CN109187010B - Dynamic performance testing device for belt transmission system - Google Patents

Dynamic performance testing device for belt transmission system Download PDF

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CN109187010B
CN109187010B CN201810763041.4A CN201810763041A CN109187010B CN 109187010 B CN109187010 B CN 109187010B CN 201810763041 A CN201810763041 A CN 201810763041A CN 109187010 B CN109187010 B CN 109187010B
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belt
transmission system
idler
wheel
sensor
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CN109187010A (en
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朱浩
樊伟
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/023Power-transmitting endless elements, e.g. belts or chains

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Abstract

The invention relates to a dynamic performance testing device of a belt transmission system, which comprises a testing platform, a servo motor, an input shaft, a driving wheel, a belt, a driven wheel, an output shaft, a tensioner and an idler wheel, wherein the testing platform is connected with the servo motor; the laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the transverse vibration of the belt section when the belt runs; the laser rotating speed sensor is used for measuring the rotating speed by combining the reflecting pulses generated by the reflecting paper adhered to the driving wheel and the driven wheel; the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressing force of the belt applied to the idler pulley and calculating the tension of the belt in a reverse mode; the potentiometer is used for measuring the shimmy of the tensioner; the magnetic particle brake is used for providing load torque for the belt transmission system, and the torque sensor is used for measuring the load torque value of the belt transmission system. The belt pulley dynamic characteristic test platform has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in realization and lower cost, can be transformed into various belt transmission system dynamic characteristic test platforms by replacing the types of the belt pulleys, is used as an experimental verification platform of a belt transmission system dynamic model, and provides guidance for the design of an engine accessory transmission system.

Description

Dynamic performance testing device for belt transmission system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic performance testing platform of a belt transmission system, belonging to the field of mechanical transmission.
Background
The belt transmission system, especially the V-ribbed belt transmission system, is widely applied to engine accessory wheel trains and mainly comprises V-ribbed belts, crankshaft belt wheels, tensioners, alternator belt wheels, water pump belt wheels, oil pump belt wheels, air conditioner compressor belt wheels and other accessory wheels. Compared with the common V-belt, the V-belt has smaller bending rigidity and a plurality of wedges (large contact area), so that the V-belt transmission system is more compact in structural arrangement, higher in bearing capacity and more in driven accessories. The tensioner is mainly used for automatically adjusting the tension of the belt due to the spring damping mechanism, so that the slippage of the V-ribbed belt and the overlarge tension fluctuation are avoided, and the vibration and the noise during the operation of the V-ribbed belt transmission system are inhibited.
The dynamic characteristics of the V-ribbed belt transmission system directly influence the working performance of engine accessories, and further influence the working reliability and comfort of the whole engine and even the whole vehicle, so that the comprehensive and accurate control of the overall dynamic characteristics of the V-ribbed belt transmission system is very important. The main dynamic characteristics of the V-ribbed belt transmission system comprise belt-pulley slip rate, transverse vibration of the V-ribbed belt, torsional vibration of the system, tension fluctuation of the V-ribbed belt, angle fluctuation of each accessory belt pulley, shimmy of a tensioning arm and the like. The v-ribbed belt drive system is a complex structural system in itself, and the movements of the belt and the accessory pulleys are coupled and influenced with each other during the operation thereof. At present, engine accessory wheel trains are designed and arranged mainly through a theoretical analysis method, but the theoretical analysis greatly simplifies the V-ribbed belt and the accessory wheels, and cannot accurately reflect the dynamic performance of a V-ribbed belt transmission system, so that the phenomena of overlarge tension fluctuation of the V-ribbed belt, premature wear of the V-ribbed belt and a tensioning wheel, short service life, overlarge vibration noise of the whole transmission system and the like are caused when the designed V-ribbed belt transmission system actually works many times. Therefore, the design scheme of the engine accessory gear train, which is provided only by theoretical analysis, cannot meet the requirement of higher working performance of the engine accessory gear train at the present stage, and an experiment is needed to verify and improve a theoretical model. However, in actual operation, due to factors such as too compact structural arrangement of the engine accessory gear train, many dynamic characteristics such as belt tension fluctuation and the like cannot be measured, and the working performance evaluation of the designed engine accessory gear train is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a belt transmission system dynamic performance testing device, which can be used for carrying out comprehensive testing on the dynamic characteristics of a belt transmission system and carrying out comparison and verification by combining theoretical design and analysis of the belt transmission system, so as to accurately judge the working performance evaluation of an engine accessory gear train, and is particularly suitable for testing the dynamic performance of a multi-wedge belt transmission system.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a belt transmission system dynamic performance testing device comprises a testing platform, a servo motor, an input shaft, a driving wheel, a belt, a driven wheel and an output shaft, wherein the servo motor, the input shaft, the driving wheel, the belt, the driven wheel and the output shaft are arranged on the testing platform and are sequentially connected;
