CN109212627B - Thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on subdivision series - Google Patents

Thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on subdivision series Download PDF

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CN109212627B
CN109212627B CN201710548210.8A CN201710548210A CN109212627B CN 109212627 B CN109212627 B CN 109212627B CN 201710548210 A CN201710548210 A CN 201710548210A CN 109212627 B CN109212627 B CN 109212627B
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CN109212627A (en
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安艳君
郭佳玉
付江娜
熊健
张聪
宋灿灿
林中
刘桂林
杨卫琪
王恺
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Henan Oilfield Branch Co
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Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Henan Oilfield Branch Co
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30Analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30Analysis
    • G01V1/306Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00Details of seismic processing or analysis
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    • G01V2210/624Reservoir parameters
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60Analysis
    • G01V2210/62Physical property of subsurface
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    • G01V2210/6246Permeability

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Abstract

The invention discloses a thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on a subdivision layer system, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploration and development. Firstly, carrying out geological thin reservoir characterization and seismic reservoir prediction by dividing a bed series in a fault-lithologic and lithologic trap development area, combining the fault-lithologic and lithologic trap development area and preferably characterizing a single sand body boundary by using seismic attribute body slices matched with the thin reservoir sedimentation characteristics; then combing the distribution area of the high-quality thin reservoir and the position of the lithologic plugging zone layer by layer to realize the fine description of the thin reservoir spreading characteristics; then carrying out effectiveness analysis on the thin reservoir layer system which is implemented, determining the lower physical property limit of the effective reservoir layer, screening and removing a dry difference layer, and defining the spatial distribution area of the effective reservoir layer; and finally, carrying out oil content analysis of the trap in an effective reservoir distribution area to obtain the single-layer storage increase scale, and determining the storage increase scale of the target potential area according to a layer system superposition mode to realize the overall evaluation of the block resource potential.

