CN109164204B - Multi-functional constant volume burner of multiple spot ignition - Google Patents
Multi-functional constant volume burner of multiple spot ignition Download PDFInfo
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- CN109164204B CN109164204B CN201811115936.3A CN201811115936A CN109164204B CN 109164204 B CN109164204 B CN 109164204B CN 201811115936 A CN201811115936 A CN 201811115936A CN 109164204 B CN109164204 B CN 109164204B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional constant-volume combustion device capable of igniting at multiple points, which comprises a horizontal tubular constant-volume bomb main body, wherein a cylindrical boss and a sleeve mounting hole are coaxially arranged in the middle of the radial top of the constant-volume bomb main body, observation windows are respectively arranged at two axial ends of the constant-volume bomb main body, and an ignition electric control system is additionally arranged; 7 spark plug holes are uniformly distributed on the same radial plane with the sleeve mounting hole, and a plurality of accessory mounting holes are formed in the axial section of the projectile body; the observation windows at the two ends have the same structure, each observation window comprises a flange plate, a glass base, quartz glass and a gland which are sequentially connected, and the flange plates are connected with the constant volume bomb main body through threads; its advantages mainly include: various experimental researches such as spraying, premixed laminar combustion, multipoint ignition and the like can be carried out; when multi-point ignition is carried out, the ignition quantity, the ignition energy and the ignition position can be changed, and the ignition time sequence is controlled; two sets of observation windows are optimally designed, switching can be performed according to experiment contents, the optimal observation effect is achieved, and the whole observation window is easy to disassemble and assemble and convenient to clean.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power mechanical combustion, in particular to a constant volume combustion device capable of carrying out various experimental researches such as premixed laminar combustion, fuel spraying characteristics, multipoint ignition and the like.
Background
In order to save energy, reduce emission and improve heat efficiency of an engine, internal combustion engine researchers have made many researches on improving the combustion process in an engine cylinder and enhancing the understanding of the combustion mechanism of fuel, and the like, wherein obtaining the spray characteristic of the fuel and the premixed laminar combustion data thereof is a very important basic research. This part of the experimental study is usually performed on a visual simulation experimental setup. The constant-volume combustion bomb is a good engine combustion research simulation device and is generally used for researching the influence of different initial conditions (environment and temperature) and different combustion atmospheres (inert gas dilution, oxygen enrichment and lean combustion) on a fuel combustion process.
The traditional constant-volume combustion bomb is mainly applied to research on premixed laminar combustion or fuel spraying characteristics under single-point ignition, is generally only suitable for one type of research, and can rarely carry out multi-point ignition combustion test research.
Furthermore, conventional, in particular cylindrical, constant volume bombs, although designed sufficiently optimally with regard to the tightness of the optical viewing window and the experimental safety, often require the separate disassembly of the window components when cleaning the inner chamber of the constant volume bomb and the inside of the glass mirror, for example by first removing the outermost flange gland and then further removing the inner glass mirror and the glass mount. The way of separately assembling and disassembling easily causes damage to the glass sight glass after a plurality of operations, and also causes poor tightness of the optical observation window, which is not beneficial to the smooth operation of experiments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multifunctional constant volume combustion device capable of realizing multipoint ignition, aiming at realizing the purpose that various experimental researches such as spraying, premixed laminar combustion or multipoint ignition are concentrated on one experimental device.
The utility model provides a multi-functional constant volume burner of multiple spot ignition includes horizontal tubulose constant volume bullet main part 1, be equipped with sleeve mounting hole 2.1 in the middle of the radial top of constant volume bullet main part 1, the axial both ends are equipped with the observation window respectively, improve and lie in:
a cylindrical boss 2.2 is arranged on the constant volume bomb body 1 corresponding to the sleeve mounting hole 2.1, and the cylindrical boss 2.2 is coaxially communicated with the sleeve mounting hole 2.1;
except for the sleeve mounting hole 2.1, 7 spark plug holes 2 are uniformly distributed in the radial direction of the constant volume bomb main body 1, and the hole axis of the sleeve mounting hole 2.1 and the hole axes of the 7 spark plug holes 2 are in the same radial plane;
the top of the constant volume bomb main body 1 is provided with a safety valve through a safety valve mounting hole 3.5; an air inlet pipe mounting hole 3.1 and an exhaust pipe mounting hole 3.2 are respectively formed in two sides of one spark plug hole 2 in one side face of the constant volume bomb main body 1; two sides of one spark plug hole 2 on the other opposite side surface of the constant volume bomb main body 1 are respectively provided with a temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3 and a pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4;
the observation windows at the two ends have the same structure, each observation window comprises a flange plate 4, a glass base and a gland which are sequentially connected, and quartz glass is arranged between the glass base and the gland in a matching way; the flange plate 4 is connected with the constant volume bomb main body 1 through threads;
when the device is used for a fuel spray characteristic test, an oil injector is arranged on the sleeve mounting hole 2.1 of the cylindrical boss 2.2 through an oil injector seat, and other 7 spark plug holes 2 are sealed and closed; a temperature sensor is arranged at the position of a temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3, a pressure sensor is arranged at the position of a pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4, an air inlet pipeline is arranged at the position of an air inlet pipe mounting hole 3.1, and an air outlet pipeline is arranged at the position of an air outlet pipe mounting hole 3.2, so that the functions of air inlet and air outlet of the constant volume combustion device and monitoring of the internal temperature and pressure of the constant volume bomb main body 1 are realized;
when the device is used for an ignition combustion test, the sleeve mounting hole 2.1 of the cylindrical boss 2.2 is used as a spark plug hole, 8 spark plug holes are used in total, the ignition number and the ignition position are selected according to the experimental requirements, the spark plug holes which are not used for the moment are sealed and closed, and the ignition time, the ignition time sequence and the ignition energy are controlled by a corresponding ignition electronic control system; temperature sensor is installed to temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3 department, and pressure sensor is installed to pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4 department, and intake pipe mounting hole 3.1 department installs the air inlet pipeline, and exhaust pipe mounting hole 3.2 department installs the exhaust pipe to realize the air admission and exhaust of constant volume burner, and 1 inside temperature of constant volume bullet main part, pressure monitoring function.