the two laser displacement sensors are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the belt through respective mounting brackets, and a laser head of each laser displacement sensor is perpendicular to the running direction of the belt and is used for measuring the transverse vibration of a belt section when the belt runs;
the laser head of the laser rotating speed sensor emits laser beams to the corresponding driving wheel and the corresponding driven wheel, and is used for measuring the rotating speed of the corresponding driving wheel and the corresponding driven wheel by combining reflection pulses generated by the reflection paper;
the pressure sensor is arranged below an idler wheel mounting seat through a pressure sensor mounting seat, the idler wheel is arranged on the idler wheel mounting seat, and the pressure sensor is used for measuring belt pressing force applied to the idler wheel and passes through a formula
Figure GDA0002625774660000031
Calculating a belt tension back to obtain a belt tension, wherein F is the belt tension and F1For a side tension of the belt, F2For tensioning the other side of the belt, FPress and pressIn order to apply the pressing force to the belt,
Figure GDA0002625774660000032
is the wrap angle of the idler pulley and the belt;
the potentiometer is arranged at the end part of the mandrel of the tensioner and is used for measuring the shimmy of the tensioner;
the front end of the torque sensor is connected with the tail end of the output shaft through a coupler, the rear end of the torque sensor is connected with a magnetic powder brake through another coupler, the magnetic powder brake is used for providing load torque for the belt transmission system, the torque sensor is used for measuring the load torque value of the belt transmission system, and the rotating speed of the servo motor and the load torque of the magnetic powder brake are adjustable.
Preferably, the test platform is provided with a plurality of parallel T-shaped grooves, the servo motor, the input shaft, the output shaft, the tensioner, the torque sensor and the magnetic powder brake are respectively installed on the T-shaped grooves of the test platform through respective equipped supports, and all the equipped supports are provided with adjustable installation holes so as to meet adjustable installation and improve universality.
Furthermore, the idler wheel and the idler wheel shaft are designed integrally and are installed on a U-shaped idler wheel installation seat through a bearing, a bolt vertically penetrates through the center of the bottom of the idler wheel installation seat to be connected with the middle of the pressure sensor, the periphery of the pressure sensor is fixed to the center of the top of the pressure sensor installation seat through the bolt, the pressure sensor installation seat is a door-shaped frame formed by bending a steel plate, flanges are arranged on the left side and the right side of the door-shaped frame, and the door-shaped frame is installed on a T-shaped groove of the test platform through adjustable installation holes in the flanges; the novel installation and connection mode of the idler pulley and the pressure sensor is adopted, so that the idler pulley detected by the pressure sensor is enabled to bear accurate belt pressing force, meanwhile, the occupied space for installation is reduced, and the whole structure is more compact.
Furthermore, the belt is a poly-wedge belt, a flat belt, a V-belt or a synchronous belt, the driving wheel is fixed on a shaft shoulder of the input shaft through bolts uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, two ends of the input shaft are respectively installed on a common support through bearings, and then axial limiting is carried out by combining with a support end cover outside the bearings; the driven wheel is fixed on a shaft shoulder of the output shaft through bolts uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, two ends of the output shaft are respectively installed on a shared support through bearings, axial limiting is carried out by combining a support end cover outside the bearings, the universality is good, and quick reloading of various belts can be realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the dynamic characteristic of the belt transmission system can be comprehensively measured, particularly, the dynamic tension of the belt can be measured by adopting a simple device, and an unexpected technical effect is generated;
2) the dynamic characteristic parameters of the belt transmission system obtained through measurement can reasonably evaluate and verify related design and theoretical analysis, and the method has important guiding significance for the design and subsequent improvement work of the belt transmission system;
3) the rotating speed and the load torque of the motor are adjustable, and the dynamic performance of the belt transmission system under different working conditions can be comprehensively reflected;
4) the device is universal for belt pulleys such as a poly-wedge belt pulley, a flat belt pulley, a V belt pulley, a synchronous belt pulley and the like, is connected through uniformly distributed threaded through holes at a shaft shoulder, is suitable for dynamic performance tests of various belt transmission systems, and has high universality;
in conclusion, the dynamic characteristic test platform has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in implementation and low cost, can be transformed into various dynamic characteristic test platforms of the belt transmission system by replacing the types of belt pulleys, can simulate the more complicated dynamic characteristic test of the belt transmission system by adding more belt pulleys and loads on the basis, is used as an experimental verification platform of a dynamic model of the belt transmission system, further provides guidance for the design of an engine accessory transmission system, and avoids the phenomena that the dynamic performance of the belt transmission system cannot be accurately reflected by independent theoretical analysis, the designed belt transmission system has overlarge fluctuation during actual working, the belt and a tension pulley are worn prematurely, the service life is short, the vibration noise of the whole transmission system is overlarge and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
Figure 3 is an exploded view of the drive wheel, input shaft and support.
Fig. 4 is a test and control schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1-2, the dynamic performance testing device for the belt drive system mainly comprises a testing platform 1, a servo motor 2, an input shaft 3, a driving wheel 4, a belt 5, a driven wheel 6, an output shaft 7, a tensioner 8, an idler wheel 9, a laser displacement sensor 10, a laser rotating speed sensor 11, a pressure sensor 12, a potentiometer 13, a torque sensor 14, a magnetic powder brake 15, a pressure sensor mounting seat 16, an idler wheel mounting seat 17, a coupling 18 and the like.
The servo motor 2, the input shaft 3, the driving wheel 4, the belt 5, the driven wheel 6 and the output shaft 7 are sequentially connected and then are installed on the testing platform 1. A tensioner 8 is provided above the belt 5 and an idler pulley 9 is provided below the belt 5, thereby forming a belt drive system. The driving wheel 4, the driven wheel 6, the idle wheel 9 and the tension wheel of the tensioner 8 are arranged on the same plane and are connected with the belt 5. A coupling 18 is arranged between the servomotor 2 and the input shaft 3, and a belt drive system is driven by the input shaft 3. The speed of the servomotor 2 is preferably controlled by a control program and control circuit written by labview. The tensioning wheel of tensioner 8 can let the pulley center shaft freely rotate, also can be around the tensioning ware successively the center back and forth swing. The tensioner 8 is fixed to an equipped mounting plate by a bolt, and the initial tension of the belt can be adjusted by adjusting the mounting position and angle of the tensioner on the mounting plate.
In order to test the dynamic performance of the belt transmission system, five core components of a laser displacement sensor 10, a laser rotating speed sensor 11, a pressure sensor 12, a potentiometer 13, a torque sensor 14 and a magnetic powder brake 15 are required.
The laser displacement sensors 10 are two in total, wherein one is fixed on the upper side of the belt 5 through a mounting bracket, and the other is fixed on the lower side of the belt 5 through a mounting bracket. The laser head of each laser displacement sensor 10 is perpendicular to the running direction of the belt 5 and is used for measuring the transverse vibration of the belt section when the belt runs.
The laser rotating speed sensors 11 are two in number, one of the laser rotating speed sensors is fixedly installed corresponding to the driving wheel 4 through a mounting bracket, and the other laser rotating speed sensor is fixedly installed corresponding to the driven wheel 6 through a mounting bracket. The end parts of the driving wheel 4 and the driven wheel 6 are respectively adhered with reflective paper, a laser head of the laser rotating speed sensor 11 emits laser beams to the corresponding driving wheel 4 and the corresponding driven wheel 6, and reflective pulses generated by the reflective paper are combined for measuring the rotating speed of the corresponding driving wheel 4 and the corresponding driven wheel 6. The light reflecting marks on the driving wheel 4 and the driven wheel 6 generate a light reflecting pulse every time the light reflecting marks rotate, and then the light reflecting pulses are converted into 0-5V TTL electric signals by a laser head of the laser rotating speed sensor 11.
The pressure sensor 12 is arranged below an idler wheel mounting seat 17 through a pressure sensor mounting seat 16, the idler wheel 9 is arranged on the idler wheel mounting seat 17, and the pressure sensor 12 is used for measuring the belt pressing force applied to the idler wheel 9 and passes through the formula
Figure GDA0002625774660000061
And calculating the belt tension reversely. Wherein F is a belt tension force, F1For a side tension of the belt, F2For tensioning the other side of the belt, FPress and pressIn order to apply the pressing force to the belt,
Figure GDA0002625774660000062
is an idler pulley and a beltThe wrap angle of (c).
The belt's pressing force against the idler pulley 9 is transmitted to the pressure sensor 12 through the bearing and idler pulley mount 17, as shown in fig. 2, the idler pulley and belt wrap angle is
Figure GDA0002625774660000063
One side of the idler pulley can be considered to be the belt tension F because the idler pulley is unloaded and is in exactly the center of the belt segment (the two side segments of the idler pulley are symmetrically arranged), and thus one side of the idler pulley is considered to be the belt tension F1And tension F of the other side2Are equally large, thus passing through the formula
Figure GDA0002625774660000071
The tension F of the belt can be calculated.
A potentiometer 13 is mounted at the end of the mandrel of the tensioner 8 for measuring the shimmy of the tensioner 8.
The front end of the torque sensor 14 is connected with the tail end of the output shaft 7 through a coupler 18, the rear end of the torque sensor 14 is connected with a magnetic powder brake 15 through another coupler 18, the magnetic powder brake 15 is used for providing load torque for a belt transmission system, the torque sensor 14 is used for measuring the load torque value of the belt transmission system, and the rotating speed of the servo motor 2 and the load torque of the magnetic powder brake 15 are adjustable. The load of the belt transmission system is provided by a magnetic powder brake 15, and the magnitude of the current input into the magnetic powder brake is controlled by a controller so as to control the magnitude of the load torque. The torque sensor 14 preferably provides a 24V power supply with an output of 0-5V voltage signal.
Preferably, the test platform 1 is provided with a plurality of T-shaped grooves 1a parallel to each other, the servo motor 2, the input shaft 3, the output shaft 7, the tensioner 8, the torque sensor 14 and the magnetic powder brake 15 are respectively mounted on the T-shaped grooves 1a of the test platform 1 through respective equipped supports, and all the equipped supports are provided with adjustable mounting holes to realize adjustable mounting.
In addition, idler 9 is preferably integrally formed with the idler shaft and is mounted by bearings to a "U" shaped idler mounting seat 17. The bolt vertically penetrates through the center of the bottom of the idler wheel mounting seat 17 to be connected with the middle of the pressure sensor 12, and the periphery of the pressure sensor 12 is fixed to the center of the top of the pressure sensor mounting seat 16 through the bolt. The pressure sensor mounting base 16 is a door-shaped frame bent by a steel plate, the left side and the right side of the door-shaped frame are provided with flanges, and the flanges are mounted on a T-shaped groove 1a of the test platform 1 through adjustable mounting holes in the flanges. The mounting holes provided around the pressure sensor 12 are preferably 6 evenly distributed countersunk holes.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the belt 5 may be a V-ribbed belt, a flat belt, a V-belt, or a synchronous belt, the driving wheel 4 is fixed on a shoulder 3a of the input shaft 3 by circumferentially and uniformly distributed bolts, two ends of the input shaft 3 are respectively mounted on a common support through bearings 19, and then are axially limited by a support end cover 20 outside the bearings 19. Similarly, the driven wheel 6 is fixed on a shaft shoulder of the output shaft 7 through bolts uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, two ends of the output shaft 7 are respectively installed on a common support through bearings, and then axial limiting is carried out by combining with a support end cover outside the bearings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the dynamic performance testing apparatus further needs to be equipped with a testing and controlling part, and the testing and controlling part includes a data collecting unit, a controlling unit and an industrial personal computer. After voltage signals measured by the laser displacement sensor 10, the laser rotating speed sensor 11, the pressure sensor 12, the potentiometer 13 and the torque sensor 14 are conditioned by signals, the conditioned signals are collected by the data collection unit and then input to the industrial personal computer for display. The data acquisition unit comprises a data acquisition card, a test program and a test interface which are compiled based on labview software, and is used for displaying test data such as the rotating speed of the belt wheel, the transverse vibration displacement of the belt and the like in real time and storing the test data to a specified path. The rotation speed of the servo motor is controlled by the industrial personal computer and the motor controller of the control unit, and the magnitude of current input into the magnetic powder brake is controlled by the current controller of the control unit so as to control the magnitude of braking torque of the magnetic powder brake.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a belt drive system dynamic behavior testing arrangement, includes test platform (1) to and install on test platform (1) and consecutive servo motor (2), input shaft (3), action wheel (4), belt (5), follow driving wheel (6) and output shaft (7), the top of belt (5) is provided with tensioning ware (8), and the below of belt (5) is provided with idler (9), and idler (9) just in time are in the centre position of belt section under belt (5), its characterized in that:
