CN109168323A - Rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition - Google Patents

Rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109168323A
CN109168323A CN201780024350.3A CN201780024350A CN109168323A CN 109168323 A CN109168323 A CN 109168323A CN 201780024350 A CN201780024350 A CN 201780024350A CN 109168323 A CN109168323 A CN 109168323A
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weight
frit
solar cell
rear surface
electrode
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李真权
李圣恩
吴亨禄
姜显守
林锺赞
朴俊偈
李惠诚
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Continent Electronic Materials (strain)
Dae Joo Electronic Materials Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022441—Electrode arrangements specially adapted for back-contact solar cells
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/38—Paints containing free metal not provided for above in groups C09D5/00 - C09D5/36
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/68—Particle size between 100-1000 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0216—Coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0216—Coatings
    • H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

It is excellent that the application provides a kind of Moisture stability, can improve electrode adhesion, so as to realize high transfer efficiency and open-circuit voltage solar battery rear electrode paste.In addition, the application provides a kind of stability and solar battery that is excellent in reliability and can be realized high-energy conversion efficiency using rear electrode paste composite.

Description

Rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition and the solar batteries formed using it.
Background technique
Solar battery is to absorb the photoelectric effect that electrons and holes are generated from the luminous energy that the sun occurs, generation electric current, Voltage.It has the semiconductor substrate (substarte) and emitter layer (emmitter layer) for constituting pn-junction, on emitter Portion forms the front electrode being powered with above-mentioned emitter, and the back side being powered with substrate is formed in the another side opposite with light incident surface Electrode.
Light due to being absorbed into solar battery has various wavelength, and refractive index is different according to wavelength, therefore exists and inhale Receive good wave-length coverage.Generally, the light of long wavelength is not easy absorption and penetrates solar battery since refractive index is low.Cause This, is also equipped with passivation layer, which makes the light penetrated reflection and make it again by solar battery, to play increase light Absorption effect.
PERC type (passivation emitter rear-face contact type, Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact Type) Solar battery is the solar battery for having passivation layer (Passivation Layer) in back surface of the wafer, and increase is incident on The absorptivity of the light of solar battery, and can prevent electronics by generating and hole in conjunction with and bring is lost.This When, passivation layer is generally by alumina layer (Al2O3LAYER it) is constituted with silicon nitride layer (SiNx LAYER), alumina layer is in the sun It can cell backside generation fixed negative charge (fixed negative charge).Above-mentioned negative electrical charge (negative charge) has The hole for helping to generate in solar battery is moved to rear electrode, reduce the electronics thus generated and hole in conjunction with Amount, enables to collect more electrons and holes, so as to improve open-circuit voltage (Voc), increases solar battery effect Rate.
In this PERC type solar battery, aluminium electrode cannot penetrate passivation layer, therefore opening (opening) makes It is pasted to form local back surface field layer (Back Surface Field Layer, BSF layer) with aluminium.At this moment, due to aluminium (Al) With the difference of the diffusion velocity of silicon (Si) and generate gap (void), this will reduce open-circuit voltage (Voc) and reduce transfer efficiency. Under normal circumstances, above-mentioned gap is generated since the diffusion velocity of silicon is faster than aluminium, it is desirable that exploitation changes the skill for pasting interior ingredient Art.
In addition, when aluminium paste cannot be reacted with passivation layer in the case where, due to aluminium electrode poor adhesive force and generate fine aluminium Particle, the particle of generation lead to the pollution of face portion and reduce transfer efficiency.Such case is in production solar cell module youngster In the case where also become problem.In addition, existing aluminium paste is poor for the stability of moisture.
Therefore, it needs to research and develop the electrode adhesion that can embody certain level or more at present and Moisture stability is excellent Aluminium paste.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is proposed to solve the problems, such as described above, and its purpose is to provide a kind of Moisture stability is excellent The rear electrode of solar battery that is different, can improving electrode adhesion and can be realized high transfer efficiency and open-circuit voltage is used Paste.
