CN109169013B

CN109169013B - Light facility cultivation method for white celery

Info

Publication number: CN109169013B
Application number: CN201811066905.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 付为国; 薛珂; 韦晨; 李振
Original assignee: Jiangsu University
Current assignee: Hezhou yanghao Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2018-09-13
Filing date: 2018-09-13
Publication date: 2020-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-13
Also published as: CN109169013A

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightweight facility cultivation method for white celery, and belongs to the technical field of facility cultivation of high-quality and safe vegetables. Mainly uses PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) pipe and cultivation pot as cultivation device, uses vinegar residue organic matrix as filling material instead of soil, uses vinegar residue organic matrix and soil as composite cultivation soil to make the white celery cultivation. Compared with the traditional method, the method for producing the white celery is labor-saving and time-saving, has better quality and is easier to implement in large-scale production.

Description

Light facility cultivation method for white celery

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating white celery by using a vinegar residue organic matrix, a PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) pipe and a cultivation basin light facility, belonging to the technical field of high-quality and safe vegetable facility cultivation.

Background

White celery is a characteristic vegetable obtained by whitening green stems of traditional cress in a mode of rhizome propagation and multiple hilling and softening cultivation, is always used as a high-grade vegetable in Yangtze river delta areas by virtue of white and crystal appearance, crisp and refreshing taste and fragrant and elegant flavor, is popular with people and has extremely high economic effect. White celery is suitable for growing in the meta-acid soil with the pH value of about 5.6-6.5, and the soil quality is sandy soil or sandy loam so as to be suitable for covering hills. In addition, multiple (2-3) hilling and soft culture operations in the culture process are particularly complex, labor-consuming, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and easily cause damage to celery plants, and the requirements all restrict the white celery planting scale to a certain extent. Therefore, how to realize wider-range planting by changing the cultivation mode is an urgent desire of broad gardening workers and vegetable growers.

The edible vinegar is the most traditional household seasoning, a large amount of vinegar residue waste is generated in the production process, the main components of the vinegar residue waste are rice hulls and a small amount of vinegar liquid, improper treatment not only causes resource waste to a certain extent, but also causes serious environmental pollution. In recent years, vinegar residue has been successfully developed through intensive research and development into a range of organic substrates and feed products. The developed vinegar residue organic matrix is rich in nutrients, is clean and sanitary (from edible seasoning byproducts), is particularly suitable for production of high-quality and safe agricultural products, and is widely applied to clean production of different vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, celery and the like at present. In the vinegar residue organic matrix, the subject group and JiangsuThe organic matrix of the Hengxin brand vinegar residue developed by the Hengshun vinegar industry in a combined way has the organic matter content of more than 35 percent, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of more than 4 percent, the pH value of between 5.8 and 6.5 and the volume weight of 0.25g/cm³The total porosity was about 69.41%. The matrix has two forms of powder and granule to meet different production requirements.

In view of the specific requirements of white celery cultivation on soil conditions, the characteristics of the vinegar residue organic matrix and the successful application of numerous vegetables in cultivation, the powdery vinegar residue organic matrix is used for replacing soil, a PVC pipe device is used for assisting, the conventional vertical hilling and softening cultivation is changed into PVC pipe hilling matrix softening cultivation, the condition that the conventional white celery cultivation is limited by too much soil conditions can be changed, and meanwhile, a heavy hilling link can be omitted, so that the generalization and lightening of white celery cultivation are realized, and the large-scale production of white celery and the improvement of economic benefits are facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to utilize the vinegar residue organic matrix, the cultivation pot and the PVC pipe to carry out white celery facility cultivation, so that the generalization and lightening of white celery production are realized, the restriction factor of limiting the planned production of the white celery in the current white celery cultivation process is overcome, and the economic effect of the white celery cultivation industry is improved.

The technical scheme is as follows:

in order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a celery lightweight facility cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a cress variety with dark green leaf color, thick and strong stems, short internodes, late flowering phase and strong fragrance.

(2) Seed celery breeding and management: at the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, 10-15cm of the base part of the white celery root produced as a seedling is taken and buried in a nursery garden with the soil depth of 5-7 cm. And then managing according to a fertilizer water-promoting control mode to ensure robustness, prevent excessive growth, prevent overlong internodes and the like.

