CN109186704B - Automatic measuring method and device for evaporation capacity - Google Patents

Automatic measuring method and device for evaporation capacity Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109186704B
CN109186704B CN201811183577.5A CN201811183577A CN109186704B CN 109186704 B CN109186704 B CN 109186704B CN 201811183577 A CN201811183577 A CN 201811183577A CN 109186704 B CN109186704 B CN 109186704B
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evaporation
balance
water
balance rod
liquid level
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CN109186704A (en
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李思凡
仵峰
魏义长
宰松梅
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Level Indicators Using A Float (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of evaporation measurement. The automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity comprises a support, an evaporation dish, a measuring assembly and a control and data acquisition module, wherein a balance rod is pivoted on the support; the evaporation dish and the measuring assembly are respectively arranged at two ends of the balance rod; the measurement assembly includes: the lower part of the thin pipe is provided with a water drain port, and the water drain port is provided with a first electromagnetic valve; a liquid level sensor for detecting a liquid level in the tubule; the control and data acquisition module controls the action of the first electromagnetic valve, detects the position of the balance rod, and acquires and records the data of the liquid level sensor. Also disclosed is an automatic measurement method of the evaporation amount by using the automatic measurement device of the evaporation amount. The method and the device can convert the evaporation capacity of a larger area into a small-diameter water body with the same volume, so that the accuracy of data acquisition is improved, and continuous measurement can be realized.

Description

Automatic measuring method and device for evaporation capacity
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of evaporation measurement, and particularly relates to an automatic evaporation capacity measurement method and device.
Background
The water surface evaporation or the soil water evaporation is one of the basic elements in water resource evaluation, soil research, hydrologic research, hydraulic engineering design and climate division, and is also basic reference data for researching land surface evaporation.
Although the existing evaporation amount measuring instrument is more, the traditional manual evaporation amount measuring method has great artifacts in the measured data, and has great workload and more limitation. The existing automatic evaporation capacity measuring instrument such as a ZFH type evaporation capacity measuring instrument, a magnetostrictive evaporation capacity measuring instrument, a high-precision water level control system based on ultrasonic water level and other technologies are limited by factors such as insufficient precision of a liquid level sensor, complex evaporation capacity measuring environment and the like, and the defects that the precision cannot meet the national standard requirements, the automatic function is not perfect and the like generally exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides an automatic measuring method and device for the evaporation capacity, which can convert the evaporation capacity with a larger area into a small-diameter water body with an equal volume, thereby improving the accuracy of data acquisition and realizing continuous measurement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted is as follows:
an automatic measurement device for evaporation amount, comprising: the support is pivoted with a balance rod; an evaporation dish; the evaporation dish and the measuring component are respectively arranged at two ends of the balance rod; and a control and data acquisition module; wherein the measurement assembly comprises: the lower part of the thin pipe is provided with a water drain port, and the water drain port is provided with a first electromagnetic valve; a liquid level sensor for detecting a liquid level in the tubule; the control and data acquisition module controls the action of the first electromagnetic valve, detects the position of the balance rod, and acquires and records the data of the liquid level sensor.
According to the automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity of the present invention, preferably, the control and data acquisition module includes a balance bar position detection part; the balance rod position detection component comprises a balance contact and a contact piece, the balance contact is arranged on the outer side of the balance rod, the contact piece is arranged on the balance rod and corresponds to the balance contact, and the action of the liquid level sensor is controlled through the engagement and disconnection of the balance contact and the contact piece; or the balance rod position detection component comprises magnetic steel and a Hall element capable of sensing the magnetic steel, one of the magnetic steel and the Hall element is arranged on the balance rod, the other one of the magnetic steel and the Hall element is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the balance rod, and the liquid level sensor is controlled to act by detecting the position of the balance rod.
According to the automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity of the present invention, preferably, at least one tubule is provided, and the top of the tubule is open, or a second electromagnetic valve is provided at the top of the tubule.
According to the automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity, preferably, scale marks are arranged on the thin tubes, and the automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity further comprises a wind-proof glass cover and a bird-proof net which are arranged on the outer side.
According to the automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity, preferably, the end part of the balance rod corresponding to the thin pipe is provided with a counterweight, or the two ends of the balance rod are both provided with counterweights, the lower part of the support is provided with a supporting table, and the bottom of the supporting table is provided with travelling wheels and leveling support legs.
