CN109168886A - A method of prevention and treatment apple bitter pit - Google Patents
A method of prevention and treatment apple bitter pit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168886A CN109168886A CN201811120872.6A CN201811120872A CN109168886A CN 109168886 A CN109168886 A CN 109168886A CN 201811120872 A CN201811120872 A CN 201811120872A CN 109168886 A CN109168886 A CN 109168886A
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- apple
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- bitter pit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of apple bitter pit control methods, belong to agricultural production, and concrete scheme is as follows: Blooming Date of Apple Trees spraying concentration be 0.25% calcium salt, 50mg/L 6-BA, 0.35% borax mixed liquor；Apple newly slightly the prosperous growth phase spray mass concentration be 0.45% calcium salt, 50mg/L 6-BA, 0.8% zinc sulfate mixed liquor；Before being put in storage after apple-picking, fruit is soaked using the calcium hypochlorite of 0.25-0.4g/L, is put in storage after draining away the water.Method of the invention effectively controls the generation of apple bitter pit, improves apple quality and commodity rate, increases the economic benefit in orchard, is suitble to large area application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gardening plant cultivation and management domains, and in particular to a method of prevention and treatment apple bitter pit.
Background technique
Apple bitter pit is also known as bitter pit, spot disease, is a kind of calcium deficiency physiological disease often sent out ripe apples phase, storage period
Evil, is mainly manifested on fruit.Scab mostly occurs at nearly fruit top, i.e., the part close to calyx low-lying area, and close to less hair at fruit shoulder
It is raw.Lesion first occurs for the sick subcutaneous pulp of portion fruit, and then the circular spot centered on hole skin occurs in pericarp.This spot,
It is in strong green in green or yellow cultivars, is in kermesinus on red cultivar, scab is slightly concave falls into.Later period disease portion pulp drying shrinkage, table
Skin necrosis, shows the foxiness of recess, as deep as pulp 2-3mm, there is bitter taste.Less serious case has scab 3-5 in one disease fruit, severe one
Up to 60-80, throughout fruit face.
Apple bitter pit is a kind of physiological phenomenon of tree body calcium deficiency.The growth of one ground of apple tree for many years, needs a large amount of
Nutrition supply, but influenced by soil physico-chemical property, barren soil, lack organic matter, hardened, accumulated water is influenced vulnerable to drought and waterlogging,
The ability that root system absorbs nutrition is weaker, causes trunk infusion bad.Strongly acidic soil, physicochemical character is bad, a large amount of hydrionic
Metathesis causes the loss of calcium, potassium nutrition, leads to calcium element subalimentation；Acid is excessively high simultaneously, and activated aluminum largely increases in soil
Add, causes root system to rot and be poisoned to death, reduce the absorbability of root system.Soil hardening, poor air permeability are also to reduce root system to inhale
One of the reason of receipts ability.Soil biological property fertilizer is excessive, tree body excessive growth, and branch and fruit fight for calcium, reduces the concentration of calcium in fruit,
Aggravate the generation of bitter pit.Apple bitter pit generally occurs and more serious in mountain ridge unfertile land orchard, and falling ill serious reaches 20%
More than.
Apple little leaf occur in China apple cultivation region it is very universal, this disease can make apple flower bud differentiation by
Resistance, bud or spends small color light, is not easy to bear fruit or fruit minor malformation etc., causes fruit quality poor, yield reduces.Sick tree in spot film or at
Row distribution, spring germination are later than strong tree.After lamina, top tip blade fasciation, branch middle and lower part baldness.It is rolled up on blade edge, is brittle, being in
Willow leaf shape.Some vein greens, but yellow between arteries and veins.Young sprout internode is short, and sick branch is easily withered.It spends less and small, fruit minor malformation.Old sick tree
It is almost leaflet entirely, tree crown empty chamber, yield is very low.Orchard organic fertilizer is few, sandy soil or alkaline soil, and zinc element is insufficient
When, activity is blocked for fruit tree growth element and enzyme system, causes yellowing leaf, leaflet, foliage phenomenon occurs.Apple little leaf is usual
Generation is often mixed in barren orchard in mountain area with bitter pit.
