CN109164038A - Coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro under Dynamic Loading - Google Patents

Coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro under Dynamic Loading Download PDF

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CN109164038A
CN109164038A CN201810876999.4A CN201810876999A CN109164038A CN 109164038 A CN109164038 A CN 109164038A CN 201810876999 A CN201810876999 A CN 201810876999A CN 109164038 A CN109164038 A CN 109164038A
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test model
plane
coarse
fissure
curve
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CN109164038B (en
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鞠杨
万昌兵
刘鹏
刘红彬
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications

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Abstract

A kind of coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, comprising: test model vertical load system, for applying Plumb load to test model and controlling impact sliding guiding, test model is embedded with coarse fissure-plane;Experiments of Optics system, for capturing Photoelastic Fringe Pattern picture of test model during coarse fissure-plane shearing slip;Horizontal light-gas gun impact system, for applying dynamic stress wave effect to test model by way of the bullet for emitting default impact velocity value to test model;Digital signal control system, the collaborative work of Experiments of Optics system, horizontal light-gas gun impact system and test model vertical load system for control are also used to control the synchronization that pulse laser emission and high speed camera when bullet impact is tested model are shot.Realize the transparence display to fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field, can transparence display and quantitatively characterizing dynamic stress wave propagated along coarse fissure-plane and shearing slip Dynamic stress field Evolution.

Description

Coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro under Dynamic Loading
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to Dynamic stress field field of measuring technique, in particular to coarse under being acted under a kind of Dynamic Loading Fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro.
Background technique
Coal mine digging is generally carried out in underground, and coal mine underground mining work activities necessarily cause lane cave wall-rock crack to be developed, and is being covered Under the dynamic stress wave effect that the factors such as rock fracture, exploitation disturbance, engineering explosion, mine disaster generate, crack coffer mechanics are special Property can significantly change, and affect the stability of lane cave country rock and lane cave supporting construction.Simultaneously as self-open face has Certain roughness can quantify table by coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field Evolution under research stress wave activity Coarse fissure-plane sliding rupture rule and stress wave propagation and attenuation law under stress wave activity are levied, thus to determine adjacent lane cave Safe distance design and construction provides reference, has important engineering significance.
Traditional experiment research, which focuses primarily upon, drills tomography, joint, fissure-plane dynamic slippage stress field under stress wave activity The qualitative description of law and stress wave propagation removes transparence display there has been no a kind of experimental method so far and quantitatively characterizing is dynamic State stress wave is propagated along coarse fissure-plane and shearing slip Dynamic stress field Evolution.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, with It realizes transparence display and quantitatively characterizing dynamic stress wave is propagated along coarse fissure-plane and shearing slip Dynamic stress field evolution rule Rule.
To achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A kind of coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, comprising:
Test model vertical load system, for applying Plumb load and control impact sliding guiding, institute to test model It states test model and is embedded with coarse fissure-plane;
Experiments of Optics system, for capturing photoelastic striped of test model during the coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Image;
Horizontal light-gas gun impact system, for by way of the bullet for emitting default impact velocity value to test model pair Test model applies dynamic stress wave effect;
Digital signal control system, for controlling Experiments of Optics system, horizontal light-gas gun impact system and the test The collaborative work of model vertical load system is also used to control pulse laser emission and optics when bullet impact is tested model The synchronization of high speed camera shooting in experimental system.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, the test model it is coarse The section curve of fissure-plane is splicing bar curve.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, the splicing bar curve Generating process are as follows:
Select one section of bar of curve AD in the required curve used, what the required curve used referred to pre-seting coarse splits The corresponding curve of gap draws a solid horizontal line to the upright position of left end point A, measurement from a bar curve right endpoint D for selection The horizontal distance L1 of curve AD is obtained, the solid horizontal line intersects at B with described bar curve AD, if BD length is greater than X- L1, then along B point, frame selects horizontal length for the region BC of X-L1 to the right, obtains the curve BC for being included in the BC of region;If BD Length is less than X-L1, then selecting horizontal length to left frame along B point is the region CB of X-L1, obtains the curve for being included in the CB of region CB obtains curve BC by curve CB along vertical direction mirror image, and the curve BC is spliced to the right end of described bar of curve AD On point D, splicing bar curve AE is obtained, wherein the X is the coarse crack horizontal length.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, coarse fissure-plane is by CT Scanning and Three Dimensional Reconfiguration, are scanned crack Coal-body Structure, and scan slice is carried out three-dimensionalreconstruction, acquisition it is true Fissure-plane, using the true fissure-plane as the coarse fissure-plane of test model.