Description

Thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on subdivision series
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on a subdivision layer system, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploration and development.
Background
With the improvement of exploration degree, the remaining oil and gas resources to be discovered are more and more hidden, exploration and development objects are more and more complex, lithologic and fault-lithologic oil and gas reservoirs taking thin reservoirs as main control factors are the main fields of increasing storage and increasing production of old oil areas at the present stage, but how the oil and gas resource enrichment areas and the increasing storage potential of the oil reservoirs are embodied, whether the scale can be formed, how the distribution areas of high-quality reservoirs and the specific positions of lithologic plugging zones are defined are the key points concerned by researchers at present.
In recent years, a plurality of researches are carried out aiming at the storage potential increase of old oil areas, including the research on reservoir formation factor anatomy, reservoir formation mode and oil gas enrichment rule, and a plurality of achievements including the whole oil gas distribution rule and the storage potential increase direction are obtained. However, how to refine and quantify the enhanced storage potential and solve the current exploration problem and technical bottleneck, no too detailed scheme and effective implementation method exist, and a complete application and research system aiming at thin reservoir description and detailed enhanced storage potential evaluation is not formed, which seriously affects the success rate of exploration and development of lithologic and fault-lithologic oil and gas reservoirs under the control of the thin reservoir.
Therefore, a thin reservoir description and reservoir increment size determination method suitable for identification of the old oil zone subdivision system needs to be developed in a targeted mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thin reservoir description and storage increase scale determination method based on a subdivision layer system, and aims to solve the technical problems of difficult hidden trap identification, unclear reservoir delineation, difficult storage increase potential and scale reserve discovery and the like in the exploration process of old oil zones.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on a subdivided layer system comprises the following steps:
1) dividing the sedimentation units through fine stratum contrast;
2) performing layer-by-layer research on sedimentary microfacies and sandstone spread characteristics of a minimum sedimentary unit reservoir, and determining the positions of a high-quality thin reservoir development area and a lithologic boundary by a layering system;
3) carrying out fine synthetic recording and desanding experimental analysis, and determining the seismic response of the thin reservoir through the amplitude change rate;
4) selecting reference seismic reflection layers on the upper and lower parts of the thin reservoir seismic reflection, carrying out seismic event axis plane interpretation tracking, and then selecting time window layers on the upper and lower parts of the reference seismic reflection layers to manufacture seismic attribute body slices;
5) selecting seismic attribute body slices matched with the sedimentary characteristics of the thin reservoir, and completing geological interpretation of seismic attributes and delineation of reservoir distribution boundaries;
6) analyzing the physical property characteristics and lithologic characteristics of the reservoir, determining the physical property lower limit of the effective reservoir, screening and removing a stem difference layer, and delineating the spatial distribution region of the effective reservoir;
7) determining the oil content of the trap in the effective reservoir distribution area by taking the single layer as a basic geological unit and combining the reservoir, the structure, the oil-water matching relation and the production dynamic state to obtain the single-layer storage increase scale;
8) and according to a layer series superposition mode, superposing the effective layer traps together to obtain the storage scale of the target potential area.
In the step 1), the fine stratum contrast adopts a point-line-surface layer-by-layer advancing contrast principle.
The step 1) of dividing the sedimentation units refers to dividing the sedimentation units into four units, namely a group, a sand group, a small layer and a single sand body from coarse to fine according to the division standard of a reference well.
The research on the distribution characteristics of the sedimentary microfacies and the sandstones in the step 2) comprises large-phase and small-phase researches, sediment source analysis and rock phase, logging phase, profile phase and plane phase researches which are carried out by taking a small layer and a single sand body as main units, and sand body plane and profile distribution characteristic researches.
The high-quality thin storage layer in the step 2) refers to a river channel, a sand dam and mat-shaped sand with the thickness of a single sand body being more than or equal to 2 meters.
The amplitude change rate in the step 3) refers to the ratio of the amplitude value after desanding of the wave crests or wave troughs adjacent to the upper part and the lower part of the single sand body calibration position on the synthetic seismic record to the amplitude value of the wave crests or the wave troughs before desanding.
The reference seismic reflection layer in the step 4) refers to a seismic event with geological isochronal interface significance on a seismic section, and has the characteristics of stable and continuous reflection and easiness in tracking on the seismic section.
The preparation of the seismic attribute body slice in the step 5) needs to select the method which is most suitable for the given structure and stratum state, and comprises a parallel top method, a parallel bottom method, an equal proportion interpolation method, a progressive interpolation method and the like.
The effective reservoir in the step 6) refers to a reservoir which can obtain industrial oil flow under the existing process conditions. The lower physical property limits of the effective reservoir include three parameters of porosity, permeability and oil saturation. In actual production, a statistical comparison method is mainly adopted, and dry, oil and water layers which are tested and produced and verified in the block are subjected to statistical analysis, so that the physical property lower limit value of the effective reservoir is obtained comprehensively. The porosity is generally chosen to be greater than 15% and the permeability is generally chosen to be greater than 50X 10-3μm2And the reservoir with the oil saturation degree of more than 35 percent is used as the lower physical property limit of the effective reservoir. Specifically, the effective reservoir physical property lower limit reference value can also be determined according to the actual conditions of each oil field.
The determination of the oil content in the step 7) refers to that the traps with the oil content probability of more than 14% are respectively selected as effective oil-containing traps according to the trap oil-containing probability obtained after the reliability, the oil-gas filling degree, the storage probability and the later-period storage integrity of the traps are integrated, wherein the trap oil-containing probability is 0.7, 0.5 and 0.8.
And 7) determining the storage scale in the step 7) based on the subdivision layer system, taking the single layer as a basic geological unit, and calculating the resource amount of the layer trap by adopting a volume method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the problems that hidden trap identification is difficult, the development area and lithologic plugging boundary of a high-quality reservoir of a lithologic and fault-lithologic oil reservoir are not clearly defined, and the potential of increasing storage and the large-scale reserve are difficult to find in the exploration process of an old oil zone, firstly, based on fine stratum comparison, a fine deposition unit is divided, a small layer or a single sand body is taken as a reference unit, a layering system is used for describing the deposition microfacies and the sandstone spread characteristics of the reservoir, and the general positions of the development area and the lithologic boundary of the high-quality thin reservoir are determined; meanwhile, carrying out reservoir stratum fine interpretation, and determining the seismic response of the thin reservoir stratum by using the amplitude change rate through synthetic recording and desanding experimental analysis; selecting reference seismic reflection layers on the upper and lower parts of the thin reservoir seismic reflection, carrying