CN109236481A - Method for heating at least one catalyst converter of the internal combustion engine of the cylinder with Odd number - Google Patents

Method for heating at least one catalyst converter of the internal combustion engine of the cylinder with Odd number Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109236481A
CN109236481A CN201810751043.1A CN201810751043A CN109236481A CN 109236481 A CN109236481 A CN 109236481A CN 201810751043 A CN201810751043 A CN 201810751043A CN 109236481 A CN109236481 A CN 109236481A
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China
Prior art keywords
cylinder
air
fuel ratio
catalyst converter
internal combustion
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Granted
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CN201810751043.1A
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CN109236481B (en
Inventor
M.克诺普
S.哈尔
J.舒尔策
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F02D41/0082—Controlling each cylinder individually per groups or banks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0255—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0295—Control according to the amount of oxygen that is stored on the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
    • F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0814—Oxygen storage amount

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods for heating at least one catalyst converter of the internal combustion engine (10) of the cylinder with Odd number, the successive cylinder of two of them with can prespecified ignition order form a pair, wherein described pair of a cylinder is run in the air/fuel ratio (λ) greater than one and described pair another cylinder is with air/fuel ratio (λ) operation less than one, wherein described pair of whole air/fuel ratio (λ) obtains value that can be prespecified.

Description

For heating at least one catalyst converter of the internal combustion engine of the cylinder with Odd number Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of according to independent claims for heating the internal combustion of the cylinder with Odd number The method of at least one catalyst converter of machine.Moreover, it relates to a kind of computer program, the computer program sets up use A method in execution the method.
Background technique
Catalyst converter heating is implemented currently with the measure of the engine of multiplicity, to bring catalyst converter into as quickly as possible In the temperature window optimal to its exhaust gas, so that the high efficiency for being preferably minimized and guaranteeing catalyst converter will be discharged.For example Such as the operating point being also optimal within the conversion window of catalyst converter after engine start-up, other engine is taken Measure, to keep catalyst converter to warm.One of these measures are, for example, λ separation.Here, cylinder alternately about it is known because It runs with counting oil-poor (mager) and rich oil (fett).
13 20 890 B4 of DE discloses a kind of for heating in the catalysis of at least one of exhaust gas of combustion motors (12) The method of device (36,38), the internal combustion engine light a fire and inject fuel directly at least one combustion chamber (11) using external source Air inflation in work, the method is by alternately generating oil-poor combustion chamber at least one described combustion chamber (11) It inflates to realize, wherein the combustion motors (12) are in first method of operation with the burning of layering the combustion chamber of inflation and rich oil Room inflation runs and inflates operation in second method of operation with the combustion chamber of homogeneous, wherein oil-poor combustion chamber is inflated in institute It states and is generated in first method of operation, and the combustion chamber inflation of rich oil generates in second method of operation, and wherein rich oil The external source igniting (65) of combustion chamber inflation is postponed ground compared to the external source igniting (63) that oil-poor combustion chamber is inflated and is carried out, feature It is, the postponement of external source igniting (65) distributes in this wise, so that the burning for the burning and rich oil inflated from oil-poor combustion chamber The burning of room inflation obtains same torque.
0 902 172 A2 of EP discloses a kind of method for running the internal combustion engine of multi-cylinder, which has gasoline Function of the direct-injection into cylinder, in the method, for after-burning of the gasoline in exhaust apparatus, at least one cylinder is followed from one Ring to another cycle alternation be more than or less than or sometimes equal to 1.0 λ value in run, and at least another vapour Cylinder from one with being recycled to another cycle alternation less or greater than or sometimes equal to 1.0 λ value in run.Thus exist After-burning can occur within the exhaust apparatus of internal combustion engine, the after-burning does not have additional injection and igniter, without secondary sky Air pump and the not expensive adjusting dependent on temperature also can be possible.
In the engine of the number of cylinders with odd number, the configuration of the fixation of the air/fuel ratio λ of each cyclical-transformation Forcibly cause: due to the quantity of the odd number of cylinder, it is impossible for being uniformly distributed, so that occurring being not intended to differentiated Torque.
Due to different air/fuel ratio λ and mainly by the unequal quantity of cylinder, cylinder is mentioned by cylinder The torque of confession never λ separate normal operation to λ separate run transition when change.Such variation can be with Felt by driver.
Summary of the invention
In this context, task of the invention lies in: provide have Odd number cylinder internal combustion engine at least one The optimal heating of catalyst converter, wherein all cylinders are used for heatable catalytic converter.
