CN109167501B - Mixed rotor outer rotor synchronous motor - Google Patents

Mixed rotor outer rotor synchronous motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109167501B
CN109167501B CN201811107018.6A CN201811107018A CN109167501B CN 109167501 B CN109167501 B CN 109167501B CN 201811107018 A CN201811107018 A CN 201811107018A CN 109167501 B CN109167501 B CN 109167501B
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China
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rotor
permanent magnet
magnetic
stator
magnetic conductive
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CN109167501A (en
Inventor
张凤阁
金石
刘光伟
罗皓
于思洋
蒋晓东
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Shenyang University of Technology
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Shenyang University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786Outer rotors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides a hybrid rotor external rotor synchronous motor, includes the casing, the inboard rotor of casing, the inboard stator of permanent magnetism auxiliary cage barrier rotor, the inboard pivot of stator, its characterized in that: the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor is arranged on the outer side of the stator and is connected with the shell through a dovetail groove; the rotor adopts a permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor formed by axially laminating, and a segmented anisotropic magnetizing permanent magnet with sinusoidal variation of width and magnetizing direction and a short circuit cage bar with unequal width, which is wide in air gap and narrow in rotating shaft, are added at the bottom of the non-magnetic conductive layer; three-phase symmetrical stator windings are embedded on the stator. The novel permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor has the remarkable advantages of excellent performance, novel structure, simple process, low cost, high mechanical strength, reliable operation, convenience in industrialization and the like.

Description

Mixed rotor outer rotor synchronous motor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hybrid rotor outer rotor synchronous motor, and belongs to the field of motors.
Background
The embedded rotor permanent magnet motor made of rare earth materials is widely applied in various fields by virtue of high power density, torque density, high efficiency and wider constant power operation range. However, rare earth permanent magnets are expensive, resources are limited, and the continuous supply of rare earth permanent magnet materials is also a significant problem. The academia and industry are interested in using rare earth-free, rare earth-free permanent magnets and low cost permanent magnet motors, typically ferrite. The research and development of rare earth-less/rare earth-less permanent magnet motors has important theoretical significance and application value.
The synchronous reluctance motor has been developed rapidly in nineties of twentieth century, and has a great application prospect by virtue of the advantages of large salient pole ratio, excellent speed regulation performance, high efficiency, no or only a small amount of cheap permanent magnets, and the like, and is considered as a rare earth/rare earth-free motor with great industrial potential. However, a purely synchronous reluctance motor (rotor without any excitation) requires a large excitation current on the stator side in order to obtain a large electromagnetic torque, resulting in a motor with low efficiency and power factor. In order to solve the problem, researchers have proposed a permanent magnet auxiliary reluctance type synchronous motor, i.e. a permanent magnet is embedded in a rotor magnetic barrier to provide permanent magnet flux, so as to improve the power factor and torque density of the motor. In addition, the introduction of the permanent magnet is helpful for saturation of the rotor connecting bridge, so that the salient pole effect (the difference between the numerical values of the direct axis inductance and the quadrature axis inductance) is improved. In order to obtain a larger salient pole ratio, a rotor of the permanent magnet auxiliary reluctance synchronous motor is generally designed to be of a multi-layer magnetic barrier structure. However, the motor still has the defects of low torque density and power factor, serious magnetic field saturation under high power, high d-q axis inductive coupling degree and the like, and limits the popularization of industrial application. Therefore, the rotor of the motor needs to be optimized and improved so as to promote the application and popularization of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a hybrid rotor outer rotor synchronous motor, and aims to provide a novel permanent magnet auxiliary reluctance motor structure which is convenient to process and manufacture and can increase the salient pole rate of a rotor so as to improve the torque density of the motor and excellent steady state and dynamic performance.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a hybrid rotor external rotor synchronous motor, includes the casing, the inboard rotor of casing, the inboard stator of permanent magnetism auxiliary cage barrier rotor, the inboard pivot of stator, its characterized in that: the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor is arranged on the outer side of the stator and is connected with the shell through a dovetail groove; the rotor adopts a permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor formed by axially laminating, and a segmented anisotropic magnetizing permanent magnet with sinusoidal variation of width and magnetizing direction and a short circuit cage bar with unequal width, which is wide in air gap and narrow in rotating shaft, are added at the bottom of the non-magnetic conductive layer; three-phase symmetrical stator windings are embedded on the stator.
The permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor is N in total r Each salient pole is formed by lamination which is formed by laminating silicon steel sheet materials along the axial direction, and the rotor is connected with the shell through a dovetail groove.
The lamination is provided with magnetic conduction layers, a non-magnetic conduction layer is reserved between two adjacent magnetic conduction layers, a proper width ratio between the magnetic conduction layers and the non-magnetic conduction layers is selected according to influence on magnetic field modulation capability, and the magnetic conduction layers are connected through connecting ribs to form a whole.
The non-magnetic conductive layer of the permanent magnet auxiliary reluctance rotor adopts a U shape.
Short circuit cage bars with different spans are embedded on two sides of each U-shaped non-magnetic layer.
The short circuit cage bars adopt structures with unequal widths, which are close to the air gap and the rotating shaft, are placed in tangential trapezoidal non-magnetic layers, and the ends of the short circuit cage bars are connected by two conductors with symmetrical permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor axes to form a plurality of groups of concentric annular loops.
The bottoms of the U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layers are provided with partitioned anisotropic magnetization permanent magnets with sine-changing widths and magnetization directions according to embedding.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the rotor of the motor is provided with the auxiliary permanent magnet and the short circuit cage bars at the non-magnetic conductive layer on the basis of the axial lamination magnetic barrier structure, so that the torque density of the motor is further improved, the air gap magnetic field harmonic wave and loss can be effectively reduced, and the steady state and dynamic operation performance of the motor are improved; the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor silicon steel sheets are laminated along the axial direction, so that eddy current loss in a rotor core can be reduced, and the motor efficiency is improved; the permanent magnets which are arranged in a blocking and anisotropic magnetizing way and have the sinusoidal variation of the width and the magnetizing direction added at the bottom of the U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layer are adopted, so that the permanent magnetic field close to the air gap is more concentrated, the magnetic flux density distribution of the air gap of the motor is more similar to sinusoidal distribution, the harmonic content is less, the magnetic density distribution is more uniform, the salient pole effect of the rotor of the motor can be further enhanced, and the electromagnetic torque output capacity and the utilization rate of the permanent magnets are further improved; the verticality of the d-q axis magnetic field at the rotor side can be increased by the offset of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and the local saturation degree of the magnetic field is reduced; the short circuit cage bars are added to the two sides of the U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layer, so that a magnetic flux path can be more standardized, the salient pole effect of a motor rotor is enhanced, the reluctance torque of the motor is improved, the torque density of the motor is further improved, and the dynamic response capability of the motor can be improved; the outer rotor structure is adopted without other fixed measures, and under consistent external physical data, the outer rotor structure motor can obtain larger torque than the inner rotor structure motor, is suitable for low-speed large-torque operation, is directly connected with a mechanical device, and has high transmission efficiency. The novel permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor has the remarkable advantages of excellent performance, novel structure, simple process, low cost, high mechanical strength, reliable operation, convenience in industrialization and the like.
Drawings
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotor structure of an electric motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stator structure of the motor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary permanent magnet of the motor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a shorting cage bar of the motor of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an overall schematic example of a shorting cage bar of the motor of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the permanent magnet type electric motor comprises a shell, a permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor, a stator, a rotating shaft, a stator winding, a permanent magnet, a short circuit cage bar, a magnetic conduction layer, a non-magnetic conduction layer, a dovetail groove and connecting ribs.
The specific embodiment is as follows: the invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the utility model provides a hybrid rotor external rotor synchronous motor, includes casing (1), the inboard supplementary cage barrier rotor of permanent magnetism (2) of casing (1), the inboard stator (3) of supplementary cage barrier rotor of permanent magnetism (2), the inboard pivot (4) of stator (3), its characterized in that: the permanent magnet auxiliary barrier rotor (2) is arranged at the outer side of the stator (3), the shell (1) is arranged at the outer side of the permanent magnet auxiliary barrier rotor (2), and the permanent magnet auxiliary barrier rotor (2) is connected with the shell (1) through a dovetail groove; the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor (2) adopts a magnetic barrier reluctance rotor formed by axially laminating, magnetic conductive layers (8) are arranged on the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor lamination, the magnetic conductive layers (8) are of a trapezoid structure, a non-magnetic conductive layer (9) is reserved between two adjacent magnetic conductive layers (8), the non-magnetic conductive layer (9) of the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor is of a U-shaped shape, a segmented anisotropic magnetizing permanent magnet (6) with sine variation of width and magnetizing direction is added at the U-shaped bottom of the non-magnetic layer, and short circuit cage bars (7) are embedded in the non-magnetic conductive layers (9) at two sides; three-phase symmetrical stator windings (5) are embedded on the stator (3).
The permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor (2) is made of laminated sheets made of silicon steel sheet materials through axial lamination, is arranged on the outer side of the stator (3), and is formed into a whole by connecting the magnetic conductive layers through connecting ribs (11) according to the width ratio between the magnetic conductive layers (5) and the non-magnetic conductive layers (6) which are proper in influence on the magnetic field modulation capability.
Short-circuit cage bars (7) with different spans are embedded on two sides of each U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layer (9).
The short circuit cage bars (7) are of unequal width structures, namely, the structures of unequal width close to an air gap and narrow unequal width close to a rotating shaft, are placed in trapezoid non-magnetic conductive layers on two sides of a rotor axis (namely, the short circuit cage bars (7) on each layer are unequal in width), and the ends of the short circuit cage bars (7) are connected through conductors which are symmetrical on two sides of the axis of the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor (2) to form a plurality of groups of concentric annular loops. (for example, after the upper ends and the lower ends of the short-circuit cage bars (7) embedded in the same non-magnetically conductive layer are connected, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, annular loops are formed, and the annular loops on the adjacent non-magnetically conductive layers are concentric with each other)
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet auxiliary cage rotor structure of a motor of the present invention, wherein a permanent magnet auxiliary cage rotor 2 is located outside a stator 3 and is connected with a casing 1 through a dovetail groove 10. The lamination of the rotor 2 is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets along the axial direction, so that the eddy current loss in the rotor 2 can be reduced, and the efficiency of the motor is improved.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the rotor 2 is modified on the basis of a magnetically shielded rotor. In the figure, a 6-pole motor is taken as an example, 6 salient poles are totally arranged on the magnetic barrier rotor, a plurality of trapezoid grooves are formed in the surfaces of the salient poles, a plurality of conductors are embedded in each trapezoid groove to form a short circuit cage bar 7, a plurality of magnetic conduction layers 8 are formed on the rotor 2 through the trapezoid grooves, a plurality of magnetic conduction layers 8 are formed on the permanent magnet auxiliary cage rotor 2 through the trapezoid grooves, the width of each magnetic conduction layer 8 has little influence on the coupling capacity of the rotor, the width of each magnetic conduction layer 8 can be equal to that of the rotor for processing, the width ratio between each magnetic conduction layer 8 and the non-magnetic conduction layer 9 can be equal, and at the moment, the magnetic conduction layers 5 with uniform thickness and the non-magnetic conduction layers 6 can be uniformly distributed on the salient poles of the 6 rotors at intervals. In order to connect the spaced magnetic conductive layers 8 into a whole, the magnetic conductive layers 8 are connected by connecting ribs 11 with equal width, and the connecting ribs 11 should ensure enough mechanical strength. A plurality of groups of trapezoidal magnetism isolating layers are arranged on the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor 2 along the axial direction by taking the central line of the salient pole of the magnetism barrier rotor as a symmetry axis, and the magnetism isolating layers are respectively combined with trapezoid grooves embedded with the short circuit cage bars 7 to form a plurality of groups of U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layers 9, so that a plurality of groups of U-shaped magnetic conductive layers 8 are also formed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stator structure of the motor according to the present invention, wherein a stator 3 is disposed inside a rotor 2 and connected to a rotating shaft 4. The outer surface of the stator 3 is evenly grooved, three-phase symmetrical stator windings 5 are embedded in the grooves, multiple layers of windings are embedded in each groove, and the windings are mutually insulated. The stator windings 5 are all short-distance distributed windings so as to improve the waveforms of motor electromotive force and magnetomotive force, reduce harmonic content and reduce the distortion rate of output voltage and current.