CN109175051B - Method for forming three-dimensional curved surface by mould-free multi-point spinning - Google Patents
Method for forming three-dimensional curved surface by mould-free multi-point spinning Download PDFInfo
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- CN109175051B CN109175051B CN201810951900.2A CN201810951900A CN109175051B CN 109175051 B CN109175051 B CN 109175051B CN 201810951900 A CN201810951900 A CN 201810951900A CN 109175051 B CN109175051 B CN 109175051B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning, which can realize the forming of a complex three-dimensional curved surface of a plate efficiently, simply and at low cost. The plate is formed between an upper forming multi-point die and a lower forming spinning steel ball and is subjected to spinning forming. In the multi-point spinning forming step, the plate is fixed by the blank holder and is spun by the multi-point die on the plate and the cluster steel balls on the lower surface of the plate. The spinning steel balls randomly occupy positions in the spinning bin, and along with plastic deformation of the plate, in order to keep the cluster steel balls always in contact with the plate and generate enough pressure, the steel balls randomly fill vacant positions generated due to the plastic deformation of the plate. The curved surface multi-point spinning method can cause different compression ratios of different parts of the plate in the same cross section in the width direction, so that each point of the plate in the width direction longitudinally extends unevenly, and the plate is further subjected to plastic deformation in the spinning process, thereby realizing three-dimensional curved surface forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material forming, relates to a metal material cold forming processing technology, and particularly relates to a dieless multipoint spinning curved surface forming technology for a plate.
Background
The existing three-dimensional curved surface forming of the plate mainly adopts a die forming method, and rolling forming and non-die multipoint forming are partially applied. The die forming has the advantages of high die manufacturing and debugging cost and long cycle. And the large-scale die and the heavy-duty press are needed for forming the three-dimensional curved surface with larger size by using the die. And the abrasion of the die is serious along with the increase of the formed products in the die forming of the plate, so that the forming precision of the products is insufficient. The mold forming method has long processing period, needs a large amount of manpower and material resources, cannot meet the requirements of small-batch or individual production, is not practical particularly in a mode of adopting a mold for a three-dimensional curved surface part, has high mold manufacturing cost, and can cause mold waste in the later period. If the manual forming mode is adopted, the processing precision is low, the labor intensity is high, the production efficiency is low, and the forming quality is difficult to ensure. With the development of science and technology, the requirements on the shape of the formed plate are more and more complex, in the prior art, the traditional die device can realize stamping, bending, bulging and the like, and the forming of a complex curved surface is difficult to realize. The rolling has advantages for forming simple curved surfaces such as cylinders and cones for the plate, but the forming of a true three-dimensional curved surface is difficult to realize. The three-dimensional flexible coiled plate processing method can form a three-dimensional curved surface, but the formed working rollers are discretely arranged, so that the surface quality of the formed plate is poor, and the application and development of the plate are limited. The single-point roller spinning plate can be used for forming a three-dimensional curved surface piece, but the forming precision is not high, the plate rotates along with a die, scratches are generated at the contact position of the plate and the roller, and the production efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-less multipoint spinning, which can efficiently, easily and inexpensively form a complicated three-dimensional curved surface of a plate material. The plate is formed between an upper forming multi-point die and a lower forming spinning steel ball and is subjected to spinning forming. In the multi-point spinning forming step, the plate is fixed by the blank holder and is spun by the multi-point die on the plate and the cluster steel balls on the lower surface of the plate. The spinning steel balls randomly occupy positions in the spinning bin, and along with plastic deformation of the plate, in order to keep the cluster steel balls always in contact with the plate and generate enough pressure, the steel balls randomly fill vacant positions generated due to the plastic deformation of the plate. The curved surface multi-point spinning method can cause different compression ratios of different parts of the plate in the same cross section in the width direction, so that each point of the plate in the width direction longitudinally extends unevenly, and the plate is further subjected to plastic deformation in the spinning process, thereby realizing three-dimensional curved surface forming.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning comprises the following steps of carrying out multipoint spinning processing on a metal plate blank 1 on a spinning machine, installing the metal plate blank 1 on the spinning machine through a multipoint die 3 and cluster steel balls 2, driving a stirring device 5 by a motor 6 to stir the cluster steel balls 2 of a spinning bin 4, and adjusting the shape of the multipoint die downwards by a hydraulic pressure 7 at the same time, so as to achieve uniform spinning forming of the metal plate blank 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting a blank: the blank is a metal plate blank, namely a metal plate blank 1 is cut out, and the area size of the cut-out metal plate blank is 200mm multiplied by 200 mm;