The technical scheme for further limiting is as follows:
the wall thickness of the cylindrical boss 2.2 is 2cm, and the height is 3 cm; the outer diameter of the cylindrical boss 2.2 is larger than the aperture of the sleeve mounting hole 2.1; the flange plate 4, the glass base and the gland are coaxially and fixedly arranged together, so that the quartz glass is tightly pressed and arranged between the glass base and the gland.
When the quartz glass 7 is used for a common premixed combustion research test of single-point ignition, the diameter of the quartz glass 7 is smaller than that of the constant volume bomb main body 1 and is 110 mm; the glass base 5 is provided with double circles of holes, the outer circle is a through hole and is fastened and connected with the bolt hole on the flange plate 4 through a bolt, and the inner circle is a bolt hole and is fastened and connected with the through hole on the gland 6 through a bolt; the diameter of the gland 6 is smaller than that of the glass base 5.
When the quartz glass is used for a common premixed combustion or spray test research test of multipoint ignition, the diameter of the quartz glass 11 is larger than that of the constant volume bomb main body 1 and is 180 mm. A single-ring through hole is formed in the glass base 9; the diameter of the gland 10 is consistent with that of the glass base 9; through holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the through holes in the glass base 9, of the gland 10; and the bolt holes on the flange plate 4 are tightly connected with the through holes on the glass base 9 and the gland 10 by bolts.
The diameter of the glass base is consistent with that of the flange plate 4; the outer end face of the glass base is provided with an inner concave ring groove for bearing quartz glass, and the diameter of the inner concave ring groove is matched with that of the quartz glass; and the inner end surface of the gland is provided with a raised end cover ring table for compressing the quartz glass.
The two sides of the quartz glass are respectively provided with a pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant sealing ring gasket at the contact part of the glass base and the flange gland and at the glass base and the flange plate 4.
The ignition electric control system consists of a hardware part and a software part; the hardware part comprises a controller, 8 groups of same programmable ignition driving circuits and a computer, wherein the controller comprises an MC9S12DG128BCPV main control chip, and each group of ignition driving circuits comprises a universal igniter, an inductive high-voltage pack and a resistance type spark plug; the software part comprises bottom layer codes and an upper computer, and realizes the communication between the computer and the controller.
The programmable ignition driving circuit comprises two parts, wherein the first part consists of a clamping circuit, an RC parallel circuit and a switch circuit to realize the separation of positive and negative step signals of the controller, and the second part consists of a TN003 programmable ignition chip and a peripheral circuit to realize different ignition curve design requirements.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
1. the device integrates various experimental research functions such as fuel spray characteristics, premixed laminar combustion, multipoint ignition and the like. The multi-point ignition function is realized by arranging the plurality of spark plug holes on the constant volume bomb main body, and the influence of different ignition quantities, ignition energy and ignition positions on the combustion process can be researched; the cylindrical boss is arranged on the elastomer, and a spark plug or an oil injector can be installed in a switching way by changing the sealing flange sleeve on the elastomer, for example, the oil injector is installed and connected with corresponding oil supply equipment, so that experimental research on fuel spraying characteristics can be carried out. The invention not only has diversified research types, but also improves the utilization rate of the constant volume bomb main body and simultaneously reduces the experiment cost.
2. The multipoint ignition function of the invention realizes the multipoint ignition experimental research on the internal combustion engine simulation device, and the position, the ignition quantity, the ignition energy and the ignition time sequence of the multipoint ignition are all adjustable. The multi-point ignition can shorten the combustion time, greatly improve the combustion efficiency and the lean burn limit, and simultaneously, can also influence the transmission path of combustion pressure waves and reduce the probability of abnormal combustion of the internal combustion engine.