According to the automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity of the present invention, preferably, the automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity further comprises a solar panel or a storage battery, which is electrically connected with the control and data acquisition module.
According to the automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity, preferably, the cross-sectional area of the evaporation dish and the cross-sectional area of the tubule are 1:100-1: 10000.
according to the automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity of the present invention, preferably, the automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity further comprises an automatic water replenishing assembly for replenishing water to the tubule or/and the evaporation pan.
According to the automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity, preferably, the balance rod is pivoted with the support through the pivot shaft, the pivot shaft and the balance rod are of an integrated structure, a thin pipe water supplementing pipeline and an evaporation dish water supplementing pipeline are arranged between the pivot shaft and the balance rod, the thin pipe water supplementing pipeline and the evaporation dish water supplementing pipeline are respectively communicated with the thin pipe and the evaporation dish, and the two ends of the pivot shaft are respectively provided with the thin pipe water supplementing connector and the evaporation dish water supplementing connector; the automatic water replenishing assembly includes: a water storage tank; the metering pump comprises a thin pipe water replenishing metering pump and an evaporation dish water replenishing metering pump; and the evaporation dish water replenishing metering pump is communicated with the evaporation dish water replenishing joint and the water storage tank through the water delivery pipe.
The automatic measuring method for the evaporation capacity, which is used for automatically measuring the evaporation capacity by using the automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity, specifically comprises the following steps: assembling the automatic measuring device of the evaporation capacity, and respectively adding measuring base materials and water into the evaporating dish and the thin tube to finish the leveling of the balance rod; reading initial data of a liquid level sensor and recording; controlling the electromagnetic valve to drain water according to the set data reading interval time of the control and data acquisition module until the balance rod is restored to balance, reading the liquid level data of the liquid level sensor at the moment, and recording; and finishing and recording data acquisition and recording of the liquid level sensor for a plurality of times, and obtaining the data information of the evaporation capacity.
By adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial effects are that:
the method and the device can be used for effectively realizing the great improvement of the measurement accuracy of the evaporation capacity and the unattended measurement and monitoring of the evaporation capacity according to the requirement of automatic accurate measurement of the evaporation capacity. Meanwhile, a lever type measuring structure is designed through evaporator design demand analysis, an automatic evaporation amount measuring device is designed according to demands, and a control and data acquisition module and an automatic water supplementing assembly are designed, so that sustainable automatic measurement is realized.
The application adopts the lever principle to convert the evaporation capacity of a larger area into a small-diameter water body with the same volume; the micro evaporation water quantity in the water surface or the soil is converted into a large height difference with a smaller cross-sectional area, so that the water level sensor is convenient to read and measure and collect, and the accuracy of data collection is greatly improved.
Through the design of automatic moisturizing subassembly, can effectual improvement measuring time span and data acquisition volume to make the reliability to the data parameter of evaporation capacity, further obtain improving, thereby provide reliable basic reference data for the research of land evaporation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating some embodiments of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same.
Fig. 1 is one of schematic structural views of an automatic measuring device for evaporation amount according to an embodiment of the present invention, which shows positional relationship of a support, an evaporation pan, and a measuring assembly.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic structural view of the automatic measuring device for evaporation amount according to the embodiment of the present invention, which further shows the structural relationship between the windshield and the base.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a balance bar and a support according to an embodiment of the present invention, which shows the internal structure of the balance bar and the pivot shaft.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a measuring assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a balance lever position detecting member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a second schematic structural view of a measuring assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, which shows a schematic structural view of a plurality of tubules.
