 5: the ruins space orientation figure based on description of station
Fig. 6: ruins planning chart geographic registration
Fig. 7: Meng Zhuan distribution map of ruins
Fig. 8: it is superimposed based on description of station and spatial data positioning result
Specific embodiment
The ruins Meng Zhuan are located at Huixian City of Henan Province town Meng Zhuan east side, 4 kilometers far from county town of northwest.For the Neolithic Age to spring and autumn
The ruins of the Warring States Period are the important materials for probing into Chinese ancient civilization origin.Nineteen fifty-one is found, and 1992 to phase nineteen ninety-five
Between once carry out multiple archaeological excavation, disclose area up to 4600 square metres, ruins approximate ellipsoidal, about 300,000 square metres of the gross area,
It was found that having the Longshan culture, two the inside culture and the three folded Tu Cheng in three periods of Shang dynasty, the remains in a large amount of each periods of being unearthed.Meng Zhuan
The excavation in ruins is research primitive society to class society's transition, and the main historical events such as summer quotient substitutes provide capsule information,
The annalistic sequence of archaeology to establish this area provides condition, is also the art of architecture in research each period, cultural looks mention
New material is supplied.
It is destroyed since the ruins archaeological excavation time is more early, and by multiple prepartion of land, irrigation and water conservancy projects, at present
Ruins area topography is flat, and earth's surface is covered by crops, from being difficult to intuitively to obtain ruins range, integral layout and remnants point on the ground
The information such as cloth.Technical method of the invention the ruins Meng Zhuan implementation and realization, for the sky in domestic early stage archaeological excavation ruins
Between reorientation research there is important reference and demonstration value, therefore choose and be used as preliminary test for the ruins of the village Hui Xianmeng.
It states early stage archaeological excavation provided by the invention ruins in detail with subordinate list with reference to the accompanying drawing and precisely repositions method:
Itself the following steps are included:
(1) gather material and arrangement
The related data for arranging the village Hui Xianmeng ruins is collected, wherein documents and materials include that Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics is write
" village Hui Xianmeng ", archaeological excavation bulletin and research papers；Data information is more in December, 2017 including in December, 2009
The town Qi Mengzhuan Google High Resolution Remote Sensing Satellites striograph, 2010 simultaneously disclosed by China Institute of Building Standard Design & Research's design
The ruins Meng Zhuan planning chart and Henan Province's geo-spatial data.The data being collected into is subjected to inducing classification, description of station packet
It includes in documents and materials, the network information about ruins spatial position verbal description；Multi-source heterogeneous spatial data includes remote sensing image, Meng
Block plan is excavated in ruins in village Ruins protection master plan, fundamental geological vector data and documents and materials, spy side traces are put down
Face figure etc..
(2) description of station spatial transformation
The spatial transformation step of description of station includes that screening arranges description of station information, determines reference object R0With target object T0,
Spatial relation characteristics between the two are analyzed, the spatial transformation of spatialization model realization description of station is utilized.
1) analysis and processing of description of station information
It is mentioned in " village Hui Xianmeng " text, " ruins Meng Zhuan are located on the tableland in Huixian City of Henan Province town Meng Zhuan east side, lose
Location approximate ellipsoidal, about 300,000 square metres of the gross area "；" 1992 using Xinghua middle school enclosure wall northeast corner as basic point, 520 meters eastwards,
560 meters to the south, be emphasis protection zone.From westwards eastwards each 100 meters of emphasis area, 80 meters to the south, northwards 120 meters are general protection
Range "；" subregion total basic point in ruins is located at the southeast in ruins, is mark with a cable marking stake "；" in December, 1992~1993 year
April is the cooperation township Xin Hui to the capital construction of Huixian highway, has carried out archaeological excavation to the ruins the Meng Zhuan central and east ".
" in altogether Huixian history of the Party " record, " hundred springs east, one branch canal, was Meng Zhuan canal originally, also referred to as the first canal of general Ji.Nineteen twenty-eight Feng Yu
It is auspicious from hundred spring diversions to Meng Zhuan.It continues within 1934, extends to the village Jian Tou south.1970 with building stones by the eastern branch canal of hundred springs from Mei Xi
Accomplish closed conduit below ".The Meng Zhuan canal and closed conduit being previously mentioned in text, corresponding with " village Hui Xianmeng ": " the 1930s is in ruins north
Portion builds a water channel, makes the subject to severe risks of damage of the ruins central and north.The 1960s builds Meng Zhuan canal, Longshan in ruins western part
The western half portion of the west city wall of culture and Shang dynasty is substantially all to be destroyed ".In addition, being learnt using Internet resources, in the east Meng Zhuan 1
Ground, the major cultural relic protection upright stone tablet geographical coordinate that standing on the highway in Huixian to Xinxiang has the village Hui Xianmeng ruins are 113 ° of 57'E, 35 °
26'N[22].Mark upright stone tablet is generally located in cultural relics protection unit's entrance.
In summary information, in conjunction with ruins area status, filter out effective description of station information and analyze it includes space
Relationship (table 1).
1 description of station Analysis of spatial relations table of table
2) description of station spatialization is handled
According to the difference of reference object type and location accuracy, the spatial transformation model and parameter of selection are poor
It is different.Xinghua middle school enclosure wall northeast corner is existing intact, and clear with object position relation and metric relation, therefore ruins emphasis is protected
It protects area and general scope of conservation area can straight space quantization (Fig. 4-a).The town Meng Zhuan and ruins area are face data, and only be can determine that
Its position relation, therefore reference object can be reduced to face central point, it is positioned using orientation model, farthest point is set as ravine
The southwest corner Tou Cun (Fig. 4-b).Highway intersects in the middle part of ruins, ruins shape approximate ellipsoidal, and about 300,000 square metres of the gross area, that
Ruins area radius is about 310 meters.The highway center Ruo Yimeng Zhuan Zhen is starting point, and the village Yi Jiantou southwest corner is terminal, according to distance
Model, parameter D=0, d=310 meter, then ruins region is 310 meters of buffer area ranges of highway (Fig. 4-c).
By each figure overlay analysis, as a result as shown in Figure 5.The spatial dimension covered after description of station spatial transformation is possible to
For ruins region, the bigger region of degree of overlapping is that the probability in ruins area is higher, and twill symbol area is then that ruins area may
The maximum probability range of position.
(3) multi-source heterogeneous spatial data is integrated
Document and data information are unclogged and readjusted, sorts out spatial data, and evaluate the quality of data, as shown in table 2.Herein
The village Yi Meng town remote sensing image in 2017 is as the reference data with geographical coordinate.Coordinate range is 113.814 ° -113.843 °
E, 35.442 ° of -35.412 ° of N.The region is located at No. 38 bands of 3 degree of points of bands, and 114 ° of central meridian, using ArcGIS by image projecting
It is transformed to Gaüss-Krüger projection.
2 spatial data source of table and Data Quality Analysis table
The ruins Meng Zhuan planning chart has more visible base map and ruins boundary (city wall, moat etc.), chooses on base map special
Sign point is used as the control point GCP, carries out geographic registration and correction with high score remote sensing image.Calibration model uses second order polynomial mould
Type.According to second order polynomial model mathematical function formula, parameter n=2, then GCP >=6, model can simplify are as follows:
(x, y) is the GCP coordinate chosen on the planning chart of the ruins Meng Zhuan in formula, and (u, v) is that 2017 years remote sensing images are corresponding
GCP coordinate solves a, b using least square method.By many experiments, GCP 8, RMS=0.5 after correction are chosen altogether, in fact
Now the spatial position on ruins boundary is positioned, such as Fig. 6.The result shows that planning chart and Remote Sensing Images Matching result are preferable, can be used for
The processing of further ruins data.
Block plan is excavated in ruins to be had more visible ruins boundary and excavates spy side's information, and space and geographical coordinate is unknown.Therefore will
Block plan and the further spatial registration of planning chart and correction can obtain more detailed ruins spatial distribution letter by image registration
Breath.Using the ruins planning chart after correction as reference picture, the city wall (or moat) for choosing ruins excavation subregion map logo is turned
Point is visited 8 characteristic points such as corner point and is matched as GCP with planning chart corresponding position, RMS=0.4.According to scheming after correction
Picture, vector quantization editor, as a result as shown in Figure 8.
(4) space orientation of ruins ruins and information extraction
Ruins space orientation result based on description of station is superimposed (figure with the positioning result based on multi-source heterogeneous spatial data
7).Spatial data orientation range is fully located within description of station orientation range, is better than base based on spatial data ruins positioning accuracy
In the ruins space orientation of description of station.Achievement, which is positioned, according to multi-source heterogeneous spatial data ruins shows that the ruins Meng Zhuan are divided into 21
A area, each partition size are 100*100 meters, wherein two to 21 area's close-packed arrays, an area is independently of townsite east side.It surveys
Two to 20 outer region contour boundaries after amount correction, total length is about 1799.674 meters, differs 0.326 with 1800 meters of true value
Rice, error is about 0.02%, and precision is higher.
