CN109221805A - A kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, belong to Aquatic Feed Processing technical field, it include protein sources raw material in the feed, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material, auxiliary material and coating raw material, further include algae nutrient, contain sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium in above-mentioned algae nutrient preparation homogeneous agent.The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, mainly seaweed extracts algae nutrient through pickling, enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonic vibration, extruding after mixing again with protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material and auxiliary material is finally coated with fat source raw material and coating raw material to obtain the final product.Contain water soluble algae nutrient in a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed provided by the invention, disintegration rate and dissolve-loss ratio are low in water, are disintegrated quickly in gastric juice, have high stability and high digestibility;The preparation method of the efficient compound feed has the advantages that high extraction efficiency, with short production cycle, raw material availability and yield are high, biological enzyme supported quantity is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Aquatic Feed Processing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Tilapia mossambica has the characteristics that growth is fast, reproductive capacity is strong, feeding habits are miscellaneous, premunition is strong, is suitable for fresh water or salt-fresh water
Pond, net cage, flowing water pond high density intensive culture, and Tilapia mossambica dressing percentage is high, and moderate product price is disappeared both at home and abroad
The welcome of the person of expense, thus become by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) recommend to world-wide deployment cultivate high-quality fish and I
State dominates one of aquaculture kind, while China is also the maximum Tilapia mossambica exported country in the whole world.2014, global Tilapia mossambica produced
Amount reaches 5,450,000 tons, wherein Chinese Rofe fish crop is 169.8 ten thousand tons.With the fast development of Tilapia mossambica aquaculture, to feed
The demand of protein sources is continuously increased.Currently, high-vegetable-plant feed in Rofe fish culture using more and more extensive.But it is high
Plant protein fodder contain it is some lose flavor substance and anti-nutritional factors, cause palatability is poor, to digest and absorb rate low to ask
Topic, palatability difference directly result in aquatic livestock and ingest not positive or food refusal, influence the growth and physiological function of Tilapia mossambica, and feed
Overlong time in water, had both caused the waste of feed, while also resulting in the pollution of breeding water body, how to pass through what addition was suitable for
Feeding stimulants improve Tilapia mossambica ingest and growth performance, and inquire into its mechanism of action, have in Rofe fish culture important
Theory significance and practical application value.
Insect is maximum guiding principle in the world, there is more than 200 ten thousand kinds, accounts for 2/3 or more of world animal sum, and insect has food
Object is single, reproduction speed is fast, quantity is more, is easy to cultivate, at low cost, resourceful, the advantages that being easily managed, and belongs to sustainable benefit
Living resources are a kind of very potential new protein sources for needing deep development.Protein contained by certain insects,
Amino acid, essential fatty acid, vitamin, minerals etc. or its mutually make up, be able to satisfy the needs of aquatic economic animals, can
Become the forage protein source of aquatic economic animals to substitute the fish meal of high price.Seaweed is more rich in protein, dietary fiber, seaweed
Sugar, mannitol, high unsaturated fatty acid, amino acid, vitamin, more halogen multi-diterpene quasi-compounds, phytosterin compound and potassium, iron,
The microelements such as calcium, phosphorus, iodine, selenium, cobalt and a variety of active skull cap components are a kind of high protein, low heat value, high physiological activity
The raw material of natural ideal nutritional food, but the main nutrient composition of seaweed is to be combined in the form of insoluble with algae component
, therefore nutritional ingredient is generally difficult to digest and assimilate.
The prior art such as Chinese invention patent CN102701866B disclose a kind of fermentation liquid seaweed extract material synergist and its
Production method and purposes, wherein using natural seaweed as raw material, through microbial fermentation, then taken with alkali carries, the processes such as filters pressing produce sea
Algae extracting solution, then adds chelated microelements, obtains fermentation alga liquid fertilizer synergist, organic molecule in seaweed extracted liquor
Amount is smaller, and solid content is higher, is able to maintain lower viscosity and good mobility, and effective component extraction is more complete, but
It is to be extracted by multiple physical and chemical method, the dissolution such as algin, mannitol, water soluble vitamin, minerals in seaweed
It is lost, loses the active material in alginic cell significantly.
Summary of the invention
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide one kind containing water soluble algae nutrient, dissolve-loss ratio is low, is disintegrated in water
Rate is low, Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed quick, that stability is high, digestibility is high is disintegrated in gastric juice.