In addition, it is an object of the invention to provide solar battery using above-mentioned rear electrode paste.
In order to realize that purpose as described above, a mode of the invention are a kind of combination of rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode Object, it includes:
(a) aluminium electroconductive powder；
(b) contain SiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3And B2O3Frit；And
(c) organic media.
The rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of a mode according to the present invention, wherein above-mentioned frit can be with SiO comprising 5 to 30 weight %2, the ZnO of 1 to 20 weight %, 10 to 60 weight % Bi2O3And 5 to 20 weight % B2O3。
Another way of the invention provides a kind of rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition, it includes:
(a) aluminium electroconductive powder；
(b ') contains SiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3、B2O3, PbO and Al2O3Frit；And
(c) organic media.
At this moment, according to the rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of aforesaid way, wherein above-mentioned frit includes 5 To the SiO of 30 weight %2, the ZnO of 1 to 20 weight %, 10 to 60 weight % Bi2O3, 5 to 20 weight % B2O3, 5 to 50 weights Measure the Al of the weight of PbO and 1 to 20 % of %2O3。
The rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of an embodiment according to the present invention, wherein above-mentioned frit Average grain diameter can be 0.5 to 5.0 μm.
The rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of an embodiment according to the present invention, wherein relative to total weight, It may include the above-mentioned frit of 0.6 to 20 weight %.
The rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of an embodiment according to the present invention, wherein above-mentioned aluminium electric conductivity The average grain diameter of powder can be 2 to 10 μm.
The rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of an embodiment according to the present invention, wherein above-mentioned organic media It can be comprising the organic selected from one or more of cellulose-based resin, acrylic resin and polyethylene-based resin Agent is dissolved in organic media made of solvent.
In addition, the present invention provides and a kind of has conventional type (Conventional using what above-mentioned paste composite was formed ) or the solar battery of PERC type (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell type) structure type.
Rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to the present invention has the excellent in stability to moisture and can The advantages of improving electrode adhesion and can be realized high transfer efficiency and open-circuit voltage.
In addition, the present invention, which has, is capable of providing stability and excellent in reliability and can be realized height using above-mentioned paste composite Energy conversion efficiency solar battery the advantages of.
Specific embodiment
In the following, to rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of the invention, using its manufacture solar battery it is detailed Carefully it is illustrated.It can further more fully understand that the present invention, following embodiments are for example by following embodiments Show the present invention, and does not limit claimed protection scope.At this moment, as long as the technical terms and scientific words that use Without other definition, then refer to the normally understood meaning of personnel in the technical field that the present invention belongs to Conventional wisdom.
Present invention can apply to conventional type (Conventional type) or PERC type (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell type) structure solar battery.Wherein, solar battery illustrated below is PERC Type, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to PERC type solar battery and applies.
PERC type solar battery overleaf has passivation layer (passivation), can be improved the light of long wavelength region Absorptivity, reduce electronics and hole in conjunction with and improve short circuit current (Isc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), so as to mention The efficiency of high solar battery.However, needing to form local back surface field layer (Local BSF since there are passivation layers Layer), in the case where application aluminium paste, the asking in the presence of generation gap (void) due to the difference of the diffusion velocity of aluminium and silicon Topic.In addition, this phenomenon may be decreased electrode adhesion and reduce transfer efficiency, it is also difficult to ensure the reliability of module youngster.
The present inventor is by providing the combined rear electrode paste composite comprising special component as a result, to inhibit Gap as described above occurs, and the efficiency of solar battery can be made to maximize, while can improve existing for the steady of moisture The physical property of qualitative weak aluminium paste, so as to complete the present invention.
In the present invention, rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition both can be applied to conventional type solar battery, It can be applied to the PERC type solar battery comprising passivation layer, but be not limited to comprising usually as silicon known to solar battery The various effects of semiconductor device.In addition, paste composite according to the present invention is due to excellent between silicon and aluminium interface Reactivity and local BSF layer can be effectively formed, so as to prevent pollution caused by passivation layer.