The present invention relates to for heat with Odd number cylinder internal combustion engine at least one catalyst converter method and Device and on a storage medium for implementing the computer program of this method.The scheme of being advantageously improved is independent claims Theme.
In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of for heating at least one with the internal combustion engine of cylinder of Odd number The method of catalyst converter, the successive cylinder of two of them with can prespecified ignition order form a pair, wherein the one of this pair A cylinder is run in the air/fuel ratio greater than one, and another cylinder of this pair is transported with the air/fuel ratio less than one Row, wherein the whole air/fuel ratio of this pair obtain can be prespecified value.
In this case particularly advantageously: by cylinder be larger and smaller than one air/fuel ratio it is alternate Run and pass through the pairs of combination of two successive cylinders and by for the united air/fuel ratio for this pair It is prespecified, it is ensured that the good smoothness of operation of the internal combustion engine because the unequal property of torque is uniformly distributed in In heating process.Be accordingly used in the internal combustion engine with the cylinder of Odd number, particularly for having the internal combustion there are three cylinder The catalyst converter heating of machine be it is possible, vehicle driver does not feel that the operating of undesirable torque disturbances or internal combustion engine is flat Stability is disturbed.That is, all cylinders are especially participated in heating process with ignition order, so that can Quickly reach the heating of catalyst converter.
Furthermore it can be stated that for described pair of whole air/fuel ratio can prespecified value be one.
This is particularly advantageous when using ternary catalyzing unit, because can guarantee for by internal combustion engine in this case The high conversion of the harmful substance of generation.
Reached by the alternately oil-poor and rich oil operation of cylinder: the exhaust gas of every two cylinder obtains expectation in summation Air/fuel ratio and therefore reach best possible exhaust gas conversion.
On the other hand, the remaining cylinder in burn cycle and the cylinder from burn cycle then particularly with Cylinder can prespecified ignition order form a pair.By forming this to can guarantee the vapour with Odd number The uniform smoothness of operation of the internal combustion engine of cylinder.
In addition, a cylinder of this pair according to the first factor with less than one air/fuel ratio operation and this pair it is another One cylinder is run according to the second factor with the air/fuel ratio greater than one.
In addition, the first factor is according to compared with maximum threshold value that can be prespecified, particularly passing through air/fuel Than being limited.
This is with particular advantage: efficiency and combustion limits can be observed by the limitation for the first factor.Pass through In view of the air/fuel ratio limited prevents: in whole λ variation, the λ of the cylinder of rich oil is located at through burning pole Limit, ignition angle adjustable range and sometimes for mobility reasons institute it is prespecified within the scope of.
In addition, the second factor is according to compared with the smallest threshold value that can be prespecified, particularly passing through air/fuel Than being limited.
The operation of the safety of internal combustion engine can be abided by by the second factor of limitation and abides by combustion limits.By considering The air/fuel ratio limited prevents: in whole λ variation, the λ of oil-poor cylinder is located at through combustion limits, igniting Angle of regulation range and sometimes for mobility reasons institute it is prespecified within the scope of.
In a kind of improvement project, it is determined that the value of the oxygen fill level at least one catalyst converter, and work as institute State the oxygen fill level at least one catalyst converter value be more than it is described can be prespecified threshold value when, described at least one The process of the heating of a catalyst converter is started with the air/fuel ratio less than one.
If at least one described catalyst converter has been stored in enough oxygen, it is particularly advantageous that: catalyst converter heating (Katheizen) process is started with the air/fuel ratio less than one, because having existed oxygen as heating process Reactive component.Thus prevent: the oxygen storage fill level of catalyst converter proceeds in its limit and the exhaust gas of catalyst converter Conversion decline.
In a kind of flexible improvement project, it is determined that oxygen fill level at least one catalyst converter Value, and when the value of the oxygen fill level at least one catalyst converter is lower than the threshold value that can be prespecified When, the process of the heating of at least one catalyst converter is started with the air/fuel ratio greater than one.
This is favourable, because therefore can effectively implement the heating for catalyst converter.It is possible thereby to prevent: catalyst converter Oxygen storage fill level proceed in its limit and the exhaust gas conversion of catalyst converter reduce.
Advantageously, the internal combustion engine is run in the operating status of homogeneous.
