CN109231478B - Starting method of all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process - Google Patents
Starting method of all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a starting method of an all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process, which comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: a pre-start acclimatization and enrichment stage comprising: (1) anaerobic contact of sludge; (2) aerobic high-aeration acclimation of sludge; (3) a sludge quantity amplification and optimal aeration quantity searching stage; the second step is that: a starting stage: (1) entering a reactor, wherein the reactor is respectively provided with an anaerobic section, an aerobic first section, an aerobic middle section and an aerobic final section, and the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic section is consistent with that of the traditional AO process; (2) the concentration of dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.3-0.7 mg/L in the first section of the aerobic process, the hydraulic retention time is 0.7-1h, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the middle section and the last section of the aerobic process is 1.0-1.6 mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 1.5-2 h, the sludge age is 5-7 d, and the reflux ratio is controlled to be 50-60%. The method has the advantages of quick system start, high start success rate, stable operation and aeration quantity saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of municipal sewage treatment and recycling, and relates to a starting method of an all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process.
Background
Nitrogen and phosphorus are main factors causing eutrophication of lakes, the main target of sewage treatment in China is COD (chemical oxygen demand), attention on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is not enough, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in actual domestic sewage of a community is 50-70 mg/L, the concentration of phosphorus is 6-7 mg/L, and due to the reasons that nitrifying bacteria and aerobic polyphosphate bacteria sludge age is different, COD in sewage is limited and the like, removal of nitrogen and phosphorus cannot be considered at the same time. The sewage treatment plant usually adopts biological denitrification and dephosphorization as biological and chemical auxiliary modes, so that the sewage treatment cost is increased, the added chemical agents can have long-term influence on activated sludge, the metal content in the effluent is increased, and unknown chemical substances can be generated after subsequent chlorination disinfection.
In the late 50 s and early 60 s of the 20 th century, srinath and the like observed the biological excess phosphorus removal phenomenon of activated sludge in the productive operation of sewage treatment plants, the operation conditions required for realizing biological phosphorus removal were clarified through research works carried out in the 70 s, the operation conditions were intentionally engineered, and a productive sewage biological phosphorus removal project was designed and built, wherein the process is an anaerobic-aerobic continuous flow AO biological phosphorus removal process. The anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process adopts aerobic phosphorus accumulating bacteria, enriches phosphorus in a water body and stores the phosphorus in an organism in an anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic excessive phosphorus absorption mode, and finally removes the phosphorus by sludge discharge.
Up to now, a plurality of anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process sewage treatment plants have been built at home and abroad, but the anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process has several problems in the aspect of treating urban domestic sewage:
1) the starting is slow;
the starting time of the conventional anaerobic and aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process is usually 30 to 60 days.
2) The system is difficult to operate stably under low load;
the urban domestic sewage is polluted waste water produced by daily life of residents, and has the water quality characteristic of low load, generally 0.5codg/g, and high biodegradability.
Under the condition of low load of 0.5CODg/g, the sludge of the AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process is easy to expand and is difficult to stabilize.
3) The system cannot be started and operated at low temperature;
different temperatures have larger influence on the metabolic growth of activated sludge microorganisms, the activity of anaerobic fermentation bacteria at the low temperature of below 14 ℃ is lower, and the concentration of volatile fatty acid generated by decomposition is lower, so that the growth requirement of phosphorus accumulating bacteria in biological phosphorus removal is difficult to meet. The temperature fluctuation is rapid in 3-4 months and 10-11 months, and the anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal reactor is always expanded due to rapid temperature change. Under the normal temperature condition of 4-10 months, the anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal reactor is difficult to stabilize because sludge expansion occurs after about 3 months of operation due to low load and the accumulation of thiomyceliums.
The above problems restrict the application of the anaerobic and aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process in the aspect of urban domestic sewage treatment.
The denitrifying phosphorus removal process (A) was invented in the 90 s of the 20 th century2O and A2N process), solves the problem that the sludge is easy to expand, and is a continuous flow which is widely applied in the current municipal sewage plantThe phosphorus removal process replaces the traditional anaerobic and aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process in the aspect of treating urban domestic sewage, but the denitrification biological phosphorus removal process has the following problems:
1) anaerobic anoxic aerobic A with single sludge2The O continuous flow denitrification biological phosphorus removal process has strict requirements on the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of inlet water and needs auxiliary chemical phosphorus removal;
2) double-sludge anaerobic anoxic dephosphorization-anaerobic aerobic denitrification A2The N continuous flow double-sludge system has complex process procedures, needs to be respectively started and recombined, has strict requirements on the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus of inlet water, and needs auxiliary chemical phosphorus removal;
the start of the conventional anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process adopts anaerobic-aerobic continuous flow operation, and after sludge domestication enrichment with a phosphorus removal function needs to be inoculated in the initial start stage, the normal start time is 30-60 days.