Number in the figure:
100 is a support, 110 is a balance bar, 111 is a counterweight, 120 is a pivot shaft, and 130 is a fulcrum;
200 is an evaporation pan;
300 is a measuring assembly, 310 is a thin pipe, 320 is a liquid level sensor, 330 is a water drain, 331 is a first electromagnetic valve, 340 is a balance rod position detecting component, 3401 is a balance contact, 3402 is a contact piece, 350 is a second electromagnetic valve, 360 is a scale mark, 3701 is a thin pipe water supplementing pipeline, 3702 is an evaporation dish water supplementing pipeline, 3703 is a thin pipe water supplementing joint, 3704 is an evaporation dish water supplementing joint;
410 is a supporting table, 420 is a travelling wheel, 430 is a leveling foot, 440 is a windshield, and 450 is a bird preventing net.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical features and technical effects of the technical solution of the present invention more clear, an exemplary solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiment of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present application discloses an automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity for converting a larger area of evaporation capacity into an equal volume of small diameter water body; the micro evaporation water depth in the water surface or the soil is converted into a large height difference with a smaller cross-sectional area, so that the measurement and collection of a reading and water level sensor are facilitated, and the micro evaporation water depth measuring device specifically comprises a support 100, an evaporation pan 200, a measuring assembly 300 and a control and data collection module, wherein a balance rod 110 is pivoted on the support 100; the evaporating dish 200 and the measuring assembly 300 are respectively disposed at both ends of the balance bar 110; the measuring assembly 300 comprises a thin pipe 310 and a liquid level sensor 320, wherein a water drain port 330 is arranged at the lower part of the thin pipe, and a first electromagnetic valve 331 is arranged at the water drain port 330; the liquid level sensor 320 is used for detecting the liquid level in the tubule 310; the control and data acquisition module controls the action of the first electromagnetic valve 331, detects the position of the balance bar 110, and acquires and records the data of the liquid level sensor 320.
The control and data acquisition module includes a balance bar position detection component 340; the balance bar position detecting part 340 includes a balance contact 3401 and a contact piece 3402, as shown in fig. 5, the balance contact 3401 is provided on the outer side of the balance bar 110, the contact piece 3402 is provided on the balance bar 110 and corresponds to the balance contact 3401, and the operation of the liquid level sensor 320 is controlled by the engagement and disengagement of the balance contact 3401 and the contact piece 3402.
The balance rod position detecting component 340 can also be a magnetic steel and a Hall element capable of sensing the magnetic steel, one of the magnetic steel and the Hall element is arranged on the balance rod, the other is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the balance rod, and the action of the liquid level sensor is controlled by detecting the position of the balance rod.
The specific action principle is as follows: pouring a proper amount of water into the evaporating dish and the tubule, and leveling the balance bar, wherein the balance bar position detecting part 340 gives out a balance signal, and the liquid level sensor gives out the liquid level data of the tubule; after liquid in the evaporating dish evaporates, the balance rod is unbalanced, so that the balance rod position detection part is separated, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to drain water according to the interval time set by the control and data acquisition module, so that the balance rod is balanced again gradually, the balance rod position detection part is connected at the moment, a balancing signal is given, the first electromagnetic valve is closed, meanwhile, liquid level data when balance is restored is detected, and the water discharge amount of the first electromagnetic valve is obtained according to the difference of the secondary liquid level data, namely the evaporation amount of the evaporating dish in the period of time.
In order to avoid the existence of measurement errors caused by the evaporation of water in the tubule, the top of the tubule can be of an open structure, and the evaporation capacity can be ignored because of the small size of the tubule, or a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the top of the tubule and is linked with the first electromagnetic valve, so that the tubule is in a closed state under normal conditions.
The scale marks are arranged on the tubule, so that outdoor observation is more visual, and manual observation data can be implemented.
When outdoor operation is carried out, other influences often exist, the lever system can be damaged, and an automatic measurement error exists, so that disturbance to the lever system is avoided by arranging the wind-proof glass cover and the bird-proof net. To the setting of whole evaporation capacity automatic measuring device, it can be through the structure as shown in fig. 2, set up on supporting bench 410, also can be through wholly arranging evaporation capacity automatic measuring device underground for evaporation dish and earth's surface parallel and level, set up the bird net in evaporation dish upper portion, the tubule outside sets up air-proof pipe, prevent wind glass cover etc. to make whole device avoid receiving external factor's influence.
Because there is certain asymmetry, and the evaporation dish and the quality and the volume of tubule have great difference, so there is certain problem in the two leveling process, consequently through being provided with the counter weight at the balancing pole tip that corresponds with the tubule, or the balancing pole both ends all are provided with the counter weight to can be convenient for quick leveling, ensure the convenience of whole equipment debugging equipment.
Further, since the lever system is in two states in the measurement process, one is in a balanced state and the other is in an unbalanced state, and the unbalanced state often causes one side to incline to the lowest point rapidly, so that in order to avoid overlarge inclination angle and failure of the lever system, the inclination of the lever is effectively controlled by arranging the fulcrum 130 corresponding to the balance bar 110 on the support 100, so that the lever realizes balanced and unbalanced actions in a smaller swinging range, the flexibility is ensured, and further, the corresponding acting force in unbalanced state can be detected by arranging the pressure sensor on the fulcrum, so that the whole control and control of the data acquisition module are conveniently adjusted and guided, the time point of data acquisition is optimized and controlled, and the accuracy of acquired data is ensured.