The second object of the present invention be to provide a kind of high extraction efficiency, with short production cycle, raw material availability and yield it is high,
The preparation method of the high Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed of biological enzyme supported quantity.
The technical solution that the present invention is taken to achieve the above object are as follows:
A kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, including protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material and auxiliary material, should
Further include algae nutrient in feed, contains sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium in above-mentioned algae nutrient preparation homogeneous agent.
Algae nutrient is added in the feed, wherein remaining sea containing components such as amino acid, polypeptide, polysaccharide, algin, algae oligosaccharides
The effective component of algae whole, and these algae nutrients be it is water-soluble, fish are easy to absorb, and digestive utilization ratio is high, can promote
The growth performance of fish improves meat quality.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, contains sodium benzoate in algae nutrient preparation homogeneous agent and take off
Homogeneous agent is added in hydroacetic acid sodium during ultrasonic vibration slurrying, and homogeneous agent penetrates into rapidly thin under the assistance of ultrasonic wave
Portion intracellular has an effect with the molecule not dissociated, inhibits absorption of the cell membrane to amino acid, increases the number of pores on cell membrane
Amount, while obstinate bacterial spore can be thoroughly killed, the macromoleculars such as ionization degradation of polysaccharide, alkali storage form a large amount of small molecule actives
Ingredient makes cell generate stronger collapse in Fast Stripping, is conducive to improve extraction efficiency, greatly shortens extraction time
Meanwhile more active constituents and nutrition composition are obtained, improve raw material availability.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, seaweed is selected from Sargassum, asparagus, sargassum fusifome, chlorella, horse hair
One or more of algae, spirulina.Seaweed is to can be carried out photosynthetic low autophyte in ocean, rich in protein,
Vitamin, minerals, polysaccharide and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, seaweed are not only able to satisfy fish to the need of protein and energy
It asks, moreover it is possible to enhance its immune function, increase economic efficiency.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, protein sources raw material includes animality and vegetable protein source, animal
Property protein sources be fish meal, insect powder, vegetable protein source be dregs of beans, corn protein powder, peanut meal, rapeseed dregs, full fat rice bran, cotton
At least two in the dregs of rice;Fat source raw material is at least one of soya-bean oil, corn oil, phosphatide, chicken fat, fish oil;Sugar source raw material is
Alphalise starch.The parts by weight of above-mentioned several raw materials are as follows: 20~25 parts of animal protein source, 8~12 parts of vegetable protein source, fat
8~15 parts of source, 7~12 parts of sugar source.Above-mentioned insect powder be by the insects such as grub, fly maggot, yellow meal worm, locust be Raw material processing and
At wherein containing higher crude protein content, amino acid ratio is complete, also rich in bioactivity such as chitin, natural antibacterial peptides
Substance has effects that enhance immunity of organisms, resists poor environment stimulation, not only can be used as animal protein sources but also can replace
For antibiotic.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, being coated with raw material includes that envelope forming agent and enzyme are coated with, wherein envelope
Forming agent is selected from least one of guar gum, cellulose, sodium cellulose glycolate, chitosan, gelatin, agar.Enzyme coating and
Envelope forming agent is coated with molding feed granules, enzyme can be made to be adsorbed onto particle surface, after fish, absorption
Enzyme on feed granules surface is activated in gastric juice and is collapsed, and can greatly improve fish to the digestibility of feed, quilt is added
Film forming agent can make enzyme more longlasting in the attachment of particle surface, and also making feed granules, molten mistake slows in water, reduce feed
Dissolve-loss ratio and injected volume, reduce aquaculture cost.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, enzyme be coated with raw material be alpha-amylase, protease, in lipase extremely
Few one kind.Fish can not secrete enough amylase and part protease when digesting feed, so that feed can not be disappeared completely
Change and utilize, while these indigested ingredients will cause breeding water body eutrophication, therefore in feed with the excretion of fish
External enzyme is added, digestive efficiency can be improved, reduces feed coefficient, reduces feed cost, improves breeding water body quality.
It is poly- including multi-vitamins, composite mineral salt, β-Portugal in auxiliary material as a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention
Sugar, taurine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, glycine betaine, nicotinate chromium and ethoxyquinoline.Each component and its parts by weight are such as in above-mentioned auxiliary material
Under: 2~3 parts of multi-vitamins, 2~3 parts of composite mineral salt, 3~5 parts of beta glucan, 4~6 parts of taurine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1
~3 parts, 2~4 parts of glycine betaine, 2~3 parts of nicotinate chromium and 2~3 parts of ethoxyquinoline.The addition of auxiliary material facilitate feed food calling,
The gain effect of nutrition reinforcement, anti-metamorphic, resistance to storage etc..
Invention additionally discloses a kind of preparation methods of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: after taking 9~13 parts of seaweed removal of impurities by weight, being cleaned with the dilute acid soln that pH is 2~4, and grind even
Slurry, then enzyme enzymatic hydrolysis, after enzymolysis liquid is inactivated, filtering, filtrate and filter cake are spare;
Step 2: take step 1 gained filter cake to be added aqueous slkali and homogeneous agent, slurrying under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration, after the completion,
Slurries are mixed with step 1 gained filtrate, it is dry to get algae nutrient;
Step 3: after mixing by protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, algae nutrient and auxiliary material, steam modulation, extruding
And it is dry, obtain swelling granular;
Step 4: after adding water that solution or dispersion liquid is made enzyme coating raw material, adding the stirring of envelope forming agent and coating is made
Agent;
Step 5: after fat source raw material is sprayed on swelling granular, then being sprayed and be coated with emulsion, to get cooperation after cooling
Feed.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 1 dilute acid soln be sulfuric acid, nitric acid, in acetic acid at least
One kind, additive amount are 3~10 times of seaweed weight, and scavenging period is 0.5~1h;Enzymatic hydrolysis with enzyme be cellulase, protease,
At least one of lipase, pectase, by the vigor of enzyme be 50000 units in terms of, enzyme additive amount be seaweed weight 3~
10%, enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 4~6, and temperature is 40~55 DEG C.Using weak acid scrubbing seaweed, while reaching washing effect, part
The harmful heavy metal ions such as arsenic, lead, chromium are dispelled, and wherein inorganic iodine part is dispelled, but organic iodine is fully retained in frond
In.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, aqueous slkali is ammonium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, hydroxide in step 2
At least one of calcium, additive amount are 4~6 times of filter cake weight;The additive amount of homogeneous agent be filter cake weight 0.13~
0.25%, wherein the weight ratio of sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium is 3.5~3.8:2.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic vibration mode in step 2 is sinusoidal state ultrasonic wave and change
Frequency ultrasonic is aided with the processing mode of revolving speed concussion, revolving speed with the progress of-sine-frequency conversion-sine-frequency conversion alternating sequence
For 150~200rpm, slurrying temperature is 85~95 DEG C, and the time is 1~2h;Sinusoidal state ultrasonic frequency is 32~36kHz, power
For 200mW/cm2, the time is 10~20min;Variable-frequency ultrasound wave frequency rate is 36~42kHz, power 200mW/cm2, the time 20
~30min.Seaweed is handled in a manner of ultrasonic wave extraction, promotes active material in seaweed using ultrasonic cavitation
Fast Stripping, vibration amplitude can be increased using composite ultraphonic, increase mass transfer surfaces product, the maximum cavitation bubble of generation is bigger,
And can be reduced dead angle caused by standing wave, and yield is improved, it is more abundanter than the nutritional ingredient in general ultrasonic extraction product.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, steam refining temperature is 95~105 DEG C in step 3, the time is 2~
3min;Swelling temperature is 110~130 DEG C;Drying temperature is 80~90 DEG C, and the time is 10~15min.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, the amount of enzyme coating raw material is the 15 of swelling granular weight in step 4
~20%, the amount of envelope forming agent is the 5~10% of swelling granular weight, and the concentration of enzyme solutions or suspension is 10~20%.
The invention has the benefit that
1) in feed of the present invention be added using composite ultraphonic wave extract algae nutrient, wherein containing amino acid, polypeptide,
The components such as polysaccharide, algin, algae oligosaccharides, unsaturated fatty acid remain the nutrition effective component of seaweed, and algae nutrient is
Water-soluble, fish are easy to absorb, and digestive utilization ratio is high, can promote the growth performance of fish, improve meat quality, moreover it is possible to enhance
Its immune function;
2) feed granules are coated with using enzyme in the present invention, capable of making feed granules, molten mistake slows in water, moreover it is possible to significantly
Fish are improved to the digestibility of feed, feed coefficient is reduced, reduces the dissolve-loss ratio and injected volume of feed, reduce cultivation at
This, at the same mitigate because fish excretion caused by water eutrophication;
3) efficient compound feed nutrition full price provided by the invention, rationally, dissolve-loss ratio is low after dispensing, water resistance for proportion
It is good, after fish, the fater disintegration in gastric juice, and facilitate the digestion and absorption of feed, promote mentioning for fish growth performance
Height reduces aquaculture cost;
4) preparation method of efficient compound feed provided in the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and extraction efficiency is high, the production cycle
Short, raw material availability and yield are high, and the supported quantity of made feed biological enzyme is high, and easy disintegrating, stability is not good in water.
Present invention employs above-mentioned technical proposals to provide a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed and preparation method thereof, makes up
The deficiencies in the prior art, reasonable design, easy operation.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, including protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material and auxiliary material, should
Further include algae nutrient in feed, contains sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium in above-mentioned algae nutrient preparation homogeneous agent.
Algae nutrient is added in the feed, wherein remaining sea containing components such as amino acid, polypeptide, polysaccharide, algin, algae oligosaccharides
The effective component of algae whole, and these algae nutrients be it is water-soluble, fish are easy to absorb, and digestive utilization ratio is high, can promote
The growth performance of fish improves meat quality.
Contain sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium in algae nutrient preparation homogeneous agent, in the process of ultrasonic vibration slurrying
Middle addition homogeneous agent, homogeneous agent penetrate into rapidly cell interior under the assistance of ultrasonic wave, make with the molecule not dissociated
With absorption of the inhibition cell membrane to amino acid increases the hole quantity on cell membrane, while can thoroughly kill obstinate bacterium
Spore, the macromoleculars such as ionization degradation of polysaccharide, alkali storage, forms a large amount of small molecule active ingredients, generates cell in Fast Stripping
Stronger collapse is conducive to improve extraction efficiency, while greatly shortening extraction time, obtains more active constituents and battalion
Component is supported, raw material availability is improved.
Seaweed is the equal amount of mixture of asparagus and sargassum fusifome.Seaweed is to can be carried out photosynthetic low autotrophy in ocean
Plant, is rich in proteins,vitamins,minerals, polysaccharide and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and seaweed is not only able to satisfy fish to egg
The demand of white matter and energy, moreover it is possible to enhance its immune function, increase economic efficiency.
Protein sources raw material includes animality and vegetable protein source, and animal protein source is fish meal, insect powder, vegetalitas egg
Bai Yuanwei dregs of beans, corn protein powder;Fat source raw material is corn oil;Sugar source raw material is alphalise starch.The weight of above-mentioned several raw materials
Part is as follows: 5 parts of fish meal, 16 parts of insect powder, 4 parts of dregs of beans, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 8 parts of corn oil, and 8 parts of alphalise starch.Above-mentioned insect
Powder is to be formed by insects such as grub, fly maggot, yellow meal worm, locusts for Raw material processing, wherein containing higher crude protein content, amino
Acid proportion is complete, also rich in the bioactive substances such as chitin, natural antibacterial peptide, have enhancing immunity of organisms, resist it is bad
The effect of environmental stimulus, animal protein sources were not only can be used as but also can be with substitute antibiotics.
Coating raw material includes envelope forming agent and enzyme coating, and wherein envelope forming agent is guar gum.Enzyme coating and envelope shape
Molding feed granules are coated at agent, enzyme can be made to be adsorbed onto particle surface, after fish, be adsorbed on feed
The enzyme of particle surface is activated in gastric juice and is collapsed, and can greatly improve fish to the digestibility of feed, envelope is added and is formed
Agent can make enzyme more longlasting in the attachment of particle surface, and also making feed granules, molten mistake slows in water, reduce the molten mistake of feed
Rate and injected volume reduce aquaculture cost.
It is alpha-amylase that enzyme, which is coated with raw material,.Fish can not secrete enough amylase and part albumen when digesting feed
Enzyme, so that feed can not be digested utilization completely, while these indigested ingredients will cause cultivation water with the excretion of fish
Body eutrophication, therefore external enzyme is added in feed, digestive efficiency can be improved, reduce feed coefficient, reduce feed cost,
Improve breeding water body quality.
It include multi-vitamins, composite mineral salt, beta glucan, taurine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, glycine betaine, cigarette in auxiliary material
Sour chromium and ethoxyquinoline.Each component and its parts by weight are as follows in above-mentioned auxiliary material: 2 parts of multi-vitamins, 2 parts of composite mineral salt,
3 parts of beta glucan, 4 parts of taurine, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of glycine betaine, 2 parts of nicotinate chromium and 2 parts of ethoxyquinoline.Auxiliary material
Addition facilitate feed food calling, nutrition reinforcement, anti-metamorphic, it is resistance in terms of gain effect.
A kind of preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: after taking 9 parts of seaweed removal of impurities by weight, being cleaned with the dilute acid soln that pH is 3, and grind homogenate, then enzyme
Enzymatic hydrolysis, after enzymolysis liquid is inactivated, filtering, filtrate and filter cake are spare;
Step 2: take step 1 gained filter cake to be added aqueous slkali and homogeneous agent, slurrying under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration, after the completion,
Slurries are mixed with step 1 gained filtrate, it is dry to get algae nutrient;
Step 3: after mixing by protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, algae nutrient and auxiliary material, steam modulation, extruding
And it is dry, obtain swelling granular;
Step 4: after adding water that solution or dispersion liquid is made enzyme coating raw material, adding the stirring of envelope forming agent and coating is made
Agent;
Step 5: after fat source raw material is sprayed on swelling granular, then being sprayed and be coated with emulsion, to get cooperation after cooling
Feed.
Dilute acid soln is acetic acid in step 1, and additive amount is 8 times of seaweed weight, scavenging period 0.5h;Enzymatic hydrolysis uses enzyme
For cellulase, be 50000 units by the vigor of enzyme in terms of, enzyme additive amount is the 5% of seaweed weight, and enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 4.5, and temperature is
45℃.Using weak acid scrubbing seaweed, while reaching washing effect, the harmful heavy metal ions such as part arsenic, lead, chromium are dispelled
It removes, wherein inorganic iodine part is dispelled, but organic iodine is fully retained in frond.
Aqueous slkali is potassium carbonate in step 2, and additive amount is 6 times of filter cake weight;The additive amount of homogeneous agent is filter cake weight
The 0.17% of amount, wherein the weight ratio of sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium is 3.5:2.
Ultrasonic vibration mode in step 2 is sinusoidal state ultrasonic wave and variable-frequency ultrasonic with-sine-frequency conversion-sine-frequency conversion
Alternating sequence carry out, while being aided with the processing mode of revolving speed concussion, revolving speed 150rpm, slurrying temperature is 85 DEG C, and the time is
2h;Sinusoidal state ultrasonic frequency is 32kHz, power 200mW/cm2, time 15min;Variable-frequency ultrasound wave frequency rate is 36kHz,
Power is 200mW/cm2, time 20min.Seaweed is handled in a manner of ultrasonic wave extraction, utilizes ultrasonic cavitation
Promote the Fast Stripping of active material in seaweed, vibration amplitude can be increased using composite ultraphonic, increases mass transfer surfaces product, produce
Raw maximum cavitation bubble is bigger, and can be reduced dead angle caused by standing wave, yield is improved, than the nutrition in general ultrasonic extraction product
Ingredient is more abundant.
Steam refining temperature is 95 DEG C in step 3, time 3min;Swelling temperature is 115 DEG C;Drying temperature is 90 DEG C,
Time is 10min.
The amount of enzyme coating raw material is the 16.5% of swelling granular weight in step 4, and the amount of envelope forming agent is swelling granular
The concentration of the 7.5% of weight, enzyme solutions or suspension is 13.5%.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, wherein protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material component and its
Parts by weight are as follows: 7 parts of fish meal, 17 parts of insect powder, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 5 parts of rapeseed dregs, 4 parts of soya-bean oil, 7 parts of phosphatide, alphalise starch
10 parts.
The component and its parts by weight of auxiliary material are as follows in above-mentioned feed: 2.5 parts of multi-vitamins, 2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, β-
.5 parts of bextran 45,5 parts of taurine, 2.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.5 parts of glycine betaine, 3 parts of nicotinate chromium and 2.5 parts of ethoxyquinoline.
In the coating raw material of above-mentioned feed envelope forming agent be sodium cellulose glycolate, enzyme be coated with raw material be alpha-amylase,
The equal amount of mixture of protease, lipase.