3. According to the invention, two sets of optical observation windows are optimally designed, and the optical observation windows have two window diameters and can be selectively installed according to experiment contents, so that the observation effect is better; in addition, compare traditional especially cylindric constant volume burning bullet, the optics observation window can wholly be dismantled, is convenient for clean elastomer inner chamber and quartz glass's inboard to can reduce the damage to quartz glass and the adverse effect of constant volume burner leakproofness when tearing alone many times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a general arrangement of a viewing window arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the constant volume bomb body in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the flange of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the glass base of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the gland of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative viewing window assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the glass base of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the gland of FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the ignition system;
FIG. 12 is a programmable ignition driver circuit diagram;
FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a hardware circuit based on a Shekal MC9S12DG128BCPV master control chip;
fig. 14 is a flowchart of a multipoint ignition main control routine.
Sequence numbers in the upper figure: the volume-constant bomb comprises a volume-constant bomb body 1, a spark plug hole 2, a sleeve mounting hole 2.1, a cylindrical boss 2.2, an air inlet pipe mounting hole 3.1, an exhaust pipe mounting hole 3.2, a temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3, a pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4, a safety valve mounting hole 3.5, a flange plate 4, a first glass base 5, a first gland 6, first quartz glass 7, a sealing ring gasket 8, a second glass base 9 (wherein, the inner concave ring groove is 5.1 or 9.1), a second gland 10 (wherein, the end cover ring platform is 6.1 or 10.1) and second quartz glass 11.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a multi-functional constant volume burner of multiple spot ignition includes horizontal tubulose constant volume bullet main part 1, be equipped with sleeve mounting hole 2.1 in the middle of the radial top of constant volume bullet main part 1, the axial both ends are equipped with the observation window respectively, improve and lie in:
referring to fig. 3, a cylindrical boss 2.2 is arranged on the constant volume bomb body 1 corresponding to the sleeve mounting hole 2.1, and the cylindrical boss 2.2 is coaxially communicated with the sleeve mounting hole 2.1; the wall thickness of cylindric boss 2.2 is 2cm, and the height is 3cm, and the external diameter of cylindric boss 2.1 is greater than the aperture of sleeve mounting hole 2.2. Except the sleeve mounting hole 2.1, the radial direction of the constant volume bullet main body 1 is also evenly distributed with 7 spark plug holes 2, and the hole axis of the sleeve mounting hole 2.2 and the hole axis of the 7 spark plug holes 2 are in the same radial plane.
Referring to fig. 4, the top of the constant volume bomb main body 1 is provided with a safety valve through a safety valve mounting hole 3.5; an air inlet pipe mounting hole 3.1 and an exhaust pipe mounting hole 3.2 are respectively formed in two sides of one spark plug hole 2 in one side face of the constant volume bomb main body 1; and a temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3 and a pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4 are respectively formed in two sides of one spark plug hole 2 on the other opposite side surface of the constant volume bomb main body 1.
The observation windows at the two ends have the same structure, each observation window comprises a flange plate 4, a glass base and a gland which are connected in sequence, and quartz glass is arranged between the glass base and the gland in a matching way; the flange plate 4 is connected with the constant volume bomb main body 1 through threads.
Example 1
For ordinary premixed laminar combustion
Referring to fig. 1, in a normal premixed combustion test for single-point ignition, the diameter of the quartz glass 7 is smaller than that of the body 1 of the constant volume bomb, and is 110 mm. When the conventional premixed laminar combustion is carried out, the constant-volume combustion device mainly carries out a combustion test under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the device is heated by an additionally arranged heating shell (not shown), the shape and the size of the heating shell are matched with those of the constant-volume combustion device, when the premixed laminar combustion is carried out, the whole constant-volume combustion device is placed in the heating shell, the heating shell is electrified to realize the heating and heat preservation of the constant-volume combustion device, and the temperature of an inner cavity of the constant-volume bomb main body 1 can be adjusted within 100-400 ℃. In addition, the initial pressure of the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb can be adjusted through the gas distribution mode of the high-pressure gas cylinder, and the adjustment range of the initial pressure is 1-5 bar. The initial conditions of high temperature and high pressure can make the pressure of the combustion process higher, so the quartz glass with smaller diameter and thicker diameter is designed as an observation sight glass, and the safety and smooth proceeding of the test are ensured.
