CN109209710B - Plunger oil sprayer and internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Plunger oil sprayer and internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109209710B
CN109209710B CN201811351642.0A CN201811351642A CN109209710B CN 109209710 B CN109209710 B CN 109209710B CN 201811351642 A CN201811351642 A CN 201811351642A CN 109209710 B CN109209710 B CN 109209710B
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China
Prior art keywords
plunger
lubricating oil
wall
hole
injection
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CN201811351642.0A
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CN109209710A (en
Inventor
郭永青
向桂蓉
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Shanghai Huayi Automobile System Integration Co ltd
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Shanghai Huayi Automobile System Integration Co ltd
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Priority to CN201811351642.0A priority Critical patent/CN109209710B/en
Publication of CN109209710A publication Critical patent/CN109209710A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/076980 priority patent/WO2020098179A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/04Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a plunger oil sprayer and an internal combustion engine, and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines. The plunger oil sprayer comprises a body, a lower plunger, an upper plunger and a first resetting device, wherein the body is provided with a plunger hole, a fluid inlet to be sprayed, an injection port and a lubricating oil inlet, the lower plunger and the upper plunger are precisely matched in the plunger hole in a sliding mode, an injection chamber is formed between the lower end of the lower plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole, the fluid inlet to be sprayed and the injection port are communicated with the injection chamber, the lower end of the lower plunger is used for opening or closing the injection port, a lubricating oil cavity is formed between the lower end of the upper plunger, the upper end of the lower plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole, the lubricating oil inlet is communicated with the lubricating oil cavity through a one-way valve, and the first resetting device is used for providing descending force for the upper plunger. The invention can improve the injection pressure and avoid leakage at the same time, and can effectively lubricate the plunger.

Description

Plunger oil sprayer and internal combustion engine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a plunger oil sprayer and an internal combustion engine.
Background
In recent years, on the one hand, in order to cope with increasingly severe emission requirements, the injection pressure of a diesel engine is higher and higher, and the ultrahigh pressure injection brings about better fuel atomization effect and also brings about leakage and abrasion problems of an oil injector. On the other hand, alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl ether have been studied and used for internal combustion engines, and have a rapid trend to expand. However, these alternative fuels, as well as these low viscosity fluids including gasoline, have a low viscosity, high leakage, and poor self-lubricating properties when injected at high pressures using conventional injectors, which makes the injection pressure increase more and more difficult, and the plunger and plunger bore wear much more than when using diesel, which affects the reliability and durability of the injector.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plunger oil sprayer and an internal combustion engine, which can improve injection pressure and simultaneously reduce leakage problem.
In order to achieve the purpose, on one hand, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A plunger fuel injector comprising:
a body on which a plunger hole, a fluid inlet to be ejected, an ejection port, and a lubricating oil inlet are provided;
The lower plunger is precisely matched in the plunger hole in a sliding way, an injection chamber is formed between the lower end of the lower plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole, the fluid inlet to be injected and the injection port are communicated with the injection chamber, and the lower end of the lower plunger is used for opening or closing the injection port;
The upper plunger is precisely matched in the plunger hole in a sliding way, a lubricating oil cavity is formed among the lower end of the upper plunger, the upper end of the lower plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole, and the lubricating oil inlet is communicated with the lubricating oil cavity through a first one-way valve; and
And the first reset device is used for providing descending force for the upper plunger.
Further, the plunger oil injector further comprises a limiting device, wherein the limiting device is used for limiting the lowest point of the upper plunger in the descending direction.
Further, the limiting device comprises a limiting protrusion arranged on one of the inner wall of the plunger hole and the upper plunger, and a limiting surface arranged on the other one and used for being abutted with the limiting protrusion.
Further, the limiting protrusion is a limiting retainer ring arranged on the inner wall of the plunger hole, and the limiting surface is the lower end surface of the upper plunger or the limiting surface is a step surface arranged in the middle or lower part of the upper plunger.
Further, the first return means is a first elastic member located between the top end of the upper plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole.
Further, the plunger fuel injector further comprises a second elastic member for providing a downward force to the lower plunger.
Further, the pretightening force of the first elastic piece is larger than that of the second elastic piece.
Further, a grease return chamber is formed between the upper end of the upper plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole, and a lubricating oil outlet is formed in the grease return chamber.
Further, the fluid inlet to be injected communicates with the injection chamber through a solenoid valve or a second check valve.
On the other hand, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
An internal combustion engine comprising a plunger fuel injector as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The plunger oil sprayer and the internal combustion engine comprising the same are provided with the two plungers, the two plungers and the inner wall of the plunger hole are provided with the lubricating oil cavity communicated with the lubricating oil inlet through the first one-way valve, the pressure of lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity can be changed along with the change of the pressure of injection fluid, so that the pressure born by the two end faces of the lower plunger is approximately equal, and because the lower plunger is precisely matched with the plunger hole, only a very small annular gap exists between the lower plunger and the plunger hole, the pressure balance of the fuel in the injection chamber and the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity can be ensured theoretically, the leakage and the mixing phenomenon can not occur, and the leakage problem can be avoided while the injection pressure of the fuel is improved; meanwhile, in the up-and-down motion process of the plunger, residual lubricating oil on the inner wall of the lubricating oil cavity can ensure effective lubrication between the plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a plunger fuel injector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. A body; 2. a lower plunger; 3. an upper plunger, 4 and a first resetting device; 5. a fluid inlet to be ejected; 6. an ejection port; 7. a lubricant inlet; 8. an injection chamber, 9, a lubricating oil cavity; 10. a first one-way valve; 11. a second elastic member; 12. a limit bulge, 13 and a limit surface; 14. an oil return chamber; 15. and an oil return outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The present embodiment provides a plunger injector for injecting fuel such as fuel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, etc. into an internal combustion engine main body, and in this embodiment, a fluid to be injected is described as an example of fuel.
As shown in fig. 1, the plunger fuel injector provided in this embodiment includes a body 1, a lower plunger 2, an upper plunger 3, and a first return device 4, and the body 1 is provided with a plunger hole, a fluid inlet 5 to be injected, an injection port 6, and a lubricant inlet 7. The lower plunger 2 and the upper plunger 3 are precisely matched in the plunger hole in a sliding manner along the axial direction of the plunger hole, and the precise sliding fit means that the outer diameters of the lower plunger 2 and the upper plunger 3 are respectively equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the plunger hole, and the gap between the lower plunger 2 and the upper plunger 3 and the plunger hole is as small as possible on the premise that the lower plunger 2 and the upper plunger 3 can slide along the plunger hole. The axis of the lower plunger 2 and the axis of the upper plunger 3 are preferably, but not limited to, collinear. The lower plunger 2 is located below the upper plunger 3, an injection chamber 8 is formed between the lower end of the lower plunger 2 and the inner wall of the plunger hole, both the fluid inlet 5 to be injected and the injection port 6 are communicated with the injection chamber 8, and the lower end of the lower plunger 2 is used for opening or closing the injection port 6. For ease of control, the fluid inlet 5 to be injected is preferably in communication with the injection chamber 8 through a one-way valve or solenoid valve. It is also possible that no valve is provided at the fluid inlet 5 to be injected, but that the injection is controlled by the pressure of the fluid to be injected. The lower end of the lower plunger 2 is preferably, but not limited to, tapered, and the internal contour of the injection port 6 matches the external contour of the lower end of the lower plunger 2, and a needle valve is formed between the lower end of the lower plunger 2 and the injection port 6. A lubricating oil cavity 9 is formed among the lower end of the upper plunger 3, the upper end of the lower plunger 2 and the inner wall of the plunger hole, the lubricating oil inlet 7 is communicated with the lubricating oil cavity 9 through a first one-way valve 10, and lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity 9 is used for providing downward movement force for the lower plunger 2 when the plunger oil sprayer sprays. The gaps between the lower plunger 2 and the upper plunger 3 and the plunger holes are as small as possible, so that mutual leakage between lubricating oil and fuel oil can be avoided. The first resetting means 4 are arranged to provide a downward force to the upper plunger 3, i.e. downward movement along the plunger bore, i.e. the first resetting means 4 are arranged to provide a force to the upper plunger 3 in a direction towards the lower plunger 2.
The plunger oil sprayer provided by the embodiment is provided with two plungers, the two plungers and the inner wall of the plunger hole are provided with the lubricating oil cavity 9 communicated with the lubricating oil inlet through the first one-way valve 10, the pressure of lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity 9 can be changed along with the change of the pressure of fluid to be sprayed, so that the pressures born by the two end faces of the lower plunger 2 are approximately equal, and because the lower plunger 2 is precisely matched with the plunger hole, only a very small annular gap exists between the two plungers, the pressure balance of the fuel in the injection chamber 8 and the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity 9 can be ensured theoretically, the leakage and the mixing phenomenon can not occur, and the leakage problem can be avoided while the injection pressure of the fuel is improved; meanwhile, in the up-and-down motion process of the plunger, the residual lubricating oil on the inner wall of the lubricating oil cavity 9 can ensure effective lubrication between the plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole.
In this embodiment, the first resetting means 4 is preferably, but not limited to, a first elastic member. The first resilient member is preferably, but not limited to, a spring. When the first resilient member is a spring, its axis is preferably, but not limited to, collinear with the axis of the upper plunger 3. When the first elastic member is a spring, both ends of the first elastic member are respectively abutted against the upper end surface of the upper plunger 3 and the inner wall surface of the plunger hole. To facilitate efficient closing of the needle valve and sucking of the lubricating oil, the plunger injector further comprises a second elastic member 11, the second elastic member 11 being adapted to provide a downward force to the lower plunger 2, i.e. the second elastic member 11 being adapted to provide a force to the lower plunger 2 moving in a direction away from the upper plunger 3. The second elastic member 11 is preferably, but not limited to, a spring. The axis of the second elastic member 11 is preferably, but not limited to, collinear with the axis of the lower plunger 2. Both ends of the second elastic member 11 abut against the upper end surface of the lower plunger 2 and the inner wall of the plunger hole, respectively. The pre-tightening force of the first elastic member is greater than the pre-tightening force of the second elastic member 11. The pretightening force of the first elastic member and the second elastic member 11 refers to elastic forces respectively provided by the first elastic member and the second elastic member when the fuel injector is in an inactive state. The downward force of the lower plunger 2 is provided by the second elastic member 11 and the oil pressure in the oil chamber 9, the preload of the second elastic member 11 is usually small, and the oil pressure in the oil chamber 9 and the oil pressure in the injection chamber 8 can be kept substantially equal.
The plunger fuel injector further comprises a limiting device, wherein the limiting device is used for limiting the lowest descending point of the upper plunger 3. The structure of the limiting device is not limited, and in order to simplify the structure, the limiting device in this embodiment includes a limiting protrusion 12 disposed on one of the inner wall of the plunger hole and the upper plunger 3, and a limiting surface 13 disposed on the other for abutting against the limiting protrusion 12. In the specific embodiment, the limiting bulge 12 is a limiting retainer ring arranged on the inner wall of the plunger hole, and the lower end surface of the upper plunger 3 is a limiting surface 13; alternatively, the middle or lower portion of the upper plunger 3 may be formed with a stepped surface as the stopper surface 13. The limiting retainer ring can be detachably arranged in the groove on the inner wall of the plunger hole, and the limiting retainer ring and the inner wall of the plunger hole can be of an integrated structure. In other embodiments, the limit projection 12 may be provided on the upper end surface of the upper plunger 3, and the limit surface 13 may be a stepped surface provided on the inner wall of the plunger hole.
The limiting device makes the upper plunger 3 not continue to move downwards after moving downwards to the lowest point of the lower plunger, and the lower plunger 2 still continues to move downwards for a small distance until reaching the lowest point of the lower plunger, so that the volume of the lubricating oil cavity 9 is slightly increased, the pressure is reduced, and the first one-way valve 10 is opened to supplement the lubricating oil cavity 9 with the lubricating oil leaked in the oil pumping process. The limiting device can also effectively avoid the condition that the part of the upper plunger 3, which is used for being precisely matched with the plunger hole, is communicated with the lubricating oil inlet 7.
As shown in fig. 1, a grease return chamber 14 is formed between the upper end of the upper plunger 3 and the inner wall of the plunger hole, a grease outlet is provided on the grease return chamber 14, and a minute amount of grease oozing out from the minute annular gap of the upper plunger 3 and the plunger hole can flow back to the engine lubrication system from the grease outlet.
The specific embodiment also provides an internal combustion engine, which comprises the plunger oil sprayer.
The working principle of the plunger fuel injector provided in this embodiment will be briefly described with reference to fig. 1 as follows:
When the high-pressure fuel enters the injection chamber 8 from the fluid inlet 5 to be injected, an upward thrust is generated on the lower plunger 2, and when the pressure exceeds the starting pressure of the injector, the lower plunger 2 is lifted upwards against the pretightening force of the second elastic piece 11, at the moment, the needle valve is opened, and the fuel is sprayed from the injection port 6 for atomization, and the pretjection is started. Meanwhile, as the lower plunger 2 is lifted upwards, the pressure of the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity 9 is increased, the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity 9 pushes the upper plunger 3 to overcome the pretightening force of the first elastic piece to lift upwards, the needle valve opening stroke is further increased, the oil injection speed is accelerated, and the main injection stage is entered. Since the preload of the first elastic member is much greater than that of the second elastic member 11, the pressure of the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil chamber 9 is still substantially equal to the pressure of the fuel in the injection chamber 8. Under the condition that the pressure at the two ends of the lower plunger 2 is balanced, and because the lower plunger 2 is in precise fit with the plunger hole, only a very small annular gap exists between the lower plunger 2 and the plunger hole, the pressure balance of the fuel in the injection chamber 8 and the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity 9 can be theoretically ensured, the leakage and mixing phenomena of the lubricating oil and the fuel can not occur, and the leakage problem can be avoided while the injection pressure of the fuel is improved; meanwhile, in the up-and-down movement process of the lower plunger 2, the residual lubricating oil in the tiny annular gap between the lower plunger 2 and the inner wall of the plunger hole can ensure effective lubrication between the lower plunger 2 and the inner wall of the plunger hole.
At the end of injection, the fuel pressure of the injection chamber 8 is suddenly reduced, the first elastic member pushes the upper plunger 3 to move downwards, the lubricant pressure in the lubricant cavity 9 and the elastic force of the second elastic member 11 push the lower plunger 2 to move downwards together, before the lower plunger 2 reaches the lowest point to close the needle valve, the limit retainer abuts against the upper plunger 3 to prevent the needle valve from continuing to move downwards, at this time, because the lower plunger 2 continues to move downwards for a small stroke under the elastic force of the second elastic member 11 to close the needle valve, the volume of the lubricant cavity 9 is increased, the lubricant pressure is reduced, low-pressure lubricant generated by an engine lubrication system can push the first one-way valve 10 from the lubricant inlet 7 to enter the lubricant cavity 9, and a small amount of lubricant lost due to micro leakage during injection is supplemented. A small amount of lubricating oil oozing out from the small annular gap between the upper plunger 3 and the inner wall of the plunger hole can flow back to the engine lubrication system from the lubricating oil outlet.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with the specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of this specification without undue burden.

Claims (10)

1. A plunger fuel injector, comprising:
A body (1) on which a plunger hole, a fluid inlet (5) to be injected, an injection port (6) and a lubricating oil inlet (7) are provided;
A lower plunger (2) which is precisely and slidably matched in the plunger hole, an injection chamber (8) is formed between the lower end of the lower plunger (2) and the inner wall of the plunger hole, the fluid inlet (5) to be injected and the injection port (6) are communicated with the injection chamber (8), and the lower end of the lower plunger (2) is used for opening or closing the injection port (6);
The upper plunger (3) is precisely matched in the plunger hole in a sliding way, a lubricating oil cavity (9) is formed among the lower end of the upper plunger (3), the upper end of the lower plunger (2) and the inner wall of the plunger hole, and the lubricating oil inlet (7) is communicated with the lubricating oil cavity (9) through a first one-way valve (10); and
-First resetting means (4) for providing a downward force to said upper plunger (3);
the lower end of the lower plunger (2) is conical, the inner contour of the injection port (6) is matched with the outer contour of the lower end of the lower plunger (2), and a needle valve is formed between the lower end of the lower plunger (2) and the injection port (6).
2. The plunger fuel injector of claim 1, wherein the fuel injector is configured to,
The plunger oil sprayer further comprises a limiting device, wherein the limiting device is used for limiting the lowest descending point of the upper plunger (3).
3. A plunger injector as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the stop means comprises a stop projection (12) provided on one of the inner wall of the plunger bore and the upper plunger (3), a stop surface (13) provided on the other for abutment with the stop projection (12).
4. The plunger fuel injector of claim 3, wherein,
The limiting bulge (12) is a limiting retainer ring arranged on the inner wall of the plunger hole, the limiting surface (13) is the lower end surface of the upper plunger (3) or the limiting surface (13) is a step surface arranged in the middle or lower part of the upper plunger (3).
5. A plunger fuel injector according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first return means (4) is a first elastic member located between the top end of the upper plunger (3) and the inner wall of the plunger bore.
6. A plunger injector as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a second resilient member (11), the second resilient member (11) being arranged to provide a downward force to the lower plunger (2).
7. Plunger injector according to claim 6, characterized in that the pretension of the first elastic element is greater than the pretension of the second elastic element (11).
8. A plunger injector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a return chamber (14) is formed between the upper end of the upper plunger (3) and the inner wall of the plunger bore, the return chamber (14) being provided with a lubrication oil outlet.
9. A plunger injector according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the fluid inlet (5) to be injected communicates with the injection chamber (8) via a solenoid valve or a second non-return valve.
10. An internal combustion engine comprising a plunger fuel injector according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN201811351642.0A 2018-11-14 2018-11-14 Plunger oil sprayer and internal combustion engine Active CN109209710B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811351642.0A CN109209710B (en) 2018-11-14 2018-11-14 Plunger oil sprayer and internal combustion engine
PCT/CN2019/076980 WO2020098179A1 (en) 2018-11-14 2019-03-05 Plunger fuel injector and internal combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811351642.0A CN109209710B (en) 2018-11-14 2018-11-14 Plunger oil sprayer and internal combustion engine

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CN109209710A CN109209710A (en) 2019-01-15
CN109209710B true CN109209710B (en) 2024-05-28

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WO (1) WO2020098179A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109209710B (en) * 2018-11-14 2024-05-28 上海华羿汽车***集成有限公司 Plunger oil sprayer and internal combustion engine
CN109695566A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-04-30 郑国璋 A kind of sealing lubrication structure of plunger pump

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB696993A (en) * 1950-12-05 1953-09-09 Motorpal A fuel-injection pump for internal-combustion engines
CN2528948Y (en) * 2002-04-08 2003-01-01 江苏常发集团 Singel plunger-type injection pump and diesel engine installed with the injection pump
CN204677346U (en) * 2015-04-30 2015-09-30 哈尔滨工程大学 The electromechanical combined formula high pressure oil pump of normal close type
DE102016115281A1 (en) * 2015-09-18 2017-03-23 Denso Corporation pump
CN107956617A (en) * 2016-10-18 2018-04-24 上海夏雪科技有限公司 The fuel injection system of internal combustion engine
CN209067392U (en) * 2018-11-14 2019-07-05 上海华羿汽车***集成有限公司 A kind of plunger fuel injector and internal combustion engine

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WO2020098179A1 (en) 2020-05-22

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