CN109228547B - 增强材料的纤维铺层结构、拉挤型材 - Google Patents

增强材料的纤维铺层结构、拉挤型材 Download PDF

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CN109228547B
CN109228547B CN201811243494.0A CN201811243494A CN109228547B CN 109228547 B CN109228547 B CN 109228547B CN 201811243494 A CN201811243494 A CN 201811243494A CN 109228547 B CN109228547 B CN 109228547B
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左景奇
王一靓
邵兵
吴祖胜
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

增强材料的纤维铺层结构，包括叠层铺设的纤维铺层和纤维包裹层，其特征在于所述的纤维包裹层将纤维铺层的外表面完全包裹，且纤维包裹层的厚度大于纤维铺层中任一层的厚度。本发明的增强材料的纤维铺层结构，拉挤成型后具有均匀的纵向和横向机械性能，在长时间的承载过程中，型材不容易出现分层，整体强度高、机械性能好，提高型材的使用可靠性和使用寿命，提高型材的拉伸能力和抗劈性能，克服现有技术中拉挤型材存在的纵向抗劈性能不足、层间结合能力不足的缺陷，满足构件或建筑结构对复合材料拉挤型材的性能要求。还发明还提供一种拉挤型材。

Description

增强材料的纤维铺层结构、拉挤型材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增强材料的纤维铺层结构，用于形成纤维骨架，属于复合纤维型材的制造领域。本发明还涉及一种拉挤型材。
背景技术
拉挤成型是将浸渍树脂胶液的玻璃纤维、布或带通过规定截面的模具，连续 引拔出成型制品，生产自动化程度高、成本低。玻璃纤维作为拉挤型材的主要增 强材料，它与各种树脂相结合，衍生出许多优异性能，导致拉挤型材具有优良的 比强度、刚度、耐气候性、耐腐蚀性和耐用性。
拉挤成型所用的增强材料为纤维、多轴向织物或编织层，内部及表面进行多层增强设计来增强型材表面横向强度，但是实际应用中，无法使多层铺层形成一个整体，在受到纵向外力的作用下，整体结构容易出现分层，导致整体强度不能满足现场使用工况要求，限制了拉挤型材在风电、航空、桥梁、 建筑、汽车等领域的应用。
CN 105570657 A，公开了一种增强型玻璃钢拉挤型材，包括树脂基体、纤维层和外保护层，纤维层位于树脂基体内部，外保护层位于树脂基体外部 ；外保护层为多轴向织物。
CN 106808762A, 一种高强度拉挤型材，包括下列各项：以所述拉挤型材总重量计，含量为20-30wt％的树脂基体、30-40wt％玻璃纤维以及30-40wt％多轴向织物上胶坯布，其特征在于，所述玻璃纤维均匀分布于树脂基体的内部，以增强该拉挤型材的轴向强度；所述多轴向织物上胶坯布为多轴向织物预先采用树脂基体浸胶并半固化而成，分别位于该拉挤型材的表面及中部。
CN 104369473 A, 一种拉挤型材用复合毡及其制造方法，包括基布层，粘结层以及聚酯表面毡层，所述基布层为玻纤织物层，粘结层为不饱和聚酯树脂粉，以玻纤织物为基布，在玻纤织物的一面撒上不饱和聚酯树脂粉作为粘结层，在加热状态下再在撒有粘结层的玻纤织物的该面复合一层聚酯表面毡层。
现有技术中的增强材料，只关注于型材增强设计，通过采用多轴向织物或编织层来增强型材表面横向强度或多向强度。但拉挤型材通常存在的纵向抗劈能不足、层间结合能力不足的缺陷，整体结构容易出现分层，不能满足目标工程构件或建筑结构对复合材料拉挤型材的性能要求。
发明内容