The ignition position is in the center of the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb body 1, a slender steel wire welded at the positive and negative electrodes of the spark plug is changed into the ignition electrode, an external thread is arranged on the ignition electrode and matched with the internal thread on the spark plug hole 2, so that the positive and negative electrodes of the ignition electrode are installed on the symmetrical spark plug holes 2 through threaded connection, preferably on a pair of spark plug holes with symmetrical front and back surfaces, and the electrode discharge position is adjusted at the center of the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb body 1 by changing the length of the steel wire extending into the constant volume bomb body 1 and enabling the steel wires to be parallel and opposite. While the remaining spark plug holes are sealed with correspondingly sized spacer bolts.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the inner diameter of the sleeve mounting hole 2.1 is larger than that of other mounting holes, but does not exceed the radius of the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1, the outer surface of the cylindrical boss 2.2 is provided with bolt holes, the flange sleeve is connected with the sealing flange matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve mounting hole 2.1 through bolts, and different types of mounting holes can be formed in the flange sleeve according to different requirements to mount a spark plug or an oil sprayer. In conducting the premixed laminar flow combustion test with single ignition, the flange sleeve is preferably closed.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4 again, the accessory mounting holes 3 formed in the constant volume bomb body 1 are mainly distributed on the front, back and top surfaces of the device shown in the drawings, and are mainly symmetrically distributed on two sides of the corresponding spark plug holes 2, so that the holes formed in the entire constant volume bomb body 1 are relatively regular. The fitting mounting hole 3 is specifically a mounting hole with internal threads, and the mounting hole is connected with other equipment through a conduit. The number of the accessory mounting holes is 5, and the accessory mounting holes comprise an air inlet pipe mounting hole 3.1, an exhaust pipe mounting hole 3.2, a temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3, a pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4 and a safety valve mounting hole 3.5. The air inlet pipe mounting hole 3.1 is connected with an air inlet pipe and a corresponding air distribution system, and the accurate air distribution is realized through a partial pressure principle and is conveyed into the constant volume bomb main body 1; the exhaust pipe mounting hole 3.2 is connected with an exhaust pipe and an exhaust system including a vacuum pump, exhaust gas is exhausted after each premixed combustion test is finished, the exhaust gas in the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1 is generally firstly exhausted to normal pressure, and then the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing; corresponding sensors are respectively arranged in the temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3 and the pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4 and are connected with a data acquisition card and a display instrument so as to monitor and display the internal temperature and pressure of the constant volume bomb main body 1; the safety valve is arranged on the safety valve mounting hole 3.5, and when the pressure of the inner cavity of the body 1 of the constant volume bomb is higher than a certain limit value, the pressure is relieved, so that the safety of the test is guaranteed. In the conventional constant volume combustion device or the constant volume combustion device disclosed by the invention, the accessory mounting hole is indispensable for the whole experiment system and is an important arrangement for connecting the constant volume combustion device with related accessory facilities so as to form a complete experiment platform; in the multifunctional constant-volume combustion device, common premixed laminar combustion needs to perform partial pressure distribution, air intake, exhaust and vacuum pumping, real-time monitoring of temperature and pressure in a test and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 5 again, the two ends of the constant volume bomb body 1 are provided with grooves and external threads, the inner annular surface of the flange plate 4 is provided with internal threads 4.1 which can be matched and connected with the external threads on the grooves at the two ends of the constant volume bomb body 1, the flange plate 4, the glass base 5 and the gland 6 are coaxially and tightly installed together, so that the quartz glass 7 is tightly pressed and installed between the glass base 5 and the gland 6. In the observation window shown in fig. 1, the diameter of the quartz glass 7 is smaller and does not exceed the diameter of the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1 and is 110 mm. At the moment, the glass base 5 is provided with an inner ring bolt hole and an outer ring through hole, the diameter of the gland 6 is smaller than that of the glass base 5, and a single ring of through hole is arranged on the gland. The through hole on the gland 6 is connected with the inner ring bolt hole on the glass base 5 through bolt fastening, and the outer ring through hole on the glass base 5 is connected with the bolt hole on the flange plate 4 through bolt fastening.
Referring again to fig. 6 and 7, there are shown the glass base 5 and the gland 6, respectively, shown in fig. 1. The outer end face of the glass base 5 is provided with an inner concave ring groove 5.1 for bearing the quartz glass 7, and the diameter of the inner concave ring groove 5.1 is matched with that of the quartz glass 7; the gland 6 is an end cover ring table 6.1 with a bulge on the inner end surface for compressing the quartz glass 7. The flange plate 4 is in threaded connection with the constant volume bomb body 1 and is generally not detached, and the glass base 5, the gland 6 and the quartz glass 7 are connected together and then are generally detached and separated from the flange plate 4 integrally. The whole body is disassembled, so that the replacement is convenient, and the inner side of the optical observation window and the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1 are convenient to clean; the integral disassembly can also avoid the problems of poor sealing, glass damage and the like which are possibly caused by disassembling the glass base 5, the flange gland 6 and the quartz glass 7 for multiple times when the quartz glass 7 is not damaged at all.
Referring to fig. 1 again, the contact positions of the two surfaces of the quartz glass 7 with the glass base 5 and the flange gland 6 and the contact positions of the glass base 5 and the annular flange 4 are both provided with pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant sealing ring gaskets 8, namely graphite gaskets. The gasket is compressed through the fastening connecting bolt, so that the sealing problems at two ends of the constant volume bomb body 1 can be fully guaranteed, and the smooth experiment is guaranteed.