Preferably, it in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, is also set in the test model Be equipped with it is multiple with reference to measuring point for being detected to coarse curved surface so that high speed camera described refers to measuring point position by detecting The variation set, captures the shearing slip changing of the relative positions situation of place's test model located horizontally from the emitter, and each coarse fissure-plane is matched with pair The reference measuring point answered, also, the mark that reference measuring point arrangement corresponding to different coarse fissure-planes is different.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, plenum chamber, with the high pressure The connected gun tube of gas chamber, is removably arranged in the bullet of the free end of the gun tube, and the bullet is used for shock-testing Model.
7, coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Test model vertical load system, comprising:
For fixing the L shape cushion block of the test model, the inside of the L shape cushion block is towards the test model, and institute The cross bolster for stating L shape cushion block is located at the top of the test model;
It is set to the ball bearing of the cross bolster outer surface;
Load backing plate towards the ball bearing;
The loading motor pressure head being connected with the loading pad backboard to the face of ball bearing;
It is set to the mould holder of the test model bottom;
The axially loaded motor to stretch for controlling the mould holder being connected with the mould holder;
Frame loading frame provides branch for fixing loading motor pressure head and axially loaded motor, and for the mould holder Support.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, the cross of the L shape cushion block 301 It is provided with groove structure on one side towards the test model to cushion block, for locking the L shape cushion block 301 and the test mould Type contact portion.
Preferably, in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, Experiments of Optics system, comprising:
Pulsed laser light source;
Beam expanding lens, polarizer, the first quarter wave plate, being successively set on the transmission path of the pulsed laser light source Two quarter wave plates, analyser and high speed camera combination.
Preferably, it in above-mentioned coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, in Experiments of Optics system, also wraps It includes:
Adjustable spectroscope hangs down respectively for test model emitting light path to be extended to the light beam in multiple and different directions Corresponding each rotatable wave plate in excessively described second quarter wave plate of direct puncture and analyser A microscope group;
Second quarter wave plate QA microscope group and analyser A microscope group are made of the factor optical wave plate of the same race of multiple diameter 200mm
Second quarter wave plate is the quarter wave plate microscope group for the multiple wave plates composition being adjusted by rotation, and the analyser includes Multiple specifications of the same race revolve wave plate
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, it in technical solution, can make full use of described disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application The Experiments of Optics system of test macro, horizontal light-gas gun impact system, test model vertical load system, and pass through number letter Number control system controls the effect of these systematic collaborations, using the test model of the embedded 3D printing for penetrating coarse fissure-plane, to survey Die trial type carries out vertical preloading, High-velocity Projectiles impact and high speed camera and shoots and pass through Experiments of Optics system capture test model Photoelastic Fringe Pattern picture during the coarse fissure-plane shearing slip is realized to fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field Transparence display, can transparence display and quantitatively characterizing dynamic stress wave is propagated along coarse fissure-plane and shearing slip is dynamically answered Field of force Evolution.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test system structure signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure;
Fig. 2 is the coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test system provided in an embodiment of the present invention without optical splitter The structural schematic diagram of system;
Fig. 3 is the coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro provided in an embodiment of the present invention containing optical splitter Structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of test model loading device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that coarse fissure-plane provided in an embodiment of the present invention generates conceptual scheme;
Fig. 6 is improved bar provided in an embodiment of the present invention curve synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 is dynamic photoelasticity provided in an embodiment of the present invention " six step phase shift methods " microscope group arrangement schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is dynamic photoelasticity provided in an embodiment of the present invention " four-stepped switching policy " microscope group arrangement schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Applicant has found after study, can analyze the insert structure face under stress wave activity well using astatic light bomb experiment Astatic light bomb experiment is combined the three-dimensionalreconstruction to grow up in recent years and 3D printing skill by geologic body dynamic slip characteristics, applicant Art, and by means of phase-shifted digital photoelastic method proposes coarse fissure-plane shearing slip dynamic under a kind of impact loading and answers The transparent test macro and analysis method in the field of force, this method pass through the quantification to coarse fissure-plane Dynamic stress field evolutionary process And transparence, realize the research to the coarse fissure-plane dynamic slip mechanism of lane cave country rock, and entire slipping can accurately be presented The propagation of stress wave and attenuation law, the design for being the reasonable spacing of adjacent mines roadway cave and crack country rock are in dynamic stress wave disturbance Under shearing slip, fracture phenomena provide it is reasonable explain, the theoretical reference of prediction and prevention and treatment.