本发明提供的增强材料的纤维铺层结构，拉挤成型后具有均匀的纵向和横向机械性能，在长时间的承载过程中，型材不容易出现分层，整体强度高、机械性能好，提高型材的使用可靠性和使用寿命，提高型材的拉伸能力和抗劈性能，克服现有技术中拉挤型材存在的纵向抗劈性能不足、层间结合能力不足的缺陷，满足构件或建筑结构对复合材料拉挤型材的性能要求。还发明还提供一种拉挤型材。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
增强材料的纤维铺层结构，包括叠层铺设的纤维铺层和纤维包裹层，其特征在于所述的纤维包裹层将纤维铺层的外表面完全包裹，且纤维包裹层的厚度大于纤维铺层中任一层的厚度。
优选的，所述的纤维铺层的横截面为工字型或王字型结构，纤维包裹层沿纤维铺层的外表面贴合包裹，纤维铺层包括水平设置的水平铺层和垂向设置的垂向铺层，垂向铺层夹在两个水平铺层之间构成工字型或王字型的纤维铺层。
优选的，所述的水平铺层由纱线层和编织层交替水平叠层形成，垂向铺层由纱线层和编织层交替垂向叠层形成。
优选的，所述的纤维铺层的表层均为纱线层。
优选的，所述的水平铺层的厚度等于垂直向铺层的厚度，且纤维包裹层的厚度为水平铺层厚度的1/5~1/4。
优选的，所述的纤维包裹层为单层或多层的多轴向编织纤维布，且纤维布的编织密度大于编织层的编织密度。
优选的，所述的纱线层厚度大于或等于织物层的厚度，且水平铺层和垂向铺层中纱线层的层数均为最少三层，纱线层中的纤维纱线直径大于编织层中织线的直径。
优选的，所述的水平铺层与垂向铺层之间加垫水平设置的垫片编织层，垫片编织层的宽度等于垂向铺层的厚度，厚度等于编织层的厚度。
优选的，所述的编织层、垫片编织层和纤维包裹层均由碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚酯玻纤和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种编织而成，纱线层为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚酯玻纤和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。
拉挤型材，以树指为基体，纤维为增强材料，采用拉挤工艺成型，其特征所述纤维的铺层结构采用权利要求至任一项所述的增强材料的纤维铺层结构。
发明的有益效果是：
本发明的增强材料的纤维铺层结构中用纤维包裹层将纤维铺层完全包裹，且纤维包裹层的厚度大于纤维铺上任一层的厚度，使纤维铺层结构形成一个整体，使纤维铺层结构拉挤成型后具有均匀的纵向和横向机械性能，在长时间的承载过程中，型材不容易出现分层，整体强度高、机械性能好，提高型材的使用可靠性和使用寿命。
本发明中纤维铺层的横截面为工字型或王字型，纤维铺层由水平铺层和垂向铺层组成，且水平铺层和垂向铺层均通过纱纱层和编织层交替铺设，提高纤维铺层中各层的固化连接强度，提高纤维铺层结构的拉挤成型后的层间结合强度，可增加纤维铺层的整体强度，保证纤维铺层的纵向及横向强度均匀，纤维包裹层沿外表面贴合包裹，纤维铺层的表层为纱线层，纤维包裹层为单层或多层的多轴向编织纤维布，即用纤维布包裹纤维铺层表层的纱线层，增加纤维包裹层与纤维铺层间树脂胶体的浸润面积，提高纤维包裹层与纤维铺层的固化连接强度，提高型材的拉伸能力和抗劈性能，克服现有技术中拉挤型材存在的纵向抗劈性能不足、层间结合能力不足的缺陷，满足构件或建筑结构对复合材料拉挤型材的性能要求。
附图说明
图1为纤维铺层的横截面呈工字型时增强材料的纤维铺层结构的横截面示意图。
图2为纤维铺层的横截面呈王字型时增强材料的纤维铺层结构的横截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1至图2对本发明的实施例做详细说明。
增强材料的纤维铺层结构，包括叠层铺设的纤维铺层2和纤维包裹层1，其特征在于所述的纤维包裹层1将纤维铺层2的外表面完全包裹，且纤维包裹层1的厚度大于纤维铺层1中任一层的厚度。
