CN109182729B - Vibration aging system based on variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology - Google Patents

Vibration aging system based on variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology Download PDF

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CN109182729B
CN109182729B CN201811050293.9A CN201811050293A CN109182729B CN 109182729 B CN109182729 B CN 109182729B CN 201811050293 A CN201811050293 A CN 201811050293A CN 109182729 B CN109182729 B CN 109182729B
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顾邦平
王思淇
钱至成
胡雄
严小兰
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Abstract

The vibration aging system based on the variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology comprises an upper computer system, a D/A converter, a frequency converter, a speed-adjustable motor, a strain sensor, a dynamic strain gauge, a data acquisition card and a supporting device; the vibration exciter is fixed on the surface of a component, and the component is supported by adopting an elastic supporting device; the excitation signal output by the upper computer system is input to the frequency converter through the D/A converter, so as to drive the adjustable speed motor to generate vibration; the strain sensor is stuck on the component, the outgoing line of the strain sensor is connected with the input end of the dynamic strain gauge, and the output end of the dynamic strain gauge is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card; the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the upper computer system. The invention has the advantages of improving the efficiency of vibration aging treatment and obtaining ideal effect of eliminating residual stress by vibration aging.

Description

Vibration aging system based on variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration aging, in particular to a vibration aging system based on variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology.
Technical Field
How to eliminate the residual stress in the processing and manufacturing process of the component is an important research topic in the field of mechanical manufacturing industry. The traditional residual stress eliminating method is mainly a thermal aging technology, however, the defects of the thermal aging technology in application mainly comprise high energy consumption, long aging treatment time, expensive heat treatment equipment, difficult field operation and easy environmental pollution. The vibration aging technology has the characteristics of good treatment effect, short treatment time, small environmental pollution, low energy consumption, easy field operation and the like, and belongs to an efficient energy-saving green environment-friendly aging treatment technology; vibration aging technology has the potential to replace traditional thermal aging technology in the twenty-first century. Therefore, the method has important theoretical significance and engineering application value for developing and researching the vibration aging technology. The most widely applied vibration aging system in the market at present adopts a speed-adjustable motor as a vibration exciter, and the system adopts a controller to control a signal generator to output an excitation signal so as to realize the variable frequency speed regulation of the speed-adjustable motor. When the system is adopted to carry out sweep frequency vibration on the component to determine the excitation frequency, continuous variable frequency speed regulation can not be carried out on the speed-adjustable motor, and the efficiency of vibration aging treatment is reduced. In addition, the vibration aging system applied to the market at present adopts a traditional sweep frequency method to determine the vibration aging excitation frequency, and the residual stress distribution state of the component is not considered, so that the determined vibration aging excitation frequency is not beneficial to obtaining the ideal effect of eliminating the residual stress by vibration aging. In the development of vibration aging experiments, the acceleration level of a component is generally used to evaluate the excitation stress acting on the component. Although the acceleration stage can be used to characterize the magnitude of the vibration energy acting on the component, the excitation stress acting on the component cannot be directly derived from the acceleration stage. The vibration exciting time is determined mainly according to the weight of an aging component or vibration response in the vibration aging treatment process of the aging component, when the acceleration curve is flattened after rising, is lowered after rising, is flattened and the like, the vibration aging treatment is continued for 3-5 min, and the accumulated vibration aging treatment time is generally not longer than 40min.
In summary, when the conventional vibration aging system is used for carrying out vibration aging treatment on the component, great subjectivity exists in formulating process parameters, so that the vibration aging technology is inevitably caused to have an unsatisfactory residual stress eliminating effect in application. In order to improve the efficiency of vibration aging treatment and obtain the ideal effect of eliminating residual stress by vibration aging, the invention provides a vibration aging system based on variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the efficiency of vibration aging treatment and obtain the ideal effect of eliminating residual stress by vibration aging, the invention provides a vibration aging system based on variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology.
The vibration aging system based on the variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology comprises an upper computer system, a D/A converter, a frequency converter, a speed-adjustable motor, a strain sensor, a dynamic strain gauge, a data acquisition card and a supporting device; the vibration exciter is fixed on the surface of a component, and the component is supported by adopting an elastic supporting device; the excitation signal output by the upper computer system is input to the frequency converter through the D/A converter, so as to drive the adjustable speed motor to generate vibration; the strain sensor is stuck on the component, the outgoing line of the strain sensor is connected with the input end of the dynamic strain gauge, and the output end of the dynamic strain gauge is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card; the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the upper computer system.