Based on the above situation, it invents coarse under the impact loading that one kind can be more accurate, vivid, easy, safe The transparent test macro and analysis method of fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field have important theory significance and practical application Value.For this purpose, the present invention provides a kind of transparent test of coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field under impact loading System and analysis method impact transparent photosensitive resin test model by High-velocity Projectiles and simulate external dynamic stress wave disturbance, interior Embedding to penetrate coarse fissure-plane simulation nature lane cave wall-rock crack face, the vertical prestressing force simulation nature of servo motor load is vertically Stress condition obtains dynamic photoelasticity bar graph by high speed camera and Experiments of Optics system, by photoelastic " four-stepped switching policy " and " six step phase shift methods " obtains each moment isoclinic angle phasor of model respectively and isochromatic wraps up phasor, using image processing techniques, The obvious discontinuous zigzag fashion that isoclinic angle phasor occurs under monochromatic source incidence is repaired, then handles to obtain the by unpacking One (or second) principal stress direction angle and isochromatic remove package phasor.Stress separation is finally carried out, is obtained under impact loading Coarse fissure-plane dynamic shearing slipping whole audience stress distribution;Meanwhile based on elastic stress wave dynamic under plane stress condition The fundamental relation of parameter and deviator stress, by dynamic isochromatic fringe pattern transparence display dynamic stress wave wavefront propagation track, By the distribution quantitatively characterizing dynamic stress wave of Dynamic stress field along coarse fissure-plane communication process.
Based on the above principles, this application provides a kind of coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, ginsengs See Fig. 1, which may include:
Test model vertical load system 300, Experiments of Optics system 100, horizontal light-gas gun impact system 200 and number letter Number control system 400;
The test model vertical load system 300, for applying Plumb load and control impact sliding to test model Guiding, wherein the test model is embedded with coarse fissure-plane, the quantity of the embedded coarse fissure-plane can be it is multiple, And a coarse crack is provided on each coarse fissure-plane;
The opposite two sides of the test model vertical load system 300 are arranged in Experiments of Optics system 100, herein, will This two sides refers to the two sides of coarse fissure-plane described in face, exists for capturing the coarse fissure-plane of test model by high speed camera Photoelastic Fringe Pattern picture during shearing slip;
The side of 300 device of test model vertical load system is arranged in horizontal light-gas gun impact system 200, Here, this side is referred to the side of coarse fissure-plane described in face, and this side is different from being mentioned at Guangxi's system 100 Two sides, for emitting the bullet of default impact velocity value, to test model apply dynamic stress wave effect;
Digital signal control system 400, for controlling the Experiments of Optics system 100, horizontal light-gas gun impact system 200 and test model vertical load system 300 collaborative work, be also used to control bullet impact be tested model when pulse swash The synchronization of high speed camera shooting in light emitting and Experiments of Optics system 100.
Disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application in technical solution, it can make full use of the Experiments of Optics of the test macro System 100, horizontal light-gas gun impact system 200, test model vertical load system 300, and pass through Digital Signals system System 400 controls the effect of these systematic collaborations, using the test model of the embedded 3D printing for penetrating coarse fissure-plane, to test model Vertical preloading, High-velocity Projectiles impact and high speed camera is carried out to shoot and pass through Experiments of Optics system capture test model described Photoelastic Fringe Pattern picture during coarse fissure-plane shearing slip is realized to the transparent of fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field It has been shown that, can transparence display and quantitatively characterizing dynamic stress wave propagated along coarse fissure-plane and shearing slip Dynamic stress field is drilled Law.