Because the automatic measurement is realized, a corresponding control unit such as a chip, a microprocessor and the like is needed, and the movement of the electromagnetic valve and the sensor is needed to be controlled, the solar cell panel or the storage battery is further arranged and electrically connected with the control and data acquisition module, so that the supply of electric energy is realized, and the integrity of a system is ensured.
As shown in fig. 6, the cross-sectional area of the evaporating dish and the cross-sectional area of the tubule are 1:100-1: 10000, in order to further improve measurement accuracy, can change the quantity of tubule, it can be one, also can be many, through the setting of many tubules, all correspond on every tubule and set up water drain and level sensor, from this not only can reduce the height of single tubule, can increase measuring accuracy moreover, can promote the evaporation capacity in the evaporating dish to tens of times, up to thousands of times, tens of thousands of times.
Because of the requirement of continuous large time span and support of large measurement data parameters of land evaporation reference materials, the sustainability of the whole system is required to be ensured, so by arranging an automatic water supplementing component, the automatic water supplementing component supplements water to the tubules or/and the evaporation dish, and concretely, the application provides a concrete structure as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a balance bar 110 is pivoted with a support 100 through a pivot shaft 120, the pivot shaft 120 and the balance bar 110 are of an integrated structure, a tubule water supplementing pipeline 3701 and an evaporation dish water supplementing pipeline 3702 are arranged between the pivot shaft 120 and the balance bar 110, and the tubule water supplementing pipeline 3701 and the evaporation dish water supplementing pipeline 3702 are respectively communicated with the tubules 310 and the evaporation dish 200, and a tubule water supplementing joint 3703 and an evaporation dish water supplementing joint 3704 are respectively arranged at two ends of the pivot shaft 120; the automatic water supplementing assembly comprises a water storage tank, a metering pump and a water delivery pipe, wherein the metering pump comprises a tubule water supplementing metering pump and an evaporation dish water supplementing metering pump; the tubule moisturizing metering pump passes through raceway and tubule moisturizing joint and storage water tank intercommunication, and evaporation dish moisturizing metering pump passes through raceway and evaporation dish moisturizing joint and storage water tank intercommunication, and wherein tubule moisturizing joint 3703 and evaporation dish moisturizing joint 3704 adopt rotary joint, avoid causing the influence to the rotation of pin joint axle.
The application also discloses an automatic measuring method for the evaporation capacity, which is used for automatically measuring the evaporation capacity by using the automatic measuring device for the evaporation capacity and specifically comprises the following steps: assembling the automatic measuring device of the evaporation capacity, adding measuring base materials and water into an evaporation vessel and a thin tube respectively, wherein the measuring base materials can be soil or water resources or other base materials needing to measure the evaporation capacity, and finishing the leveling of the balance rod; reading initial data of a liquid level sensor and recording; controlling the electromagnetic valve to drain water according to the set data reading interval time of the control and data acquisition module until the balance rod is restored to balance, reading the liquid level data of the liquid level sensor at the moment, and recording; and finishing and recording data acquisition and recording of the liquid level sensor for a plurality of times, and obtaining the data information of the evaporation capacity.
The term "and/or" herein means that there may be three relationships. For example, a and/or B may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front-rear association object is an "or" relationship.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, are not used for any order, quantity, or importance, but are used for distinguishing between different elements. Likewise, the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not necessarily denote a limitation of quantity. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. "connected" or "connected" and the like are not intended to be limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
While the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made to the above-described specific embodiments and that various combinations of the features and structures can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. An automatic measurement device for evaporation amount, comprising:
the support is pivoted with a balance rod;
an evaporation dish;
the evaporation dish and the measuring component are respectively arranged at two ends of the balance rod;
a control and data acquisition module;
the automatic water supplementing assembly supplements water for the tubules or/and the evaporating dish;
wherein the measurement assembly comprises:
the lower part of the thin pipe is provided with a water drain port, and the water drain port is provided with a first electromagnetic valve;
and a liquid level sensor for detecting a liquid level within the tubule;
the control and data acquisition module controls the action of the first electromagnetic valve, detects the position of the balance rod, and acquires and records the data of the liquid level sensor;
the balance rod is pivoted with the support through a pivot shaft, the pivot shaft and the balance rod are of an integrated structure, a thin pipe water supplementing pipeline and an evaporation dish water supplementing pipeline are arranged between the pivot shaft and the balance rod, the thin pipe water supplementing pipeline and the evaporation dish water supplementing pipeline are communicated with the thin pipe and the evaporation dish respectively, and two ends of the pivot shaft are provided with a thin pipe water supplementing joint and an evaporation dish water supplementing joint respectively; the automatic water replenishing assembly includes:
a water storage tank;
the metering pump comprises a thin pipe water replenishing metering pump and an evaporation dish water replenishing metering pump;
and the evaporation dish water replenishing metering pump is communicated with the evaporation dish water replenishing joint and the water storage tank through the water delivery pipe.
