CN109171671B - Vital sign detection method based on polarization conversion super-surface - Google Patents
Vital sign detection method based on polarization conversion super-surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN109171671B CN109171671B CN201810672759.2A CN201810672759A CN109171671B CN 109171671 B CN109171671 B CN 109171671B CN 201810672759 A CN201810672759 A CN 201810672759A CN 109171671 B CN109171671 B CN 109171671B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting vital signs based on a polarization conversion super-surface. The method comprises the steps of pasting a super-surface structure on the position of a human body/animal superficial artery blood vessel, transmitting electromagnetic waves to the top surface of the super-surface structure through a transmitting antenna, receiving the electromagnetic waves by a receiving antenna after polarization conversion reflection of the super-surface structure to obtain cross polarization reflection signals, collecting the frequency point with the weakest cross polarization reflection in a frequency band, and detecting human pulse vital sign signals according to the cross polarization reflection signals of the frequency point. The method of the invention improves the detection sensitivity, optimally designs the super-surface structure, and enables the reflected and transmitted linear polarized waves to be cross polarized electromagnetic waves, thereby greatly inhibiting the interference of the co-polarized electromagnetic waves at the receiving end and improving the detection precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a vital sign detection method in the technical field of microwave frequency band electromagnetic wave regulation and control, and particularly relates to a vital sign detection method based on a polarization conversion super-surface.
Background
Metamaterials are generally defined as artificial composite structures having a periodic or aperiodic arrangement of macroscopic fundamental units of a particular geometry that imparts extraordinary electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials. Two-dimensional metamaterials, i.e., metamaterials, have thicknesses much smaller than the wavelength. The super surface can flexibly control the electromagnetic wave by changing the geometric shape of the array resonance unit.
Polarization is an important property of electromagnetic waves, and refers to the direction of electric field oscillation transverse to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. In order to control the polarization state, researchers have proposed many devices based on natural materials, such as molecules with helical structures, twisted nematic liquid crystals. However, these methods tend to have the disadvantages of large volume, narrow bandwidth, response affected by the incident angle, and the like. The super surface has many regularly arranged sub-wavelength resonance units, which are called Meta-atom, and are equivalent to atoms or molecules in traditional natural materials, so that the polarization converter can be miniaturized and attracts the attention of researchers.
In the field of vital sign detection, the traditional method is that a human body is closely connected with an instrument detector for measurement, and the action of the human body is influenced; the second method is that the human body wears an active sensing circuit to measure, and the monitoring time is influenced by the electric power of the wearing equipment; the third method is a completely passive optical and electromagnetic remote anthropometric measurement, and the measurement accuracy drops rapidly with increasing measurement distance. Therefore, the passive detection device for applying on the surface of the human body is provided, which does not need to acquire energy to drive an active circuit, can acquire stronger detected vital sign signals under incident detection waves with lower intensity, and thus can have longer detection distance and higher detection precision.
The method is characterized in that a super-surface structure is attached to the surface of a human body, when the human body is subjected to vital sign detection such as pulse and the like, the resonance frequency of the super-surface is influenced by surrounding media, and the vital signs are detected by utilizing the relation between the diameter of a blood vessel and the resonance frequency. The precision of the electromagnetic remote measurement is greatly improved. In addition, the surface area of the vital sign detector is relatively small, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are easy to couple, and the interference of the co-polarized electromagnetic wave is also serious. Generally, for a linearly polarized wave, if the polarization of the receiving antenna is changed to be orthogonal to the polarization of the incident radio wave, interference can be suppressed to a large extent, and detection accuracy can be improved to a large extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a novel vital sign detection method based on the polarization conversion super-surface, which has the advantages of high detection precision, easily obtained raw materials, simple overall structure, light weight, micro size and easiness in processing.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of pasting a super-surface structure on the position of an artery blood vessel on the superficial surface of a human body/animal, transmitting electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency band to the top surface of the super-surface structure through a transmitting antenna, receiving the electromagnetic waves by a receiving antenna after polarization conversion reflection of the super-surface structure to obtain cross polarization reflection signals, collecting the frequency point with the weakest cross polarization reflection in the frequency band, and detecting human pulse vital sign signals according to the cross polarization reflection signals of the frequency point.