In order to guarantee the accuracy and reasonability of test process, in technical solution disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application, institute Stating test model in test model vertical load system 300 can be using the high-precision layering of U.S. STRATASYS company research and development More material stereo shaping 3D printer printings, the preferred transparent photosensitive resin material of Vero Clear of test model matrix, institute The static stress fringe value f0 for stating the transparent photosensitive resin material of Vero Clear is equal to 33.8N/mm, and elastic modulus E is equal to 3.1GPa, Poisson's ratio μ are equal to 0.30.And the test model it is embedded penetrate coarse crack can be by low-intensity fid Expect SUP706 filling.Then make it that the transparency increased be presented by polishing, polishing treatment in the test model completed to printing With preferable stress sensitivity, with facilitate Experiments of Optics system 100 observe.
Disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application in technical solution, the section curve of coarse fissure-plane in the test model A bar curve can be selected, it is contemplated that when the shock loading that left side of the horizontal light-gas gun impact system to test model applies, The dynamic stress wave of impact loading excitation is propagated earlier than test model right margin arrival mode up-and-down boundary, the reflection of generation The propagation of the original stress wave of wave interference and the instability effect of boundary stress wave, the application can be by designing multiple surveys Die trial molded dimension gradient is tested, and the model for the size for selecting a test effect optimal vertically adds as the test model Test model in loading system 300, applicant obtain after tested, and test model is preferably dimensioned to be 140 × 140 × 10mm, are Rectangular parallelepiped structure.Because the embedded coarse crack horizontal length penetrated of test model is 140mm, it is long to be higher than standard bar curve level Degree, therefore a bar scheme for curve matching is taken, the splicing Ba Dunqu of horizontal length 140mm is generated by a plurality of bar curve matching Line.Shown in fig. 5 bar of curve matching scheme is only a kind of example selected, the connection scheme of other bars curve with it is such Seemingly.One section bar curve AD is selected in the required curve used, the required curve used refers to the coarse crack pair pre-seted The curve answered draws a solid horizontal line to the upright position of left end point A from a bar curve right endpoint D for selection, and measurement obtains The horizontal distance L1 of curve AD, the solid horizontal line intersects at B with described bar curve AD, if BD length is greater than X-L1, It is the region BC of X-L1 that along B point, frame, which selects horizontal length, to the right, obtains the curve BC for being included in the BC of region;If BD length is small In X-L1, then selecting horizontal length to left frame along B point is the region CB of X-L1, obtains the curve CB for being included in the CB of region, will Curve CB obtains curve BC along vertical direction mirror image, and the curve BC is spliced to the right endpoint D of described bar of curve AD On, i.e., the B point of curve BC is overlapped with the D of curve AD point, C point is located at the right side of D point, using the C point of curve BC as E point, obtains To splicing bar curve AE, wherein the X is the coarse crack horizontal length.Fig. 6 indicates ten of horizontal length 140mm Splicing bar curve, the fractal dimension D i of the roughness quantization standard application curve of curve.
Specifically, after splicing obtains bar curve, to splice Ba Dunqu in (such as AUTOCAD) in mapping software On the basis of line, embedded three-dimensional digital model (the test mould for penetrating coarse fissure-plane of 140 × 140.5 × 10mm of size is drawn Type).In order to improve model print quality, the horizontal space between adjacent coarse fissure-plane in three-dimensional digital model is 0.5mm, Transverse plane vertical range is 70mm to the left end point and test model in the coarse crack on coarse fissure-plane up and down, and is split coarse It is arranged at the upper and lower position in coarse crack in gap face a series of existing with reference to measuring point (basal diameter 0.1mm, height in pairs The small column of 0.2mm), upper and lower corresponding measuring point is one group, and for detecting to the same coarse crack, color one is arranged It causing, the left and right measuring point in same level is different groups, for being detected to different coarse cracks, in actual use, The reference measuring point that different colours distinguish different groups can be used, generate final three-dimensional digital model.By the 3-dimensional digital of generation It is printed in mode input 3D printer control software, setting host material is printed using Vero Clear, and reference point is successively By six kinds of different colours materials of VeroCyan, VeroYellow, VeroMagenta, VeroPureWhite, VeroBlackPlus Printing alternate prints for convenience, and coarse crack is filled by backing material SUP706, after the completion of printing, removes the fid Expect SUP706, so that coarse crack is bonded, obtains test model.