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary permanent magnet of the motor of the invention, wherein the permanent magnet 6 embedded at the bottom of the U-shaped non-magnetic layer of the same rotor salient pole has a certain thickness but can have different widths due to the limitation of the thickness of the non-magnetic layer, and the central line of the rotor salient pole is taken as a symmetry axis. The permanent magnet 6 should be in interference fit with the non-magnetically conductive layer 9 to prevent the permanent magnet from being thrown out during rotation of the motor. The permanent magnets 6 are embedded at the bottoms of the U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layers 9, the torque expression of the permanent magnet auxiliary reluctance motor formed after embedding is shown as formula (1), and the added auxiliary permanent magnets 6 can increase the permanent magnet torque of the motor according to the formula, so that the torque density of the motor is improved. The permanent magnets 6 are arranged in a mode that the width and the magnetizing direction are changed in a sine way, namely, the permanent magnets are divided into permanent magnet blocks with different widths, and the magnetizing direction of each permanent magnet is magnetized according to the direction required by the generated sine magnetic field, so that the permanent magnetic field close to an air gap is more concentrated, the salient pole ratio of the motor is improved, and the electromagnetic torque output capacity and the permanent magnet utilization ratio are further improved; meanwhile, the permanent magnets with different magnetizing directions and different widths can enable the distribution of the air gap magnetic flux density of the motor to be more close to sine, in addition, the verticality of the d-q axis magnetic field at the rotor side can be increased by the deflection of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets, the local saturation degree of the magnetic field is reduced, and the permanent magnets 6 close to the edge of the non-magnetic conductive layer have stronger anti-demagnetizing capability.
Wherein p is the pole pair number of the motor, and psi f Flux linkage for permanent magnet, L d And L is equal to q Respectively the stator direct and quadrature axis inductances, alpha is the current vector i s And a d-axis clamping angle.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of installation of the short circuit cage bars of the motor of the invention, the short circuit cage bars 7 embedded at two sides of each U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layer 9 are connected into annular loops through the end parts, and the number of annular loops is smaller than or equal to the number of non-magnetic conductive layers, i.e. the short circuit cage bars 7 can be partially or fully embedded in the non-magnetic conductive layers 9. The embedded short circuit cage bars 7 can increase the quadrature axis magnetic resistance of the rotor and reduce the direct axis magnetic resistance of the rotor, so that the magnetic flux path in the motor rotor is more standardized, the salient pole ratio of the motor rotor is improved, and the magnetic resistance torque of the motor is improved. Meanwhile, the added short circuit cage bars 7 are similar to damping cages of the permanent magnet motor, and after the cage bars are added, the carrying capacity of the motor is improved, the output torque is increased, the torque pulsation is reduced, the dynamic characteristics are improved, and the running performance of the motor is obviously improved. The width of the non-magnetic conductive layer close to the air gap in the non-magnetic conductive layer 9 is larger than or equal to that of the non-magnetic conductive layer close to the rotating shaft, even if the non-magnetic conductive layers on two sides of the axis form a trapezoid groove shape, the purpose of the non-magnetic conductive layer is to reduce the influence of uneven current distribution in the short circuit cage bars 7 caused by the skin effect of induced current; the number of layers of the cage bars in the non-magnetic conductive layer 9 can be single-layer or multi-layer, the cage bars and the rotor are mutually insulated, the cage bars are connected together through the end parts to form a loop, the purpose of the cage bars is to reduce the influence of the skin effect of induced current in the cage bars, reduce the loss of the motor, improve the efficiency, and meanwhile, improve the air gap flux density distribution of the motor, enable the air gap to be more close to sine, and further improve the coupling capability of the rotor of the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier motor.