A kind of preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: after taking 12 parts of seaweed removal of impurities by weight, cleaned with the dilute acid soln that pH is 4, and grind homogenate, then plus
Enzyme enzymatic hydrolysis, after enzymolysis liquid is inactivated, filtering, filtrate and filter cake are spare;
Step 2: take step 1 gained filter cake to be added aqueous slkali and homogeneous agent, slurrying under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration, after the completion,
Slurries are mixed with step 1 gained filtrate, it is dry to get algae nutrient;
Step 3: after mixing by protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, algae nutrient and auxiliary material, steam modulation, extruding
And it is dry, obtain swelling granular;
Step 4: after adding water that solution or dispersion liquid is made enzyme coating raw material, adding the stirring of envelope forming agent and coating is made
Agent;
Step 5: after fat source raw material is sprayed on swelling granular, then being sprayed and be coated with emulsion, to get cooperation after cooling
Feed.
Seaweed is asparagus, sargassum fusifome, spirulina equal amount of mixture in step 1;Dilute acid soln is nitric acid, and additive amount is
6 times of seaweed weight, scavenging period 0.75h;Enzymatic hydrolysis is cellulase, protease with enzyme, with the vigor of enzyme for 50000 units
Meter, enzyme additive amount are the 7.5% of seaweed weight, and enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 5.5, and temperature is 48 DEG C.
Aqueous slkali is sodium carbonate in step 2, and additive amount is 4 times of filter cake weight;The additive amount of homogeneous agent is filter cake weight
The 0.21% of amount, wherein the weight ratio of sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium is 3.7:2.
Ultrasonic vibration mode in step 2 is sinusoidal state ultrasonic wave and variable-frequency ultrasonic with-sine-frequency conversion-sine-frequency conversion
Alternating sequence carry out, while being aided with the processing mode of revolving speed concussion, revolving speed 200rpm, slurrying temperature is 90 DEG C, and the time is
1h;Sinusoidal state ultrasonic frequency is 35kHz, power 200mW/cm2, time 20min;Variable-frequency ultrasound wave frequency rate is 40kHz,
Power is 200mW/cm2, time 25min.
Steam refining temperature is 100 DEG C in step 3, time 2min;Swelling temperature is 125 DEG C;Drying temperature is 85 DEG C,
Time is 13min.
The amount of enzyme coating raw material is the 18.7% of swelling granular weight in step 4, and the amount of envelope forming agent is swelling granular
The concentration of the 8.6% of weight, enzyme solutions or suspension is 18.3%.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment further progress on the basis of embodiment 2 optimizes, wherein in the preparation for carrying out efficient compound feed
In the process, step 4 is optimized, specific Optimization Steps are as follows: after adding water that solution or dispersion liquid is made enzyme coating raw material, then
It is added immobilized dose and coating agent is made in the stirring of envelope forming agent, the amount of above-mentioned enzyme coating raw material is swelling granular weight
18.7%, the amount of envelope forming agent is the 8.6% of swelling granular weight, and the concentration of enzyme solutions or suspension is 18.3%, immobilized
The additive amount of agent is that enzyme is coated with the 0.77% of raw material, the weight of Tert-butyl Methacrylate and p-Coumaric Acid methyl esters in immobilized dose
Amount than being 1:1.5, immobilized dose can enzyme in reduction system, water, the solid-liquid between envelope forming agent, liquid liquid surface tension, promote life
Object enzyme quickly and evenly disperses in system, and by intermiscibility better between grease during coating, so that individually
The supported quantity of biological enzyme obviously rises on feed granules, can promote digestion and absorption of the fish to feed, in addition immobilized dose and envelope
Mechanical shearing is utilized between forming agent, is capable of forming the multidimensional structure of gantry, wherein by biological enzyme package, to make biological enzyme
It can only be attached on the outside of feed granules, and be unable to endosmosis and have an effect, to make feed nutrition when long-time saves
It will not be lost, and keep high stability inside particle, further decrease the dissolve-loss ratio of feed disintegration rate in water and feed.
The present embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 2, made mixed feed raw material and other preparation steps
It is consistent with embodiment 2, mixed feed is made.
Comparative example:
A kind of preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, wherein specific step is as follows for step 2: taking step 1 institute
It obtains filter cake addition aqueous slkali and homogeneous agent, slurrying under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration after the completion mixes slurries and step 1 gained filtrate
It closes, dry to get algae nutrient, above-mentioned aqueous slkali is sodium carbonate, and additive amount is 4 times of filter cake weight;Homogeneous agent adds
Dosage is the 0% of filter cake weight, i.e., is not added with homogeneous agent in the step.
This comparative example is that test is compared on the basis of embodiment 2, made mixed feed raw material and other preparations
Step and embodiment 2 are consistent, and efficient compound feed is made.