the device also comprises a laser displacement sensor (10), a laser rotating speed sensor (11), a pressure sensor (12), a potentiometer (13), a torque sensor (14) and a magnetic powder brake (15);
the two laser displacement sensors (10) are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the belt (5) through respective mounting brackets, and a laser head of each laser displacement sensor (10) is vertical to the running direction of the belt (5) and is used for measuring the transverse vibration of a belt section when the belt runs;
the laser rotating speed sensors (11) are respectively and fixedly arranged corresponding to the driving wheel (4) and the driven wheel (6) through respective mounting brackets, reflective paper is pasted at the end parts of the driving wheel (4) and the driven wheel (6), a laser head of each laser rotating speed sensor (11) emits laser beams to the corresponding driving wheel (4) and the corresponding driven wheel (6), and reflective pulses generated by the reflective paper are combined for measuring the rotating speed of the corresponding driving wheel (4) and the corresponding driven wheel (6);
the pressure sensor (12) is arranged below an idler wheel mounting seat (17) through a pressure sensor mounting seat (16), the idler wheel (9) is arranged on the idler wheel mounting seat (17), and the pressure sensor (12) is used for measuring belt pressing force applied to the idler wheel (9) and passes through a formula
Figure FDA0002625774650000011
Calculating a belt tension back to obtain a belt tension, wherein F is the belt tension and F1For a side tension of the belt, F2For tensioning the other side of the belt, FPress and pressIn order to apply the pressing force to the belt,
Figure FDA0002625774650000012
is the wrap angle of the idler pulley and the belt;
the potentiometer (13) is arranged at the end part of the mandrel of the tensioner (8) and is used for measuring the shimmy of the tensioner (8);
the front end of the torque sensor (14) is connected with the tail end of the output shaft (7) through a coupler (18), the rear end of the torque sensor (14) is connected with a magnetic powder brake (15) through another coupler (18), the magnetic powder brake (15) is used for providing load torque for a belt transmission system, the torque sensor (14) is used for measuring the load torque value of the belt transmission system, and the rotating speed of the servo motor (2) and the load torque of the magnetic powder brake (15) are adjustable;
the idler (9) and the idler shaft are designed integrally and are mounted on a U-shaped idler mounting seat (17) through a bearing, a bolt vertically penetrates through the center of the bottom of the idler mounting seat (17) and is connected with the middle of a pressure sensor (12), the periphery of the pressure sensor (12) is fixed to the center of the top of the pressure sensor mounting seat (16) through the bolt, the pressure sensor mounting seat (16) is a door-shaped frame formed by bending steel plates, flanges are arranged on the left side and the right side of the door-shaped frame, and the pressure sensor is mounted on a T-shaped groove (1a) of the test platform (1) through adjustable mounting holes in the flanges.
2. The belt drive system dynamic performance testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the testing platform is characterized in that a plurality of T-shaped grooves (1a) which are parallel to each other are formed in the testing platform (1), the servo motor (2), the input shaft (3), the output shaft (7), the tensioner (8), the torque sensor (14) and the magnetic powder brake (15) are installed on the T-shaped grooves (1a) of the testing platform (1) through respective equipped supports, and adjustable installation holes are formed in all the equipped supports.
3. The belt drive system dynamic performance testing apparatus of claim 2, characterized in that: the belt (5) is a poly-wedge belt, a flat belt, a V belt or a synchronous belt, the driving wheel (4) is fixed on a shaft shoulder (3a) of the input shaft (3) through bolts uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, two ends of the input shaft (3) are respectively installed on a common support through bearings (19), and then axial limiting is carried out by combining with a support end cover (20) outside the bearings (19); the driven wheel (6) is fixed on a shaft shoulder of the output shaft (7) through bolts uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, two ends of the output shaft (7) are respectively installed on a common support through bearings, and then axial limiting is carried out by combining with a support end cover outside the bearings.
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