Currently, prevention and treatment bitter pit mainly takes the measure replenished the calcium, but there are mistakes in actual production: first is that the pass replenished the calcium
Key period is incorrect, and number is excessive, causes unnecessary waste.Need calcium regular according to apple tree, fruit early stage needs calcium to account for
80% or more of entire Growing season, whole year replenishes the calcium, and especially after fruit bagging, is replenished the calcium and both causes waste, effect and not
Obviously.Second is that the method replenished the calcium is incorrect.Calcium constituent is as a kind of inert element, and not easily shifted, soil applies, and period length takes effect
Slowly.The form replenished the calcium is preferably foliage-spray, and better closer to required position.Third is that the period of replenishing the calcium isolates, wanted in production
Pay attention to Growing season storage period of replenishing the calcium or pay attention to replenish the calcium.Therefore, although having carried out the measure of supplementing calcium element, bitter acne
The control efficiency of disease is still undesirable.
Summary of the invention
It is poor for current apple bitter pit control efficiency, replenish the calcium period and method it is incorrect the problems such as, the present invention provide
A method of prevention and treatment apple bitter pit, when can be significantly reduced harvesting and bitter pit disease incidence when outbound.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.
A method of prevention and treatment apple bitter pit, comprising the following steps:
(1) the calcium salt mixed liquor that the quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume containing 6-BA and borax is 0.25% is sprayed in Blooming Date of Apple Trees；
(2) in apple, newly slightly the prosperous growth phase sprays the calcium salt mixing that the quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume containing 6-BA and zinc sulfate is 0.45%
Liquid；
(3) before being put in storage after apple harvesting, fruit is soaked using calcium hypochlorite, is put in storage after draining away the water.
The calcium salt type is preferably calcium chloride or calcium formate.
In step (1), the quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume of borax is 0.35%.In step (2), the quality volume hundred of zinc sulfate
Dividing concentration is 0.8%.In step (1) and (2), the concentration of 6-BA is 50mg/L.In step (3), the concentration of calcium hypochlorite is
0.25-0.4 g/L。
In step (1), 100kg/ mus of mixed liquor dosage.In step (2), 150-175kg/ mus of mixed liquor dosage.
In step (1) or (2), the time sprayed be the morning 9-10 when or when afternoon 4 after；Spray vacuum side of blade or
Young fruit fruit face, is advisable with dripping.
Suitable prevention and treatment kind is Fuji apple's series of products.Fuji apple's series of products be using Fuji apple grafting or
The kind of breeding.
The suitable age of tree is the best fruiting period fruit tree of 7-20.
The invention has the following advantages that
Method of the invention, by adjusting the type of calcareous fertilisers and the dosage of different times and its with 6-BA, borax and zinc sulfate
Dosage, effectively control apple bitter pit generation and meanwhile play the role of it is simultaneous control little leaf, improve apple quality and quotient
Product rate increases the economic benefit in orchard.The method of the present invention is simply, conveniently, at low cost, is suitble to large area application, especially suitable
In the barren orchard in mountain area.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
It was tested in 2015 and 2016 in the Shandong Province Mengyin County town the Ye Dian village Huang Ya hillside orchard, test material is life in 12 years
Fuji apple/hupehensis Rehd, seeding row spacing are 4.0m × 5.0m.
Test sets four processing, bitter pit disease incidence before statistics is put in storage:
Processing group: Spraying in the flowering stage concentration be 0.25% calcium chloride/calcium nitrate/calcium alginate/calcium formate, 50mg/L 6-BA,
0.35% borax mixed liquor sprays vacuum side of blade to dripping；Calcium chloride/nitric acid that new slightly prosperous growth phase spraying concentration is 0.45%
Calcium/calcium alginate/calcium formate, the 6-BA of 50mg/L, 0.8% zinc sulfate mixed liquor spray young fruit fruit face to dripping.As a result such as table 1
Shown, calcium chloride and calcium formate bitter pit disease incidence in continuous test in 2 years are lower, best with calcium chloride.