Example 2
For multipoint ignition or fuel spray characteristic research
Referring to fig. 8, 9 and 10, in a research test of a common premixed combustion or spray characteristic for multi-point ignition, the diameter of the quartz glass 11 is 180mm larger than that of the constant volume bomb body 1; the flange plate 4, the glass base 9 and the gland 10 are coaxially and fixedly arranged together, so that the quartz glass 11
Is mounted between the glass base 9 and the gland 10 in a pressing manner.
At the moment, the glass base 9 and the gland 10 are both provided with a single circle of through holes and are fixedly connected with the bolt holes on the flange plate 4 through bolts, and the diameter of the gland 10 is consistent with that of the glass base 9. The window is arranged in a large observation range, so that the combustion process near each ignition point in the constant volume bomb body 1 during multipoint ignition can be observed, or the whole structure of the spray oil beam can be conveniently observed during research on spray characteristics. Because the diameter of the observation window shown in fig. 8 is large, the observation window is not suitable for being directly connected with the constant volume bomb body 1 through bolts and is connected with the constant volume bomb body 1 through the flange plate 4. The diameter of the flange plate 4 is larger than that of the constant volume bomb main body 1 and is consistent with that of the glass base 9 or the glass base 5.
Continuing to refer to fig. 9 and 10, there is shown the glass base 9, and the gland 10, respectively, of fig. 8. The outer end face of the glass base 9 is provided with an inner concave ring groove 9.1 for bearing the quartz glass 11, and the diameter of the inner concave ring groove 9.1 is matched with that of the quartz glass 11; the gland 10 is an end cap ring 10.1 with a bulge on the inner end surface for compressing the quartz glass 11. The flange plate 4 is in threaded connection with the constant volume bomb main body 1 and is not generally detached, and after the glass base 9, the gland 10 and the quartz glass 11 are connected together, the glass base and the flange plate 4 are generally detached and separated integrally, so that the replacement is convenient, and the inner side of the optical observation window and the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1 are convenient to clean. The integral disassembly can also avoid the problems of poor sealing, glass damage and the like which are possibly caused by disassembling the glass base 9, the gland 10 and the quartz glass 11 for multiple times when the quartz glass 11 is not damaged.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3 again, the number of the spark plug holes 2 (only one of the spark plug holes 2 is marked in the figure, and the other spark plug holes are not marked repeatedly) is 1-8, so that the number of the ignition points can reach 1-8. The eight spark plug holes 2 are arranged in the volume-constant bomb body 1, the wall surfaces of the center of the volume-constant bomb body 1 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, the influence of pressure wave reflection of two end surfaces on flame propagation can be ignored, and the influence of pressure waves generated by ignition and combustion at each ignition position on the combustion process is focused.
In the multipoint ignition test, a hole for installing a spark plug is preferably arranged on the flange sleeve on the cylindrical boss 2.2, and 8 spark plug holes are selected. The number of multipoint ignition is 2 ~ 8, and the ignition position can be in inner chamber wall, center or other different positions. The spark plug can be directly installed in the spark plug hole 2 and ignited at the wall surface, and a long and thin steel wire welded at the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the spark plug can be changed into an ignition electrode which is provided with an external thread and matched with an internal thread on the spark plug hole 2, so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the ignition electrode are installed on the symmetrical spark plug holes 2 through threaded connection, the length of the steel wire extending into the constant volume bomb main body 1 can be changed, the steel wires are parallel and opposite, the position of the electrode discharge in the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1 can be adjusted, and the center of the constant volume bomb main body 1 can be located or close to the wall. The other 7 spark plug holes 2 except the sleeve mounting hole 2.1 are matched and processed with sealing parts with corresponding sizes, and after the ignition number and the ignition position are selected according to the test requirements, the spark plug holes 2 which are not used in the sealing test can be sealed. For example, if two-point ignition is performed, the first ignition position is at the center of the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1, the negative electrode of one spark plug can be sawn off, a steel wire with a certain length is welded at the positive electrode, the spark plug is screwed into one spark plug hole 2 in a threaded manner, the tail end of the steel wire is ensured to be right at the center of the inner cavity, a sealing bolt is screwed on the other spark plug hole 2 which is symmetrical to the steel wire, and the tail part of the bolt is also welded with the steel wire with a certain length and extends into the center of the constant volume bomb main body 1; the second ignition position is near the wall surface, and a spark plug can be directly installed into the spark plug hole 2, or the wire length can be adjusted to ignite on the wall surface according to the first method. The remaining temporarily unused spark plug holes 2 can be sealed with gasket bolts.
