CN109194449B - Virtual channel pre-coding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system and method - Google Patents

Virtual channel pre-coding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system and method Download PDF

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CN109194449B
CN109194449B CN201811186805.4A CN201811186805A CN109194449B CN 109194449 B CN109194449 B CN 109194449B CN 201811186805 A CN201811186805 A CN 201811186805A CN 109194449 B CN109194449 B CN 109194449B
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夏文龙
周渊平
孟庆党
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Sichuan University
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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Abstract

The present invention relates to communication technology. The invention solves the defect that all users need to be subjected to strong and weak pairing when the existing power domain non-orthogonal multiple access technology adopts the SIC technology, provides a non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system and a method for virtual channel precoding, and the technical scheme can be summarized as follows: the base station comprises a superposition emission module, N signal input ends and N virtual channel modules, signals input by the N signal input ends correspond to the N user ends one by one and are signals to be analyzed by the N user ends respectively, the N virtual channel modules form a combined optimization module, the input ends of the N virtual channel modules are connected with the N signal input ends one by one respectively, and the output ends of the N virtual channel modules are connected with the superposition emission module respectively. The invention has the advantages that the channel of each user does not need to keep larger difference, the degree of freedom of adjustment is improved, and the invention is suitable for a non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system.

Description

Virtual channel pre-coding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system and method
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a communication technology, and more particularly, to a technology of a wireless communication system.
Background
The core idea of the existing power domain non-orthogonal multiple access technology is as follows: for user A (with channel gain H) close to the base stationA) Allocating lower power gain PAFor user B (with channel gain of H) near the edge of the base station signal rangeB) Distributing higher power gain PBI.e. PB>PA(ii) a Let S be the data transmitted by the base station to user AAData transmitted to user B is SBUser a is receiving non-orthogonally multiplexed data transmitted by a base station (i.e., due to path loss problems)
Figure BDA0001826443620000011
) If the received data is YAThen, because the signal strength of the user B is relatively large, the data of the user B is demodulated first, the data of the user a is treated as noise, and after the data of the user B is demodulated, the received data Y is usedAData of user B is subtracted, i.e.
Figure BDA0001826443620000012
Then from YA' demodulate the data of user A, this method is called Serial Interference Cancellation (SIC); when data of user B is demodulated, the signal of the data of user a at user B is very weak due to path loss, so that the data of user B can be directly demodulated and the data of user a can be regarded as noise. This is the implementation of conventional power domain non-orthogonal multiple access techniques.
The existing power domain non-orthogonal multiple access technology has the disadvantage that channel gains of users participating in multiple access transmission are required to have obvious difference, so when a base station transmits data to a plurality of users in a signal range of the base station simultaneously, the channel gain of each user needs to be determined, and then strong gain users and weak gain users are combined according to the gains to realize the non-orthogonal multiple access. In practical situations, users may be uniformly distributed in the range of the base station signal, and since the coverage area of the range of the base station signal may be considered as a circle, the number of users at the edge of the circle is inevitably greater than the number of users near the center of the circle, in this case, the number of users with strong channel gain and the number of users with weak channel gain are not equal, so that the strong and weak pairing of all users cannot be realized; in addition, in wireless communication, users are usually in continuous movement, and channel gains of users are also in continuous change, so that strong gain users may become weak gain users, and weak gain users may also become strong gain users, so that channel gains of paired users may be equivalent, and users cannot correctly demodulate own signals from mixed signals, and therefore, a system needs to search channel states again to perform user re-pairing; the traditional power domain non-orthogonal multiple access technology adopts the SIC technology, so that the delay of data decoding cannot be avoided; in addition, the conventional power domain non-orthogonal multiple access technology needs to know the channel information accurately, and cannot be realized under the occasions that the channel changes rapidly or the feedback channel is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that all users need to be subjected to strong and weak pairing when the SIC technology is adopted in the conventional power domain non-orthogonal multiple access technology, and provides a non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system and a non-orthogonal multiple access transmission method for virtual channel precoding.