The spatial information after the reorientation of ruins is obtained using ArcGIS tool, Qu total basic point in ruins is located at five area's southeast corners
(i.e. six area southwest corners).By picking up the coordinate, the space coordinate of total basic point is 113.834 ° of E, 35.4227 ° of N, is located at white
The most the east on colour grid column, 85 meters of S229 provincial highway or so away from northeastward.Ruins city wall area is about 29906.6 square metres, shield
Fosse is 37259.7 square metres, is engaged in archaeological studies about 5392.1 square metres of spy side's gross area.Archaeological excavation spy side is in ruins area northeast
It is more concentrated with Midwest distribution.Experiment shows the space using polynary geography information precise positioning early stage archaeological excavation ruins
Position be it is feasible, can be achieved on.
It is effective, feasible that present invention early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition methodological science, not only facilitates ruins archaeology
Data gos deep into digging utilization, and restoring simultaneously for archaeological site has promotion and help well, phase with layout research
It is that early stage archaeological excavation ruins protective plan from now on, ruins are visited again and re-recognized and know etc. and to mention that the popularization of letter this method is more enough with application
For helping and supporting well.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition method, comprising the following steps:
1) it collects comprehensively, arrange early stage archaeological excavation ruins related data, extract geography information relevant to ruins position, according to
It is concluded the description of station and multi-source heterogeneous spatial data for being recorded as expressing based on textual statements by information type feature respectively.
2) description of station is subjected to spatial scaled work.It is described according to the text information of description of station, confirmation reference object and target pair
As, and spatial relation characteristics between the two are analyzed, it is converted description of station to space using corresponding Spatial Relational Model
The geography information of coordinate.
3) multi-source heterogeneous spatial data is integrated and integrates.Using the spatial data with geographical coordinate as reference picture, lack absolutely
To the spatial data of positioning as image subject to registration, several ground control points are chosen, utilize geographic registration model, establish reference
Space reflection relationship between image and image subject to registration, the georeferencing of unified multi-source heterogeneous spatial data, it is accurate to obtain ruins
Geographical location.
4) the space orientation achievement of compound description of station and multi-source heterogeneous spatial data obtains ruins spatial positional information, extracts and loses
The space coordinate of location characteristic point realizes the accurate repositioning in early stage archaeological excavation ruins.
2. early stage archaeological excavation according to claim 1 ruins precisely reposition method, it is characterised in that: the step 1)
Further comprise: the description of station based on textual statements expression refers to the description of spatial position feature and explanation in ruins, multi-source heterogeneous
Spatial data refers to all figures relevant to ruins such as archaeology mapping, aerophotograph photography, satellite-remote-sensing image, Ruins protection planning chart
Shape image information.
3. early stage archaeological excavation according to claim 1 ruins precisely reposition method, it is characterised in that: the step 2)
Further comprise: the target object of early stage archaeological excavation ruins description of station can be ruins area, excavate area, archaeology spy side or lose
The relevant element information in the ruins such as mark unit, reference object are ruins ambient elements, and the two includes position relation, measurement pass
One or more combined spatial relationships such as system, topological relation.The spatial relation characteristics for analyzing description of station, using corresponding space
Text description information is converted geographical coordinate by relational model.
4. early stage archaeological excavation according to claim 1 ruins precisely reposition method, it is characterised in that: the step 2)
Further comprise: Spatial Relational Model includes orientation model, distance model, topological model etc..Orientation model: reference object is chosen
Center determines principal direction, and principal direction is subject in the wholecircle direction in space, 8 regions are divided into, according to description of station validation of information
Orientation zone or principal direction where target object.Distance model: selection reference object is the center of circle, utilizes description of station information extraction
Distance and error lengths between reference object and target object, subtract error lengths with the distance between object of reference and object
As inner circle radius, object of reference is exradius plus error lengths at a distance from object, makees to justify respectively, final goal object
Orientation range is the annular region that inside and outside circle is constituted.Topological model be related to include, by comprising, intersection, mutually from etc. it is a variety of topology close
System, comprising indicating object within the scope of object of reference, positioning is object of reference range；Intersection can utilize orientation model orientation；Quilt
Include or mutually refines from orientation model and distance model can be combined to position it.
5. early stage archaeological excavation according to claim 1 ruins precisely reposition method, it is characterised in that: the step 3)
Further comprise: selection reference picture, corresponding position acquires several control point targets on reference picture and image subject to registration
As the control point of coordinate matching, the coordinate information at control point is imported into geographic registration model, coordinate conversion is carried out and calculates, complete
Graph image coordinate matching correction subject to registration.
6. early stage archaeological excavation according to claim 1 ruins precisely reposition method, it is characterised in that: the step 4)
Further comprise: the ruins space orientation result based on description of station is superimposed with the positioning result based on multi-source heterogeneous spatial data,
Positioning accuracy, vector quantization ruins element are examined, and carries out spatial statistics and amount calculation, extracts the space coordinate letter of ruins characteristic point
Breath realizes that early stage archaeological excavation ruins precisely reposition.
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