Further, the upper computer system comprises a strain peak value extraction module for extracting a strain peak value epsilon (mu epsilon) from a strain waveform, a component elastic modulus setting module, a finite element numerical simulation module, an excitation frequency determining module, an excitation time determining module, an excitation vibration stress determining module, a relative position setting module of an exciter and a component, a relative position setting module of a supporting device and the component, and a relative position setting module of a strain sensor and the component.
Further, the supporting device is an elastic element.
Further, ANSYS finite element software is installed in the finite element numerical simulation module, a three-dimensional finite element model of the component is built by adopting the software, and the actual processing and manufacturing process of the component is simulated to obtain the surface residual stress distribution state of the component; carrying out numerical mode analysis on the component to obtain the inherent frequencies and harmonic frequencies of each order of the component and the vibration modes corresponding to the inherent frequencies and the harmonic frequencies of each order; and determining a region with larger vibration energy distribution on each order of vibration mode.
Further, the excitation frequency determining module determines the vibration mode of which the peak residual stress distribution area is consistent with the area with larger vibration energy distribution according to the surface residual stress distribution state of the component, and the frequency corresponding to the vibration mode is the optimized vibration aging excitation frequency f i I=1, 2, the terms, n, wherein n is a positive integer.
Specifically, a group of preferred vibration aging excitation frequencies are determined according to the surface residual stress distribution state of the component and the vibration mode of the component, and then the component is subjected to vibration aging treatment under each preferred excitation frequency, so that larger residual stress distributed in each area on the component can be eliminated, the surface of the component is enabled to obtain a relatively uniform residual stress distribution state, and the overall usability of the component is improved.
Further, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component are based on the vibration exciting frequency f i Determining the positions of vibration peaks and vibration nodes of the components according to the corresponding vibration modes; fixing the adjustable speed motor at the vibration peak position of the component; supporting the component by adopting an elastic supporting device at the vibration node of the component so as to excite the component by the adjustable-speed motor; and pasting a strain sensor at the peak residual stress of the component.
Specifically, when the pair member is at the excitation frequency f 1 When the fixed-frequency vibration aging treatment is carried out, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component are used for adjusting the vibration exciting frequency according to the vibration exciting frequency f 1 Determining the positions of vibration peaks and vibration nodes of the components according to the corresponding vibration modes; fixing the adjustable speed motor at the vibration peak position of the component; supporting the component by adopting an elastic supporting device at the vibration node of the component so as to excite the component by the adjustable-speed motor; and pasting a strain sensor at the peak residual stress of the component. At the excitation frequency f 1 After the lower vibration aging treatment is finished, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component are used for adjusting the vibration exciting frequency f 2 The corresponding vibration mode determines the relative positions of the vibration exciter, the supporting device and the strain sensor and the component. At the excitation frequency f 2 After the lower vibration aging treatment is finished, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component correspond to each other according to the next vibration excitation frequencyIs correspondingly operated until all the excitation frequencies f i Until the execution is completed.
Further, the vibration stress determining module obtains the vibration stress acting on the component according to the component elastic modulus E (GPa) preset in the component elastic modulus setting module and the strain peak value epsilon (mu epsilon) extracted in the strain peak value extracting module
Figure BDA0001794371270000031
Wherein sigma d The vibration stress is determined during vibration aging according to the yield strength, the fatigue limit and the peak residual stress of the component.
Specifically, the basis of the vibration stress generated by the adjustable speed motor during vibration aging treatment of the component is that the sum of the amplitude of the vibration stress generated by the adjustable speed motor and the peak residual stress obtained by numerical simulation analysis is larger than the yield strength of the component, and the amplitude of the vibration stress generated by the adjustable speed motor is smaller than the fatigue limit of the component.
Further, the excitation time determining module obtains peak values of the strain signals at intervals of Δt, and when the peak values of the strain signals remain unchanged, vibration aging treatment is stopped on the component.
Specifically, the component is subjected to a definite excitation frequency f 1 When the fixed-frequency vibration aging treatment is carried out, the peak value of the strain signal is obtained by taking deltat time as an interval, and when the peak value of the strain signal is kept unchanged, the excitation frequency output by the upper computer system is f 2 The vibration exciting signal of the adjustable speed motor drives the adjustable speed motor to perform vibration aging treatment on the component until the optimized vibration aging exciting frequency is executed.
Further, the interval Δt is 1min.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: the vibration aging system based on the variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology is composed of an upper computer system, a D/A converter, a frequency converter, an adjustable speed motor, a strain sensor, a dynamic strain gauge, a data acquisition card and a supporting device, the variable frequency speed regulation mode is adopted to realize continuous speed regulation of the adjustable speed motor, meanwhile, the numerical simulation technology is adopted to determine technological parameters during vibration aging treatment, and the ideal effect of eliminating residual stress through vibration aging can be obtained.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. when the vibration aging system based on the variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology is adopted to perform vibration aging treatment on the components, the upper computer system is used for controlling, so that the workload is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
2. The invention adopts a frequency conversion speed regulation mode to realize continuous speed regulation of the speed-adjustable motor, and improves the efficiency of vibration aging treatment.
3. The invention adopts a numerical simulation technology to determine the technological parameters of vibration aging treatment, which is beneficial to obtaining the ideal effect of eliminating residual stress by vibration aging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vibration aging system based on variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation techniques.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the vibration aging system based on the variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology comprises an upper computer system, a D/A converter, a frequency converter, a speed-adjustable motor, a strain sensor, a dynamic strain gauge, a data acquisition card and a supporting device; the vibration exciter is fixed on the surface of a component, and the component is supported by adopting an elastic supporting device; the excitation signal output by the upper computer system is input to the frequency converter through the D/A converter, so as to drive the adjustable speed motor to generate vibration; the strain sensor is stuck on the component, the outgoing line of the strain sensor is connected with the input end of the dynamic strain gauge, and the output end of the dynamic strain gauge is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card; the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the upper computer system.
Further, the upper computer system comprises a strain peak value extraction module for extracting a strain peak value epsilon (mu epsilon) from a strain waveform, a component elastic modulus setting module, a finite element numerical simulation module, an excitation frequency determining module, an excitation time determining module, an excitation vibration stress determining module, a relative position setting module of an exciter and a component, a relative position setting module of a supporting device and the component, and a relative position setting module of a strain sensor and the component.
Further, the supporting device is an elastic element.
Further, ANSYS finite element software is installed in the finite element numerical simulation module, a three-dimensional finite element model of the component is built by adopting the software, and the actual processing and manufacturing process of the component is simulated to obtain the surface residual stress distribution state of the component; carrying out numerical mode analysis on the component to obtain the inherent frequencies and harmonic frequencies of each order of the component and the vibration modes corresponding to the inherent frequencies and the harmonic frequencies of each order; and determining a region with larger vibration energy distribution on each order of vibration mode.
Further, the excitation frequency determining module determines the vibration mode of which the peak residual stress distribution area is consistent with the area with larger vibration energy distribution according to the surface residual stress distribution state of the component, and the frequency corresponding to the vibration mode is the optimized vibration aging excitation frequency f i I=1, 2, the terms, n, wherein n is a positive integer.
Specifically, a group of preferred vibration aging excitation frequencies are determined according to the surface residual stress distribution state of the component and the vibration mode of the component, and then the component is subjected to vibration aging treatment under each preferred excitation frequency, so that larger residual stress distributed in each area on the component can be eliminated, the surface of the component is enabled to obtain a relatively uniform residual stress distribution state, and the overall usability of the component is improved.
Further, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component are based on the vibration exciting frequency f i Determining the positions of vibration peaks and vibration nodes of the components according to the corresponding vibration modes; fixing the adjustable speed motor at the vibration peak position of the component; supporting the component by adopting an elastic supporting device at the vibration node of the component so as to excite the component by the adjustable-speed motor;and pasting a strain sensor at the peak residual stress of the component.
Specifically, when the pair member is at the excitation frequency f 1 When the fixed-frequency vibration aging treatment is carried out, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component are used for adjusting the vibration exciting frequency according to the vibration exciting frequency f 1 Determining the positions of vibration peaks and vibration nodes of the components according to the corresponding vibration modes; fixing the adjustable speed motor at the vibration peak position of the component; supporting the component by adopting an elastic supporting device at the vibration node of the component so as to excite the component by the adjustable-speed motor; and pasting a strain sensor at the peak residual stress of the component. At the excitation frequency f 1 After the lower vibration aging treatment is finished, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component are used for adjusting the vibration exciting frequency f 2 The corresponding vibration mode determines the relative positions of the vibration exciter, the supporting device and the strain sensor and the component. At the excitation frequency f 2 After the lower vibration aging treatment is finished, the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting module of the strain sensor and the component can perform corresponding operation according to the vibration mode corresponding to the next vibration excitation frequency until all the vibration excitation frequencies f i Until the execution is completed.
Further, the vibration stress determining module obtains the vibration stress acting on the component according to the component elastic modulus E (GPa) preset in the component elastic modulus setting module and the strain peak value epsilon (mu epsilon) extracted in the strain peak value extracting module
Figure BDA0001794371270000061
Wherein sigma d The vibration stress is determined during vibration aging according to the yield strength, the fatigue limit and the peak residual stress of the component.
Specifically, the basis of the vibration stress generated by the adjustable speed motor during vibration aging treatment of the component is that the sum of the amplitude of the vibration stress generated by the adjustable speed motor and the peak residual stress obtained by numerical simulation analysis is larger than the yield strength of the component, and the amplitude of the vibration stress generated by the adjustable speed motor is smaller than the fatigue limit of the component.
Further, the excitation time determining module obtains peak values of the strain signals at intervals of Δt, and when the peak values of the strain signals remain unchanged, vibration aging treatment is stopped on the component.
Specifically, the component is subjected to a definite excitation frequency f 1 When the fixed-frequency vibration aging treatment is carried out, the peak value of the strain signal is obtained by taking deltat time as an interval, and when the peak value of the strain signal is kept unchanged, the excitation frequency output by the upper computer system is f 2 The vibration exciting signal of the adjustable speed motor drives the adjustable speed motor to perform vibration aging treatment on the component until the optimized vibration aging exciting frequency is executed.
Further, the interval Δt is 1min.
The embodiments described in the present specification are merely examples of implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the scope of protection of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments, and the scope of protection of the present invention and equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims (7)

1. The vibration aging system based on the variable-frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology comprises an upper computer system, a D/A converter, a frequency converter, a speed-adjustable motor, a strain sensor, a dynamic strain gauge, a data acquisition card and a supporting device; the vibration exciter is fixed on the surface of a component, and the component is supported by adopting an elastic supporting device; the excitation signal output by the upper computer system is input to the frequency converter through the D/A converter, so as to drive the adjustable speed motor to generate vibration; the strain sensor is stuck on the component, the outgoing line of the strain sensor is connected with the input end of the dynamic strain gauge, and the output end of the dynamic strain gauge is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card; the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the upper computer system;
the upper computer system comprises a strain peak value extraction module for extracting a strain peak value epsilon (mu epsilon) from a strain waveform, a component elastic modulus setting module, a finite element numerical simulation module, an excitation frequency determining module, an excitation time determining module, an excitation stress determining module, a relative position setting module of an exciter and a component, a relative position setting module of a supporting device and the component, and a relative position setting module of a strain sensor and the component;
the finite element numerical simulation module is provided with ANSYS finite element software, a three-dimensional finite element model of the component is built by adopting the software, and the actual processing and manufacturing process of the component is simulated to obtain the surface residual stress distribution state of the component; carrying out numerical mode analysis on the component to obtain the inherent frequencies and harmonic frequencies of each order of the component and the vibration modes corresponding to the inherent frequencies and the harmonic frequencies of each order; and determining a region with larger vibration energy distribution on each order of vibration mode.
2. The vibration aging system based on variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the supporting device is an elastic element.
3. The vibration aging system based on variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the excitation frequency determining module determines the vibration mode of which the peak residual stress distribution area is consistent with the area with larger vibration energy distribution according to the surface residual stress distribution state of the component, and the frequency corresponding to the vibration mode is the optimized vibration aging excitation frequency f i I=1, 2, …, n, where n is a positive integer.
4. The vibration aging system based on variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the relative position setting module of the vibration exciter and the component, the relative position setting module of the supporting device and the component and the relative position setting of the strain sensor and the componentThe module is based on the excitation frequency f i Determining the positions of vibration peaks and vibration nodes of the components according to the corresponding vibration modes; fixing the adjustable speed motor at the vibration peak position of the component; supporting the component by adopting an elastic supporting device at the vibration node of the component so as to excite the component by the adjustable-speed motor; and pasting a strain sensor at the peak residual stress of the component.
5. The vibration aging system based on variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the vibration stress determining module obtains the vibration stress acting on the component according to the elastic modulus E (GPa) of the component preset in the component elastic modulus setting module and the strain peak value epsilon (mu epsilon) extracted in the strain peak value extracting module
Figure FDA0004213936840000021
Wherein sigma d The vibration stress is determined during vibration aging according to the yield strength, the fatigue limit and the peak residual stress of the component.
6. The vibration aging system based on variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and the excitation time determining module takes delta t time as an interval to acquire the peak value of the strain signal, and when the peak value of the strain signal is kept unchanged, the vibration aging treatment is stopped on the component.
7. The vibration aging system based on variable frequency speed regulation and numerical simulation technology as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the interval time delta t is 1min.
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