out seismic event axis plane interpretation tracking, and making seismic attribute body slices by opening time window layers on the upper and lower parts of the reference seismic reflection layers; the single sand body boundary is carved by browsing stratum body slices, preferably seismic attribute body slices matched with the sedimentary features of the thin reservoir, so that geological interpretation of seismic attributes and fine depiction of reservoir spreading boundaries are realized; then carrying out effectiveness analysis on the thin reservoir layer system which is implemented, analyzing the physical property characteristics and the lithology characteristics of the reservoir layer by utilizing logging, rock debris and assay data, determining the physical property lower limit of the effective reservoir layer, screening and removing a dry-differential layer, and defining the space distribution area of the effective reservoir layer; and finally, researching the reservoir, structure and oil-water matching relation by taking the single layer as a basic geological unit, researching the oil content of the traps of the effective reservoir distribution area by combining with the production dynamics, obtaining the storage increase scale of the single layer, overlapping the effective layer traps together according to the mode of stacking the layer systems, comprehensively determining the storage increase scale of the target potential area, and achieving the purpose of integrally evaluating the block resource potential. The method has the characteristics of refinement, systematization, economy, effectiveness, practicability and the like, can be popularized and applied to oil-gas exploration and development under the same geological condition, and has good social and economic values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a fine comparison of the BD zone well-linking in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows a BD region H3Ⅱ102Sand removal experiment analysis;
FIG. 4 shows a BD region H3Ⅱ102Calibrating a small reservoir and selecting an upper reference layer and a lower reference layer;
FIG. 5 shows a BD region H3Ⅱ102A small layer of 28Hz frequency spectrum decomposition attribute stratum body slice;
FIG. 6 shows a BD region H3Ⅱ102A small layer deposition microphase diagram;
FIG. 7 shows a BD region H3Ⅱ102A small-layer sandstone layout drawing;
FIG. 8 shows a BD region H3Ⅱ102A small layer porosity plan view;
FIG. 9 shows BD region H3Ⅱ102A plot of the permeability of the stratum;
FIG. 10 shows BD region H3Ⅱ102Decomposing and reconstructing a small layer of sub-wave;
FIG. 11 shows a BD region H3Ⅱ102The small layer storage potential increasing area is distributed.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention in further detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a thin reservoir description and reservoir increment size determination method based on a subdivided layer system. The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out geological thin reservoir characterization and seismic reservoir prediction on a subdivision bed series in a fault-lithologic and lithologic trap development area, combining the two, and characterizing a single sand body boundary by browsing stratum body slices, preferably seismic attribute body slices matched with the thin reservoir deposition characteristics, so as to realize geological interpretation of seismic attributes and fine characterization of reservoir spread boundaries. And combing the distribution area of the high-quality thin reservoir layer by layer and the position of the lithologic plugging zone to realize the fine description of the thin reservoir layer spreading characteristics. And then carrying out effectiveness analysis on the thin reservoir layer system which is implemented, determining the physical property lower limit of the effective reservoir layer, screening and removing the stem-difference layer, and defining the spatial distribution area of the effective reservoir layer. Finally, oil content analysis of the trap is carried out in an effective reservoir distribution area to obtain the single-layer storage increase scale, and then the target potential area storage increase scale is comprehensively determined according to a layer system superposition mode, so that the purpose of overall evaluation of block resource potential is realized, and the drilling success rate is improved.
Taking the BD area as an example, the method specifically includes the following steps:
1) carrying out full-area fine stratum comparison on a BD area, selecting B370 and B280 wells with the most full stratum thickness as standard wells, dividing 8 oil groups with three sections in a target layer into 76 sand groups and further into 114 single layers, wherein the thickness of each single sand layer is 2m, 4m or 6 m;
2) selecting key oil production small layers and potential layers in the single layer, carrying out inter-well plane and section tracking, and defining the sedimentary microfacies and sandstone distribution characteristics of the single layer by layer, H3Ⅱ102The small layer is a main oil-containing small layer in a BD area, underwater diversion river channels are developed, deposition is carried out among the river channels, the maximum thickness of a single layer is 6.2 meters, and lithological change exists in B388 and B370 well zones, which are shown in a figure 2, a figure 6 and a figure 7;
3) for BD region H3Ⅱ102Carrying out fine reservoir calibration on a small layer, calibrating the small layer at the zero phase position of a trough and a wave crest turn on a seismic section, carrying out desanding experiment analysis on the small layer to find that the amplitude change rate of the desanded wave crest is larger than that of the trough, and considering that H is the amplitude change rate of the desanded wave crest3Ⅱ102The small layer mainly presents weak peak reflection characteristics on the seismic section, as shown in fig. 3;
4) for BD region H3Ⅱ102Tracking the plane of the small layer, selecting seismic reflection in-phase axes at the position 25ms above and below the small layer as an interpretation reference layer to carry out plane interpretation tracking, and manufacturing a seismic attribute body slice along the layer, as shown in fig. 4 and 5;
5) on the basis of reservoir deposition and sand body distribution description, preferably selecting seismic attribute body slices matched with thin reservoir deposition characteristics to depict single sand body boundaries, realizing geological interpretation of seismic attributes and fine depiction of reservoir distribution boundaries, and implementing plane distribution characteristics of reservoirs in a layering system, which is shown in fig. 6 and 7;
6) on the basis of defining a boundary distribution area of a thin reservoir development area and a lithologic plugging zone, carrying out effectiveness and oil content analysis on the thin reservoir, firstly tracking the planar distribution conditions of the porosity and the permeability of the reservoir, delineating the distribution area of the effective reservoir, then carrying out reservoir, structure and deposition matching relation research, finding fault-lithologic trapping, extracting frequency division wavelets (see fig. 8, 9 and 10) from a homophase axis calibrated on the thin reservoir, and carrying out oil content analysis on the trapping by combining an oil-gas migration mode to obtain the oil content probability of the trapping;
7) and carrying out single-layer storage scale analysis on the trap with predicted oil content, calculating the volume resource amount according to parameters such as the single-layer trap area, the oil layer thickness, the single-layer storage coefficient, the filling coefficient, the trap oil content probability and the like, and finally comprehensively determining the regional storage scale according to the mode of stacking the layer systems to realize the purpose of overall evaluation of the block resource potential, which is shown in figure 11.
Through early exploration, the BD area in the implementation has achieved better effect and realizes H3Ⅱ101、H3Ⅱ102、H3Ⅲ22、H3Ⅲ112Four storage potential increasing layers with the predicted new oil-containing area of 5km2Newly added predicted reserves 185 x 104t; at H3Ⅱ102The predicted newly-increased oil-containing area of the small layer is 2.24km2Newly added forecast reserves 92 x 104t; drilling meeting oil layer in B382-1 and B421 well, wherein the B421 well is fault-lithologic oil reservoir in H3Ⅱ102The small layer of the drill meets a 4.1m thick oil layer, the highest daily oil production of the test oil is 13.2t of pure oil layer, and the newly added exploratory petroleum geological reserve is estimated to be 41 multiplied by 104t; b382-1 well fault-lithologic oil reservoir, the maximum daily oil production is 5t, the production lasts for 510 days, the cumulative oil production is 1053.6 tons, and the newly added proven petroleum geological reserve is estimated to be 30 multiplied by 104t。