In conclusion, the outer rotor permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier structure provided by the invention can obviously enhance the coupling capability of the rotor, not only can improve the torque density of the motor and enhance the steady state and dynamic characteristics of the motor, but also has the advantages of novel structure, low cost, convenience in industrialization and the like.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a hybrid rotor external rotor synchronous motor, includes casing (1), the inboard supplementary cage barrier rotor of permanent magnetism (2) of casing (1), the inboard stator (3) of supplementary cage barrier rotor of permanent magnetism (2), the inboard pivot (4) of stator (3), its characterized in that: the permanent magnet auxiliary barrier rotor (2) is arranged at the outer side of the stator (3), the shell (1) is arranged at the outer side of the permanent magnet auxiliary barrier rotor (2), and the permanent magnet auxiliary barrier rotor (2) is connected with the shell (1) through a dovetail groove; the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor (2) adopts a magnetic barrier reluctance rotor formed by axially laminating, magnetic conductive layers (8) are arranged on the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor lamination, the magnetic conductive layers (8) are of a trapezoid structure, a non-magnetic conductive layer (9) is reserved between two adjacent magnetic conductive layers (8), the non-magnetic conductive layer (9) of the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor (2) is of a U-shaped shape, a segmented anisotropic magnetizing permanent magnet (6) is added at the bottom of the U-shaped of the non-magnetic layer, and short circuit cage bars (7) are embedded in the non-magnetic conductive layers (9) at two sides; a three-phase symmetrical stator winding (5) is embedded on the stator (3);
the segmented anisotropic magnetizing permanent magnet (6) adopts the segmented anisotropic magnetizing permanent magnet (6) with the width and the magnetizing direction being changed sinusoidally, so that the permanent magnetic field close to an air gap is more concentrated, the magnetic flux density distribution of the air gap of the motor is more similar to sinusoidal distribution, the harmonic content is less, and the magnetic density distribution is more uniform;
the synchronous motor rotor adopts a salient pole structure, and a groove is correspondingly formed in the inner surface of the rotor; the shape of the magnetically conductive layer is formed on the rotor around the groove, and the magnetically conductive layer is a U-shaped structure formed by two edges on the adjacent salient poles and the bottoms on the connecting parts of the two adjacent salient poles;
short-circuit cage bars (7) with different spans are embedded on two sides of each U-shaped non-magnetic conductive layer (9).
2. The hybrid rotor-external rotor synchronous motor of claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor (2) is made of laminated sheets made of silicon steel sheet materials through axial lamination, is arranged on the outer side of the stator (3), and is formed into a whole by connecting the magnetic conductive layers through connecting ribs (11) according to the width ratio between the magnetic conductive layers (8) and the non-magnetic conductive layers (9) which are proper in influence on magnetic field modulation capability.
3. The hybrid rotor-external rotor synchronous motor of claim 1, wherein: the short circuit cage bars (7) are of unequal-width structures, namely, the structures of the width close to an air gap and the width close to a rotating shaft are arranged in trapezoid non-magnetic guide layers on two sides of a rotor axis, and the ends of the short circuit cage bars (7) are connected by conductors which are symmetrical on two sides of the axis of the permanent magnet auxiliary cage barrier rotor (2) to form a plurality of groups of concentric annular loops.
CN201811107018.6A 2018-09-21 2018-09-21 Mixed rotor outer rotor synchronous motor Active CN109167501B (en)

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CN109167501B true CN109167501B (en) 2023-10-31

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05191937A (en) * 1992-01-13 1993-07-30 Sankyo Seiki Mfg Co Ltd Ac synchronous motor
WO2010124624A1 (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 浙江关西电机有限公司 Integrated hub motor and control method thereof
CN102035320A (en) * 2010-12-28 2011-04-27 上海大学 Direct drive type sinusoidal magnetic field composite permanent magnet motor
CN203151344U (en) * 2013-03-29 2013-08-21 张凤阁 Modularization mixed rotor stator duplex feeding AC motor
CN209435083U (en) * 2018-09-21 2019-09-24 沈阳工业大学 Rotor uses the outer rotor synchronous motor of mixed rotor

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103956872B (en) * 2014-04-25 2018-07-20 联合汽车电子有限公司 Permanent magnet synchronous motor and its rotor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05191937A (en) * 1992-01-13 1993-07-30 Sankyo Seiki Mfg Co Ltd Ac synchronous motor
WO2010124624A1 (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 浙江关西电机有限公司 Integrated hub motor and control method thereof
CN102035320A (en) * 2010-12-28 2011-04-27 上海大学 Direct drive type sinusoidal magnetic field composite permanent magnet motor
CN203151344U (en) * 2013-03-29 2013-08-21 张凤阁 Modularization mixed rotor stator duplex feeding AC motor
CN209435083U (en) * 2018-09-21 2019-09-24 沈阳工业大学 Rotor uses the outer rotor synchronous motor of mixed rotor

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