1 Different Calcium Sources bitter pit disease incidence of table
。
Embodiment 2
Tested in 2016 in the Shandong Province Mengyin County town the Ye Dian village Huang Ya hillside orchard, test material be 13 years raw Fuji apples/
Hupehensis Rehd, seeding row spacing are 4.0m × 5.0m.
CaCl2If three concentration (0.25 mg/L, 0.45 mg/L and 0.65mg/L), 6-BA set three concentration (25 mg/
L, 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L), ZnSO4If three concentration (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8%), cooperation borax (0.35%) carries out three
The horizontal orthogonal test of factor three, high quality fruit rate are as shown in table 2.
The different reagent concentrations of table 2 are with the influence for comparing high quality fruit rate
By data analysis found that the orchard more serious in bitter pit, this three kinds of factors to high quality fruit rate effect successively
Are as follows: CaCl2>6-BA>ZnSO4.It is 0.45 mg/L CaCl by analyzing optimum reagent concentration proportioning two-by-two2 +50 mg/L 6-
BA + 0.8 % ZnSO4.In experiments it is found that the CaCl of 0.45 mg/L of Spraying in the flowering stage2, damage can be generated to fruit tree column cap, had
Remove the effect of flower, therefore by Spraying in the flowering stage CaCl2Concentration is adjusted to 0.25 mg/L.
Embodiment 3
It was tested in 2016 in the Shandong Province Mengyin County town the Ye Dian village Huang Ya, test material is Fuji apple/hupehensis Rehd apple.Apple
When being put in storage after harvesting, it is put in storage after selecting surface to soak calcium hypochlorite there is no the fruit of disease and mechanical damage；When outbound, each
Processing 300 fruits of selection, count the number of sick fruits, calculate diseased fruit rate.The results are shown in Table 3.
Influence of the 3 various concentration calcium hypochlorite aqueous solution of table to diseased fruit rate
From the data in table 3, it can be seen that fruit is soaked using the hypochloric acid water solution that concentration is 0.25g/L before being put in storage after apple harvesting, it can not only
Reduce fruit pre-cooling by respiratory rate, and the reduction of fruit bitter pit disease incidence has preferable effect when to outbound.
Embodiment 4
Tested in 2017 in the Shandong Province Mengyin County town the Ye Dian village Huang Ya hillside orchard, test material be 14 years raw Fuji apples/
Hupehensis Rehd, seeding row spacing are 4.0m × 5.0m.
Test sets two processing, preceding bitter pit disease incidence and the little leaf in the growth period morbidity with when outbound of statistics storage
Rate:
Processing group: Spraying in the flowering stage concentration be 0.25% calcium chloride, the 6-BA of 50mg/L, 0.35% borax mixed liquor, spray blade
The back side is to dripping；6-BA, the 0.8% zinc sulfate mixed liquor of calcium chloride, 50mg/L that new slightly prosperous growth phase spraying concentration is 0.45%, spray
Young fruit fruit face is applied to dripping；The calcium hypochlorite of 0.25g/L soaks fruit before being put in storage after picking, is put in storage after draining away the water；
Control group: tradition prevention and treatment bitter pit method distinguishes spraying concentration before fruit expanding period, fruit bagging and after fruit bagging
Vacuum side of blade or young fruit fruit face are sprayed, is advisable with dripping altogether three times for 0.2% calcium nitrate.
As a result as shown in table 4 and table 5: being compared with the traditional method, processing group can be significantly reduced when being put in storage preceding and outbound
Bitter pit disease incidence reduces 15% and 1% or more than conventional method respectively, and decayed fruit rate also can control within 1.2% when outbound,
20%-78% is reduced than conventional method, little leaf disease incidence is significantly reduced.As shown in table 2, the present invention also has fruit quality
Raising by a relatively large margin, especially increase rate is obvious in terms of single fruit weight and single plant yield.