Claims (10)

1. A thin reservoir description and reservoir increasing scale determination method based on a subdivided series of layers is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) dividing the sedimentation units through fine stratum contrast;
2) performing layer-by-layer research on sedimentary microfacies and sandstone spread characteristics of a minimum sedimentary unit reservoir, and determining the positions of a high-quality thin reservoir development area and a lithologic boundary by a layering system;
3) carrying out fine synthetic recording and desanding experimental analysis, and determining the seismic response of the thin reservoir through the amplitude change rate;
4) selecting reference seismic reflection layers on the upper and lower parts of the thin reservoir seismic reflection, carrying out seismic event axis plane interpretation tracking, and then selecting time window layers on the upper and lower parts of the reference seismic reflection layers to manufacture seismic attribute body slices;
5) selecting seismic attribute body slices matched with the sedimentary characteristics of the thin reservoir, and completing geological interpretation of seismic attributes and delineation of reservoir distribution boundaries;
6) analyzing the physical property characteristics and lithologic characteristics of the reservoir, determining the physical property lower limit of the effective reservoir, screening and removing a stem difference layer, and delineating the spatial distribution region of the effective reservoir;
7) determining the oil content of the trap in the effective reservoir distribution area by taking the single layer as a basic geological unit and combining the reservoir, the structure, the oil-water matching relation and the production dynamic state to obtain the single-layer storage increase scale;
8) and according to a layer series superposition mode, superposing the effective layer traps together to obtain the storage scale of the target potential area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the fine stratum contrast adopts a point-line-surface layer advancing contrast principle.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step 1) of dividing the sedimentation units refers to dividing the sedimentation units into four units, namely a group, a sand group, a small layer and a single sand body from coarse to fine according to the division standard of a reference well.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the research on the distribution characteristics of the sedimentary microfacies and the sandstones in the step 2) comprises large-phase and small-phase researches, sediment source analysis and rock phase, logging phase, profile phase and plane phase researches which are carried out by taking a small layer and a single sand body as main units, and sand body plane and profile distribution characteristic researches.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: for clastic rock deposition, the high-quality thin storage layer in the step 2) refers to a river channel, a sand dam and mat-shaped sand with the thickness of a single sand body being more than or equal to 2 meters.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the amplitude change rate in the step 3) refers to the ratio of the amplitude value after desanding of the wave crests or wave troughs adjacent to the upper part and the lower part of the single sand body calibration position on the synthetic seismic record to the amplitude value of the wave crests or the wave troughs before desanding.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the reference seismic reflection layer in the step 4) refers to a seismic event with geological isochronal interface significance on a seismic section.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 5) preparing the seismic attribute body slice in the step 5) by any one of a parallel-to-top method, a parallel-to-bottom method, an equal proportion interpolation method and a progressive interpolation method.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the lower limit of the physical property of the effective reservoir in the step 6) is as follows: porosity greater than 15% and permeability greater than 50 × 10-3μm2The oil saturation is more than 35 percent.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 7) determining the oil content of the trap refers to comprehensively obtaining the oil content probability of the trap according to the reliability of the trap, the oil-gas filling degree, the storage probability and the later-period storage integrity.
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CN112034513B (en) * 2020-09-03 2023-03-14 中海石油(中国)有限公司 Quantitative evaluation method for peripheral potential resource quantity of developed oil field
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