The first method of rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to the present invention includes:
(a) aluminium electroconductive powder；
(b) contain SiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3And B2O3Frit；And
(c) organic media.
Above-mentioned frit is free from forming by lead, each ingredient as Moisture stability, electrode adhesion it is main because Element and act on, these ingredients can be realized synergy by the combination with other compositions in paste composite.
The frit of first method according to the present invention modifying ingredients can contain in the range of achieving the object of the present invention Amount, can preferably comprise the SiO of 5 to 30 weight %2, the ZnO of 1 to 20 weight %, 10 to 60 weight % Bi2O3And 5 to The B of 20 weight %2O3.At this moment, the insufficient part of total weight of mentioned component can also include other more than at least one Oxide.As specific example, may include selected from P2O5、Na2O、K2O and Sb2O3In any one more than.It is above-mentioned to be selected from P2O5、Na2O and K2Content of any one ingredient in frit in O is 0.1 to 3 weight %, can preferably comprise 0.5 To 2 weight %.In addition, above-mentioned Sb2O3Content in frit is 5 to 20 weight %, can preferably comprise 10 to 16 weights Measure %.In the case where meeting the above range, excellent Moisture stability and electrode adhesion can not only be realized, improving too It is more preferable in terms of positive energy battery performance.
On the basis of the above-mentioned 1st aspect of the present invention further, rear surface of solar cell electrode according to the present invention It can also include PbO and Al with paste composite2O3In any one ingredient as frit compositions.At this moment, although solar battery Performance may be reduced slightly, but preferable in terms of ensuring Moisture stability and improving electrode adhesion.
In turn, the present invention can be realized Moisture stability and electrode attachment in the case where solar cell properties do not reduce The raising of power provides the second method of following rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode compositions according to the present invention.
The rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of second method according to the present invention includes:
(a) aluminium electroconductive powder；
(b ') contains SiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3、B2O3, PbO and Al2O3Frit；And
(c) organic media.
Above-mentioned frit is leaded composition, in the combination and paste composite by constituting the ingredient of the composition other at The combination divided, can be improved Moisture stability and electrode adhesion, and then ensure quality stability, reliability, so as to Enhance durability and it is more preferable.
The frit of second method according to the present invention can in the range of achieving the object of the present invention modifying ingredients content, It is preferred that may include the SiO of 5 to 30 weight %2, the ZnO of 1 to 20 weight %, 10 to 35 weight % Bi2O3, 5 to 20 weight % B2O3, 5 to 50 weight % the weight of PbO and 1 to 20 % Al2O3.At this moment, above-mentioned frit compositions are met the above range In the case where, it is more effective in terms of improving solar cell properties, strengthen electrode adhesion and durability can be further enhanced.
According in the second method of above-mentioned paste composite of the invention, with regard to PbO and Al2O3Combination for, and only include PbO and Al2O3In any one ingredient the case where compare, include PbO and Al in frit2O3Combination when, in transfer efficiency Or it can ensure excellent solar cell properties in terms of open circuit voltage characteristic, and can be realized the physical property such as electrode adhesion Improve and it is more preferable.
At this moment, PbO and Al2O3The component content in frit can be in the range of achieving the object of the present invention respectively It is adjusted, in durability, electrode adhesion or the aspect of performance for inhibiting generation bubble, model of the preferably PbO in 5 to 50 weight % In enclosing, Al2O3In the range of 1 to 20 weight %.
As described above, rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to the present invention can be according to the ingredient of frit It combines and realizes various modes.
In rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition of the invention, as a concrete example of frit, Ke Yiyou SiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3、B2O3、P2O5、Na2O、K2O and Sb2O3It constitutes, it, can be by SiO as other concrete examples2、ZnO、Bi2O3、 B2O3、PbO、Al2O3、Na2O、SrO、K2O and Sb2O3It constitutes.