Embodiment 4:
Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed feeding experiment
In certain freshwater aquiculture production base, using the made mixed feed of Examples 1 to 3 as test group 1~3, comparative example institute
Mixed feed processed as a control group, using certain commercially available mixed feed as blank group, randomly chooses 10 pools mouthful, be divided into 2 groups it is parallel, put
After identical quantity, original body mass are supported without the Tilapia mossambica fry of significant difference, feed day 3~4 times, daily ration of feeding is identical, during which not
Administration of antibiotics.Reinforce process management in breeding process, after two weeks, sample analysis is acquired, as a result such as the following table 1.
Influence of 1 efficient compound feed of table to Growth Op Tilapia performance
Test group 1 | Test group 2 | Test group 3 | Control group | Blank group | |
First counterpoise/g | 3.34 | 3.30 | 3.38 | 3.35 | 3.34 |
Last counterpoise/g | 28.87 | 28.95 | 29.69 | 27.73 | 25.64 |
Specific growth rate/% | 3.81 | 3.87 | 3.92 | 3.78 | 3.61 |
Feed dissolve-loss ratio/% | 10.9 | 10.5 | 7.5 | 10.3 | 18.8 |
Protein efficiency ratio, PER | 2.08 | 2.06 | 2.07 | 2.10 | 1.93 |
Feed efficiency/% | 72.39 | 73.66 | 75.24 | 72.66 | 68.62 |
As shown in Table 1, the dissolve-loss ratio of blank group feed dissolve-loss ratio highest, test group 1,2 and control group is not much different, also bright
It is aobvious to be better than blank group, and test group 3 is due to being optimized, feed dissolve-loss ratio further decreases, and illustrates in test group 3 immobilized dose
Addition have remarkable result to the reduction of the dissolve-loss ratio of feed;Since feed dissolve-loss ratio reduces, the feed of Tilapia mossambica intake increases, and raises
Nutritional ingredient in material can be fully absorbed utilization, so test group and the feed efficiency of control group, last counterpoise are bright compared with blank group
It is aobvious to increase, illustrate that made feed has significant gain effect to the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica in embodiment.
Embodiment 5:
Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed slaking test
The preparation of simulated gastric fluid: 10% hydrochloric acid is added into water, is prepared into solution (the fish Gastric pH that pH reaches 3.0
It is 2.6~3.8).
Slaking test: respectively using embodiment 2, the made feed of embodiment 3 and certain commercially available mixed feed as test group 1,2,
3, test is respectively put into 100ML triangular flask with feed granules, water and simulated gastric fluid 80ML are respectively provided in triangular flask, then
It is placed on 150 beats/min of shaking table and is tested, as a result such as the following table 2.
The slaking test of 2 mixed feed of table
Time completely soluble in water | The time being completely dissolved in simulated gastric fluid | |
Test group 1 | 3~3.5h | 1.5~2h |
Test group 2 | 4.5~5h | 1~1.5h |
Test group 3 | 2~2.5h | 2.5~3h |
As shown in Table 2, the feed granules of test group 3 are easier to be disintegrated in water, but dissolve relatively slowly in gastric juice, lead
It causes under identical injected volume, it is less that fish take in forage volume, and digests and assimilates and be not enough;Test group 1,2 is able to maintain in water
Higher integrity and stability is disintegrated comparatively fast in gastric juice, takes the photograph conducive to fish due to being coated with enzyme coating outside feed
Nutritional ingredient is digested and assimilated after food;Test group 2 is disintegrated slowly in water compared with test group 1, and fast in simulated gastric fluid, is due to test
Group 2 it is optimized after, immobilized dose is attached to biological enzyme outside feed, can not endosmosis effect, to be able to maintain feeding in water
The stability of material after biological enzyme activates in simulated gastric fluid, acts on rapidly, thus can fater disintegration in simulated gastric fluid.
The preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed in the present invention, cleaning dilute acid soln not only includes in step 1
At least one of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid can also include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid;Alkali soluble used in step 2
Liquid not only includes at least one of ammonium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, can also include sodium hydroxide, hydroxide
Potassium;In step 4 envelope forming agent not only include guar gum, cellulose, sodium cellulose glycolate, chitosan, gelatin, in agar
At least one can also include natural rubber, alginates, chitosan salt, Sodium Polyacrylate, poly- methylurea, ligninsulfonate, angle
Pitch at least one of dish glue;Enzyme coating raw material not only includes alpha-amylase, protease, at least one in lipase in step 4
Kind, it can also include zytase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, 'beta '-mannase, beta amylase, hemicellulase, cellulase, fruit
The carbohydrate-splitting enzymes such as glue enzyme, glucoamylase, lactase, zytase, chitosan enzyme can also decompose phosphorus including phytase etc.