(3) Seed selection and germination acceleration: harvesting celery from the stem base part of the celery after the reproductive growth of celery in a nursery garden is finished, namely in the middle ten days of 9 months, selecting strong stems with uniform thickness, tight internodes, obvious axillary buds and no diseases and pests as seedlings, covering a wet grass curtain to shield light and cool, rinsing the seedlings in a pond once every day, and spraying for a plurality of times by using cold water to face the grass curtain, thereby providing a relatively proper low-temperature environment for the germination of the seedlings. During rinsing, rotten leaves were removed and shoots with elongated internodes were removed.

(4) Selecting a cultivation device: the method is characterized in that a planting mode of potted tube culture is adopted for planting the celery in a light mode, namely, celery seedlings are planted in plastic basins with certain specifications, after the celery seedlings are isometric to a certain height, the plastic basins are covered by PVC hard pipes with corresponding specifications, then organic matrixes are covered regularly, and the white celery is softened and cultured in a whitening mode. Firstly, selecting a thicker specification of 30cm in diameter for the PVC pipe to ensure that more light rays enter the pipe in the later period, meeting the requirement of later-period growth of the celery, and preferably cutting 60cm in length for the pipe; the cultivation pot is matched with the PVC pipe, and a plastic pot with the pot mouth outer diameter slightly lower than 30cm and the height about 20cm is preferably selected, so that the plastic pot is conveniently covered by the PVC pipe in the later period.

(5) Preparing composite cultivation soil and selecting softening filler: the water requirement of the celery on the growth environment is high, the water holding effect of the vinegar residue organic matrix is poor due to high porosity, and the vinegar residue organic matrix and the vegetable garden soil are mixed according to the ratio of 2: 1 is fully mixed into the composite cultivation soil which has the advantages of permeability, water retention and higher nutrient level. Before mixing, 0.1kg of ternary compound fertilizer is added into each 100 kg of vegetable garden soil (dry weight), and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15 percent by mass. Mixing, pouring water, standing and stabilizing for later use. The softened filler replaces soil used in conventional cultivation with vinegar residue organic matrix, and the celery covered with PVC pipes at the later stage is filled up.

(6) Seed sowing and seedling stage management: and (4) after the seedlings are subjected to pregermination for 10-15 days, carrying out seedling sowing of the cultivation pot seedlings when adventitious roots grow out. Before seeding, the composite cultivation soil is filled into a cultivation pot until the upper edge of the pot mouth is about 5cm, then 3-4 seedlings are planted in each pot, a thin layer of composite cultivation soil is covered, the seedlings are completely covered, and water is thoroughly poured after the seedlings are completely covered. After seedling emergence, timely replanting, topdressing, pesticide application and irrigation are carried out according to the seedling condition, and the soil in the pot is ensured to be always wet.

(7) And (3) softening and culturing a cover tube: when the height of the seedling reaches about 35-40cm, the seedling and the cultivation pot are covered by the cut PVC pipe from top to bottom and are vertically placed (the pipe cover is too early, and the top leaves of the celery are difficult to obtain enough light). Then, slowly and slowly filling powdery vinegar residue organic matrix downwards from a pipe orifice at the upper end to the filling height of about 5cm of exposed leaves, and then continuously growing along with celery to regularly and continuously fill the matrix according to the standard of 5cm of exposed leaves until the matrix is filled to a PVC pipe orifice. Watering regularly during the period, keeping the composite cultivation soil and the vinegar residue organic matrix wet, and properly shielding the composite cultivation soil and the vinegar residue organic matrix by using a shading net if the composite cultivation soil and the vinegar residue organic matrix meet the weather of strong light burning.

(8) Harvesting white celery: and (4) normally, after the pipe cover is softened and cultured for one month, harvesting timely according to the condition that the cress stems are basically whitened and softened. During collection, the PVC pipe is vertically pulled upwards after being shaken from left to right, then the cultivation pot is shaken, the vinegar residue organic matrix is shaken off, and the plant stem base can be directly harvested from the cultivation pot along the plant stem base. Then, the green-topped stems and leaves were removed and tied off to the market.

(9) Material treatment and recycling: and after harvesting white celery, collecting the used vinegar residue organic matrix, the cultivation pot and the PVC pipe, and properly storing the white celery after one week of sun exposure in summer in the next year for recycling.