Other than constructing coarse fissure-plane using above-mentioned bar curve, the application can also be thick using following methods building Rough fissure-plane, specific:
By CT scan and Three Dimensional Reconfiguration, representative crack Coal-body Structure is scanned, will be scanned Slice carries out three-dimensionalreconstruction, obtains true fissure-plane pattern mathematical model.The true fissure-plane that reconstruct is obtained is as described in The coarse fissure-plane of test model.
Corresponding, disclosed herein as well is a kind of specific structures of test model vertical load system 300, referring to fig. 4, institute Stating test model vertical load system 300 includes: test model A, L shape cushion block 301, ball bearing 302, loading motor pressure head 303, backing plate 304, frame loading frame 306, mould holder 307 and axially loaded motor 308 are loaded.
Specifically, the L shape cushion block 301 is for fixing test model 305A, the inside of the L shape cushion block 301 is towards institute Test model 305 is stated, and the cross bolster of the L shape cushion block 301 is located at the top of the test model 305A;
The ball bearing 302 is set to the cross bolster backwards to the outer surface of test model 305;
The load backing plate 304 is towards the ball bearing 302
The loading motor pressure head 303 is connected with the load backing plate 304 backwards to the face of ball bearing 302;
The mould holder 307 is set to 305 bottom of test model;
The axially loaded motor 308 is connected with the mould holder 307, flexible for controlling the mould holder 307;
Frame loading frame 306 is provided for fixing loading motor pressure head and axially loaded motor, and for the mould holder Support.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and Fig. 3, the test model 305 and 3D printer 309 can also be used as the survey A part of die trial type vertical load system 300.
In above scheme, Steel material processing is can be used in L shape cushion block 301 in the vertical load system, makes itself and test Model contact surface flatness with higher.L shape cushion block 301 and test model upper end contact portion design fluted structure, Its groove depth 5mm, groove width 6-12mm and adjustable, the groove structure is for locking L shape cushion block 301 and test model.L shape cushion block 301 risers are contacted with test model, such as are contacted with test model left end, and L shape cushion block 301 and test model left end contact portion Divide and bonded using high-intensitive, high-ductility glue, avoids bullet impact from directly acting on test model surface, cause model local damage And impact energy is caused not control quantitatively, meanwhile, it also ensures L shape cushion block 301 and test model good surface contact, solves Because interface is unglued, causes stress wave largely to reflect, lead to the problem of being transmitted to test model internal energy deep fades.Institute The ball bearing 302 stated is process using high-intensitive cylindrical roller, can bear 50MPa Structure Under Axial Compression, maximum horizontal sliding Distance is 80mm, is fixed in 301 upper end arc-shaped slot of L shape cushion block, and upper end when test model dynamic slides is greatly reduced The frictional force in portion and load 304 contact position of backing plate, experimental result are more accurate and reliable.Meanwhile the structure of ball bearing 302 is adopted With special designing, test model impact sliding guiding is controlled.The test lower end surface fixture clamping thickness range is 6- 12mm is mainly used for locked model lower half portion.
Referring to fig. 2, Experiments of Optics system, comprising:
Pulsed laser light source 102;
Beam expanding lens 103, the polarizer the 101, the 1st being successively set on the transmission path of the pulsed laser light source 102 4 wave plates 104, the second quarter wave plate 105, analyser 106 and high speed camera combination 107.
Wherein, the camera lens field range diameter of high speed camera combination is more than 140mm, and filming frequency is more than 200,000fps; The filming frequency that pulsed laser light source tranmitting frequency is combined with selected high speed camera is consistent, and pulsed laser light source halfwidth is small In 300ns, less than the 1/50 of the high speed camera combination time for exposure, therefore the dynamic photoelasticity stripe pattern quality shot is higher.Its In, the optic diameter of the polarizer and quarter wave plate and analyser is 300mm.