On the other hand, the internal combustion engine can be gasoline direct and/or combustion gas operation internal combustion engine, particularly utilization Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG-Liquefied Petroleum Gas) utilizes the natural gas (CNG-Compressed compressed Natural Gas) operation internal combustion engine.
In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a kind of device, particularly controller and computer program, they are set up, Especially it is programmed for implementing one of the method method.In terms of another other, the present invention relates to a kind of machines Readable storage medium stores the computer program on the machine readable storage medium.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by means of embodiment the present invention is further explained.Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the internal combustion engine with direct-injection and exhaust apparatus, which has catalyst converter；
Fig. 2 shows the example of the method for at least one catalyst converter of the internal combustion engine for heating the cylinder with Odd number Process；And
Fig. 3 shows two burn cycles.
Specific embodiment
The schematic diagram of the internal combustion engine 10 with direct-injection and exhaust apparatus is shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust apparatus, which has, urges Change device.The internal combustion engine 10 has at least one combustion chamber 11, and the combustion chamber is movably sealed by piston 12.Combustion chamber 11 The transformation of inflation controlled by least one intake valve 6 and at least one exhaust valve 7.Intake valve 6 is by intake valve tune It saves device 4 to manipulate, and exhaust valve 7 is manipulated by exhaust valve adjuster 5.Air inlet valve adjuster 4 and exhaust valve adjuster 5 not only may be used To be realized by camshaft as mechanical adjuster, can also be realized by electric regulator or air-operated controller.
Piston 12 aspirates air from air inlet pipe 13 when intake valve 6 is opened.During aspiration procedure and/or in pressure then During compression process, fuel is directly matched by injection valve 8 to be given in combustion chamber 11.The generated gaseous mixture that can be burnt is burning (external source igniting) is lighted using spark plug 9 in room 11.
When exhaust valve 7 is opened, burned exhaust gas is discharged in exhaust apparatus by combustion chamber 11.Catalyst converter 18 is located at row Device of air downstream, that is to say, that be located at 17 downstream of exhaust pipe.The catalyst converter 18 can be for example by three support constructions 20,21 And 22 composition, the support construction is the difference is that their catalyst coatings.The catalyst converter 18 is preferably configured to ternary Catalyst converter, and adjusted in the case where air/fuel ratio λ is equal to one.It alternatively or additionally, can also be with tandem Or multiple catalyst converters are arranged parallel with one another.When adjusting in the case where λ is equal to one, internal combustion engine 10 is alternately with excessive oxygen It is run with oxygen deficiency, wherein the cycle time of the oil-poor transformation of rich oil-is located in second region.In this case, the catalysis Device 18 stores oxygen and nitrogen in the excessive oxygen stage, and in the oxygen insufficient stage by the oxygen and nitrogen and below useless It reacts to the hydrocarbon and catalyzing carbon monoxide for including in gas and generates carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen.In this case Also referred to as storage-type catalytic converter 18.
And if internal combustion engine 10 is for longer periods run with oil-poor gaseous mixture, that is with excessive oxygen, increase The nitrogen oxides discharged with adding is absorbed by the catalyst coatings of the support construction 20,21 and 22 in catalyst converter 18 and with nitric acid The form of salt nitrogen (Stickstoffnitraten) stores.
This nitrate nitrogen is decomposed by internal combustion engine 10 with the operation of the short time of the gaseous mixture of rich oil again.It is adjusted with λ=1 Section is not on the contrary, the oil-poor stage and rich oil stage that the operation of catalyst converter 18 is utilized are near symmetricals.Catalyst converter 18 can be with needle Oxygen and nitrogen oxides storage are got up to the period of the order of magnitude in minute and the oxygen and nitrogen oxides exist The period of the order of magnitude in the second releases again in the form being converted.Internal combustion engine 10 can amount to above oil-poorly as a result, Operation, and the nitrogen oxides discharged with increasing in oil-poor operation is not reached in environment with bigger amount.
Alternatively, catalyst converter 18 is also possible to particulate catalytic device or ternary catalyzing unit.
The control of internal combustion engine 10 realizes that the controller at least handles the letter of air flow meter 1 by controller 100 Number, it is expected with the signal of the coefficient speed probe 15 of sensing wheel 14 and driver the signal of transmitter 24.In addition, control Device 100 processed can be by the signal of the first Abgassensor 23 of conveying, the signal of the second Abgassensor 19 and not having in addition The signal for the sensor about pressure and/or temperature in the range of internal combustion engine 10 or exhaust apparatus being shown.By this A little and other when necessary input signals, controller 100 form control signal, utilize the control signal, internal combustion engine 10 It can it is expected corresponding to driver and/or be run corresponding to the requirement of preprogramming.
Therefore the inflation of combustion chamber 11 can be for example adjusted in the homogeneous operation of internal combustion engine 10 by the position of air throttle 2 Amount, the air throttle are manipulated by throttle adjustment device 3.In homogeneous operation, the torque generated by internal combustion engine 10 is substantially by firing The quality and selected time of ignition for burning room aeration quantity are determined.In layering operation, internal combustion engine 10 is in contrast very big The maximum combustion chamber aeration quantity using air in degree using the air throttle 2 and combustion chamber 11 opened is not by limitation ground work Make.In this case, the torque generated by internal combustion engine 10 is substantially determined by the fuel mass and time of ignition that spray into.
At least one catalyst converter 18 of the internal combustion engine 10 for heating the cylinder with Odd number is shown in FIG. 2 The flow chart of method.What the method can be used for having Odd number has more than three cylinders (5,7,9 ... a vapour Cylinder) cylinder internal combustion engine 10.Furthermore internal combustion engine 10 that the internal combustion engine 10 can be run using combustion gas, such as following internal combustion Machine: the internal combustion engine make use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG-Liquefied Petroleum Gas) or utilizes compressed natural gas It (CNG-Compressed Natural Gas) or is run as mixing using gasoline and combustion gas.
The embodiment for having the internal combustion engine 10 there are three cylinder is described below.
In first step 500, the temperature of catalyst converter 18 is determined by means of temperature sensor or temperature model.If urged Change the identified temperature value of device 18 under first threshold (such as 500 DEG C) that can be prespecified and can be preparatory On defined second threshold (such as between 200 to 250 DEG C), then catalyst converter 18 must be heated to reach minimum Temperature, in the minimum temperature, the catalyst converter can guarantee its catalytic effect.Preferably, the fortune for the catalyst converter Trip temperature is located at about 500 DEG C.
Alternately or it is additional for determining the standard whether catalyst converter 18 must heat, can for example hold The evaluation of the operating status of row internal combustion engine 10, such as the cold start of identification internal combustion engine 10.This operating status of internal combustion engine 10 can With the information realization for example by being stored in controller 100.
The heating of catalyst converter 18 is realized by after-burning of the fuel in exhaust apparatus.
The λ separation of the cylinder for internal combustion engine 10 is executed to this.That is, the cylinder of internal combustion engine 10 is alternately about The factor known is oil-poor or rich oil, that is run using the air/fuel ratio λ more than or less than one.
Due to the Odd number of cylinder, being distributed in a burn cycle for different air/fuel ratio λ forcibly causes The inequality of distribution on existing cylinder.It is preferred that understanding as follows " burn cycle ": each cylinder is with can be preparatory Defined ignition order operation is primary, especially for the operation of 4 strokes or 2 strokes.
For having the internal combustion engine 10 there are three cylinder, in a burn cycle, two cylinders are with air/combustion greater than one Material than λ run, and a cylinder with less than one air/fuel ratio λ operation or it is on the contrary.
If the temperature of catalyst converter 18 be located at can be prespecified first threshold on and can be prespecified Under second threshold, then continuing in the step 500 of front.
If recognized in step 500: it is required that the heating process of catalyst converter 18, require in step 510 for The different distribution of the air/fuel ratio λ of three cylinders.This process is also referred to as λ separation.
The distribution of air/fuel ratio λ is mainly according to the current operating parameter of internal combustion engine 10.For air/fuel ratio λ with And the operating parameter that the distribution of air/fuel ratio λ has a great impact is, for example: the revolving speed and torque of internal combustion engine 10 and can The difference of the current temperature of prespecified object catalyst temperature and catalyst converter 18.
In step 510, the distribution of the cylinder of the Odd number is proceed as follows now.With can be prespecified Ignition order, particularly ignition order repeatedly start, for the cylinder, every two cylinder forms a pair, wherein described Pair a cylinder run in the air/fuel ratio λ greater than one, and described pair another cylinder is with the sky less than one Gas/fuel ratio λ operation, so that whole air/fuel ratio λgesEspecially cylinder can be prespecified to upper averagely obtain Especially one value.
Show two burn cycle (A in total in Fig. 3；B).The possible igniting for being used for the first burn cycle (A) is suitable Sequence is started with cylinder 1 and then follows cylinder 2 and cylinder 3.Second burn cycle B so again with the beginning of cylinder 1, is followed by vapour Cylinder 2 and 3 etc..
According to the air/fuel ratio λ for cylinder 1 being conditioned in the first burn cycle A, namely to be greater than or small In one air/fuel ratio λ, the air/fuel ratio λ for the cylinder then in ignition order is determined, so that vapour Cylinder is run with the air/fuel ratio λ for being alternately more than or less than one always.
From a burn cycle to burn cycle then, the air/fuel ratio λ for each cylinder is replaced.
That is, the cylinder run with the air/fuel ratio λ greater than one is in burn cycle then less than one Air/fuel ratio λ is run and vice versa.
In the example in figure 3, the first cylinder 1 of ignition order is run with the air/fuel ratio λ greater than one.Thus it obtains: Cylinder 2 is run with the air/fuel ratio λ less than one.Then, cylinder 3 is again with the air/fuel ratio λ operation etc. greater than one.
Unique burn cycle can be identified simply: such operation of cylinder 1,2 and 3 result in air/ The inequality of fuel ratio λ.
This unequal so to be eliminated with this: two successive cylinders are formed in ignition order that can be prespecified A pair, so that whole air/fuel ratio λgesEspecially cylinder to it is upper averagely obtain can be prespecified especially one Value.In burn cycle A, cylinder 1 and cylinder 2 form first pair 70.Cylinder 3 in the first burn cycle A then with come The cylinder 1 that spontaneous combustion recycles B forms second pair 80, be followed by by the second burn cycle B cylinder 2 and cylinder 3 form the Three pair 90.Be understood that: each cylinder of internal combustion engine 10 is from a burn cycle to burn cycle alternating then Ground is run with the air/fuel ratio λ more than or less than one.
It is larger and smaller than this transformation repeatedly of one air/fuel ratio λ by the air/fuel ratio λ of cylinder And the pairs of distribution of cylinder can guarantee the good smooth running of the internal combustion engine 10 for the cylinder with Odd number Property, so that different torques equably and almost imperceptiblely is distributed.Furthermore exhaust gas conversion is improved.
The operation of the homogeneous for internal combustion engine 10 is mainly suitable for for the application of this method, so that air/fuel ratio λ Preferably change between 0.8 and 1.2, that is to say, that run in the case where air/fuel ratio λ is close to one.
Preferably, the first cylinder activation catalyst converter 18 heating process after with the air/fuel ratio λ of rich oil, namely It says and is started with the air/fuel ratio λ less than one.
λ separation for cylinder is adjusted by characterisitic family, and the characterisitic family turns according to such as internal combustion engine 10 Speed and/or torque and/or the current temperature for catalyst converter 18 adjust and determine separation factor.
The separation factor herein for a cylinder to be proceed as follows calculate:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Wherein λgesamtDescribe the air/fuel ratio for the cylinder pair, faktorRich oilIt describes for the sky less than one The factor of gas/fuel ratio operation cylinder, and faktorIt is oil-poorDescribe the cylinder run with the air/fuel ratio greater than one Factor.Preferably, the cylinder that factor from rich oil is run always is determined by controller 100.
The faktorIt is oil-poorIt there is described herein the factor using the air/fuel ratio λ greater than one, and faktorRich oilDescription Utilize the factor of the air/fuel ratio λ less than one.Alternatively or additionally, in step 520, described two factors faktorRich oilAnd faktorIt is oil-poorIt can be additionally by being compared to limit with threshold value respectively.
If the faktorRich oilMore than threshold value that can be prespecified, then for example prespecified can be used for faktorRich oilMaximum substitution value that can be prespecified, such as obtain the value of maximum 0.8 air/fuel ratio λ.Having Effect ground limitation faktorRich oilWhen, faktorIt is oil-poorIt necessarily corresponds to equation (2) and is carried out similarly matching.
If the faktorIt is oil-poorLower than threshold value that can be prespecified, then for example prespecified can be used for faktorIt is oil-poorThe smallest substitution value that can be prespecified, such as obtain the smallest 1.1 or 1.2(for CNG) air/ The value of fuel ratio λ.
Effectively limiting faktorIt is oil-poorWhen, faktorRich oilIt necessarily corresponds to equation (2) and is carried out similarly matching.
For there is the limitation of the factor of air/fuel ratio λ to be regulated to produce additional safety, because can monitor The combustion limits and the injecting time used for combustion of prevention very little of cylinder, so that can guarantee the motor-driven of internal combustion engine 10 Property.