After tissue production according to the method disclosed by the invention, the beneficial effects mainly comprise the following three aspects: firstly, lightening, changing field cultivation into pot cultivation, particularly replacing soil with vinegar residue organic matrix rich in nutrients for hilling and softening cultivation, and not only saving heavy hilling labor, but also saving additional fertilizer labor in the growth process; secondly, the cultivation technology is generalized, is not limited by the type of the soil in the heaven and earth, is suitable for cultivation in the field, can be arranged in facility greenhouses and greenhouses, and can even be arranged in family courtyards and even balconies, so that the effects of increasing the life interest and the ceramic temperament are achieved; finally, the quality of the product cultivated in the perennial field is adversely affected by the advantages, the varied natural environment, the diseases, pests and weeds and the degenerated soil, wherein a certain degree of heavy metal pollution threatens the production of white celery known as "xiang li yang". The invention utilizes the clean edible seasoning waste vinegar residue as the filling material, thus ensuring the ecological safety of the product. In addition, researches show that the vinegar residue can generate a large amount of antagonistic bacteria in the fermentation process, and can prevent certain diseases.

Detailed Description

The technology is implemented in open air outside a greenhouse of agricultural engineering research institute of Jiangsu university at the beginning of 8 months in 2017. The main implementation process is as follows:

(1) the preparation of the composite cultivation soil is carried out for 8 months and 5-6 days, soil for vegetable cultivation all year round is dug from a cultivation groove in a greenhouse, 0.1kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents is added into per 100 kg of garden soil (dry weight) through water content calculation, and then the vinegar residue organic matrix and the garden soil are mixed according to the ratio of 2: 1, thoroughly mixing, watering, and piling for stabilization and standby.

(2) Seedling acquisition and seed sowing are realized in view of the fact that the using amount of seedlings is small, and the seedlings after germination acceleration are directly acquired from a white celery production base called Xiang Liyang. On the day of 9 months and 2 days for obtaining the seedlings, the composite cultivation soil is filled into a cultivation pot with the pot mouth external diameter slightly lower than 30cm and the height 20cm till the upper edge of the pot mouth is about 5cm, then 3-4 seedlings are arranged in each pot, a thin layer of composite cultivation soil is covered to ensure that the seedlings are completely covered, and then the seedlings are watered thoroughly and protected by shading.

(3) After the seedlings grow and manage, the seedlings are uniform and strong, the leaves are dark green, no plant diseases or insect pests occur, and the seedlings are watered in due time during the period, so that the soil in the pot is ensured to be kept in a wet state all the time.

(4) And (4) performing cover tube softening culture for 10 months and 28 days, wherein the height of the plant reaches about 40cm, the height of the top end of the plant is about 55cm from the ground, and at the moment, the cover tube and the matrix are filled up. Firstly, a PVC pipe with the diameter of 30cm and the length of 60cm is used for covering the seedlings and the cultivation pot from top to bottom and is vertically placed. Then, slowly filling powdery vinegar residue organic matrix downwards from an upper end pipe orifice to a filling height of about 5cm of exposed leaves, and then continuously growing along with celery to regularly and continuously fill the matrix according to a standard of 5cm of exposed leaves. By day 14 of 11 months, the top of the plant was about 5cm above the mouth of the tube and the filling of the matrix was complete. After 11 months and 26 days, the plants embedded in the matrix have achieved softening and albinism conversion, and then the successive harvest begins. Watering regularly during the period, and keeping the composite cultivation soil and the vinegar residue organic matrix wet.

(5) When the white celery is harvested, the PVC pipe is vertically pulled upwards after being shaken from left to right, then the cultivation basin is shaken, the vinegar residue organic matrix is shaken off, and then the white celery can be directly harvested along the base part of the plant stem from the cultivation basin, and then the stem and the leaf with green top ends are picked off and tied to the market. 0.8kg of white celery products can be harvested in each cultivation pot.