2. The automatic measuring device for evaporation amount according to claim 1, wherein said control and data acquisition module comprises a balance bar position detecting means;
the balance rod position detection component comprises a balance contact and a contact piece, the balance contact is arranged on the outer side of the balance rod, the contact piece is arranged on the balance rod and corresponds to the balance contact, and the action of the liquid level sensor is controlled through the engagement and disconnection of the balance contact and the contact piece;
or the balance rod position detection component comprises magnetic steel and a Hall element capable of sensing the magnetic steel, one of the magnetic steel and the Hall element is arranged on the balance rod, the other one of the magnetic steel and the Hall element is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the balance rod, and the liquid level sensor is controlled to act by detecting the position of the balance rod.
3. The automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the tubules is provided, and the top of the tubule is opened or a second electromagnetic valve is provided at the top of the tubule.
4. The automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity according to claim 1, wherein graduation marks are provided on the tubule, and further comprising a windbreak glass cover and a bird preventing net provided on the outside.
5. The automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity according to claim 1, wherein a balance weight is provided at an end of the balance rod corresponding to the tubule, or both ends of the balance rod are provided with balance weights;
the lower part of the support is provided with a supporting table, and the bottom of the supporting table is provided with travelling wheels and leveling support legs.
6. The automatic measurement device of evaporation capacity according to claim 1, further comprising a solar panel or a battery electrically connected to the control and data acquisition module.
7. The automatic measuring device for evaporation capacity according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the evaporation pan and the cross-sectional area of the tubule are 1:100-1: 10000.
8. an automatic measurement method of evaporation amount, characterized by using the automatic measurement device of evaporation amount according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to automatically measure evaporation amount, comprising the steps of:
assembling the automatic measuring device of the evaporation capacity, and respectively adding measuring base materials and water into the evaporating dish and the thin tube to finish the leveling of the balance rod;
reading initial data of a liquid level sensor and recording;
controlling the electromagnetic valve to drain water according to the set data reading interval time of the control and data acquisition module until the balance rod is restored to balance, reading the liquid level data of the liquid level sensor at the moment, and recording;
and finishing and recording data acquisition and recording of the liquid level sensor for a plurality of times, and obtaining the data information of the evaporation capacity.
CN201811183577.5A 2018-10-11 2018-10-11 Automatic measuring method and device for evaporation capacity Active CN109186704B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110898446B (en) * 2019-12-10 2023-04-25 南京林业大学 Dual-mode measurement large-scale evaporator

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CN2109072U (en) * 1992-01-15 1992-07-08 温奶桃 Automatic humidity keeping watering mechanism
CN2152214Y (en) * 1993-04-29 1994-01-05 黑龙江省水利科学研究所 Weighing type measuring instrument for soil water content evapouration and distribution
CN2667484Y (en) * 2004-01-05 2004-12-29 郑州易科电力技术有限责任公司 Automatic evaporating and concentrating apparatus of liquid sample for chemical analysis
CN202126378U (en) * 2011-06-23 2012-01-25 吉林省水土保持科学研究院 Soil moisture transpiration and leakage measurement device
CN202649069U (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-01-02 西安理工大学 High-precision lever type weighing lysimeter system based on spring balance
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CN204086063U (en) * 2014-07-29 2015-01-07 西安清远测控技术有限公司 Lever soil lysimeter system
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CN204964784U (en) * 2015-07-30 2016-01-13 重庆通昊机动车配件有限公司 Full -automatic water surface evaporation ware
CN208688608U (en) * 2018-10-11 2019-04-02 华北水利水电大学 Evaporation capacity self-operated measuring unit

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