At this moment, above-mentioned frit preferably comprises the SiO of 5 to 30 weight %2, 1 to 20 weight % ZnO, 10 to 60 weights Measure the Bi of %2O3, 5 to 20 weight % B2O3, 0 to 50 weight % the weight of PbO and 0 to 20 % Al2O3.In satisfaction In the case where stating range, the appropriate viscosity for maintaining paste especially substantially reduces the diffusion velocity difference between aluminium silicon, can prevent Interface formed gap (void), improve and electrode between adhesive force, transfer efficiency and open-circuit voltage are excellent, by with other at / combination and the efficiency of solar battery can be made to maximize.
Specifically, above-mentioned SiO2Relative to frit total weight, may include 5 to 30 weight %, more preferably comprising 7 to 21 weight %.In addition, ZnO may include 1 to 20 weight % relative to frit total weight, it more preferably include 5 to 16 weights Measure %.
In addition, Bi2O3It relative to frit total weight, may include 10 to 60 weight %, more preferably include 12 to 45 weights Measure %.Further, with regard to above-mentioned Bi2O3For, in frit include lead in the case where with PbO and Al2O3Combined ingredient one It rises in use, preferably comprising 15 to 30 weight % comprising 10 to 35 weight %, this is more preferable in terms of solar cell properties. As an example, above-mentioned Bi2O3When being used together in frit with PbO in the case that its content is more than 35 weight %, Transfer efficiency and open-circuit voltage may be decreased.
In addition, B2O3It relative to frit total weight, may include 5 to 20 weight %, more preferably include 10 to 15 weights Measure %.
Above-mentioned frit can also be comprising being selected from PbO and Al2O3In any one more than, at this moment PbO is relative to frit Total weight may include 5 to 50 weight %, more preferably include 17 to 43 weight %.In addition, Al2O3Relative to frit gross weight Amount, may include 1 to 20 weight %, more preferably include 4 to 8 weight %.
In the case that ingredient in above-mentioned frit meets respective content range, by with other compositions in frit it Between combination be more advantageous to further by the aluminium electroconductive powder in paste composite and the combination between organic media Realize present invention effect to be achieved.
In the case that ingredient more than a certain kind in the ingredient in above-mentioned frit is more than above-mentioned content range, it is difficult to Expect ingredient combine bring synergy, may make solar cell properties reduce or electrode adhesion reduction, for water The stability divided reduces.
In the present invention, the main metal component of (a) electroconductive powder is aluminium.This aluminium electroconductive powder can be by single particle It is formed or mixing has the particle of different characteristics each other and uses.Also the particle of core-shell structure can be used.
Above-mentioned aluminium electroconductive powder it is preferably spherical, according to desired mechanical properties, thin slice can also be used (flake) shape, plate, amorphous or their combination.
The powder that average grain diameter is 0.5 to 10 μm, preferably 1 to 9 μm can be used in above-mentioned aluminium electroconductive powder.It can be more It is preferable to use 1 to 7 μm of powder.In the case where meeting the above range, it can be ensured that dispersibility and compactness make solar-electricity The electrical property in pond optimizes, therefore more preferably.Additionally, it is preferred that being used in mixed way the electric conductivity powder with average grain diameter different from each other End.
In addition, the BET of above-mentioned electroconductive powder is 0.2 to 3.0m2/ g is, it is preferable to use 0.4 to 2.0m2The powder of/g, full In the case where sufficient above range, it is more advantageous to the electrical characteristics for improving solar battery.
Above-mentioned electroconductive powder may include conductive metal in addition to aluminum, but be not particularly limited to this.As One example, can be suitably comprising such as silver, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, chromium, cobalt, tin, zinc, iron, iridium, rhodium, tungsten, molybdenum or magnesium in addition to aluminium Metal or alloy in addition.
Above-mentioned aluminium electroconductive powder can contain 60 to 95 weight %, preferably comprise 65 relative to paste composite total weight To 85 weight %.In the case where meeting above-mentioned content, it is able to suppress generation and mutually separates, viscosity preferably has printing excellent The advantages of.