(6) After the materials are treated and reclaimed white celery is harvested, the used vinegar residue organic matrix, the cultivation pot and the PVC pipe are collected and properly stored after being exposed to the sun for one week in 2018 summer for next-crop recycling.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating celery in a lightweight facility is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a cress variety with dark green leaf color, thick and strong stems, short internodes, late flowering phase and strong fragrance;

(2) seed celery breeding and management: at the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, taking the root part of cress which is taken as the seedling production to be 10-15cm, and shallowly burying the cress in a seed nursery with the soil depth of 5-7 cm; then, managing according to a fertilizer water-promoting control mode to ensure robustness, prevent excessive growth and prevent overlong internodes;

(3) seed selection and germination acceleration: harvesting celery from the stem base part of the celery after the reproductive growth of celery in a nursery garden is finished, namely in the middle ten days of 9 months, then carefully selecting strong stems with uniform thickness, tight internodes, obvious axillary buds and no diseases and pests as seedlings, covering a wet grass curtain to shield light and cool, rinsing the seedlings in a pond once every day, and spraying for a plurality of times by using cold water to face the grass curtain, thereby providing a relatively proper low-temperature environment for the germination of the seedlings; removing rotten leaves and picking off buds with elongated internodes in the rinsing process;

(4) selecting a cultivation device: planting white celery in a 'potted plant tube culture' mode in a light mode, namely planting cress seedlings in a plastic cultivation pot with a certain specification, covering the cress seedlings with PVC (polyvinyl chloride) hard pipes with a corresponding specification after the cress seedlings are isometric to a certain height, and then regularly covering an organic substrate for softening and whitening cultivation of the white celery;

(5) preparing composite cultivation soil and selecting softening filler: the water requirement of the celery on the growth environment is high, the water holding effect of the vinegar residue organic matrix is poor due to high porosity, and the vinegar residue organic matrix and the vegetable garden soil are mixed according to the ratio of 2: 1, the volume ratio is fully mixed into the composite cultivation soil which has the advantages of permeability, water retention and higher nutrient level; after mixing, pouring water, standing and stabilizing for later use; the softened filler replaces soil used in conventional cultivation with vinegar residue organic matrix, and cress covered with PVC hard pipes at the later stage is subjected to hilling;

(6) seed sowing and seedling stage management: after the seedlings are subjected to pregermination for 10-15 days, carrying out seedling sowing in a cultivation pot when adventitious roots grow out; before seeding, the composite cultivation soil is filled into a cultivation pot which is 5cm away from the upper edge of a pot opening, then 3-4 seedlings are planted in each pot, a thin layer of composite cultivation soil is covered, the seedlings are completely covered, and water is thoroughly poured after the seedlings are completely covered; after seedling emergence, timely replanting, topdressing, pesticide application and irrigation are carried out according to the seedling condition, so that the soil in the pot is ensured to be always wet;

(7) and (3) softening and culturing a cover tube: when the height of the seedlings reaches 35-40cm, covering the seedlings and the cultivation pot with cut PVC hard pipes from top to bottom, and vertically placing the seedlings and the cultivation pot; then slowly filling powdery vinegar residue organic matrix downwards from a pipe orifice at the upper end, wherein the filling height is based on 5cm of exposed leaves, then continuing to grow along with celery, and periodically continuing to fill the matrix according to the standard of 5cm of exposed leaves until the matrix is filled to the pipe orifice of the PVC hard pipe; watering regularly during the period, keeping the composite cultivation soil and the vinegar residue organic matrix wet, and properly shielding the composite cultivation soil and the vinegar residue organic matrix by using a shading net if the composite cultivation soil and the vinegar residue organic matrix meet the weather of strong light and scorching heat;

(8) harvesting white celery: harvesting in good time according to the albino and soft condition of the cress stems after the pipe cover is subjected to softening culture for one month; during collection, the PVC hard pipe is vertically pulled upwards after being shaken from left to right, then the cultivation pot is shaken, the vinegar residue organic matrix is shaken off, and the PVC hard pipe can be directly harvested from the cultivation pot along the base part of the plant stem; then, removing stems and leaves with green tops, bundling and selling the stems and leaves;

(9) material treatment and recycling: and after harvesting white celery, collecting the used vinegar residue organic matrix, the cultivation basin and the PVC hard pipe, and properly storing the white celery after one week of sun exposure in summer in the next year for recycling of next stubble.

2. The method for celery lightweight facility cultivation method according to the claim 1, wherein the step (5) of composite cultivation soil configuration and softened filler selection: before mixing, 0.1kg of ternary compound fertilizer is added into each 100 kg of vegetable garden soil in dry weight, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15 percent by mass.

3. The method for celery lightweight facility cultivation method according to the claim 1, wherein the PVC hard pipe in the step (4) has a diameter of 30cm and a length of 60 cm.