Conventional anaerobic anoxic aerobic A2Starting the O continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process needs to respectively start the anaerobic anoxic biological phosphorus removal function and the anaerobic aerobic biological nitrogen removal function, the two functions are combined after being successfully started, and the conventional anaerobic anoxic and aerobic A2The starting time of the O continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process is 30 to 60 days.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the method for starting the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process is an upgrade of the traditional anaerobic and aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process, can realize quick start within 7 days of low-load 0.5CODg/g municipal domestic sewage treatment, and does not need auxiliary chemical phosphorus removal.
The technical scheme is as follows: a starting method of a total biological phosphorus removal AOO process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: a pre-start acclimatization and enrichment stage comprising:
(1) anaerobic sludge contact: putting the inoculated sludge into a 1200L reactor, introducing 1/3-volume actual domestic sewage, and carrying out anaerobic contact for 20-24h, wherein the sludge is excess sludge of a conventional sewage plant or mature activated sludge with biological phosphorus removal; the color of the excess sludge of the conventional sewage plant is earthy yellow, the phosphorus removal activity is less than 10%, the sludge needs a whole-process domestication stage, and the domestication culture time is 8 d; the color of the mature activated sludge with biological phosphorus removal is gray floc, the phosphorus removal activity is 40-70%, the sludge does not need to pass through the steps (1) and (2) of the first step, the sludge can directly enter the step (3), and the acclimatization culture time is 5 d;
the purpose of this step is: excess sludge of a conventional sewage plant belongs to a peroxide state, is in an attenuation region in a biological cycle and contains more nitrobacteria, organic matters in sewage are adsorbed outside sludge particles through anaerobic contact, and the anaerobic function of part of facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria is activated, so that the facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria can absorb sufficient carbon sources in an anaerobic manner;
(2) aerobic high-aeration acclimation of sludge: performing high aeration domestication for 30-36 h, wherein the concentration of dissolved oxygen is more than 2mg/L, and the color of the sludge is changed from earthy yellow to red through the step;
the purpose of this step is:
1) promoting aerobic microorganisms in the sludge to utilize an external carbon source, and increasing the concentration of the activated sludge;
2) then, by delaying aeration, the carbon source in facultative microbial cells in the sludge is excessively consumed, so that the aerobic sludge and the facultative aerobic sludge are both in a hungry state;
(3) sludge quantity amplification and optimal aeration quantity searching stage: filling actual domestic sewage into a reactor filled with the domesticated sludge, adopting anaerobic and aerobic internal reflux circulation to improve the dissolved oxygen concentration, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration of an aerobic section to be 2mg/L, and searching the optimal total aeration amount according to the consumption condition of the dissolved oxygen in the reactor;
the purpose of this step is:
1) enriching the sludge concentration;
2) searching the optimal total aeration amount by controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen;
(4) the sludge concentration is greatly increased, the sludge concentration in the reactor reaches 5000-8000 mg/L at the low temperature of 14-18 ℃ or reaches 2000-3000 mg/L at the normal temperature of 20-25 ℃, the completion of the stage can be considered, and the running time of the stage is 5 days; the second step is that: a starting stage:
(1) entering a reactor, wherein the reactor is respectively provided with an anaerobic section, an aerobic first section, an aerobic middle section and an aerobic final section, and the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic section is consistent with that of the traditional AO process (anaerobic-aerobic process), and is 0.7-1 h;
(2) the concentration of dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.3-0.7 mg/L in the first aerobic section, the hydraulic retention time is 0.7-1h, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the middle and last aerobic sections is 1.0-1.6 mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 1.5-2 h, the working condition of the sludge age at the normal temperature of 20-25 ℃ is 5-6 d, the working condition of the sludge age at the low temperature of 14-18 ℃ is 6-7 d, and the reflux ratio is controlled to be 50-60%.
The system is controlled according to the indexes, the phosphorus removal activity of the system can reach over 75 percent after the system continuously operates for 7 days to the maximum extent, and the full biological phosphorus removal AOO process is successfully started.