Frit includes as illustrated in first method, second method, Third Way and fourth way in the present invention Special component, and formed and pasted with organic media, thus passivation layer when being especially applied to PERC type solar battery, with the back side Between reactivity it is excellent, improve the adhesive force between electrode and solar battery efficiency can be made to maximize, and can Ensure Moisture stability.
In the present invention, content range of the above-mentioned frit in rear electrode paste all compositions of the invention can be excellent It is selected as 0.1 to 5.0 weight %, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0 weight %.In the case where meeting above-mentioned content range, at interface Reactivity is excellent, and electrode adhesion is excellent and can reduce contact resistance, solar battery efficiency can be made to maximize.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of above-mentioned frit can be 300 to 600 DEG C, preferably 300 to 500 DEG C.In addition, The softening point (Ts) of (b) frit of the invention can be 350 to 750 DEG C, preferably 400 to 650 DEG C.Meeting above-mentioned glass In the case where changing transition temperature and softening point range, it is more advantageous to and realizes desired physical property effect.
In addition, the average grain diameter of above-mentioned frit is 0.5 to 5.0 μm, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 μm.It is meeting the above range In the case where, when can prevent from being formed electrode there is a situation where needle pore defect and it is preferred that.
As an example, above-mentioned frit is by carrying out cooling step after melting constituent together under atmospheric pressure And it is allowed to that there is vitreous property on the whole and manufacture.By melt process, each constituent of frit it is intermolecular Bonding fracture and lose the property as metal oxide, in the molten state, each ingredient equably mixes, and passes through cooling And become the nature of glass.At this moment, melting temperature and time is without too big restriction, but can preferably melting temperature be 800 to 1500 DEG C, implement under conditions of 10 minutes to 1 hour melting time.
In the present invention, (c) organic media (vehicle) is and the physical mixed for the inorganic constituents pasted with rear electrode The viscosity and rheological behavior for being conducive to printing are assigned to composition.
Above-mentioned organic media can be used commonly used in the organic media of electrode of solar battery paste, as an example, It can be the mixture of macromolecule and solvent.Can be preferably selected from TXIB (trimethylpentanediol diisobutyrate, Trimethyl Pentanyl Diisobutylate), dibasic ester (Dibasic ester), BC (butyl carbitol, BUTYL CARBITOL), acetate of butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, butyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol list first Ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate, ether propionate ester, terpene Product alcohol (terpineol), propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dimethylaminoformaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, gamma-butyrolacton, ethyl lactate and 2, Addition is selected from ethyl cellulose in the solvent of one or more of -1,3 pentanediol mono isobutyrate of 2,4- trimethyl (Texanol) The cellulose-based resins such as element, methylcellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose esters；The polymethylacrylic acid of rosin (rosin) or alcohol One of polyethylene-based resins such as the acrylic resins such as ester, acrylate and polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral with On resin made of mixture.More preferably use acetate of butyl carbitol, -1,3 pentanediol list isobutyl of 2,2,4- trimethyl Acid esters and terpineolMixed solvent.
Above-mentioned organic media is 10 weight to 40 weight %, preferably 15 weight to 30 weights relative to paste composite total weight Measure %.In the case where meeting the above range, can readily dispersed electroconductive powder, and can prevent calcining after residual carbon Caused resistance increases and the transfer efficiency of solar battery reduces.
Rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode of the invention is special in order to improve flowing other than above-mentioned constituent element Property, process characteristic and stability, can also add conventional additive.As above-mentioned additive, dispersing agent, thickening can be enumerated Agent, thixotropic agent, levelling agent, plasticizer, viscosity stabiliser, defoaming agent, pigment, ultra-violet stabilizer, antioxidant, coupling agent Deng but not limited to this.