The invention solves the technical problem, adopts the technical proposal that the virtual channel precoding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system comprises a base station and N user terminals, wherein the base station comprises a superposition transmitting module and N signal input terminals, signals input by the N signal input terminals correspond to the N user terminals one by one and are respectively signals to be analyzed by the N user terminals, N is a positive integer which is more than or equal to 2, the base station is characterized by also comprising N virtual channel modules, the N virtual channel modules form a combined optimization module, the input terminals of the N virtual channel modules are respectively connected with the N signal input terminals one by one, the output terminals of the N virtual channel modules are respectively connected with the superposition transmitting module,
let the signal input at the kth signal input terminal be skWherein k is 1,2, …, N;
let the virtual channel in the kth virtual channel module be recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000021
The superposition transmitting module is used for superposing the signals input by the N virtual channel modules and then transmitting the superposed signals to enable each user side to receive, and then the transmitted signals are recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000022
The signal received by the kth user terminal is
Figure BDA0001826443620000023
Wherein h iskFor the transmission channel gain, n, corresponding to the kth uekIs random noise;
the joint optimization module adjusts w through the set optimization criterionkTherefore, each receiving end can correctly separate each mixed signal.
Specifically, the optimization criterion may be implemented by using a plurality of optimization criteria, such as a maximum euclidean distance optimization method, a maximum signal-to-noise ratio optimization method, a minimum bit error rate optimization method, an exhaustive search method, a particle swarm optimization method, or a genetic optimization method.
Further, in order to provide a maximum minimum euclidean distance optimization criterion, the ue detects the signal through the maximum likelihood detection module, and the maximum likelihood detection module transmits the signal s from the uekThe Euclidean distance between the two is determined,
let S denote the set of possible superposition vectors xi of signals transmitted by all clients, and let C denote the signal S transmitted to the kth clientkThen the minimum distance between all signals received by the kth user is represented as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000024
wherein,
Figure BDA0001826443620000025
sl(p)∈C，sl(q) is C; p and q respectively represent any two unequal points of the superposition vector xi;
since there are N total ues, each ue has a minimum distance, which is defined as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000026
wherein θ ═ θ1,θ2,...,θN]，θkIndicating the corresponding virtual channel of the k-th user terminal
Figure BDA0001826443620000027
Optimizing the phase of the weight;
then, the optimization criterion is to maximize the minimum distance of the received information to obtain the optimal weight, and then the following formula is given:
Figure BDA0001826443620000031
Wopt(theta) is the phase of the virtual channel optimization weight corresponding to the optimization criterion, and is wkThe result after convergence.
Still further, to eliminate the need for the system to accurately know the channel information, the base station may normalize the channel vector
Figure BDA0001826443620000032
Transmitting signal corresponding to kth user terminal
Figure BDA0001826443620000033
Wherein alpha iskRepresents the k-th channel vector hkPhase value of (B)kRepresents the k-th channel vector hkAmplitude value of (C)kAnd gammakRespectively representing the transmission signals s corresponding to the k-th user terminalkAmplitude values and phase values.
A virtual channel precoding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission method is applied to the virtual channel precoding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the superposition transmitting module is used for superposing the signals input by the N virtual channel modules and then transmitting the superposed signals to each user side for receiving; let the signal input at the kth signal input terminal be skWherein k is 1,2, …, N; let the virtual channel in the kth virtual channel module be recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000034
The signals transmitted by the superposition transmission module are recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000035
The signal received by the kth ue is
Figure BDA0001826443620000036
Wherein h iskFor the transmission channel gain, n, corresponding to the kth uekIs random noise;
the joint optimization module adjusts w through the set optimization criterionkSo that each receiving end can correctly separate each channel mixtureAnd (6) combining the signals.
Specifically, the optimization criterion may be implemented by using a plurality of optimization criteria, such as a maximum euclidean distance optimization method, a maximum signal-to-noise ratio optimization method, a minimum bit error rate optimization method, an exhaustive search method, a particle swarm optimization method, or a genetic optimization method.
Further, in order to provide a maximum minimum Euclidean distance optimization criterion, the user terminal detects signals through a maximum likelihood detection module, the performance of the maximum likelihood detection module is determined by the Euclidean distance between signals transmitted by the user terminal,
let S denote the set of possible superposition vectors xi of signals transmitted by all clients, and let C denote the signal S transmitted to the kth clientkThen the minimum distance between all signals received by the kth user is represented as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000037
wherein,
Figure BDA0001826443620000038
sl(p)∈C，sl(q) is C; p and q respectively represent any two unequal points of the superposition vector xi;
since there are N total ues, each ue has a minimum distance, which is defined as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000039
wherein θ ═ θ1,θ2,...,θN]，θkIndicating the corresponding virtual channel of the k-th user terminal
Figure BDA00018264436200000310
Optimizing the phase of the weight;
then, the optimization criterion is to maximize the minimum distance of the received information to obtain the optimal weight, and then the following formula is given:
Figure BDA0001826443620000041
Wopt(theta) is the phase of the virtual channel optimization weight corresponding to the optimization criterion, and is wkThe result after convergence.
Still further, to eliminate the need for the system to accurately know the channel information, the base station may normalize the channel vector
Figure BDA0001826443620000042
Transmitting signal corresponding to kth user terminal
Figure BDA0001826443620000043
Wherein alpha iskRepresents the k-th channel vector hkPhase value of (B)kRepresents the k-th channel vector hkAmplitude value of (C)kAnd gammakRespectively representing the transmission signals s corresponding to the k-th user terminalkAmplitude values and phase values.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that, in the scheme of the invention, the non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system and method adopting the virtual channel precoding can adjust the amplitude and phase of the transmitted multipath signals at the same time, does not need the channel of each user to keep larger difference, improves the degree of freedom of adjustment, and can overcome the requirement of user pairing in the non-orthogonal multiple access in the traditional power domain, so that a plurality of users under any channel condition can be combined together.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of a virtual channel precoded non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a star diagram of signals transmitted by two optimized ues according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a star diagram of signals transmitted by two optimized clients according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the particle swarm optimization method adopted in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a virtual channel pre-coding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system, the system block diagram of which is shown in figure 1, comprising a base station and N user terminals, wherein the base station comprises a superposition transmitting module and N signal input terminals, signals input by the N signal input terminals correspond to the N user terminals one by one and are respectively signals to be analyzed by the N user terminals, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the base station also comprises N virtual channel modules, the N virtual channel modules form a combined optimization module, the input terminals of the N virtual channel modules are respectively connected with the N signal input terminals one by one, the output terminals of the N virtual channel modules are respectively connected with the superposition transmitting module,
let the signal input at the kth signal input terminal be skWherein k is 1,2, …, N;
let the virtual channel in the kth virtual channel module be recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000044
The superposition transmitting module is used for superposing the signals input by the N virtual channel modules and transmitting the superposed signals to each user side for receiving, and then the transmitted signals are recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000045
The signal received by the kth ue is
Figure BDA0001826443620000046
Wherein h iskFor the transmission channel gain, n, corresponding to the kth uekIs random noise;
the joint optimization module adjusts w through the set optimization criterionkTherefore, each receiving end can correctly separate each mixed signal.
The optimization criterion can be realized by adopting various optimization criteria, such as a maximum Euclidean distance optimization method, a maximum signal-to-noise ratio optimization method, a minimum bit error rate optimization method, an exhaustive search method, a particle swarm optimization method or a genetic optimization method.
In order to provide a maximum minimum Euclidean distance optimization criterion, the user terminal can detect signals through the maximum likelihood detection module, the performance of the maximum likelihood detection module is determined by the Euclidean distance between signals transmitted by the user terminal,
let S denote the set of possible superposition vectors xi of signals transmitted by all clients, and let C denote the signal S transmitted to the kth clientkThen the minimum distance between all signals received by the kth user is represented as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000051
wherein,
Figure BDA0001826443620000052
sl(p)∈C，sl(q) is C; p and q respectively represent any two unequal points of the superposition vector xi;
since there are N total ues, each ue has a minimum distance, which is defined as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000053
wherein θ ═ θ1,θ2,...,θN]，θkIndicating the corresponding virtual channel of the k-th user terminal
Figure BDA0001826443620000054
Optimizing the phase of the weight;
then, the optimization criterion is to maximize the minimum distance of the received information to obtain the optimal weight, and then the following formula is given:
Figure BDA0001826443620000055
Wopt(theta) is the optimization criterion correspondenceThe phase of the virtual channel optimization weight is wkThe result after convergence.
In the invention, in order to ensure that the system does not need to accurately know the channel information any more, the base station can be enabled to normalize the channel vector
Figure BDA0001826443620000056
Transmitting signal corresponding to kth user terminal
Figure BDA0001826443620000057
Wherein alpha iskRepresents the k-th channel vector hkPhase value of (B)kRepresents the k-th channel vector hkAmplitude value of (C)kAnd gammakRespectively representing the transmission signals s corresponding to the k-th user terminalkAmplitude values and phase values.
Then the two non-orthogonal multiple access superimposed signals for the kth ue are represented as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000058
Figure BDA0001826443620000059
then it can be proved that VpAnd VqHas a Euclidean distance of wkAnd skA function of h, andkindependently, it is noted as:
Figure BDA00018264436200000510
therefore, the method does not need to feed back the channel information h when the virtual channel optimization is carried outk。
The invention relates to a virtual channel precoding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission method, which is applied to the virtual channel precoding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system and specifically comprises the following steps:
the superposition transmitting module is used for transmitting the signals input by the N virtual channel modulesAfter superposition, transmitting the data to each user end for receiving; let the signal input at the kth signal input terminal be skWherein k is 1,2, …, N; let the virtual channel in the kth virtual channel module be recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000061
The signals transmitted by the superposition transmission module are recorded as
Figure BDA0001826443620000062
The signal received by the kth ue is
Figure BDA0001826443620000063
Wherein h iskFor the transmission channel gain, n, corresponding to the kth uekIs random noise;
the joint optimization module adjusts w through the set optimization criterionkTherefore, each receiving end can correctly separate each mixed signal.
Similarly, the optimization criterion in the present invention can be implemented by using various optimization criteria, such as a maximum euclidean distance optimization method, a maximum signal-to-noise optimization method, a minimum bit error rate optimization method, an exhaustive search method, a particle swarm optimization method, or a genetic optimization method.
In order to provide a maximum minimum Euclidean distance optimization criterion, the user terminal can detect signals through the maximum likelihood detection module, the performance of the maximum likelihood detection module is determined by the Euclidean distance between signals transmitted by the user terminal,
let S denote the set of possible superposition vectors xi of signals transmitted by all clients, and let C denote the signal S transmitted to the kth clientkThen the minimum distance between all signals received by the kth user is represented as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000064
wherein,
Figure BDA0001826443620000065
sl(p)∈C，sl(q) is C; p and q respectively represent any two unequal points of the superposition vector xi;
since there are N total ues, each ue has a minimum distance, which is defined as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000066
wherein θ ═ θ1,θ2,...,θN]，θkIndicating the corresponding virtual channel of the k-th user terminal
Figure BDA0001826443620000067
Optimizing the phase of the weight;
then, the optimization criterion is to maximize the minimum distance of the received information to obtain the optimal weight, and then the following formula is given:
Figure BDA0001826443620000068
Wopt(theta) is the phase of the virtual channel optimization weight corresponding to the optimization criterion, and is wkThe result after convergence.
As with the system, the base station can normalize the channel vector in order to eliminate the need for the system to accurately know the channel information
Figure BDA0001826443620000069
Transmitting signal corresponding to kth user terminal
Figure BDA00018264436200000610
Wherein alpha iskRepresents the k-th channel vector hkPhase value of (B)kRepresents the k-th channel vector hkAmplitude value of (C)kAnd gammakRespectively representing the transmission signals s corresponding to the k-th user terminalkAmplitude values and phase values.
Then the two non-orthogonal multiple access superimposed signals for the kth ue are represented as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000071
Figure BDA0001826443620000072
then it can be proved that VpAnd VqHas a Euclidean distance of wkAnd skA function of h, andkindependently, it is noted as:
Figure BDA0001826443620000073
therefore, the method does not need to feed back the channel information h when the virtual channel optimization is carried outk。
Examples
The embodiment of the invention takes the case that a base station simultaneously transmits two paths of QPSK data to two different user sides as an example, the optimization criterion adopts the maximized minimum Euclidean distance to obtain two paths of optimized virtual channels
Figure BDA0001826443620000074
And
Figure BDA0001826443620000075
the star diagrams of the signals transmitted by the two un-optimized clients can be seen in FIG. 2, which is
Figure BDA0001826443620000076
The transmission gains of the two channels are h10.9756-0.2197i and h2Under the scene of power balance, namely under the condition that the total power of two paths of users is equal, the two normalized virtual channels obtained by adopting the system and the method are theta111.23 ° and θ2For the optimized two-user-side transmission signal star map, data points can be successfully separated, and the obtained data points are 41.24 °, as shown in fig. 3The maximum of the least squares Euclidean distance is 0.5359, and the particle swarm optimization method is adopted, see FIG. 4, and the final convergence is also in theta1＝11.23°、θ241.24 DEG and
Figure BDA0001826443620000077
to (3).

Claims (8)

1. A virtual channel pre-coding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system comprises a base station and N user terminals, wherein the base station comprises a superposition transmission module and N signal input ends, signals input by the N signal input ends correspond to the N user terminals one by one and are respectively signals to be analyzed by the N user terminals, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the base station further comprises N virtual channel modules, the N virtual channel modules form a joint optimization module, the input ends of the N virtual channel modules are respectively connected with the N signal input ends in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the output ends of the N virtual channel modules are respectively connected with the superposition transmission module,
let the signal input at the kth signal input terminal be skWherein k is 1,2, …, N;
let the virtual channel in the kth virtual channel module be recorded as
Figure FDA0001826443610000011
The superposition transmitting module is used for superposing the signals input by the N virtual channel modules and then transmitting the superposed signals to enable each user side to receive, and then the transmitted signals are recorded as
Figure FDA0001826443610000012
The signal received by the kth user terminal is
Figure FDA0001826443610000013
Wherein h iskFor the transmission channel gain, n, corresponding to the kth uekIs random noise;
the joint optimization module optimizes through settingCriterion to adjust wkTherefore, each receiving end can correctly separate each mixed signal.
2. The virtual channel precoded non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optimization criteria employs a maximized minimum euclidean distance optimization or a maximized signal-to-noise ratio optimization or a minimized bit error rate optimization or an exhaustive search method or a particle swarm optimization or a genetic optimization.
3. The virtual channel precoded non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said optimization criteria is the optimization criteria of maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance, then the user terminal detects the signals through the maximum likelihood detection module, the performance of the maximum likelihood detection module is determined by the Euclidean distance between the signals transmitted by the user terminal,
let S denote the set of possible superposition vectors xi of signals transmitted by all clients, and let C denote the signal S transmitted to the kth clientkThen the minimum distance between all signals received by the kth user is represented as:
Figure FDA0001826443610000014
wherein,
Figure FDA0001826443610000015
sl(p)∈C，sl(q) is C; p and q respectively represent any two unequal points of the superposition vector xi;
since there are N total ues, each ue has a minimum distance, which is defined as:
Figure FDA0001826443610000016
wherein θ ═ θ1,θ2,...,θN]，θkTo representVirtual channel corresponding to kth user terminal
Figure FDA0001826443610000017
Optimizing the phase of the weight;
then, the optimization criterion is to maximize the minimum distance of the received information to obtain the optimal weight, and then the following formula is given:
Figure FDA0001826443610000021
Wopt(theta) is the phase of the virtual channel optimization weight corresponding to the optimization criterion, and is wkThe result after convergence.
4. The virtual channel precoded non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system as claimed in claim 3 wherein a base station is enabled to normalize channel vectors
Figure FDA0001826443610000022
Transmitting signal corresponding to kth user terminal
Figure FDA0001826443610000023
Wherein alpha iskRepresents the k-th channel vector hkPhase value of (B)kRepresents the k-th channel vector hkAmplitude value of (C)kAnd gammakRespectively representing the transmission signals s corresponding to the k-th user terminalkAmplitude values and phase values.
5. The virtual channel precoding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission method is applied to the virtual channel precoding non-orthogonal multiple access transmission system of any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the superposition transmitting module is used for superposing the signals input by the N virtual channel modules and then transmitting the superposed signals to each user side for receiving; let the signal input at the kth signal input terminal be skWherein k is 1,2, …, N; setting the virtual channel in the kth virtual channel moduleMark as
Figure FDA0001826443610000024
The signals transmitted by the superposition transmission module are recorded as
Figure FDA0001826443610000025
The signal received by the kth ue is
Figure FDA0001826443610000026
Wherein h iskFor the transmission channel gain, n, corresponding to the kth uekIs random noise;
the joint optimization module adjusts w through the set optimization criterionkTherefore, each receiving end can correctly separate each mixed signal.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the optimization criterion is a maximum minimum Euclidean distance optimization method, a maximum signal-to-noise ratio optimization method, a minimum bit error rate optimization method, an exhaustive search method, a particle swarm optimization method, or a genetic optimization method.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the optimization criterion is a maximum minimum Euclidean distance optimization criterion, the UE detects signals through a maximum likelihood detection module, the performance of the maximum likelihood detection module is determined by the Euclidean distance between signals transmitted by the UE,
let S denote the set of possible superposition vectors xi of signals transmitted by all clients, and let C denote the signal S transmitted to the kth clientkThen the minimum distance between all signals received by the kth user is represented as:
Figure FDA0001826443610000027
wherein,
Figure FDA0001826443610000028
sl(p)∈C，sl(q) is C; p and q respectively represent any two unequal points of the superposition vector xi;
since there are N total ues, each ue has a minimum distance, which is defined as:
Figure FDA0001826443610000029
wherein θ ═ θ1,θ2,...,θN]，θkIndicating the corresponding virtual channel of the k-th user terminal
Figure FDA00018264436100000210
Optimizing the phase of the weight;
then, the optimization criterion is to maximize the minimum distance of the received information to obtain the optimal weight, and then the following formula is given:
Figure FDA0001826443610000031
Wopt(theta) is the phase of the virtual channel optimization weight corresponding to the optimization criterion, and is wkThe result after convergence.
8. The method of virtual channel pre-coding for non-orthogonal multiple access transmission as claimed in claim 7, wherein the base station is enabled to normalize the channel vector
Figure FDA0001826443610000032
Transmitting signal corresponding to kth user terminal
Figure FDA0001826443610000033
Wherein alpha iskRepresents the k-th channel vector hkPhase ofValue, BkRepresents the k-th channel vector hkAmplitude value of (C)kAnd gammakRespectively representing the transmission signals s corresponding to the k-th user terminalkAmplitude values and phase values.
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