The invention takes the superficial surface of human body/animal as medium, and the medium characteristic of the superficial surface of human body/animal which is pasted by the super surface structure is the characteristic of weakening the reflected signal for electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency band. In the biological tissue of the superficial surface of the human body/animal, due to the pulse, the subcutaneous artery blood vessel at the application position of the super-surface structure can generate the periodic change of the blood density and the blood vessel size, the frequency point with the weakest reflection in the reflected signal at the receiving antenna end can also change periodically, the periodic change characteristic of the frequency is extracted, and the detection of the vital sign signal of the pulse of the human body is carried out.
The frequency band of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the invention is 5GHz-10 GHz.
The transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna adopt different polarization modes, and the super-surface structure converts the same polarization of transmitting signals of the transmitting antenna into cross polarization of reflected signals of the receiving antenna.
The method comprises the steps of processing a reflection signal to obtain a frequency point with the weakest reflection in a frequency band, specifically processing a vector network analyzer with a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna connected at two ports to obtain cross polarization reflection coefficients of each frequency point, and selecting the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient as the frequency point with the weakest cross polarization reflection.
The super-surface structure is a polarization conversion super-surface and is formed by metal units which are periodically and tightly arranged, the size of each metal unit is the sub-wavelength size of the working wavelength, each metal unit comprises a layer of dielectric substrate and two layers of metal patches which are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, the top surface metal patches of the dielectric substrate are rectangular metal rings with notches etched, and the two sides of each rectangular metal ring are symmetrically provided with the same notches; the bottom surface metal patches of the dielectric substrate are metal grid bars which are uniformly distributed at intervals, gaps between the adjacent metal grid bars are the same, and the width of each metal grid bar is the same.
The metal patch on the top surface of the dielectric substrate receives a transmission signal from the transmission antenna, and the metal patch on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate receives a reflection signal from the reception antenna.
When linearly polarized electromagnetic waves of a TE mode or a TM mode in air enter the top surface metal patch of the super-surface structure, each metal unit generates resonance, and the electromagnetic waves reflected by the metal units correspond to the TM mode or the TE mode, so that the conversion of the polarization angle is realized.
The working wavelength of the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the super-surface structure is positioned in centimeter wave band, so that the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the super-surface structure can penetrate through most of biological epidermis to reach a superficial blood vessel region, and the biological epidermis is influenced by an electromagnetic field radiated by the super-surface.
The invention utilizes the polarization conversion realized by the super surface, thereby shielding the co-polarized electromagnetic wave interference of the transmitting end at the receiving end.
In the embodiment of the invention, the blood vessel diameter biological tissue model is established, electromagnetic waves with a certain frequency band are transmitted to the super surface at the transmitting end, and the characteristic of periodic change of the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient can be acquired at the receiving end when the vital sign changes, so that the vital sign detection is carried out.
In the invention, the human pulse vital sign signals are obtained by detecting the periodic change characteristics of the frequency points with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficients, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the forearm is horizontally placed on the desktop, the super surface is pasted on the radial side of the root part of the thumb on the palm surface, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are symmetrically placed on the radial side and the ulnar side respectively, the height of the transmitting antenna and the height of the receiving antenna are 30cm from the desktop, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are connected to a vector network analyzer with two ports, and the included angle between incident electromagnetic waves and reflected electromagnetic waves is 90 degrees.
The transmitting antenna transmits electromagnetic waves with a frequency band of 5GHz-10GHz to the super-surface structure, and cross polarization reflected signals can be displayed on a vector network analyzer after polarization conversion and reflection of the super-surface structure.
And sampling the frequency corresponding to the frequency point with the weakest reflection in the cross polarization reflection signals in real time, wherein the frequency point has periodic change characteristics during pulse, and obtaining the envelope of frequency modulation and phase modulation signals during the pulse process through post-processing to obtain the vital sign signals of the human pulse.
The invention can detect all the vital signs of animals and human beings, including the vital sign changes of biological tissues such as pulse, blood pressure, respiration, muscles and the like, and the detection methods are body surface non-invasive detection.
The invention utilizes the change of vital signs (such as pulse, blood pressure, respiration and muscle) in the biological tissue to influence the superficial surface of human body/animal near the biological tissue, so that the frequency or amplitude corresponding to the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient reflected by the polarization conversion of the super surface structure is shifted, and the frequency modulation and phase modulation signal envelope of phase change or amplitude modulation signal envelope of amplitude change can be obtained through post-processing, thereby reflecting the vital signs of the organism.