As above-mentioned dispersing agent, can enumerate SOLSPERSE, BYK company of LUBRISOL company DISPERBYK-180, 110,996 and 997 etc., but not limited to this.As above-mentioned tackifier, BYK-410,411,420 of BYK company can be enumerated Deng but not limited to this.As above-mentioned thixotropic agent, THIXATROL MAX of ELEMENTIS company, BYK company can be enumerated ANTI-TERRA-203,204,205 etc., but not limited to this.As above-mentioned levelling agent, the BYK- of BYK company can be enumerated 3932P, BYK-378, BYK-306, BYK-3440 etc., but not limited to this.Organic additive is pasted relative to rear electrode The whole 100 weight % of composition, can contain about 1 to 20 weight %.
The present invention, which is provided, has conventional type (Conventional using what above-mentioned rear electrode paste composite was formed ) or the solar battery of PERC type (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell type) structure type.
Wherein, the PERC type solar battery of an embodiment according to the present invention includes: the substrate of the first conductive type；It is formed The emitter layer of the second conductive type on aforesaid substrate；The antireflection film being formed on above-mentioned emitter layer；It penetrates through above-mentioned anti- Reflectance coating and the front electrode being connect with above-mentioned emitter layer；With the passivation layer and rear electrode at the back side of aforesaid substrate.
The substrate of above-mentioned the first conductive type is selected from p-type or N-type, and the emitter layer selection of the second conductive type has and substrate phase The material of opposite conductivity-type.In order to form P+ layers, III A race element of doping is as impurity, and in order to form N+ layers, doping VA race element is made For impurity.For example, B, Ga, In can be adulterated in order to form P+ layers, in order to form N+ layers, P, As, Sb can be adulterated.Above-mentioned base Interface between plate and emitter layer forms P-N junction, this is the part for receiving sunlight and generating electric current by photoelectric effect. P layers and N layers are respectively attracted to by the electrons and holes that photoelectric effect generates, and are moved respectively to and substrate lower part and hair The electrode of emitter layer upper bond, and loaded by applying to electrode, it can use in the electricity wherein generated.
Above-mentioned antireflection film reduces the reflectivity for being incident on the sunlight of solar battery front side.When the reflectivity of sunlight When reduction, the light quantity for reaching P-N junction increases, and the short circuit current of solar battery increases, and the transfer efficiency of solar battery improves. As an example, antireflection film can have selected from silicon nitride film, the silicon nitride film comprising hydrogen, silicon oxide film, silicon oxynitride Any one monofilm or the two or more multiple membrane structures being composed in film, but not limited to this.
After front electrode carries out silk-screen printing with paste using front electrode, formed by being heat-treated, by punch through, Front electrode passes through antireflection film and contacts with emitter layer.
Above-mentioned passivation layer formation is at the back side of substrate, by aluminum oxide (Al2O3) formed, it can also be by Si oxide (SiO2) or silicon nitride (SiN) formation.Above-mentioned passivation layer can be formed with the thickness of 1~50nm.This can pass through atomic layer deposition Area method (ALD, Atomic Layer Deposition) or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD, Plasma Enhanced CVD) it is deposited.
Rear electrode can be coated to be formed by silk-screen printing at the back side of passivation layer.Above-mentioned rear electrode utilizes Rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to the present invention.Above-mentioned paste composite passes through heat treatment after coating and drying Process is calcined and is formed.Above-mentioned rear electrode is collected the charge i.e. hole for carrying out self-reference substrate and is exported to external device (ED).
In the following, an example for enumerating rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode according to the present invention is illustrated, but this hair It is bright to be not limited to following embodiments.
(embodiment 1 to 6 and comparative example 1 to 6)
According to the composition of table 1, the corresponding ingredient in frit is put into reactor and mixed, it is molten at 1100 DEG C Melt 30 minutes, then uses pure water (H2O it) quenches (Quenching) and makes its quenching.It is crushed and is quenched with ball mill (Ball-mill) Glass melting object, manufactured the frit with 2 μm of average grain diameter.