Has the advantages that:
1. the system starts fast: the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process can be started successfully in 7 days at most, while the traditional anaerobic and aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process can be started successfully in 30-60 days.
2. The starting success rate is high, and the operation is stable: the traditional anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process is difficult to start under the condition of low load of 0.5CODg/g at the low temperature of 14-18 ℃, and after the process is successfully started under the condition of low load of 0.5CODg/g at the normal temperature of 20-25 ℃, the system is easy to collapse under the influence of factors such as rainstorm, load impact and the like; the starting method adopting the all-biological phosphorus removal AOO process can realize starting and stable operation under the above conditions.
3. And (3) saving aeration quantity: the traditional anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process requires that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in an aeration section cannot be lower than 2mg/L, and the stable operation can be realized; the aerobic first-stage dissolved oxygen concentration of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process is controlled to be 0.3-0.7 mg/L, the later-stage dissolved oxygen concentration can be controlled to be 0.7-1.6 mg/L according to the requirement of water quality treatment, stable operation can be realized, and the average dissolved oxygen concentration is 1 mg/L.
4. The main reasons that the traditional process needs a longer time to start compared with the whole biological phosphorus removal AOO process are that: in the starting process of the system, the content of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria in the sludge can not be selectively enriched. The phosphorus-accumulating bacteria need to be selectively screened by controlling sludge age, 2-3 sludge ages are usually required to have starting conditions, and in a 2-3 sludge age time period, along with the continuous reduction of the sludge concentration, the system is easy to collapse due to sludge expansion, which is the key point of the problem that the conventional anaerobic-aerobic AO continuous flow phosphorus removal process is difficult to start under the condition of low load of 0.5 CODg/g. The starting method of the total biological phosphorus removal AOO process changes the selection mechanism of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, basically completes oxygen-limited selective enrichment of the phosphorus-accumulating bacteria in the aerobic first section and reduces the starting time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an experimental apparatus of a full biological phosphorus removal AOO process reactor
In the figure: 1. a stirrer; 2. a water inlet; 3. a return pipe; 4. detecting a pH meter of the equipment; 5. detecting a device ORP meter; 6. a dissolved oxygen instrument; 7. detecting a sludge concentration meter of the equipment; 8. an overflow port; 9. an anaerobic section; 10. aerobic first section; 11. aerobic middle section; 12. aerobic final stage; 13. a sedimentation tank.
Detailed Description
The test uses domestic sewage in a certain community as basic water, and the specific water quality is as follows: 300-400 mg/L of COD and NH4+-N＝55～85mg/L，NO2--N≤0.25mg/L，NO3--N≤1.5mg/L，TP＝6～7mg/L，pH＝7.0～8.5。
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1: the reactor is in the form of a continuous flow baffle plate AO reactor, and is respectively provided with a stirrer 1, a water inlet 2, a return pipe 3, a detection device pH meter 4, a detection device ORP meter 5, a dissolved oxygen meter 6, a detection device sludge concentration meter 7, an overflow port 8, an anaerobic section 9, an aerobic first section 10, an aerobic middle section 11, an aerobic end section 12 and a sedimentation tank 13; the anaerobic section is provided with a stirrer; the anaerobic section, the aerobic first section, the aerobic middle section and the bottom of the aerobic final section are all provided with microporous aeration heads, and the aeration quantity is controlled by a gas flowmeter.
The volume of the anaerobic section and the total volume of the reactor are 1: 3.3; the ratio of the volume of the aerobic first section to the total volume of the aerobic section is 1: 3.3.
The reaction temperature is low (14-18 ℃), activated sludge taken back by a sewage plant is inoculated in the continuous flow baffle AO reactor, the initial phosphorus removal rate of the sludge is only 10%, and the sludge is acclimated by actual domestic sewage.