如图所示，增强材料的纤维铺层结构中用纤维包裹层将纤维铺层完全包裹，且纤维包裹层的厚度大于纤维铺上任一层的厚度，使纤维铺层结构形成一个整体，使纤维铺层结构拉挤成型后具有均匀的纵向和横向机械性能，在长时间的承载过程中，型材不容易出现分层，整体强度高、机械性能好，提高型材的使用可靠性和使用寿命。
其中，所述的纤维铺层2的横截面为工字型或王字型结构，纤维包裹层1沿纤维铺层2的外表面贴合包裹，纤维铺层2包括水平设置的水平铺层3和垂向设置的垂向铺层4，垂向铺层4夹在两个水平铺层3之间构成工字型或王字型的纤维铺层。工字型和王字型截面的纤维铺层2具有更好的承载强度，而且通过水平铺层3和垂向铺层4的配合形成工字型或王字型的纤维铺层2可进一步均匀纤维铺层2横向和纵向的机械性能，保证纤维铺层2形成成型材后，型材在纵向承载和横向承载过程均具有较好的强度，有效防止型材在承载过程中产生分层及裂纹，提高型材的使用可靠性和使用寿命。
其中，所述的水平铺层3由纱线层21和编织层22交替水平叠层形成，垂向铺层4由纱线层21和编织层22交替垂向叠层形成。通过纱纱层21和编织层22交替叠层，增加浸胶过程中水平铺层3和垂向铺层4中各层之间浸胶面积，提高纤维铺层中各层的固化连接强度。
其中，所述的纤维铺层2的表层均为纱线层21，即用纤维布包裹纤维铺层表层的纱线层，增加纤维包裹层与纤维铺层间树脂胶体的浸润面积，提高纤维包裹层与纤维铺层的固化连接强度。
其中，所述的水平铺层3的厚度等于垂直向铺层4的厚度，且纤维包裹层1的厚度为水平铺层3厚度的1/5~1/4。纤维包裹层1的厚度太薄起不到将纤维铺层2有效包裹的作用，纤维包裹层1的厚度太厚，会减少纤维铺层2的厚度，从而减小纤维铺层2的结构强度，根据反复试验和分析得到，纤维包裹层1的厚度为水平铺层3厚度的1/5~1/4，使纤维包裹层1有效的将纤维铺层2包裹，增加纤维铺层2的整体机械性能，又不是减小纤维铺层2的厚度，使纤维铺层2具有良好的结构强度。
其中，所述的纤维包裹层1为单层或多层的多轴向编织纤维布，采用纤维布包裹的力度更强，包裹效果更好，且纤维布的编织密度大于编织层22的编织密度，用编织密度更高的纤维布包裹，可有效的提高包裹力度，增加纤维铺层结构拉挤成型形成的型材的表面强度，保证型材外表面不易出现破损。
其中，所述的纱线层21厚度大于或等于织物层22的厚度，保证纱线层21与织物层22间的固化连接强度，且水平铺层3和垂向铺层4中纱线层21的层数均为最少三层，保证水平铺层3和垂向铺层4固化后的强度，纱线层21中的纤维纱线直径大于编织层22中织线的直径，提高纱线层21中纤维纱钱的强度，从而提高纱线层21的整体结构强度。
其中，所述的水平铺层3与垂向铺层4之间加垫水平设置的垫片编织层23，垫片编织层23的宽度等于垂向铺层4的厚度，厚度等于编织层22的厚度。水平铺层3和垂向铺层4之间通过垫片编织层23过渡，提高水平铺层3和垂向铺层4的固化连接强度。
其中，所述的编织层22、垫片编织层23和纤维包裹层1均由碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚酯玻纤和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种编织而成，纱线层22为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚酯玻纤和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。根据增强材料的纤维铺层结构固化成型后的使用需求，选择需合的纤维材质。
本发明还保护一种拉挤型材，以树指为基体，纤维为增强材料，采用拉挤工艺成型，其特征所述纤维的铺层结构采用以上所述的增强材料的纤维铺层结构。
以上所述的拉挤型材横截面为工字型或王字型，纤维铺层由水平铺层和垂向铺层组成，且水平铺层和垂向铺层均通过纱纱层和编织层交替铺设，提高纤维铺层中各层的固化连接强度，提高型材内的层间结合强度，可增加纤维铺层的整体强度，保证纤维铺层的纵向及横向强度均匀，纤维包裹层沿外表面贴合包裹，纤维铺层的表层为纱线层，纤维包裹层为单层或多层的多轴向编织纤维布，即用纤维布包裹纤维铺层表层的纱线层，增加纤维包裹层与纤维铺层间树脂胶体的浸润面积，提高纤维包裹层与纤维铺层的固化连接强度，型材的拉伸能力和抗劈性能更高，克服现有技术中拉挤型材存在的纵向抗劈性能不足、层间结合能力不足的缺陷，满足构件或建筑结构对复合材料拉挤型材的性能要求。
本发明的优点在于：
1、纤维铺层结构拉挤成型后具有均匀的纵向和横向机械性能。
2、在长时间的承载过程中，型材不容易出现分层，整体强度高、机械性能好，提高型材的使用可靠性和使用寿命。
3、维铺层由水平铺层和垂向铺层组成，且水平铺层和垂向铺层均通过纱纱层和编织层交替铺设，提高纤维铺层中各层的固化连接强度，提高纤维铺层结构的拉挤成型后的层间结合强度，可增加纤维铺层的整体强度，保证纤维铺层的纵向及横向强度均匀。
4、用纤维布包裹纤维铺层表层的纱线层，增加纤维包裹层与纤维铺层间树脂胶体的浸润面积，提高纤维包裹层与纤维铺层的固化连接强度。
5、提高型材的拉伸能力和抗劈性能，克服现有技术中拉挤型材存在的纵向抗劈性能不足、层间结合能力不足的缺陷。
6、满足构件或建筑结构对复合材料拉挤型材的性能要求。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施例的技术方案进行完整描述，需要说明的是所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (5)

1.增强材料的纤维铺层结构，包括叠层铺设的纤维铺层（2）和纤维包裹层（1），其特征在于所述的纤维包裹层（1）将纤维铺层（2）的外表面完全包裹，且纤维包裹层（1）的厚度大于纤维铺层（2）中任一层的厚度；
所述的纤维铺层（2）的横截面为工字型或王字型结构，纤维包裹层（1）沿纤维铺层（2）的外表面贴合包裹，纤维铺层（2）包括水平设置的水平铺层（3）和垂向设置的垂向铺层（4），垂向铺层（4）夹在两个水平铺层（3）之间构成工字型或王字型的纤维铺层（2）；
所述的水平铺层（3）由纱线层（21）和编织层（22）交替水平叠层形成，垂向铺层（4）由纱线层（21）和编织层（22）交替垂向叠层形成；
所述的纤维铺层（2）的表层均为纱线层（21）；
所述的纤维包裹层（1）为单层或多层的多轴向编织纤维布，且纤维布的编织密度大于编织层（22）的编织密度；
水平铺层（3）与垂向铺层（4）之间加垫水平设置的垫片编织层（23），垫片编织层（23）的宽度等于垂向铺层（4）的厚度，厚度等于编织层（22）的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的增强材料的纤维铺层结构，其特征在于所述的水平铺层（3）的厚度等于垂向铺层（4）的厚度，且纤维包裹层（1）的厚度为水平铺层（3）厚度的1/5~1/4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的增强材料的纤维铺层结构，其特征在于所述的纱线层（21）厚度大于或等于编织层（22）的厚度，且水平铺层（3）和垂向铺层（4）中纱线层（21）的层数均为最少三层，纱线层（21）中的纤维纱线直径大于编织层（22）中织线的直径。
4.根据权利要求1所述的增强材料的纤维铺层结构，其特征在于所述的编织层（22）、垫片编织层（23）和纤维包裹层（1）均由碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚酯玻纤和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种编织而成，纱线层（21）为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚酯玻纤和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。
5.拉挤型材，以树指为基体，纤维为增强材料，采用拉挤工艺成型，其特征在 于所述纤维的铺层结构采用权利要求1至4任一项所述的增强材料的纤维铺层结构。
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