When a multi-point ignition test is carried out, 8-path ignition is realized by an ignition electric control system. The ignition starting time and the ignition energy of each path can be independently adjusted, and the required ignition time sequence can be formed by configuring different ignition time of each spark plug. Ignition electronic control system composition block diagram see fig. 11, which is composed of a hardware portion and a software portion. The hardware part mainly comprises a controller circuit, an ignition driving circuit and bottom software. The controller uses a Freescale MC9S12DG128BCPV master control chip, a hardware circuit diagram of the controller is shown in FIG. 13, a MAX3232ESE chip on the left side in the diagram realizes the connection and communication between the controller and a computer, and a PA port on the MC9S12DG128BCPV master control chip realizes the pulse signal transmission between the controller and an ignition drive circuit; because the ignition system uses inductive ignition and in order to simplify the hardware design, the ignition driving circuit uses a Tianlong intelligent point mini universal igniter, an inductive high-voltage pack and a resistance type spark plug, and 8 groups of same driving circuits are needed for realizing 8 paths of ignition. The software part consists of a bottom layer code and an upper computer and realizes the communication between the computer and the controller.
The ignition driving circuit is shown in fig. 12, and uses a TN003 ignition chip, which is packaged by using a TSSOP20 patch, does not need an external crystal oscillator, supports 3.3V and 5.5V working voltages, and can be used for alternating current CDI, direct current CDI and PEI inductive ignition control. The single-lug boss trigger ignition, the double-lug boss trigger ignition and the square wave trigger ignition are realized. The ignition driving circuit mainly comprises two parts, wherein the first part comprises a clamping circuit, an RC parallel circuit and a switch circuit to realize the separation of positive and negative step signals of the controller, and the second part comprises a TN003 programmable ignition chip and a peripheral circuit to realize the design requirements of different ignition curves.
A first part: the PA receives a pulse signal sent by the controller, the pulse signal consists of positive pulses and negative pulses, the alternating current component of the pulse signal is transmitted to a grid of a Q5 through a C8, an original pulse signal and a signal separated to C8 are clamped by a clamping circuit, and Schottky diodes DZ3 and DZ6 keep the voltage difference of an upper circuit and a lower circuit at 3.3V, so that the situation that the rear-stage MOS transistor is damaged due to the fact that the voltage of the pulse signal is too large is avoided. R11, C6 and R16, C9 constitute two RC circuits that connect in parallel, electric capacity C6 and C9 guarantee that the pulse step signal can be passed fast to Q3 grid and Q5 source respectively, electric capacity R11 and R16 can weaken the energy of low frequency signal, guarantee that the MOS pipe can close completely. When the forward step of the pulse signal comes, the gate of the Q3 is at a high level, the MOS transistor is turned on, the P1 is changed from an original high level to a low level, the MOS transistor is turned off after the forward step is finished, and the P1 is changed from the low level to the high level. Similarly, when a negative step comes, the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the Q5 exceeds the turn-on voltage, the MOS transistor is turned on, at this time, the P2 changes from the high voltage to the low voltage, and the P2 changes from the low voltage to the high voltage at the end of the negative step. In the above, the controller positive step signal is derived from P1 and the controller negative step signal is derived from P2.
A second part: the TN003 chip receives the firing signals transmitted by the P1 and the P2, and the firing signals are normally fired according to the set firing curves received by the TX and RX serial port pins. C19, C20 are used for power supply filtering, and provide stable voltage signals for VDD, RST is a reset pin, VCC is pulled up, and reset is forbidden. The PEI pin of the chip is internally provided with push-pull output, has strong driving capability, realizes PEI inductance ignition, and is directly connected with an external inductance type high-voltage pack.
The ignition timing sequence and energy realization method comprises the following steps: for single-path ignition, pulse signals with a certain time length are generated to realize the energy charging of an inductance high-voltage package in a driving circuit, the starting point of the pulse signals is the starting point of the energy charging of the high-voltage package, and the ending point of the pulse signals is the ending point of the energy charging of the high-voltage package. Due to electromagnetic induction, when the signal is ended, the current in the inductor suddenly drops to cause that high back electromotive force is generated at two ends of the high-voltage package and is transmitted to two electrodes of a spark plug connected with the high-voltage package to break down air for ignition. The effective time length (from the starting point to the ending point) of the pulse signal is the charging time of the high-voltage packet, so that the ignition energy is positively correlated with the effective time length, and the actual ignition time is the time of the ending point of the pulse signal.