Paste composite used for solar batteries according to the present invention has been manufactured using the frit of manufacture.
As electroconductive powder, aluminium powder has been used.It is 5.0 that above-mentioned aluminium powder, which has used the average grain diameter of 74.0 weight %, μm powder.In addition, the frit of above-mentioned manufacture has used the frit of 1.0 weight %, as adhesive, 2.0 weights have been used Measure the ethyl cellulose resin (AQUALON company ECN-50) of %.As solvent, the butyl carbitol of 10.0 weight % has been used Acetic acid esters (Butyl CarbitolAcetate), and 2,2,4- trimethyl -1,3 pentanediol Dan Yi of respectively 5.5 weight % Butyrate (Texanol) and terpineol (Terpineol) are added to the thixotroping regulator of 1.0 weight % as additive The additive (Oleic Acid) of (ELEMENTIS company's T HIXATROL MAX) and 1.0 weight %.
(embodiment 7)
The content range of frit is set as 0.5 weight %, the content of terpineol (Terpineol) is changed into 6.0 weights % is measured, in addition to this, is implemented by method same as Example 1.
(embodiment 8)
In embodiment 7, the content of frit is set as 1.5 weight %, the content of terpineol (Terpineol) is changed into 5.0 weight % are implemented by method same as Example 7 in addition to this.
(embodiment 9)
In embodiment 7, the content of frit is set as 2.0 weight %, the content of terpineol (Terpineol) is changed into 4.5 weight % are implemented by method same as Example 7 in addition to this.
(embodiment 10)
In embodiment 7, the content of frit is set as 2.5 weight %, the content of terpineol (Terpineol) is changed into 4.0 weight % are implemented by method same as Example 7 in addition to this.
(manufacture of solar battery)
Using 156mm crystal silicon wafer, by using POCl in tube furnace (tube furnace, 850 DEG C)3Diffusion Process adulterates phosphorus (P), so as to form the emitter layer with 80 Ω/sq sheet resistance.Pass through chemical vapour deposition technique (PECVD) uses precursor SiH4And NH3Silicon nitride film is deposited on above-mentioned emitter layer, is formed with 70nm thickness, to be formed Antireflection film.In the upper surface of antireflection film coating DPS-1900V7 paste (DAEJOO) and drying.Then, in above-mentioned silicon substrate backboard It is 2 minutes dry at 250 DEG C after face is coated with the rear electrode paste composite of the above-mentioned manufacture of 1.3g.At this moment, front electrode and back The coating of face electrode carries out silk-screen printing (utilizing ASYS COMPANY company printing machine), is implemented with certain pattern.
When silk-screen printing, 250 mesh of stainless steel wire of 450mm × 450mm frame has been used.Dry film after silk-screen printing With a thickness of 23 μm, drying temperature is 250 DEG C.By obtained solar battery silicon substrate in belt calciner, at about 780 DEG C It peak temperature and is calcined simultaneously under conditions of IN-OUT about 1 minute, to manufacture target solar battery.
The solar simulator (SOL3A) manufactured using ORIEL company, to the electrical characteristics (I-V of the solar battery of manufacture Characteristic) it is tested.Every kind of paste manufactures 10 samples respectively, and using the average value of 10 samples, by the solar-electricity of manufacture The characteristic in pond is shown in table 2.
(evaluation)
(1) efficiency (transfer efficiency, open-circuit voltage) of solar battery
The electrode of manufacture determines solar-electricity using solar battery efficiency sensing equipment (pasna company, CT-801) The transfer efficiency (Eff, %) and open-circuit voltage (Voc, V) in pond.At this moment, for the respective measurement of transfer efficiency and open-circuit voltage Value, is set as a reference value as 100 for according to the end value of comparative example 1, and the value of measurement is scaled a reference value and is shown opposite The value compared.