A starting method of a total biological phosphorus removal AOO process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: a pre-start acclimatization and enrichment stage comprising:
(1) anaerobic sludge contact: inoculating residual sludge of conventional activated sludge sewage plant, wherein the sludge has a color of yellow soil and has phosphorus removal activity<10%, sludge concentration 3000mg/L, inoculation volume 60L, 2m input3Introducing 1/3 volume of actual domestic sewage into the reactor, and carrying out anaerobic contact for 24 hours;
(2) aerobic high-aeration acclimation of sludge: after 24 hours of anaerobic contact, pollutants are fully wrapped on the surfaces of flocs in the sludge, at the moment, high aeration acclimation is carried out for 33 hours, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 2mg/L, and the color of the sludge is changed from earthy yellow to red through the step;
(3) sludge quantity amplification and optimal aeration quantity searching stage: filling actual domestic sewage into a reactor containing the acclimatized sludge, adopting anaerobic and aerobic internal reflux circulation to improve the dissolved oxygen concentration, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration of an aerobic section to be 2mg/L, starting anaerobic and aerobic continuous flow operation later, wherein the water inlet flow is 200L/h, the sludge load is 0.4, the reflux ratio is 50%, sludge is not discharged at the stage, an aeration mode adopts a gradual reduction aeration mode, the aeration amount sum is 30mL/min, the aeration of an aerobic first section is 15mg/L, the aeration of an aerobic middle section is 9mL/min, the aeration of an aerobic tail section is 6mL/min, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aerobic first section is 3mg/L, the effluent is clear, the sludge sedimentation is good, the Sludge Volume Index (SVI) is 55mL/g, the phosphorus removal effect is only 20%, the anaerobic section has trace phosphorus release, and the aerobic phosphorus absorption is poor;
(4) the sludge concentration is greatly increased, the sludge concentration in the reactor reaches 5000-7000 mg/L, the stage is considered to be successful, the running time of the stage is 5 days, and the sludge color is changed from red to soil gray;
denitrification sludge floating phenomenon may occur in the secondary sedimentation tank, the total aeration amount is reduced to 25mL/min, the aeration amount of the aerobic first section is 10mL/min, the aeration amount of the aerobic middle section is 9mL/min, the aeration amount of the aerobic last section is 6mL/min, the operation is carried out to the 5 th day, if the sludge concentration in the secondary sedimentation tank is higher than 9000mg/L, phosphorus release phenomenon may occur for 2 times, the problem can be solved by a rapid sludge discharge mode, and the sludge discharge amount is 60L per 3 hours and is 240L in total. The second step is that: a starting stage:
the sludge load is 0.5CODg/g, the water inlet flow is 150L/h, the reflux ratio is 60%, the sludge age is 7.69 days, and the total aeration amount is stabilized at 22 ml/min;
(1) the mixture enters a reactor which is respectively provided with an anaerobic section, an aerobic first section, an aerobic middle section and an aerobic final section, and the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic section is consistent with that of the traditional AO process and is 0.7 h;
(2) in the aerobic section, aeration distribution of each section is 8ml/min of the aerobic first section, 8ml/min of the aerobic middle section and 6ml/min of the aerobic tail end; the dissolved oxygen concentration of the first section is controlled to be 0.5mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 0.8h, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aerobic middle section and the aerobic tail section is controlled to be 1.3mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 1.8h, the continuous operation is carried out for 7 days, the SVI is stabilized at 90-100 mL/g, the sludge concentration is stabilized at 4300mg/L, and the concentration of the return sludge is stabilized at 7000-8000 mg/L.
The phosphorus removal effect is improved to 75-90%, and the concentration of the discharged phosphorus is less than 1mg/L after the operation is carried out for 7 days, so that the AOO full-biological phosphorus removal process can be quickly started within 7 days.
Example 2
The quality of the inlet water and the form of the reactor are the same as above.
The reaction temperature is normal temperature (20-25 ℃), and the inoculated sludge dephosphorization activity is 40-75%, the inoculation volume is 60L, and the sludge concentration is 1500mg/L in the continuous flow baffle AO reactor.
A starting method of a total biological phosphorus removal AOO process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: a pre-start acclimatization and enrichment stage comprising:
(1) sludge quantity amplification and optimal aeration quantity searching stage: filling actual domestic sewage into a reactor filled with domesticated sludge, adopting anaerobic and aerobic internal reflux circulation to control the volume load to be 2g/L, controlling the total aeration amount to be 30ml/min, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration of each section to be 2 mg/L-4 mg/L, starting continuous water inlet anaerobic and aerobic operation after the sludge concentration in the reactor is increased to 2000mg/L, not discharging sludge, controlling the water inlet flow to be 150-200L/h, and controlling the sludge load to be 0.5-0.7 CODg/g;
(2) the sludge concentration of the reactor is increased to 3500-4000 mg/L within 5 days, the reflux ratio is 30% -50%, and at the moment, the sludge is considered to be successfully domesticated and enriched;
the second step is that: a starting stage:
the sludge load is 0.5CODg/g, the water inlet flow is 150L/h, the reflux ratio is 50%, the sludge age is 3.5-5.77 days, and the total aeration amount is stabilized at 22 ml/min;
(1) entering a reactor, wherein the reactor is respectively provided with an anaerobic section, an aerobic first section, an aerobic middle section and an aerobic final section, and the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic section is 1h which is consistent with that of the traditional AO process;
(2) in the aerobic section, aeration distribution of each section is 8ml/min of the aerobic first section, 8ml/min of the aerobic middle section and 6ml/min of the aerobic tail end; the dissolved oxygen concentration of the first section is controlled to be 0.5mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 0.8h, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aerobic middle section and the aerobic tail section is controlled to be 1.3mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 1.8h, the continuous operation is carried out for 7 days, the SVI is stabilized at 90-100 mL/g, the sludge concentration is stabilized at 1700mg/L, and the concentration of the return sludge is stabilized at 3000-4500 mg/L.
The phosphorus removal effect is improved to 75-90%, and the concentration of the discharged phosphorus is less than 1mg/L after the operation is carried out for 7 days, so that the AOO full-biological phosphorus removal process can be quickly started within 7 days.
Claims (2)
1. A starting method of a full biological phosphorus removal AOO process is characterized by comprising the following steps: is an upgrade of the traditional anaerobic and aerobic AO continuous flow biological phosphorus removal process, and comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: a pre-start acclimatization and enrichment stage comprising:
(1) anaerobic sludge contact: putting the inoculated sludge into a reactor, introducing actual domestic sewage, and carrying out anaerobic contact for 20-24 h; the reactor is in the form of a continuous flow baffle AO reactor;
(2) aerobic high-aeration acclimation of sludge: performing high aeration domestication for 30-36 h, wherein the concentration of dissolved oxygen is more than 2 mg/L;
(3) sludge quantity amplification and optimal aeration quantity searching stage: filling actual domestic sewage into a reactor filled with the domesticated sludge, adopting anaerobic and aerobic internal reflux circulation to improve the dissolved oxygen concentration, controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration of an aerobic section to be 2mg/L, and searching the optimal total aeration amount according to the consumption condition of the dissolved oxygen in the reactor;
(4) the sludge concentration is greatly increased, the sludge concentration in the reactor reaches 5000-8000 mg/L at the low temperature of 14-18 ℃ or reaches 2000-3000 mg/L at the normal temperature of 20-25 ℃, the stage is considered to be successful, and the running time of the stage is 5 days;
the sludge in the first step (1) is excess sludge of a conventional sewage plant or mature activated sludge with biological phosphorus removal, the mature activated sludge with biological phosphorus removal is gray floc, the phosphorus removal activity is 40-70%, the sludge does not need to pass through the steps (1) and (2) of the first step, and the sludge can directly enter the step (3), and the acclimation culture time is 5 d;
the second step is that: a starting stage:
(1) entering a reactor, wherein the reactor is respectively provided with an anaerobic section, an aerobic first section, an aerobic middle section and an aerobic final section, and the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic section is consistent with that of the anaerobic and aerobic AO biological dephosphorization process;
(2) in the aerobic section, aeration distribution of each section is 8ml/min of the aerobic first section, 8ml/min of the aerobic middle section and 6ml/min of the aerobic tail end; the concentration of dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.3-0.7 mg/L in the first aerobic section, the hydraulic retention time is 0.7-1h, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the middle and last aerobic sections is 1.0-1.6 mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 1.5-2 h, the working condition of the sludge age at the normal temperature of 20-25 ℃ is 5-6 d, the working condition of the sludge age at the low temperature of 14-18 ℃ is 6-7 d, and the reflux ratio is controlled to be 50-60%.
2. The starting method of the whole biological phosphorus removal AOO process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the color of the excess sludge of the conventional sewage plant is earthy yellow, the phosphorus removal activity is less than 10%, and the sludge needs to be subjected to a whole-process domestication stage, and the domestication culture time is 8 d.
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| CN106186315A (en) * | 2016-07-10 | 2016-12-07 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of city domestic sewage flows the apparatus and method of AOA advanced nitrogen dephosphorization continuously |
| CN107487838A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-19 | 吉林大学 | SBR tames the method and device that special sludge structure realizes low-temperature sewage efficient dephosphorization |
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