The principle of multipoint ignition is similar to that of single point ignition, and the main control program flow chart thereof refers to fig. 14. The controller utilizes the I/O port to control ignition, and the MC9S12DG128BCPV-PA port is a group of I/O ports, and has 8I/O pins in total, thereby meeting the 8-way control requirement. Firstly, the upper computer transmits the starting time of pulse signals of each spark plug and the effective duration (ignition energy) of the pulse signals to the lower computer, and the signals are transmitted at one time. The format is as follows: t1, μ 1, t2, μ 2, t3, μ 3, t4, μ 4, t5, μ 5, t6, μ 6, t7, μ 7, t8, μ 8. ti and mu i correspond to the starting time of a pulse signal of a certain spark plug and the effective duration of the pulse signal, and if the ignition of the certain spark plug is not needed, corresponding mu i =0 is set. The controller initially sets the clock frequency of the main timer to be 1000Hz and the initial value of count to be 0. The count value is added with 1 every 1 millisecond, and the actual time can be judged through the count value. And comparing the count value with 8 ti values and 8 ti + mui values every 1ms, if the count = ti, jumping the corresponding I/O from low level to high level, starting charging, otherwise, keeping the low level unchanged, if the count = ti + mui, jumping the corresponding I/O from high level to low level, ending charging, and otherwise, keeping the high level unchanged.
When a fuel spraying characteristic test is carried out, a mounting hole matched with the oil injector seat is formed in the flange sleeve, the oil injector is mounted on the oil injector seat, the size is reasonably designed to enable the oil injector to be just exposed to one point in the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1, the spray oil beam is prevented from being interfered by the wall surface of the constant volume bomb, the oil injector is connected with corresponding oil supply equipment during the test, and the fuel spraying characteristic test research can be carried out by considering the application universality of a common rail oil injection system and preferably connecting the common rail oil injector test bed. The setting of sleeve mounting hole 2.1 makes this constant volume burner can carry out diversified experimental study, has improved the utilization ratio of constant volume bullet main part 1, has reduced the experiment cost.
In the multipoint ignition or spray test, the fitting mounting hole 3 was the same as in the case of the one-point ignition in example 1. The air inlet pipe mounting hole 3.1 is connected with an air inlet pipe and a corresponding air distribution system, and the accurate air distribution is realized through a partial pressure principle and is conveyed into the constant volume bomb main body 1; the exhaust pipe mounting hole 3.2 is connected with an exhaust pipe and an exhaust system including a vacuum pump, and exhaust gas is exhausted after each test is finished, generally, the exhaust gas in the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb main body 1 is firstly exhausted to normal pressure, and then is vacuumized by the vacuum pump; corresponding sensors are respectively arranged in the temperature sensor mounting hole 3.3 and the pressure sensor mounting hole 3.4 and are connected with a data acquisition card and a display instrument so as to monitor and display the internal temperature and pressure of the constant volume bomb main body 1; the safety valve is arranged in the safety valve mounting hole 3.5, and the pressure is released when the pressure in the inner cavity of the constant volume bomb body 1 is too high, so that the safety of the test is fully ensured. Therefore, in both examples 1 and 2, partial pressure distribution air inlet, exhaust and vacuum pumping, real-time temperature pressure monitoring in the test and the like are required.
Referring to fig. 8 again, the contact positions of the two surfaces of the quartz glass 11 with the glass base 9 and the flange gland 10 and the contact positions of the glass base 9 and the annular flange 4 are both provided with pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant seal ring gaskets 8, namely graphite gaskets. Through fastening connecting bolt, the gasket is sticis, can fully guarantee the sealed problem at projectile body both ends, has guaranteed going on smoothly of experiment.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many changes in the specific forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a multi-functional constant volume burner of multiple spot ignition, includes horizontal tubulose constant volume bullet main part (1), be equipped with sleeve mounting hole (2.1) in the middle of the radial top of constant volume bullet main part (1), the axial both ends are equipped with observation window, its characterized in that respectively:
a cylindrical boss (2.2) is arranged on the constant volume bomb main body (1) corresponding to the sleeve mounting hole (2.1), and the cylindrical boss (2.2) is coaxially communicated with the sleeve mounting hole (2.1);
besides the sleeve mounting hole (2.1), 7 spark plug holes (2) are uniformly distributed in the radial direction of the constant volume bomb main body (1), and the hole axis of the sleeve mounting hole (2.1) and the hole axes of the 7 spark plug holes (2) are in the same radial plane;
the top of the constant volume bomb main body (1) is provided with a safety valve through a safety valve mounting hole (3.5); an air inlet pipe mounting hole (3.1) and an exhaust pipe mounting hole (3.2) are respectively formed in two sides of one spark plug hole (2) on one side face of the constant volume bomb main body (1); two sides of one spark plug hole (2) on the other opposite side surface of the constant volume bomb main body (1) are respectively provided with a temperature sensor mounting hole (3.3) and a pressure sensor mounting hole (3.4);
the observation windows at the two ends have the same structure, each observation window comprises a flange (4), a glass base and a gland which are sequentially connected, and quartz glass is arranged between the glass base and the gland in a matching way; the flange plate (4) is connected with the constant volume bomb main body (1) through threads;
when the device is used for a fuel spray characteristic test, an oil injector is arranged on the sleeve mounting hole (2.1) of the cylindrical boss (2.2) through an oil injector seat, and the other 7 spark plug holes (2) are sealed and closed; a temperature sensor is arranged at a temperature sensor mounting hole (3.3), a pressure sensor is arranged at a pressure sensor mounting hole (3.4), an air inlet pipeline is arranged at an air inlet pipe mounting hole (3.1), and an air outlet pipeline is arranged at an air outlet pipe mounting hole (3.2) so as to realize the functions of air inlet and outlet of the constant volume combustion device and monitoring the internal temperature and pressure of the constant volume bomb main body (1);
when the device is used for an ignition combustion test, the sleeve mounting hole (2.1) of the cylindrical boss (2.2) is used as a spark plug hole, the number and the position of ignition are selected according to the experimental requirements, the spark plug holes which are not used for the moment are sealed and closed, and the ignition time, the ignition time sequence and the ignition energy are controlled by a corresponding ignition electronic control system; temperature sensor is installed to temperature sensor mounting hole (3.3) department, and pressure sensor is installed to pressure sensor mounting hole (3.4) department, and intake pipe mounting hole (3.1) department installation air inlet pipeline, exhaust pipe mounting hole (3.2) department installation exhaust pipeline to realize constant volume burner's air inlet and exhaust, and constant volume bullet main part (1) inside temperature, pressure monitoring function.