The invention can obtain more accurate and sensitive change signals by utilizing polarization conversion, thereby achieving the purposes of inhibiting interference and improving detection precision.
The invention applies the super surface structure on the position with artery blood vessel on the superficial surface of human body/animal, transmits electromagnetic wave with certain frequency band to the top surface of the super surface structure through the transmitting antenna, and obtains cross polarization reflected signal after polarization conversion reflection of the super surface structure and receiving by the receiving antenna. In superficial biological tissues of human/animal, the pulse may cause periodic blood density and blood vessel size changes in subcutaneous arterial blood vessels at the application site of the super-surface structure. The medium characteristic of the superficial surface of the human body/animal to which the super-surface structure is applied is that the super-surface structure has the characteristic of weakening a reflected signal for electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency band. Therefore, the frequency point with the weakest reflection in the frequency band can be obtained in the cross polarization reflection signal, the human pulse vital sign signal is detected according to the characteristic that the frequency point changes along with the periodicity of the pulse, the frequency modulation and phase modulation signal envelope in the pulse process can be obtained through post-processing, and the human pulse vital sign signal is obtained.
The frequency band of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the invention is 5GHz-10 GHz.
In order to improve the detection sensitivity and precision of vital sign signals, the invention optimally designs the super-surface structure, finally, the reflected and transmitted linear polarized waves are cross-polarized electromagnetic waves, and the polarization mode of the receiving antenna is changed to be different from that of the transmitting antenna, so that the interference of the co-polarized electromagnetic waves at the receiving end is greatly inhibited, the electromagnetic wave change detected by the receiving end is caused by the change of the medium applied to the super-surface, and the detection precision and the sensitivity are greatly improved.
The polarization conversion super-surface is in a working frequency band, when linearly polarized electromagnetic waves in the air are incident to the top surface of the super-surface, the super-surface can convert the incident electromagnetic waves into cross-polarized reflected electromagnetic waves and transmission electromagnetic waves. The cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave can penetrate through the metal grid bars on the bottom surface of the super surface, and the co-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave can be reflected.
The bottom layer of the polarization conversion super surface is provided with metal grid bars which are periodically arranged along the same direction. The direction of the metal grid bars is consistent with the electric field polarization direction of incident linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, and if TE waves are converted into TM waves by the super surface, the direction of the metal grid bars is the y direction; if the TM wave is converted into the TE wave, the super surface needs to be rotated to enable the direction of the metal grid bars to be the x direction.
Compared with the background technology, the invention is improved as follows:
according to the super-surface based on the method, the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient is greatly influenced by the change of a medium applied to the super-surface, the detection method has relatively high sensitivity to the environment, and the change of the blood vessel in the order of hundreds of microns causes the drift of the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient in the order of hundreds of megahertz.
The invention adopts cross polarization mode to receive at the receiving end, thereby greatly inhibiting the interference of co-polarized electromagnetic wave and ensuring the precision of the detection method.
The method is stable to the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, and when the incident angle of the actual electromagnetic wave is changed in a small range, the amplitude or frequency change of the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient is small, so that the stability and robustness of the detection method are relatively high.
The substrate material used in the invention is FR-4, the metal is copper, the raw materials are common materials in the PCB, the production process is compatible with the PCB process, and the material is light and ultrathin (2.4 mm).
The invention has small and variable structure size, can work in different frequency bands by changing the structure parameters, and has higher flexibility of the detection method.
According to the invention, the super-surface structure and size are designed and optimized, so that the reflected wave and the transmitted wave of incident linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are converted in polarization angles after passing through the super-surface structure, and by means of various characteristics of the super-surface, the method for detecting vital signs based on the polarization conversion super-surface is realized, the interference of the co-polarized electromagnetic waves is inhibited at a receiving end, and the structure is relatively insensitive to the angle change of the incident electromagnetic waves, sensitive to the surrounding medium, and greatly improves the detection precision.