Enzyme can also include alkali protease, acid protease, neutral proteinase, plant rennet, bromelain, Papain
The proteases such as enzyme, can be used more than one.
The prior art of routine techniques dawn known to those skilled in the art in above-described embodiment, therefore herein no longer in detail
It repeats.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, the ordinary skill people of this field
Member can also make a variety of changes and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, all equivalent
Technical solution also belong to scope of the invention, scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed, including protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugar source raw material, auxiliary material and coating
Raw material, it is characterised in that: further include algae nutrient in feed;Contain benzoic acid in the algae nutrient preparation homogeneous agent
Sodium and dehydroactic acid sodium.
2. a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the seaweed is selected from extra large wormwood artemisia
At least one of son, asparagus, sargassum fusifome, chlorella, sargassum, spirulina.
3. a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the coating raw material includes
Envelope forming agent and enzyme coating;The envelope forming agent is selected from guar gum, cellulose, sodium cellulose glycolate, chitosan, bright
At least one of glue, agar.
4. a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the enzyme is coated with raw material and is
At least one of alpha-amylase, protease, lipase.
5. a kind of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: include multiple in the auxiliary material
Close vitamin, composite mineral salt, beta glucan, taurine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, glycine betaine, nicotinate chromium and ethoxyquinoline.
6. a kind of described in any item preparation methods of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed of claim 1 ~ 5, it is characterised in that: packet
Include following steps:
Step 1: after taking seaweed to clean, being cleaned with the dilute acid soln that pH is 2 ~ 4, and grind homogenate, then enzyme enzymatic hydrolysis, by enzymolysis liquid
After inactivation, filtering, filtrate and filter cake are spare;
Step 2: taking step 1 gained filter cake that aqueous slkali and homogeneous agent, slurrying under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration is added will starch after the completion
Liquid is mixed with step 1 gained filtrate, dry to get algae nutrient;
Step 3: after mixing by protein sources raw material, sugar source raw material, algae nutrient and auxiliary material, steam modulation, extruding is simultaneously done
It is dry, obtain swelling granular;
Step 4: after adding water that solution or dispersion liquid is made enzyme coating raw material, adding the stirring of envelope forming agent and coating agent is made;
Step 5: after fat source raw material is sprayed on swelling granular, then being sprayed and be coated with coating agent, raised after cooling to get cooperation
Material.
7. a kind of preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the step
The additive amount of dilute acid soln is 3~10 times of seaweed weight in rapid 1, and scavenging period is 0.5 ~ 1h;Enzymatic hydrolysis with enzyme be cellulase,
At least one of protease, lipase, pectase, by the vigor of enzyme be 50000 units in terms of, enzyme additive amount be seaweed weight
3 ~ 10%, enzymatic hydrolysis pH be 4 ~ 6, temperature be 40 ~ 55 DEG C.
8. a kind of preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the step
The additive amount of aqueous slkali is 4 ~ 6 times of filter cake weight in rapid 2, and the additive amount of homogeneous agent is the 0.13 ~ 0.25% of filter cake weight,
The weight ratio of middle sodium benzoate and dehydroactic acid sodium is 3.5 ~ 3.8:2.
9. a kind of preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the step
Ultrasonic vibration mode in rapid 2 is sinusoidal state ultrasonic wave and variable-frequency ultrasonic with-sine-frequency conversion-sine-frequency conversion alternating sequence
Carry out, at the same be aided with revolving speed concussion processing mode, revolving speed be 150 ~ 200rpm, slurrying temperature be 85 ~ 95 DEG C, the time be 1 ~
2h;The sine state ultrasonic frequency is 32 ~ 36kHz, power 200mW/cm2, the time is 10 ~ 20min;The variable-frequency ultrasound
Wave frequency rate is 36 ~ 42kHz, power 200mW/cm2, the time is 20 ~ 30min.
10. a kind of preparation method of Tilapia mossambica efficient compound feed according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described
The amount of enzyme coating raw material is the 15 ~ 20% of swelling granular weight in step 4, the amount of envelope forming agent be swelling granular weight 5 ~
10%, the concentration of enzyme solutions or suspension is 10 ~ 20%.
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