(2) electrode adhesion
In the aluminium electrode face of the solar battery of calcining, adhesive tape (Tape, 3M company 810-ROK) is cut into 5cm or so And adhere to it completely, then quickly take the adhesive tape of attachment off with 180 ° of angles.At this moment, on adhesive tape complete non-cohesive electrode feelings The case where the case where condition is labeled as zero, faintly adheres to is labeled as △ (20% or less), is adhered to the state more than it is labeled as X。
(3) bubble generation time
The solar battery of calcining is immersed in 75 ± 5 DEG C of deionized water (DI water), is confirmed on aluminium electrode surface The case where at the beginning of generating bubble and recording, bubble is generated after 15 minutes is labeled as ◎.It is right when starting to generate bubble quickly It is low in the stability of moisture, it can reduce the reliability of solar cell module youngster.
[table 1]
[table 2]
As shown in Table 1 above, it can be confirmed that embodiment according to the present invention 1 to 3 is that the paste comprising lead-less glasses material combines Object, transfer efficiency are up to 102.22%, and open-circuit voltage also reaches 100.89%, so that not only solar battery efficiency is excellent It is different, and meet electrode adhesion and bubble generation time.Furthermore it is possible to confirm that embodiment according to the present invention 4 to 6 is to include Contain PbO and Al2O3Frit paste composite, and there is solar battery efficiency, electrode adhesion and prevent bubble Effect.On the other hand, it in comparative example 1 to 5, with the difference existed with the composition of frit according to the present invention, not only converts The problems such as efficiency and open-circuit voltage significantly reduce, and there are electrode adhesion reduction, generate bubble.
In addition, embodiment according to the present invention 7 to 9 is to change the example for pasting interior frit content, transfer efficiency and open circuit Voltage is excellent, and electrode adhesion and the generation of anti-bubble are had excellent performance.The content of the frit of embodiment 10 is higher and converts Efficiency and open-circuit voltage performance slightly reduce.
Although this is only in order to help as described above, being illustrated in the present invention by the embodiment limited It is provided in the further whole understanding present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, as long as belonging to the present invention With the personnel of Conventional wisdom in field, then various modifications and deformation can be realized based on this record.
Therefore, thought of the invention should not be limited to the embodiment of explanation, it may be said that be not only claimed Range, and the deformation whole forms impartial or with equivalence with the scope of protection of present invention belong to inventive concept Range.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition, includes:
(a) aluminium electroconductive powder；
(b) contain SiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3And B2O3Frit；And
(c) organic media.
2. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 1, wherein (b) frit includes 5 To the SiO of 30 weight %2, the ZnO of 1 to 20 weight %, 10 to 60 weight % Bi2O3And 5 to 20 weight % B2O3。
3. a kind of rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition, includes:
(a) aluminium electroconductive powder；
(b ') contains SiO2、ZnO、Bi2O3、B2O3, PbO and Al2O3Frit；And
(c) organic media.
4. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 3, wherein (the b ') frit includes The SiO of 5 to 30 weight %2, the ZnO of 1 to 20 weight %, 10 to 60 weight % Bi2O3, 5 to 20 weight % B2O3, 5 to 50 The Al of the weight of PbO and 1 to 20 % of weight %2O3。
5. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 1, wherein the average grain of the frit Diameter is 0.5 to 5.0 μm.
6. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 3, wherein the average grain of the frit Diameter is 0.5 to 5.0 μm.
7. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 1, wherein relative to composition gross weight Amount, the frit comprising 0.1 to 5.0 weight %.
8. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 3, wherein relative to composition gross weight Amount, the frit comprising 0.1 to 5.0 weight %.
9. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium electroconductive powder Average grain diameter is 0.5 to 10 μm.
10. rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium electroconductive powder Average grain diameter be 0.5 to 10 μm.
11. a kind of solar battery is formed using paste composite described in any one of any one of claims 1 to 10 10, and is had normal Formalism or PERC type structure.
CN201780024350.3A 2016-04-18 2017-04-18 Rear surface of solar cell paste for use in electrode composition Pending CN109168323A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190108