CN109199551B - Individualized brain space stereo positioning technology - Google Patents
Individualized brain space stereo positioning technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109199551B CN109199551B CN201811232936.1A CN201811232936A CN109199551B CN 109199551 B CN109199551 B CN 109199551B CN 201811232936 A CN201811232936 A CN 201811232936A CN 109199551 B CN109199551 B CN 109199551B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
- A61B90/11—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis with guides for needles or instruments, e.g. arcuate slides or ball joints
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Abstract
The invention discloses an individualized brain space stereo positioning technology, which is characterized in that the concept of a face, an axis and an angle is introduced into the outer surface of a skull, the division and the naming are carried out again, an integrated three-dimensional space structure of '4 faces, 5 axes and 2 angles' formed by connecting an operation face, 3 auxiliary positioning faces, 5 axes and 2 angles is obtained, then image data of the surface of the skull is obtained from a skull CT, and a 3D printer is applied to print the three-dimensional space structure of '4 faces, 5 axes and 2 angles' of the skull into an integrated skull surface component; the skull surface component and the skull surface are jointed and completely reset, so that after the point on the operation surface and the point on the skull surface component are completely superposed, the minimally invasive diagnosis and interventional therapy of the brain diseases are assisted. The invention can realize the spatial positioning of the brain from extracranial to intracranial brain lesion tissues in multiple needle tracks, different angles and multiple points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of brain space positioning, in particular to an individualized brain space three-dimensional positioning technology.
Background
At present, the brain space stereotaxic apparatus applied clinically can only complete single-needle positioning from extracranial to intracranial at one time, and is usually used for diagnosing intracranial tumors. There is no instrument capable of simultaneously performing multi-needle-track, different-angle and multi-point auxiliary positioning on a certain intracranial space from the outside of the skull, and the instrument is used for clinically assisting the treatment of intracranial diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an individualized brain space stereotaxic technique, which is designed by utilizing the anatomical characteristics of the outer surface of the human head and the CT data of the head, and can realize the spatial stereotaxic positioning of multiple needle tracks, different angles and multiple points of the brain lesion tissues in a certain space in the skull from the outside of the skull, thereby assisting the minimally invasive diagnosis and interventional therapy of the brain diseases.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
individualized brain space stereotaxic technique, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively naming the frontal part, the left temporal part, the right temporal part, the occiput and the top part of the skull as the frontal surface, the left temporal surface, the right temporal surface, the occiput and the top surface of the skull, and mutually connecting 5 surfaces to form the outer surface of the skull; the transition from one face to the other face shows a relatively gentle direction turn, the turn region between the faces is called an axis, two adjacent faces are named, the turn region between the frontal face and the top face is named as a 'frontal top axis', and the other 7 axes are the same as the following: left frontal temporal axis, right frontal temporal axis, left occipital temporal axis, right occipital temporal axis, left parietal axis, right parietal axis, parietal axis;
the intersection area of the three axes is named as an angle, the head has 4 angles in total, and the intersection areas are respectively named as the front, the back, the left and the right of the head: a left front angle, a right front angle, a left rear angle, and a right rear angle;
according to the function of each face, the face for performing the operation is called an operation face, and the other 3 faces of the skull adjacent to the operation face are called auxiliary positioning faces, wherein the operation face is usually placed on the face, close to intracranial brain diseases, of the frontal face, the left temporal face, the right temporal face and the occipital face;
any one operation surface is only 3 adjacent surfaces on the skull, after the operation surface is determined, the auxiliary positioning surfaces are determined accordingly, the operation surface is respectively connected with 3 auxiliary positioning surfaces through 3 shafts, the 3 auxiliary positioning surfaces are connected together through 2 parallel shafts, in X, Y, Z three-dimensional space, the 2 shafts in parallel trend on the operation surface form a surface on X-dimensional space, the surface is intersected with the alpha shaft on the operation surface of Z-dimensional space at right angle, two ends are C, D points, the surface formed by the 2 shafts in parallel trend of the auxiliary surface is connected on Y-dimensional space, namely the top surface of the skull, the top surface is also intersected with the a shaft on the operation surface of Z-dimensional space at right angle, two ends are also on C, D points, the surface respectively passes through C, D points on the Z-dimensional space, and is simultaneously perpendicular to the operation surface and the top surface on the operation surface of X, Y-dimensional space, and the other two auxiliary positioning surfaces are provided, C. two points D are two angles on the surface of the skull, and the axis a and the other four axes connect four surfaces in a three-dimensional space together to form an integrated three-dimensional space structure of '4 surfaces, 5 axes and 2 angles';
s2, obtaining image data of the skull surface from the skull CT, applying a 3D printer,
printing a three-dimensional spatial structure of '4 planes, 5 axes and 2 angles' of a skull into an integrated skull surface component;
s3, the skull surface component and the skull surface are attached and completely reset, so that the point on the operation surface and the point on the skull surface component are completely overlapped;
s4, in the head CT data, designing a plurality of puncture needle tracks with different angles from the operation surface to the intracranial brain lesion part, finding the corresponding puncture points on the operation surface of the head component, designing a needle track guide frame at the puncture point, arranging a needle track guide hole at the central puncture point of the guide frame, and recording the length of each needle track from the head surface to the cranium, so that the brain puncture treatment needle can complete the treatment of the intracranial diseases under the guidance of the needle track guide frame on the head surface component.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the disposable brain space three-dimensional positioning component can be designed and manufactured according to different skull CT data of each person, can realize the space three-dimensional positioning of multiple needle channels, different angles and multiple points of the brain lesion tissues from extracranium to intracranial simultaneously, and realizes the auxiliary minimally invasive diagnosis and interventional therapy of brain diseases.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a stable space frame of 5 axes in three dimensions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The individualized brain space stereotaxic technique implemented by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively naming the frontal part, the left temporal part, the right temporal part, the occiput and the top part of the skull as the frontal surface, the left temporal surface, the right temporal surface, the occiput and the top surface of the skull, and mutually connecting 5 surfaces to form the outer surface of the skull; the transition from one face to the other face shows a relatively gentle direction turn, the turn region between the faces is called an axis, two adjacent faces are named, the turn region between the frontal face and the top face is named as a 'frontal top axis', and the other 7 axes are the same as the following: left frontal temporal axis, right frontal temporal axis, left occipital temporal axis, right occipital temporal axis, left parietal axis, right parietal axis, parietal axis;
the intersection area of the three axes is named as an angle, the head has 4 angles in total, and the intersection areas are respectively named as the front, the back, the left and the right of the head: a left front angle, a right front angle, a left rear angle, and a right rear angle; the face, the axis and the angle respectively represent an area, no clear boundary division exists between the areas, the difference of each skull is large, and the areas are not obvious;
according to the function of each face, the face for performing the operation is called an operation face, and the other 3 faces of the skull adjacent to the operation face are called auxiliary positioning faces, wherein the operation face is usually placed on the face close to intracranial brain lesion in the frontal face, the left temporal face, the right temporal face and the occipital face;
any one operation surface is only 3 adjacent surfaces on the skull, after the operation surface is determined, the auxiliary positioning surfaces are determined accordingly, the operation surface is respectively connected with 3 auxiliary positioning surfaces through 3 shafts, the 3 auxiliary positioning surfaces are connected together through 2 parallel shafts, in X, Y, Z three-dimensional space, the 2 shafts in parallel trend on the operation surface form a surface on X-dimensional space, the surface is intersected with the alpha shaft on the operation surface of Z-dimensional space at right angle, two ends are C, D points, the surface formed by the 2 shafts in parallel trend of the auxiliary surface is connected on Y-dimensional space, namely the top surface of the skull, the top surface is also intersected with the a shaft on the operation surface of Z-dimensional space at right angle, two ends are also on C, D points, the surface respectively passes through C, D points on the Z-dimensional space, and is simultaneously perpendicular to the operation surface and the top surface on the operation surface of X, Y-dimensional space, and the other two auxiliary positioning surfaces are provided, C. two points D are two angles on the surface of the skull, and the axis a and the other four axes connect four surfaces in a three-dimensional space together to form an integrated three-dimensional space structure of '4 surfaces, 5 axes and 2 angles'; the 4 surfaces are an operation surface, the top surface of an auxiliary positioning surface and a left auxiliary positioning surface and a right auxiliary positioning surface, and 5 shafts in a three-dimensional space form a stable space frame (figure 1);
s2, obtaining image data of the surface of the skull from the skull CT, and printing a three-dimensional space three-dimensional structure of '4 surfaces, 5 axes and 2 angles' of the skull into an integrated skull surface member by applying a 3D printer;
s3, the skull surface component is completely reset in a fit mode with the skull surface, 5 shafts and 2 angles of the skull surface enable the component to be more easily reset in a fit mode with the skull surface, resetting accuracy is improved, and errors of resetting of the component on the skull surface are reduced to the minimum. The left and right auxiliary surfaces corresponding to the component limit the movement of the component in the left and right directions, the operation surface of the component is tightly attached to the surface of the skull, so that the component cannot move towards the skull, the top surface of the skull prevents the component from moving towards the foot side, and the component can only move upwards or leave the skull in the range of 90 degrees forwards in six directions, namely the front direction, the left direction, the right direction, the up direction and the down direction, when a person lies on the back, the component can be tightly attached to the surface of the skull due to the action of gravity or the artificial addition of an acting force, and the component can be prevented from moving in any direction in the three-dimensional space. The skull surface component with a spatial three-dimensional structure can ensure that the surgical surface on the component obtains excellent spatial reduction, stability and mobility resistance. The method comprises the steps of randomly selecting one point or a plurality of points on the operation surface, finding corresponding points on the operation surface of the skull surface component by the points, and completely coinciding the points on the operation surface with the points on the skull surface component after the skull surface component is completely reset.
S4, in the head CT data, designing a plurality of puncture needle tracks with different angles from the operation surface to the intracranial brain lesion part, finding the corresponding puncture points on the operation surface of the head component, designing a needle track guide frame at the puncture point, arranging a needle track guide hole at the central puncture point of the guide frame, and recording the length of each needle track from the head surface to the cranium, so that the brain puncture treatment needle can complete the treatment of the intracranial diseases under the guidance of the needle track guide frame on the head surface component.
Examples
The frontal plane is taken as an operation plane for example description, 3 auxiliary positioning planes connected with the frontal plane are a left temporal plane, a top plane and a right temporal plane, the left frontal temporal axis and the right frontal temporal axis are consistent with the trend of the human head and feet, the left temporal apical axis and the right temporal apical axis are the same with the human body in the front-back direction, the 2 upper, lower and 2 front-back trend axes are respectively intersected on the left-right trend frontal apical axis in pairs to form a left anterior angle and a right anterior angle of the skull, 4 planes and 2 angles connected by 5 axes in a three-dimensional space form a complete structure, and a three-dimensional structure with complete structure and stable space is formed.
S1, obtaining image data of the surface of the skull from the skull CT, and printing a three-dimensional space three-dimensional structure of '4 surfaces, 5 axes and 2 angles' of the skull into an integrated skull surface member by applying a 3D printer;
s2, the skull surface component and the skull surface are attached and completely reset, so that the point on the operation surface and the point on the skull surface component are completely overlapped;
s3, in the skull CT data, designing a plurality of puncture needle tracks from the operation surface to the intracranial brain lesion position with different angles, finding the corresponding puncture point on the operation surface of the skull component, designing a needle track guide frame at the puncture point, arranging a needle track guide hole at the central puncture point of the guide frame, and recording the length of each needle track from the skull surface to the cranium, so that the brain puncture treatment needle can complete the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial diseases under the guidance of the needle track guide frame of the skull surface component.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (1)
1. Individualized brain space stereotaxic device, its characterized in that: is constructed by the following steps:
s1, respectively naming the frontal part, the left temporal part, the right temporal part, the occiput and the top part of the skull as the frontal surface, the left temporal surface, the right temporal surface, the occiput and the top surface of the skull, and mutually connecting 5 surfaces to form the outer surface of the skull;
the turning region between the two faces is named as an axis, the two adjacent faces are named, the turning region between the frontal face and the top face is named as a frontal apical axis, and the other 7 axes are the same in the same way: left frontal temporal axis, right frontal temporal axis, left occipital temporal axis, right occipital temporal axis, left parietal axis, right parietal axis, parietal axis;
the intersection area of the three axes is named as an angle, the head has 4 angles in total, and the intersection areas are respectively named as the front, the back, the left and the right of the head: a left front angle, a right front angle, a left rear angle, and a right rear angle;
according to the function of each face, the face for performing the operation is called an operation face, and the other 3 faces of the skull adjacent to the operation face are called auxiliary positioning faces;
any one operation surface is only 3 adjacent surfaces on the skull, after the operation surface is determined, the auxiliary positioning surfaces are determined accordingly, the operation surface is respectively connected with 3 auxiliary positioning surfaces through 3 shafts, the 3 auxiliary positioning surfaces are connected together through 2 parallel shafts, in X, Y, Z three-dimensional space, the 2 shafts in parallel trend on the operation surface form a surface on X-dimensional space, the surface is intersected with the alpha shaft on the operation surface of Z-dimensional space at right angle, two ends are C, D points, the surface formed by the 2 shafts in parallel trend of the auxiliary surface is connected on Y-dimensional space, namely the top surface of the skull, the top surface is also intersected with the a shaft on the operation surface of Z-dimensional space at right angle, two ends are also on C, D points, the surface respectively passes through C, D points on the Z-dimensional space, and is simultaneously perpendicular to the operation surface and the top surface on the operation surface of X, Y-dimensional space, and the other two auxiliary positioning surfaces are provided, C. two points D are two angles on the surface of the skull, and the axis a and the other four axes connect four surfaces in a three-dimensional space together to form an integrated three-dimensional space structure of '4 surfaces, 5 axes and 2 angles';
s2, obtaining image data of the surface of the skull from the skull CT, and printing a three-dimensional space three-dimensional structure of '4 surfaces, 5 axes and 2 angles' of the skull into an integrated skull surface member by applying a 3D printer;
s4, in the skull CT data, designing a plurality of puncture needle tracks from the operation surface to the intracranial brain lesion part with different angles, finding corresponding puncture points on the operation surface of the skull component, designing a needle track guide frame at the positions of the puncture points, arranging needle track guide holes at the positions of the central puncture points of the guide frame, and recording the length of each needle track from the skull surface to the cranium.
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