The method has the advantages of relatively simple structure, ultrathin size, low cost, flexible control of the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave, and wide application prospect in the fields of biosensors, vital sign detection and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring apparatus for a detection method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a polarization converting super-surface unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of a polarization converting super-surface unit;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the angle change of the incident electromagnetic wave on the cross-polarization reflection coefficient;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of measured wrist tissue;
FIG. 6 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a human pulse wave;
FIG. 7 is a graph of cross-polarization resonance changes detected by a super-surface.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described and illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples: the present embodiment is based on the technical solution of the present invention, and the specific implementation manner and the operation flow are given, and the protection scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 1, the overall size of the super-surface structure of the embodiment of the invention is (60 × 60 × 2.4.4 mm)3). Examples include: the antenna comprises an antenna for transmitting 5GHz-10GHz TE waves, a super-surface structure and an antenna for receiving 5GHz-10GHz TM waves.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the forearm is laid on the desktop, the super surface is applied to the radial side of the root of the thumb on the palm surface, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are symmetrically placed on the radial side and the ulnar side, respectively, the height of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is 30cm from the desktop, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are both connected to a vector network analyzer with two ports, and the included angle between the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave is 90 °. The transmitting antenna transmits electromagnetic waves with a frequency band of 5GHz-10GHz to the super-surface structure, and cross polarization reflected signals can be displayed on a vector network analyzer after polarization conversion and reflection of the super-surface structure. And sampling the frequency corresponding to the frequency point with the weakest reflection in the cross polarization reflection signals in real time, wherein the frequency point has periodic change characteristics during pulse, and can indirectly reflect vital sign signals of human pulse.
The super-surface structure is a polarization conversion super-surface and specifically consists of metal units which are periodically and tightly arranged, each metal unit comprises a layer of dielectric substrate and two layers of metal patches which are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, and the top surface metal patches of the dielectric substrate are identical notches symmetrically arranged on two sides of a rectangular metal ring; the bottom surface metal patches of the dielectric substrate are metal grid bars which are uniformly distributed at intervals, gaps between every two adjacent metal grid bars are the same, and the width of each metal grid bar is the same.
As shown in FIG. 1, the top and bottom metal patches according to the present example each were a copper foil 0.035mm thick, and a dielectric substrate FR-4 having a relative dielectric constant of 4.3, a loss tangent of 0.025 and a substrate thickness of 2.4mm was used. The number of units of the super surface in the x direction and the y direction is consistent, and the number of the units is 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the structural unit of the top surface of the super-surface designed in this example is two symmetrically placed rectangular rings of etched notches that are obliquely rotated by 45 °, and the structural parameters are that the length a of the short side of each rectangular ring is 6mm, the length b of the long side of each rectangular ring minus the notch width is 5mm, the width c of each rectangular ring is 0.55mm, the gap width g between two U-shaped bars is 0.96mm, and the super-surface is closely arranged along the x and y directions with the period L of 12 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the bottom surface of the super-surface designed in this example has 5 gaps gap with a width w of 1 mm.
In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave band is set to 5GHz to 10GHz, and as shown in fig. 4, the incident electromagnetic wave is a TE wave with θ being 45 °, and the cross polarization reflection coefficient can be obtained at the receiving antenna end by using a vector network analyzer.
As shown in fig. 4, when the angle θ between the incident electromagnetic wave and the normal line is changed from 41 ° to 49 °, the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient is only reduced to a certain extent in amplitude, which is about 10dB lower, and the frequency shift is very small, which indicates that the structure designed by this example has high stability and robustness.
As shown in FIG. 5, in this example, in order to simulate the pulse process during the measurement, there was provided wrist tissue under the bottom surface of the super-surface, the area of which was the same as that of the super-surface, and which consisted of skin 1mm thick, fat 0.5mm thick, muscle 1.5mm thick, and 4 blood vessels of which the diameter was variable up to 3 mm.
As shown in fig. 6, there are five key positions in the actual human pulse wave, which are S (the start point of the arterial pulse wave): representing the aortic valve open; blood is pumped out of the left ventricle; p (pulse head wave): linear enhancement of the arterial wall caused by left ventricular ejection; t (tidal wave): reflected waves from arterioles; c (notch): at the end of the systolic phase, the valve closes; d (dicrotic wave): reflected shockwaves are formed from the impact of blood caused by aortic blood pressure on the aortic valve.
In this example implementation, as shown in fig. 7, the change in blood vessel diameter at the time of measurement represents the change in blood pressure during one pulse wave cycle. When the blood pressure rises from S to P, the diameter of the blood vessel is reduced to the lowest position, and the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient is shifted from 6.815GHz to 9.005GHz rightwards; when the blood pressure is reduced from P to T, the diameter of the blood vessel is slightly increased, and the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient is shifted from 9.005GHz to 8.685GHz leftwards; when the blood pressure is reduced from T to C, the diameter of the blood vessel continues to increase, and the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient is shifted from 8.685GHz to 7.790GHz rightwards; as blood pressure rises from C to D, the vessel diameter begins to decrease, and the frequency point at which the cross-polarized reflectance is lowest shifts from 7.790GHz to 8.155 GHz.