s2, opening the mold: at the moment, the hydraulic rod 7 for controlling multiple points is adjusted back to the initial position, and the nut for fixing the blank holder 9 is loosened;
s3, clamping the plate blank: and (3) placing the plate blank 1 on a spinning machine, respectively pressing the metal plate blank up and down by the edge pressing ring 9, and locking the nut. Then adjusting the hydraulic rod 7 on the plate blank 1 to make the lower ends of the hydraulically controlled multiple points contact the upper surface of the metal plate blank 1; and then the hydraulic rod 8 for controlling the upper and lower positions of the stirring wheel 5 is adjusted upwards to enable the steel balls 2 in the spinning bin to contact the lower surface of the metal plate blank 11. The diameter of the steel ball is 5-10mm, and the depth of the steel ball 2 in the spinning bin 4 exceeds the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the multi-point forming die curved surface;
s4, spinning forming: after the plate blank 1 is fixedly clamped and the upper multipoint 3 and the lower steel ball 2 are well contacted with the metal plate blank 1, a spinning and stirring motor 6 is started, the steel ball 2 starts to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise in a reciprocating mode under the control of a program according to a set rotating speed, and the clockwise and anticlockwise rotation can be two circles. The upper hydraulic pressure 7 presses the sheet metal blank 1 downwards under program control, and the points 3 that finally touch the sheet metal blank 1 are adjusted to the shape of the target die, depending on the displacement of each point downwards, which is different from the shape of the final die. The clustered steel balls 2 spin the metal plate blank 1 according to the stirring direction of the motor 6, so that the steel balls 2 are forced to spin and deform a processed piece, the hydraulic rod 8 at the position of the stirring wheel is controlled to move downwards along with the reduction of the volume of the spinning bin during spinning, the volume of the spinning bin is always kept constant, and therefore the plastic forming of edge pressing spinning of the metal plate blank 1 is achieved, and finally the plate blank 1 is attached to the die 3 which is adjusted out at multiple points, so that the plate blank is formed into a semi-finished product;
s5, trimming edges: trimming the rough edges of the semi-finished product obtained by spinning to smooth the edges of the semi-finished product;
s6, subsequent processing: machining and surface treating the semi-finished product to achieve the desired product.
The steel balls 2 are distributed on the metal plate blank 1 in a nonlinear manner.
The metal plate blank 1 is fixed and fastened, and the spinning steel balls 2 pass through the surface of the metal plate blank 1 from the surface of the metal plate blank 1 along the rotating direction.
The stress directions corresponding to the upper side part and the lower side part of the metal plate blank 1 are different, the stress direction of multipoint contact of the upper side part is a shear stress direction, the steel ball at the other side is a main stress direction to the metal plate blank 1, in addition, the main stress value between the upper side part and the other side part is different in the axial direction of the metal plate blank 1, the upper side stress value is larger than the stress value at the lower side, so that the metal plate blank 1 is subjected to plastic deformation, the values of the upper side stress value and the lower side stress value are all in nonlinear change, in the process that the metal plate blank 1 is spun from the middle of the multipoint steel ball and the steel ball, the value of the side part with the larger upper side pressure value is gradually reduced, and the pressure value of the steel ball at the lower side.
The spinning steel balls are controlled to be distributed along the metal plate blank 1 in a shape of being adjusted out at multiple points, and the shape of the die is an irregular curved surface shape.
The steel balls change in real time in the step of forming the metal plate blank 1, the vacant positions are always filled, and the multiple points also change in real time in the process of forming the metal plate blank 1.
The forming steel balls rotate along the arc line revolving body of the bus.
The sheet metal blank 1 is a sheet material having ductility and suitable for plastic working.
The metal plate blank 1 is a metal plate with good plasticity and high strength, or one of composite material plates.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the multi-point spinning forming method provided by the invention can simply, efficiently and low-cost realize the three-dimensional curved surface forming of the plate, and solves the problems of low forming precision and low production efficiency in the prior art.
Drawings
The following is a brief description of what is expressed in the various figures of the specification and the labels in the figures:
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a process provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a clamped plate, a blank holder and cluster steel balls according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-point spinning mechanism for manufacturing a plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a semi-finished sheet material according to the present invention;
names of labels in the figure: 1. the device comprises a metal plate blank, 2 parts of a steel ball, 3 parts of a spinning multi-point die, 4 parts of a spinning bin, 5 parts of a stirring wheel, 6 parts of a motor, 7 parts of a hydraulic rod for controlling the multi-point die, 8 parts of a hydraulic rod for controlling the position of the stirring wheel, 9 parts of a blank holder.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-less multipoint spinning, which is implemented by performing multipoint spinning on a metal plate blank 1 on a spinning machine, wherein the metal plate blank 1 is mounted on the spinning machine through a multipoint die 3 and cluster steel balls 2, a motor 6 is used for driving a stirring device 5 to stir the cluster steel balls 2 of a spinning bin 4, and simultaneously a hydraulic pressure 7 is used for adjusting the shape of the multipoint die downwards, so as to achieve uniform spinning forming of the metal plate blank 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting a blank: the blank is a metal plate blank, namely a metal plate blank 1 is cut out, and the area size of the cut-out metal plate blank is 200mm multiplied by 200 mm;
s2, opening the mold: at the moment, the hydraulic rod 7 for controlling multiple points is adjusted back to the initial position, and the nut for fixing the blank holder 9 is loosened;
s3, clamping the plate blank: and (3) placing the plate blank 1 on a spinning machine, respectively pressing the metal plate blank up and down by the edge pressing ring 9, and locking the nut. Then adjusting a hydraulic rod 7 on the metal plate blank 1 to enable the lower ends of multiple hydraulically controlled points to contact the upper surface of the metal plate blank 1; and then the hydraulic rod 8 for controlling the upper and lower positions of the stirring wheel 5 is adjusted upwards to enable the steel balls 2 in the spinning bin to contact the lower surface of the metal plate blank 11. The diameter of the steel ball is 5-10mm, and the depth of the steel ball 2 in the spinning bin 4 exceeds the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the multi-point forming die curved surface;
s4, spinning forming: after the plate blank 1 is fixedly clamped and the upper multipoint 3 and the lower steel ball 2 are well contacted with the metal plate blank 1, a spinning and stirring motor 6 is started, the steel ball 2 starts to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise in a reciprocating mode under the control of a program according to a set rotating speed, and the clockwise and anticlockwise rotation can be two circles. The upper hydraulic pressure 7 presses the sheet metal blank 1 downwards under program control, and the points 3 that finally touch the sheet metal blank 1 are adjusted to the shape of the target die, depending on the displacement of each point downwards, which is different from the shape of the final die. The clustered steel balls 2 spin the metal plate blank 1 according to the stirring direction of the motor 6, so that the steel balls 2 are forced to spin and deform a processed piece, the hydraulic rod 8 at the position of the stirring wheel is controlled to move downwards along with the reduction of the volume of the spinning bin during spinning, the volume of the spinning bin is always kept constant, and therefore the plastic forming of edge pressing spinning of the metal plate blank 1 is achieved, and finally the plate blank 1 is attached to the die 3 which is adjusted out at multiple points, so that the plate blank is formed into a semi-finished product;
s5, trimming edges: trimming the rough edges of the semi-finished product obtained by spinning to smooth the edges of the semi-finished product;
s6, subsequent processing: machining and surface treating the semi-finished product to achieve the desired product. Through the process flow, the plate spinning piece meeting the requirements is obtained.
In addition, in the curved surface die-free multipoint spinning method for three-dimensionally forming the curved surface of the plate, the multipoint die is a die-free multipoint die, is controlled by the hydraulic rod at the upper part, and can be adjusted in height up and down. The height of the up-and-down adjustment is specifically adjusted according to the shape of the required die, and the process from no die to die is realized. The manufacturing of the die and the process of replacing the die are saved.
The upper part is the upper part of the spinning machine, and the movement of the multipoint mould is controlled by hydraulic pressure. In the curved surface die-free multi-point spinning method for forming the three-dimensional curved surface of the plate, steel balls with a certain volume, namely the cluster steel balls, are arranged in a spinning cabin at the lower part of the plate. The certain volume is determined according to the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the curved surface of the target die formed by multiple points, and the volume of the cluster steel balls arranged in the spinning bin is larger than the height difference of the curved surface die. The steel ball is generally screwed out between 5mm and 15mm in size, and the effect is best. In the curved surface die-free multi-point spinning method for carrying out three-dimensional curved surface forming on a plate, the periphery of the formed plate is clamped by a blank holder, the pressure of the blank holder is moderate, the pressure of the blank holder when the blank holder is pressed on the plate cannot be too large or too small, the plate is difficult to form due to too large pressure, the plate is easy to spin and crack, and the flow quantity from the periphery of the plate to a plastic deformation area is too large when the pressure is too small, so that the forming effect is influenced. Experiments prove that the effect is best when the nut of the blank holder is just locked.
In the curved surface die-free multipoint spinning method for forming the three-dimensional curved surface of the plate, a multipoint die on the plate is formed according to a target die under the control of a program. The movement of the cluster steel balls at the lower part of the plate is random and non-linear. By adopting the constitution, the compression ratio of the central part of the plate is larger than that of the two sides of the plate, namely the pressure of each multi-point on the plate is different from that of the spinning steel balls at the lower part of the plate, so that the extension of the central part of the plate is larger than that of the two sides of the plate, and the plate becomes a spherical curved surface or a similar spherical curved surface in the spinning process of the clustered steel balls, thereby realizing the forming of the spherical curved surface or the similar spherical curved surface. The shape of the final formed surface depends on the adjustment of the multipoint die.
Further, in the curved surface spinning method for three-dimensionally curved surface forming a plate material, the shape of the multi-point die may be changed in real time during the spinning process. By adopting the structure, the elongation of the plate is different in different time and different areas in the forming process, so that the plate is deformed into a desired curved surface to realize the forming of the spinning curved surface. In addition, in the curved surface spinning method for forming the three-dimensional curved surface of the plate, the steel balls for forming spinning move irregularly and randomly under the stirring action of the stirring wheel driven by the motor, but the whole movement rotates regularly along with the stirring direction of the steel balls. By adopting the forming mode, when the multipoint die extrudes the plate downwards under the action of the hydraulic rod, the clustered steel balls start to rotate while extruding the plate, so that the alternating load during forming is reduced, and the forming quality is improved. Further, in the curved surface multipoint spinning method for three-dimensionally forming a plate material, the plate material is a plate-like material having ductility and suitable for plastic working. The sheet material can generate plastic deformation under the condition of ductility, and can bear certain stress, so that different deformation amounts of different areas of the sheet material are kept after forming, and the desired curved surface forming is realized. In the curved surface multi-point spinning method for three-dimensionally forming a curved surface of a plate material, the plate material may be a plate material selected from a metal plate, an alloy plate, and a composite material plate having a certain pressure resistance. In the multi-point spinning forming step, the adjustment of the multi-point die is controlled to a desired die size, and the movement of the spinning steel balls is randomly and non-linearly distributed below the plate. The multi-point spinning forming method can simply, efficiently and low-cost realize the three-dimensional curved surface forming of the plate.
Claims (8)
1. A method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multi-point spinning is characterized by comprising the following steps: carry out the multiple spot spinning to metal sheet blank (1) on the spinning-lathe, metal sheet blank (1) install on the spinning-lathe through multiple spot mould (3) and cluster steel ball (2), drive agitating unit (5) with motor (6) and control the shape of hydraulic stem (7) downward adjustment multiple spot mould of multiple spot mould when stirring cluster steel ball (2) in spinning storehouse (4), reach and evenly spin-form metal sheet blank (1), specifically do: s1, cutting a blank: the blank is a metal plate blank, namely the metal plate blank (1) is cut, and the size of the area of the cut metal plate blank (1) is 200mm multiplied by 200 mm; s2, opening the mold: at the moment, a hydraulic rod (7) for controlling the multi-point die is required to be adjusted back to the initial position, and the nut for fixing the blank holder (9) is loosened; s3, clamping the plate blank: placing the metal plate blank (1) on a spinning machine, respectively pressing the metal plate blank (1) up and down by using a blank holder (9), locking a nut, and then adjusting a hydraulic rod (7) which controls a multi-point die on the metal plate blank (1) to enable the lower end of the hydraulically-controlled multi-point die to be in contact with the upper surface of the metal plate blank (1); then, a hydraulic rod (8) for controlling the vertical position of the stirring device (5) is adjusted upwards to enable cluster steel balls (2) in the spinning bin to contact the lower surface of the metal plate blank (1), the diameter of the cluster steel balls is 5-10mm, and the depth of the cluster steel balls (2) in the spinning bin (4) exceeds the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the curved surface of the multi-point die; s4, spinning forming: after a metal plate blank (1) is fixedly clamped, an upper multipoint die (3) and a lower cluster steel ball (2) are in contact with the metal plate blank (1), a spinning and stirring motor (6) is started, the cluster steel ball (2) starts to rotate and stir in a clockwise and anticlockwise reciprocating mode under the control of a program according to a set rotating speed, the clockwise rotation and the anticlockwise rotation can be two circles, at the moment, a hydraulic rod (7) for controlling the multipoint die above presses the metal plate blank (1) downwards under