Alternatively or additionally, in step 530 can by means of on controller 100 determine, be used for catalyst converter The model of 18 oxygen load determines: the cylinder of the beginning of the heating process of catalyst converter 18 should be with the sky above or below one Gas/fuel ratio operation.
The actual value of the oxygen load for catalyst converter 18 has been determined thus in controller 100.
If the actual value of the oxygen load for catalyst converter 18 is more than threshold value that can be prespecified, catalyst converter 18 Stored enough amount of oxygen for heating process so that heating process can with the burning of rich oil, that is Started with the air/fuel ratio λ less than one.
If the actual value of the oxygen load for catalyst converter 18 is lower than threshold value that can be prespecified, catalyst converter 18 Current stored amount of oxygen or without storage amount of oxygen so that heating process with oil-poor burning, that is with big In one air/fuel ratio λ, so that catalyst converter 18 so as to heat release as fast as possible carries out first by conveying oxygen Chemical reaction be possibly realized.The desired fuel for being used for current cylinder is then determined by controller 100 in step 540 Amount, and then multiplied by the prespecified separation factor for the cylinder.If cylinder should be with the air/fuel greater than one Than operation, then using faktorIt is oil-poor.If current cylinder is run with the air/fuel ratio less than one, usage factor faktorRich oil。
, pair then another cylinder is run with the factor determined for the cylinder, so that whole air/fuel ratio λgesEspecially the cylinder to it is upper averagely obtain especially one value that can be prespecified.
Then the currently determining temperature of catalyst converter 18 can be compared with object catalyst temperature to be achieved.If The current temperature of catalyst converter 18 is located under object catalyst temperature, then continuing the heating of catalyst converter 18.
If the current temperature of catalyst converter 18 is more than or equal to object catalyst temperature, catalyst converter heating terminates And it can continue in step 500.

Claims (13)

1. the method for at least one catalyst converter of the internal combustion engine (10) for heating the cylinder with Odd number, feature exist In, two successive cylinders with can prespecified ignition order form a pair, wherein described pair of a cylinder is being greater than Operation in one air/fuel ratio (λ), and described pair another cylinder is run with the air/fuel ratio (λ) less than one, Wherein described couple of whole air/fuel ratio (λges) obtain can be prespecified value.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein for described couple of whole air/fuel ratio (λges) Can prespecified value be one.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that remaining cylinder in burn cycle with come from Then the cylinder of burn cycle particularly with cylinder can prespecified ignition order form a pair.
4. method according to any of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that described pair of a cylinder is according to first Factor (faktorRich oil) with air/fuel ratio (λ) operation less than one, and described pair another cylinder is according to the second factor (faktorIt is oil-poor) run with the air/fuel ratio (λ) greater than one.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the first factor (faktorRich oil) according to can be preparatory It the comparison of defined maximum threshold value, particularly is limited by air/fuel ratio (λ).
6. the method according to any one of claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the second factor (faktorIt is oil-poor) basis It is limited compared with the smallest threshold value that can be prespecified, particularly through air/fuel ratio (λ).
7. method according to any of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that determined at least one catalyst converter Oxygen fill level value, and when the value for the oxygen fill level that be used at least one catalyst converter (18) be more than can When prespecified threshold value, the process of the heating of at least one catalyst converter (18) is opened with the air/fuel ratio (λ) less than one Begin.
8. method according to any of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that determined at least one catalyst converter Oxygen fill level value, and when the value for the oxygen fill level that be used at least one catalyst converter (18) is lower than can When prespecified threshold value, the process of the heating of at least one catalyst converter (18) is opened with the air/fuel ratio (λ) greater than one Begin.
9. method according to any of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that fortune of the internal combustion engine (10) in homogeneous It is run in row state.
10. method according to any of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the internal combustion engine (10) is that gasoline is straight Spray and/or combustion gas operation internal combustion engine (10), particularly (the LPG-Liquefied Petroleum that make use of liquefied petroleum gas Gas the internal combustion engine (10)) or using compressed natural gas (CNG-Compressed Natural Gas) run.
11. computer program, the computer program is set up for executing according to claim 1 to side described in any one of 10 Method.
12. electronic storage medium, the electronic storage medium has computer program according to claim 11.
13. device, particularly controller (100), the controller is set up for implementing according to claim 1 to any one of 10 The method.
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