2. The multifunctional constant-volume combustion device with multipoint ignition function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the wall thickness of the cylindrical boss (2.2) is 2cm, and the height of the cylindrical boss is 3 cm; and the outer diameter of the cylindrical boss (2.2) is larger than the aperture of the sleeve mounting hole (2.1).
3. The multifunctional constant-volume combustion device with multipoint ignition function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the flange plate (4), the glass base and the gland are coaxially and fixedly arranged together, so that the quartz glass is tightly pressed and arranged between the glass base and the gland.
4. A multi-point ignition multifunctional constant volume combustion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the quartz glass is used for a common premixed combustion research test of single-point ignition, the diameter of the quartz glass (7) is smaller than that of the constant volume bomb main body (1) and is 110 mm; the glass base (5) is provided with double circles of holes, the outer circle is a through hole and is fastened and connected with the bolt hole on the flange plate (4) through a bolt, and the inner circle is a bolt hole and is fastened and connected with the through hole on the gland (6) through a bolt; the diameter of the gland (6) is smaller than that of the glass base (5).
5. A multi-point ignition multifunctional constant volume combustion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the quartz glass is used for a common premixed combustion or spray test research test of multipoint ignition, the diameter of the quartz glass (11) is larger than that of the constant volume bomb main body (1) and is 180 mm;
a single-ring through hole is formed in the glass base (9); the diameter of the gland (10) is consistent with that of the glass base (9); through holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the through holes in the glass base (9), of the gland (10); and the bolt holes on the flange plate (4) are fixedly connected with the glass base (9) and the through holes on the gland (10) by bolts.
6. A multi-point ignition multifunctional constant volume combustion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the diameter of the glass base is consistent with that of the flange plate (4); the outer end face of the glass base is provided with an inner concave ring groove for bearing quartz glass, and the diameter of the inner concave ring groove is matched with that of the quartz glass; and the inner end surface of the gland is provided with a raised end cover ring table for compressing the quartz glass.
7. The multifunctional constant-volume combustion device with multipoint ignition function as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the two sides of the quartz glass are respectively contacted with the glass base, the flange gland and the flange plate (4), and pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant sealing ring gaskets are arranged at the contact parts of the glass base and the flange plate (4).
8. The multifunctional constant-volume combustion device with multipoint ignition function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ignition electric control system consists of a hardware part and a software part; the hardware part comprises a controller, 8 groups of same programmable ignition driving circuits and a computer, wherein the controller comprises an MC9S12DG128BCPV main control chip, and each group of programmable ignition driving circuits comprises a universal igniter, an inductive high-voltage pack and a resistance type spark plug; the software part comprises bottom layer codes and an upper computer, and realizes the communication between the computer and the controller.
9. The multifunctional constant-volume combustion device with multipoint ignition function as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the programmable ignition driving circuit comprises two parts, wherein the first part consists of a clamping circuit, an RC parallel circuit and a switch circuit to realize the separation of positive and negative step signals of the controller, and the second part consists of a TN003 programmable ignition chip and a peripheral circuit to realize different ignition curve design requirements.
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| CN110806318B (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-09-11 | 燕山大学 | Two-dimensional flat visual constant-volume combustion bomb |
| CN113203102A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-03 | 上海交通大学 | Electrode gap adjustable discharging device and working method |
| CN113653582B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Large-view-field high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant constant-volume bomb window |
| CN113588554B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-06-03 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | High-voltage-resistance visual window suitable for optical measurement of wide-orifice included-angle oil sprayer |
| CN114894955B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-09-01 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一三研究所 | Semitransparent low-pressure gas combustion chamber structure |
| CN114910602B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2024-03-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一三研究所 | High-pressure combustion chamber structure for oxyhydrogen closed explosion research |
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