the control of the program, displacement of each point moving downwards according to the shape of a final die is different, the multipoint die (3) which finally contacts the metal plate blank (1) can be adjusted to be in the shape of a target die, the cluster steel ball (2) spins the metal plate blank (1) according to the spinning direction of the motor (6), and therefore the cluster steel ball (2) is forced to spin and deform a processed part, the hydraulic rod (8) which controls the position of the stirring wheel moves downwards along with the reduction of the volume of the spinning bin during spinning, and the volume of the spinning bin is always kept constant, so that the plastic forming of edge pressing spinning of the metal plate blank (1) is achieved, and finally the metal plate blank (1) is attached to the adjusted multi-point die (3) to promote the plate blank to be formed into a semi-finished product; s5, trimming edges: trimming the rough edges of the semi-finished product obtained by spinning to smooth the edges of the semi-finished product; s6, subsequent processing: machining and surface treating the semi-finished product to obtain a desired product;
the cluster steel balls change in real time in the forming step of the metal plate blank (1) to always fill the vacant positions, the multi-point die also changes in real time in the forming process of the metal plate blank (1), and by adopting the mode, the elongation rates of the plate in different time and different areas are different in the forming process.
2. The method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning according to claim 1, wherein: the cluster steel balls (2) are distributed on the metal plate blank (1) in a nonlinear manner.
3. The method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning according to claim 1, wherein: the metal plate blank (1) is fixed and fastened, and the spinning cluster steel balls (2) pass through the surface of the metal plate blank (1) from the surface of the metal plate blank (1) along the rotating direction.
4. The method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning according to claim 1, wherein: the stress directions corresponding to the upper side part and the lower side part of the metal plate blank (1) are different, the stress direction of multipoint contact of the upper side part is a shear stress direction, the clustering steel balls on the other side are main stress directions for the metal plate blank (1), in addition, the main stress values between the upper side part and the other side part are different in the axial direction of the metal plate blank (1), the upper side stress value is larger than the lower side stress value, so that the metal plate blank (1) is subjected to plastic deformation, the values of the upper side stress value are all nonlinear change, in the process that the metal plate blank (1) is spun from the middle of the multipoint mold and the clustering steel balls, the value of the side part with the larger upper side pressure value is gradually reduced, and the pressure value of the clustering steel balls on the lower side is smaller and gradually increased.
5. The method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning according to claim 1, wherein: the steel balls of the cluster are controlled to be distributed along the metal plate blank (1) in a shape of being adjusted out at multiple points, and the shape of the multiple-point die is an irregular curved surface shape.
6. The method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning according to claim 1, wherein: the rotation of the cluster steel balls rotates along an arc line revolving body of the bus.
7. The method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning according to claim 1, wherein: the metal plate blank (1) is a plate-shaped material having ductility and suitable for plastic working.
8. The method for forming a three-dimensional curved surface by die-free multipoint spinning according to claim 1, wherein: the metal plate blank (1) is a metal plate with good plasticity and high strength or one of composite plates.
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| CN110328278B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2020-06-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large thin-wall curved surface part forming device and method |
| CN112453299B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-01-11 | 西安交通大学 | Strain-induced semi-solid multi-point die forming process for aerospace titanium alloy sheet |
| CN113020340B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2023-06-23 | 唐山宝诺实业有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant galvanized metal wire groove bending forming machining robot |
| CN114669669B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | 大连工业大学 | Curved surface stretch forming method based on cooperative movement of discrete die and clamping mechanism |
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| CN101342558B (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2011-11-23 | 吉林大学 | Sectional type multi-point shape adjusting device for three-dimensional curve generation of sheet |
| CN101559442B (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2010-12-22 | 吉林大学 | Sheet-stretching machine |
| CN101837410A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-09-22 | 重庆理工大学 | Multipoint forming die based on solid particle medium back pressure |
| CN103878228B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2016-04-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Sheet material flexible multipoint forming device |
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