When the blood pressure periodically changes in the pulse process, the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient also periodically changes, when the blood pressure increases, the blood vessel contracts, the diameter of the blood vessel decreases, and the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient shifts to high frequency; when blood pressure is reduced, blood vessels relax, the diameter of the blood vessels increases, and the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient shifts to low frequency. Thus, the periodic variation of the frequency point at which the cross-polarization reflection coefficient is lowest can be correlated with the characteristics of the pulse wave. After post-processing, the envelope of the frequency modulation and phase modulation signals in the pulse process can be obtained, and the vital sign signals of the human pulse can be obtained.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and if the measured vital sign in this example of the present invention is pulse, the same can be used for measuring respiration, etc., all measurements of different vital sign indicators made according to the polarization conversion concept of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A vital sign detection method based on a polarization conversion super-surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of pasting a super-surface structure on the position with an artery blood vessel on the superficial surface of a human body/animal, transmitting electromagnetic waves to the top surface of the super-surface structure through a transmitting antenna, receiving the electromagnetic waves by a receiving antenna after polarization conversion reflection of the super-surface structure to obtain cross polarization reflection signals, collecting the frequency point with the weakest cross polarization reflection in a frequency band, and detecting human pulse vital sign signals according to the cross polarization reflection signals of the frequency point;
acquiring the frequency point with the weakest cross polarization reflection in the frequency band, specifically, processing a vector network analyzer which connects a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna at two ports to obtain the cross polarization reflection coefficient of each frequency point, and selecting the frequency point with the lowest cross polarization reflection coefficient as the frequency point with the weakest cross polarization reflection;
the super-surface structure is a polarization conversion super-surface and is formed by metal units which are arranged periodically and tightly, each metal unit comprises a layer of dielectric substrate and two layers of metal patches which are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, the top surface metal patches of the dielectric substrate are rectangular metal rings with notches etched, and the two sides of each rectangular metal ring are symmetrically provided with the same notches; the bottom metal patches of the dielectric substrate are metal grid bars uniformly distributed at intervals, gaps between adjacent metal grid bars are the same, and the width of each metal grid bar is the same;
the polarization conversion super surface is in a working frequency band, when linearly polarized electromagnetic waves in the air are incident to the top surface of the super surface, the super surface converts the incident electromagnetic waves into cross-polarized reflected electromagnetic waves and transmission electromagnetic waves; the cross-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave can penetrate through the metal grid bars on the bottom surface of the super surface, and the co-polarized transmitted electromagnetic wave can be reflected.
2. The method for detecting vital signs based on the polarization transformation super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna adopt different polarization modes, and the super-surface structure converts the same polarization of transmitting signals of the transmitting antenna into cross polarization of reflected signals of the receiving antenna.
3. The method for detecting vital signs based on the polarization transformation super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the metal patch on the top surface of the dielectric substrate receives a transmission signal from the transmission antenna.
4. The method for detecting vital signs based on the polarization transformation super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when linearly polarized electromagnetic waves of a TE mode in the air enter the top surface metal patch of the super-surface structure, each metal unit generates resonance, the electromagnetic waves reflected by the metal units correspond to a TM mode, and the conversion of the polarization angle is realized.
5. The method for detecting vital signs based on the polarization transformation super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when linearly polarized electromagnetic waves of a TM mode in the air enter the top surface metal patch of the super-surface structure, each metal unit generates resonance, the electromagnetic waves reflected by the metal units correspond to a TE mode, and the conversion of the polarization angle is realized.
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| CN111060170B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-03-02 | 郑州大学 | Flexible microflow pipeline gas flow sensor and preparation method and use method thereof |
| CN111239730B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-11-23 | 浙江大学 | Electromagnetic non-line-of-sight imaging method based on time reversal and compressed sensing |
| TWI750582B (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-12-21 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | Perturbation-injection-locked physiological siganal sensor |
| CN111657961B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2021-04-27 | 北京印刷学院 | Method for preparing super surface on skin for blood sugar detection |
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