4 processing group of table is compared with control group is to the impact effect of fruit bitter pit and tree body little leaf
5 processing group of table is compared with control group is to the impact effect of apple production and fruit quality
Embodiment 5
The street village Wang Qiao orchard is opened in the Jiaxiang County of Jining City in Shandong Province in 2017 ten thousand to be tested, test material be 10 years raw Fuji apples/
M9T337, seeding row spacing are 2.0m × 4.0m.Test method such as embodiment 4.
As a result as shown in table 6 and table 7: bitter pit disease incidence when preceding storage and outbound can be significantly reduced in processing group, special
It is not that bitter pit disease incidence before being put in storage after picking reduces 46%-80%, decayed fruit rate reduces 21%- than conventional method when outbound
84%, little leaf disease incidence is substantially reduced.Single fruit weight, single plant yield and soluble solid content increase rate are obvious.
6 processing group of table is compared with control group is to the impact effect of fruit bitter pit and tree body little leaf
7 processing group of table is compared with control group is to the impact effect of apple production and fruit quality
| Single plant yield/kg | Single fruit weight/g | Soluble solid content/% | Fruit color degree/% | |
| Processing group | 163.14 | 217.3 | 13.5 | 90 |
| Control group | 154.08 | 198.6 | 12.7 | 85 |
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for preventing and treating apple bitter pit, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the calcium salt mixed liquor that the quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume containing 6-BA and borax is 0.25% is sprayed in Blooming Date of Apple Trees；
(2) in apple, newly slightly the prosperous growth phase sprays the calcium salt mixing that the quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume containing 6-BA and zinc sulfate is 0.45%
Liquid；
(3) before being put in storage after apple harvesting, fruit is soaked using calcium hypochlorite, is put in storage after draining away the water.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein calcium salt is calcium chloride or calcium formate.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume of borax is
0.35%；In step (2), the quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume of zinc sulfate is 0.8%；In step (1) and (2), the concentration of 6-BA is
50mg/L；In step (3), the concentration of calcium hypochlorite is 0.25-0.4g/L.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), 100kg/ mus of mixed liquor dosage；Step (2)
In, 150-175kg/ mus of mixed liquor dosage.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the time sprayed is the morning in step (1) or (2)
After when 9-10 or when afternoon 4；Vacuum side of blade or young fruit fruit face are sprayed, is advisable with dripping.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein prevention and treatment kind is Fuji apple's series of products.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the age of tree of prevention and treatment is the best fruiting period of 7-20.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811120872.6A CN109168886A (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2018-09-26 | A method of prevention and treatment apple bitter pit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811120872.6A CN109168886A (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2018-09-26 | A method of prevention and treatment apple bitter pit |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1084151A (en) * | 1993-10-11 | 1994-03-23 | 戴希泽 | A kind of fruit tree leaves leaven |
| CN1513329A (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2004-07-21 | 杨宝兴 | Agent for greening and improving growth of fruit trees with fungicidal and anti-rottenness function |
| CN102976831A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-20 | 马风花 | Leaf fertilizer |
| CN103125194A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-06-05 | 山东农业大学 | Anniversary application method of leaf fertilizer for red fuji apples |
| CN104186255A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 李珊 | Method for preventing apple bitter pit |
-
2018
- 2018-09-26 CN CN201811120872.6A patent/CN109168886A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1084151A (en) * | 1993-10-11 | 1994-03-23 | 戴希泽 | A kind of fruit tree leaves leaven |
| CN1513329A (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2004-07-21 | 杨宝兴 | Agent for greening and improving growth of fruit trees with fungicidal and anti-rottenness function |
| CN102976831A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-20 | 马风花 | Leaf fertilizer |
| CN103125194A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-06-05 | 山东农业大学 | Anniversary application method of leaf fertilizer for red fuji apples |
| CN104186255A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 李珊 | Method for preventing apple bitter pit |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 任怀礼: "苹果苦痘病病因及综合防治技术", 《甘肃农业科技》 * |
| 彭玉基等: "钙肥在苹果生产中应用技术研究进展", 《江西农业学报》 * |
| 林海: "《果品的贮藏与保鲜》", 31 October 2009, 金盾出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |