CN109191557B - Image texture mapping method and device for stereoscopic topographic map - Google Patents
Image texture mapping method and device for stereoscopic topographic map Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an image texture mapping method and device of a stereoscopic topographic map, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pulling up Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of a stereoscopic topographic map and Digital Orthophotographic (DOM) data of the same spatial range as the stereoscopic topographic map; constructing a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces according to the pulled-up DEM data; determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface; and according to the spatial position of the DEM data pixel and the texture data, mapping DOM data serving as textures to the stereoscopic topographic map. The invention can map the texture of the stereoscopic topographic image to the stereoscopic topographic image more finely, overcomes the defect of texture mapping deformation of the region with larger local topographic change, is convenient for manufacturing and producing the finer stereoscopic topographic image, and has important significance for displaying and expressing the detail characteristics of the topographic topography.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of spatial information, in particular to an image texture mapping method and device for a stereoscopic topographic map.
Background
Currently, a stereoscopic map is a map that directly or indirectly represents the morphology of a surface stereoscopic topography in a three-dimensional stereoscopic form. Taking moon as an example, in order to better highlight the uneven morphology of the moon surface, the vertical scale of the stereoscopic moon topography is usually several times larger than the horizontal scale, and the stereoscopic moon topography has the characteristics of three-dimensional sense of reality and strong intuitiveness. The moon three-dimensional topography can provide data decision support for moon topography structure research and moon detection task path planning, and is widely applied to moon scientific research and engineering detection. Therefore, the method for manufacturing the high-precision moon three-dimensional topographic map has important scientific and engineering values.
In the early stage, an indirect stereoscopic display method is often used for a moon stereoscopic topography, and a stereoscopic effect is indirectly generated by adopting existing relief shading method, bright and dark contour line method, perspective view writing method, bird's eye view method, block stereoscopic image method, statistical stereoscopic image method and other drawing objects on a planar map. The latest moon three-dimensional topographic map mainly utilizes DEM digital elevation model data to directly display three-dimensional relief of the lunar surface topography, and simultaneously utilizes the lunar DOM image in the same position range as texture, and searches corresponding image textures based on pixel positions to map to the three-dimensional topographic surface one by one, so that the three-dimensional topography of the lunar surface is displayed more truly. Because the three-dimensional topography expressed by the DEM data shows a three-dimensional morphology with high and low fluctuation, and the DOM data generally shows a two-dimensional morphology with a plane, the traditional stereo map drawing method usually ignores the inclined surfaces existing between pixels during texture mapping, and the mapping of textures is directly controlled by the lifting of DOM pixels, so that the texture is easily lifted and deformed or cracked in some terrain areas with larger changes. When a high-resolution moon three-dimensional topographic map is produced, the surface of the topography in the inclined direction is further increased because the pull-up ratio on the vertical scale (the elevation direction) is usually much larger (about 4 times) than that of the horizontal scale; if not treated, the texture mapped to the inclined surfaces will have serious deformation or cracks, which affects the expression of the stereoscopic topography of the lunar surface.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for mapping image textures of a stereoscopic map, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
(II) technical scheme
In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an image texture mapping method for a stereoscopic map, including:
pulling up Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of a stereoscopic topographic map and Digital Orthophotographic (DOM) data of the same spatial range as the stereoscopic topographic map;
constructing a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces according to the pulled-up DEM data;
determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface;
and according to the spatial position of the DEM data pixel and the texture data, mapping DOM data serving as textures to the stereoscopic topographic map.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the pulling up the DEM data specifically includes:
and determining a lifting coefficient N of a scale in the vertical direction according to the drawing requirement of the stereoscopic topography map, so as to lift the DEM data.
In some embodiments of the present invention, constructing a plurality of inclined triangular faces specifically includes:
8 inclined triangular surfaces are built by using the pixel as a center and eight neighborhood ranges one by one through a pixel inclined direction surface building algorithm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface specifically includes:
based on the weighted harmonic texture mapping algorithm, the texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface are sequentially calculated according to the clockwise direction.
In some embodiments of the present invention, 8 inclined triangular surfaces are constructed pixel by pixel in an eight neighborhood range by using a pixel inclined direction surface construction algorithm with a pixel as a center, and specifically includes:
traversing DEM data pixels, connecting the pixel centers and eight neighborhood centers of the pixels, and connecting the eight neighborhood centers along the clockwise direction, so that nine particles and 8 triangular surfaces taking the particles as vertexes are obtained through connection, and all surfaces of the pixels in the inclined direction, namely inclined triangular surfaces, are obtained through construction.
In some embodiments of the present invention, after constructing the 8 inclined triangular faces, the method further comprises the steps of: calculating the ratio of the area of each inclined triangular surface to the area of each unit pixel, and rounding to determine an integer ratio K, wherein K satisfies the formula: k= [ S ] 1 /(0.5*S 2 )]Wherein S is 1 For tilting triangle area S 2 Is the unit pixel area.
In some embodiments of the present invention, based on a weighted harmonic texture mapping algorithm, texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface is sequentially calculated according to a clockwise direction, and specifically includes:
traversing each pixel and the field pixels of the DEM data, and finding out the corresponding texture pixels of each pixel on DOM data according to the plane coordinates;
respectively corresponding 8 inclined triangular surfaces constructed on the DEM data to 8 plane triangular surfaces on the DOM data, and inserting K points into the inclined triangular surfaces after pulling up;
calculating plane coordinates and elevation of interpolation points of the inclined triangle, and setting three pixels of the inclined triangle on DEM data as P 1 、P 2 And P 3 Obtaining the interpolation point as P 0 The texture pixel of the corresponding 3 DOM data is Q 1 、Q 2 And Q 3 Let P be 0 The distances a, b and c between the points and the vertexes of the inclined triangle and the inclination angle alpha of the inclined triangle are calculated to obtain the texture value Q of the DOM data 0 ，Q 0 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q 0 ＝(a/(a+b+c)*Q 1 +b/(a+b+c)*Q 2 +c/(a+b+c)*Q 3 )*cosα。
in some embodiments of the present invention, the method for taking the K points is a method for taking the points along an internal angle bisector of an inclined triangular surface, where when k=1, the points are points at which the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface intersects, and when K > 1, the points are points between the points at which the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface intersects and the triangle vertex, which are determined according to the ratio.
In some embodiments of the present invention, mapping DOM data as texture onto the stereoscopic topography map according to spatial locations of DEM data pels and the texture data, comprises the steps of:
and mapping the texture data and the texture data corresponding to the center point of each DEM data onto the whole three-dimensional map three-dimensional surface according to the corresponding DEM three-dimensional surface to form a three-dimensional topographic map mapped with texture information.
In another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an image texture mapping apparatus of a stereoscopic map, wherein the apparatus stores executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
pulling up Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of a stereoscopic topographic map and Digital Orthophotographic (DOM) data of the same spatial range as the stereoscopic topographic map;
constructing a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces according to the pulled-up DEM data;
determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface;
and according to the spatial position of the DEM data pixel and the texture data, mapping DOM data serving as textures to the stereoscopic topographic map.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the image texture mapping method and device for the stereoscopic topographic map have at least the following advantages:
1. calculating the surface change condition of the inclined direction after the vertical pulling, and recalculating the texture of the inclined direction by using a weighted harmonic mapping method to optimize the texture mapping, so that the image texture mapping is finer, the texture mapping of the inclined direction surface during the vertical pulling is considered, and the problems of stretching deformation and cracking of the image texture mapping can be overcome;
2. the method for mapping the two-dimensional DOM image to the three-dimensional DEM topographic surface can improve the quality and the precision of the image texture mapping of the moon three-dimensional topographic map, is used for manufacturing a three-dimensional topographic map with higher resolution and more approaching reality, is convenient for manufacturing and producing a finer three-dimensional topographic map, and has important significance for showing and expressing the detail characteristics of the three-dimensional topographic map.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of an image texture mapping method for a stereoscopic map according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2A is stereoscopic terrain data of DEM data of 1.5m resolution;
FIG. 2B is a block diagram of planar image texture data of DOM data with 1.5m resolution in the range corresponding to FIG. 2A
FIG. 2C is a texture mapping stereoscopic terrain effect map formed by directly mapping planar DOM textures to stereoscopic terrain surfaces through pixel-to-pixel correspondence;
fig. 3A to 3C are schematic views of the surface construction of the pixel in the inclined direction.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an inclined triangle formed by three pixels as end points;
fig. 5 is a view showing the effect of three-dimensional topography obtained by texture mapping after processing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The pull-up ratio on the vertical scale (in the elevation direction) is usually much larger (about 4 times) than that on the horizontal scale in the prior art, so that the surface of the terrain in the inclined direction is further increased; if not processed, the texture mapped to the inclined surfaces will have serious deformation or cracks, which affects the expression of the stereoscopic topography. In view of this, the present invention provides an image texture mapping method and apparatus for a stereoscopic map, which can also consider texture mapping of an inclined surface generated by vertical lifting between pixels while maintaining texture characteristics of original pixel positions, and implement texture mapping of a stereoscopic map (for example, moon or other star) with higher accuracy, so as to obtain a more realistic stereoscopic map.
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
An aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an image texture mapping method for a stereoscopic map, as shown in fig. 1, where the method includes:
s1, pulling up digital elevation model DEM data according to the stereoscopic topography and digital orthophotomap DOM data in the same spatial range as the stereoscopic topography.
S2, constructing a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces according to the pulled-up DEM data;
s3, determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface;
and S4, mapping DOM data serving as textures to the stereoscopic topographic map according to the spatial positions of the DEM data pixels and the texture data.
In step S1, the step of pulling up the DEM data specifically includes:
and determining a lifting coefficient N of a scale in the vertical direction according to the drawing requirement of the stereoscopic topography map, so as to lift the DEM data.
In step S2, a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces are constructed, specifically including:
8 inclined triangular surfaces are built by using the pixel as a center and eight neighborhood ranges one by one through a pixel inclined direction surface building algorithm. More specifically, the DEM data pixels may be traversed first, the pixel centers and the eight neighborhood centers of the pixels are connected, and then the eight neighborhood centers are connected in a clockwise direction, so that nine particles and 8 triangular faces using the particles as vertices are obtained through connection, and all surfaces of the pixels in the oblique direction, namely the oblique triangular faces, are constructed.
After the construction of the 8 inclined triangular faces, the method further comprises the steps of: calculating the ratio of the area of each inclined triangular surface to the area of each unit pixel, and rounding to determine an integer ratio K, wherein K satisfies the formula: k= [ S ] 1 /(0.5*S 2 )]Wherein S is 1 In order to tilt the area of the triangle,S 2 the unit pixel area is prepared for the dot taking in the step S3.
In step S3, determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface specifically includes:
based on a weighted harmonic texture mapping algorithm, sequentially calculating texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface according to a clockwise direction, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
traversing each pixel and the field pixels of the DEM data, and finding out the corresponding texture pixels of each pixel on DOM data according to the plane coordinates;
respectively corresponding 8 inclined triangular surfaces constructed on the DEM data to 8 plane triangular surfaces on the DOM data, and inserting K points into the inclined triangular surfaces after pulling up;
calculating plane coordinates and elevation of interpolation points of the inclined triangle, and setting three pixels of the inclined triangle on DEM data as P 1 、P 2 And P 3 Obtaining the interpolation point as P 0 The texture pixel of the corresponding 3 DOM data is Q 1 、Q 2 And Q 3 Let P be 0 The distances a, b and c between the points and the vertexes of the inclined triangle and the inclination angle alpha of the inclined triangle are calculated to obtain the texture value Q of the DOM data o ，Q 0 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q 0 ＝(a/(a+b+c)*Q 1 +b/(a+b+c)*Q 2 +c/(a+b+c)*Q 3 )*Cosα。
the method for taking the K points is to take the points along the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangle, wherein when K=1, the points are the internal angle bisector intersection points of the inclined triangle, and when K is more than 1, the points are the points which are determined between the internal angle bisector intersection points of the inclined triangle and the vertexes of the triangle according to the proportion.
In step S4, the texture data corresponding to the inclined triangular surface and the texture data corresponding to the center point of each DEM data calculated in step S3 are mapped onto the whole three-dimensional surface of the three-dimensional map according to the DEM three-dimensional surfaces corresponding to the texture data, so as to form a three-dimensional topographic map mapped with texture information.
Next, each step will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 5, taking a moon three-dimensional map as an example.
Fig. 2A is a three-dimensional topographic data of DEM data with 1.5m resolution, fig. 2B is a planar image texture data of DOM data with 1.5m resolution in a range corresponding to fig. 2A, and fig. 2C is a texture mapping three-dimensional topographic effect map formed by directly mapping planar DOM textures to three-dimensional topographic surfaces through pixel-to-pixel correspondence, wherein the region near the upper left edge of the pit in the map can see obvious deformation conditions of the textures.
Fig. 3A to 3C are schematic diagrams of surface construction in the oblique direction of the pixel, the center point in the plan view of fig. 3A is a pixel point, eight surrounding black points are neighboring points thereof, two neighboring points in the west and in the northwest of the center point are connected to form a triangular surface, and by analogy, eight oblique triangular surfaces in the neighboring neighborhood of the pixel can be obtained in the clockwise direction, fig. 3B shows the triangular surface of the left image in a perspective view, and fig. 3C shows the triangular surface in the perspective view when the vertical direction is increased.
Fig. 4 shows a newly added inclined plane formed by taking three pixels as endpoints, and the texture values corresponding to each point on the triangular surface are calculated by using a directional weighting mode according to the fixed point texture values of the triangular surface and the side lengths of each side of the triangular surface.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional topographic map obtained by texture mapping after the processing according to the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the texture deformation is improved and the lunar three-dimensional topographic map is significantly improved as compared with the case of fig. 2C in which the inclined surface texture mapping is added.
Unless otherwise known, the numerical parameters in this specification and the attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. In particular, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". In general, the meaning of expression is meant to include a variation of + -10% in some embodiments, a variation of + -5% in some embodiments, a variation of + -1% in some embodiments, and a variation of + -0.5% in some embodiments by a particular amount.
In another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an image texture mapping apparatus of a stereoscopic map, wherein the apparatus stores executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
pulling up Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of a stereoscopic topographic map and Digital Orthophotographic (DOM) data of the same spatial range as the stereoscopic topographic map;
constructing a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces according to the pulled-up DEM data;
determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface;
and according to the spatial position of the DEM data pixel and the texture data, mapping DOM data serving as textures to the stereoscopic topographic map.
In summary, according to the image texture mapping method and device for the stereoscopic topographic map, through mapping the texture of the DOM data after weighted harmonic interpolation onto the DEM data after pulling, the texture of the stereoscopic topographic map after the formation of the texture mapping is more uniform and tidier, the defect of texture mapping deformation of a region with larger local topographic variation can be overcome, the real characteristics of the stereoscopic topographic map are better expressed, and the method and device for the image texture mapping method and device for the stereoscopic topographic map have important significance for displaying the detail characteristics of the expressed topographic relief.
Furthermore, "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The singular reference of "a", "an", and "the" preceding an element does not exclude the plural reference of such elements.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An image texture mapping method of a stereoscopic map, comprising:
pulling up Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of a stereoscopic topographic map and Digital Orthophotographic (DOM) data of the same spatial range as the stereoscopic topographic map;
constructing a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces according to the pulled-up DEM data;
wherein, construct a plurality of slope triangular faces, specifically include:
8 inclined triangular surfaces are built by taking the pixel as a center and eight neighborhood ranges one by one through a pixel inclined direction surface building algorithm;
determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface;
the method for determining the texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface specifically comprises the following steps:
based on a weighted harmonic texture mapping algorithm, sequentially calculating texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface according to a clockwise direction;
based on a weighted harmonic texture mapping algorithm, sequentially calculating texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface according to a clockwise direction, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
traversing each pixel and the field pixels of the DEM data, and finding out the corresponding texture pixels of each pixel on DOM data according to the plane coordinates;
respectively corresponding 8 inclined triangular surfaces constructed on the DEM data to 8 plane triangular surfaces on the DOM data, and inserting K points into the inclined triangular surfaces after pulling up;
calculating plane coordinates and elevation of interpolation points of the inclined triangle, and setting three pixels of the inclined triangle on DEM data as P 1 、P 2 And P 3 Obtaining the interpolation point as P 0 The texture pixel of the corresponding 3 DOM data is Q 1 、Q 2 And Q 3 Let P be 0 The distances a, b and c between the points and the vertexes of the inclined triangle and the inclination angle alpha of the inclined triangle are calculated to obtain the texture value Q of the DOM data 0 ，Q 0 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q 0 ＝(a/(a+b+c)*Q 1 +b/(a+b+c)*Q 2 +c/(a+b+c)*Q 3 )*cosα；
the point taking method of the K points is that the points are along the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface, the points are the intersection points of the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface when K=1, and the points are the points which are determined according to the ratio between the intersection points of the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface and the vertexes of the triangle when K is more than 1;
and according to the spatial position of the DEM data pixel and the texture data, mapping DOM data serving as textures to the stereoscopic topographic map.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein pulling up the DEM data comprises:
and determining a lifting coefficient N of a scale in the vertical direction according to the drawing requirement of the stereoscopic topography map, so as to lift the DEM data.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein 8 inclined triangular surfaces are built pixel by pixel with eight neighborhood regions centered on a pixel by a pixel inclined direction surface building algorithm, comprising:
traversing DEM data pixels, connecting the pixel centers and eight neighborhood centers of the pixels, and connecting the eight neighborhood centers along the clockwise direction, so that nine particles and 8 triangular surfaces taking the particles as vertexes are obtained through connection, and all surfaces of the pixels in the inclined direction, namely inclined triangular surfaces, are obtained through construction.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein after constructing the 8 inclined triangular faces, further comprising the steps of: calculating the ratio of the area of each inclined triangular surface to the area of each unit pixel, and rounding to determine an integer ratio K, wherein K satisfies the formula: k= [ S ] 1 /(0.5*S 2 )]Wherein S is 1 For tilting triangle area S 2 Is the unit pixel area.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping DOM data as texture onto the stereoscopic map based on spatial locations of DEM data pels and the texture data, comprises the steps of:
and mapping the texture data and the texture data corresponding to the center point of each DEM data onto the whole three-dimensional map three-dimensional surface according to the corresponding DEM three-dimensional surface to form a three-dimensional topographic map mapped with texture information.
6. An image texture mapping apparatus of a stereoscopic map, wherein it stores executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
pulling up Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of a stereoscopic topographic map and Digital Orthophotographic (DOM) data of the same spatial range as the stereoscopic topographic map;
constructing a plurality of inclined triangular surfaces according to the pulled-up DEM data;
wherein, construct a plurality of slope triangular faces, specifically include:
8 inclined triangular surfaces are built by taking the pixel as a center and eight neighborhood ranges one by one through a pixel inclined direction surface building algorithm;
determining texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface;
the method for determining the texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface specifically comprises the following steps:
based on a weighted harmonic texture mapping algorithm, sequentially calculating texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface according to a clockwise direction;
based on a weighted harmonic texture mapping algorithm, sequentially calculating texture data corresponding to each inclined triangular surface according to a clockwise direction, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
traversing each pixel and the field pixels of the DEM data, and finding out the corresponding texture pixels of each pixel on DOM data according to the plane coordinates;
respectively corresponding 8 inclined triangular surfaces constructed on the DEM data to 8 plane triangular surfaces on the DOM data, and inserting K points into the inclined triangular surfaces after pulling up;
calculating plane coordinates and elevation of interpolation points of the inclined triangle, and setting three pixels of the inclined triangle on DEM data as P 1 、P 2 And P 3 Obtaining the interpolation point as P 0 The texture pixel of the corresponding 3 DOM data is Q 1 、Q 2 And Q 3 Let P be 0 The distances a, b and c between the points and the vertexes of the inclined triangle and the inclination angle alpha of the inclined triangle are calculated to obtain the texture value Q of the DOM data 0 ，Q 0 The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Q 0 ＝(a/(a+b+c)*Q 1 +b/(a+b+c)*Q 2 +c/(a+b+c)*Q 3 )*cosα；
the point taking method of the K points is that the points are along the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface, the points are the intersection points of the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface when K=1, and the points are the points which are determined according to the ratio between the intersection points of the internal angle bisector of the inclined triangular surface and the vertexes of the triangle when K is more than 1;
and according to the spatial position of the DEM data pixel and the texture data, mapping DOM data serving as textures to the stereoscopic topographic map.
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