Further, referring to Fig. 3, special adjustable light splitting is increased in Experiments of Optics system 100 shown in Fig. 3 The optical path that test model 305 is emitted can be dispersed by mirror by design requirement, for example, by test model emitting light path uniform expansion At six different directions, it is respectively perpendicular across the second special quarter wave plate QAIn microscope group and analyser A microscope group it is corresponding it is each can Rotating wave plate forms six different polarized light fields, naturally it is also possible to which the optical path uniform expansion for projecting test model is at four Different directions, the light beam of four different directions of injection is through the second quarter wave plate QAFour are formed after microscope group and analyser A microscope group not Same polarized light field.At this point, will the second quarter wave plate of experiment, analyser is replaced with can revolve by specification of the same race, correspondingly respectively (the multiple wave plate refers to wave corresponding with the quantity for the light beam that adjustable spectroscope is adjusted out to multiple wave plates of modulation section Piece, such as six wave plates or six wave plates etc.) composition the second quarter wave plate microscope group and analyser microscope group, each wave plate in microscope group Diameter is 200mm.All lens prescriptions are used equally for the photoelastic test of test larger size experimental model, and eyeglass uses glass Glass material avoids plastic material bring eyeglass aging, caused image error problem.
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the horizontal light-gas gun impact system 200, including plenum chamber 201, with the high pressure The connected gun tube 202 of gas chamber 201, is removably arranged in the bullet 203 of the free end of the gun tube 202, the bullet 203 for passing through 301 indirect stroke test models.
The horizontal light-gas gun impact system 200, inside sets bullet protective device, system is safe and reliable.Wherein, bullet is impacted For cylindrical steel bullet, density 7.9g/cm3, bullet diameter 20mm, length 40mm, highest emission rate 220m/s.Certainly, When guaranteeing that bullet diameter or bottom edge diameter are equal to 20mm, bullet replaceable different patterns, unlike material are tested, at this time bullet matter Amount, specification are not quite similar, and corresponding highest emission rate also changes, and is not enumerating herein.
Referring to Fig. 3, the digital signal control system 400, including portable notebook 401, be connected with plenum chamber 201 With the control data line 402 of notebook 401, the control data line connected with light source 102 and notebook (the synchronous Trigger Function of band) 403。
Under the control of the digital signal control system 400, when bullet impact touches test model, the height The synchronous trigger pulse laser light source transmitting of resolution optical experimental system and high speed camera shooting, whole system close fit can be clear Clear acquisition dynamic impulsion acts on the lower photoelastic image of test model.
Following for convenient skilled in the art realises that the detailed process entirely tested, the application was also to specifically testing Cheng Jinhang detailed statement, specific test experiments process are as follows:
A, choose a splicing bar curve as test model is embedded and penetrate coarse crevasse curve, generate it is embedded penetrates it is natural slightly The three-dimensional geological mathematical model of rough fissure-plane imports 3D printing system, printing test model;
Its detailed process are as follows:
Based on empirical curve roughness demand, any coarse crevasse curve in Fig. 6 is chosen, two spacing 0.5mm are generated Coarse fissure-plane, be embedded in a length and width, it is thick be respectively 140mm, 140.5mm, 10mm cube plate center, coarse song Face is oriented parallel to slab length direction, and (bottom surface is straight in a series of reference measuring points existing in pairs of coarse curved surface setting up and down Diameter 0.1mm, the small column of height 0.2mm), corresponding measuring point is one group up and down, and solid colour is arranged, and left and right measuring point is different groups, It is distinguished using different colours, then by the digital three-dimensional image input 3D printer control software of generation, matrix is set Material using Vero Clear print, reference point successively by VeroCyan, VeroYellow, VeroMagenta, Five kinds of different colours material printing alternates of VeroPureWhite, VeroBlackPlus, by backing material between coarse curved surface SUP706 filling, setting completed, clicks printing;
B, test model is accurately held in load machine clamp, according to simulation real working condition crustal stress condition, is applied pre- If end lateral pressure P0;
Its detailed process is that printed test model surface is polished, is polished, the backing material benefit between fissure-plane It is dissolved, is then attached in vertical load system with the mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate, model upper end and L shape Cushion block is locked by adjustable groove, and left side and L shape cushion block contact area are using high-intensitive, high moulding gluing knot, lower end folder It holds in the mould holder being connected with load backing plate, is directed at load center.Then servo motor control in portable notebook is opened Software processed applies default lateral pressure to model;
C, in conjunction with white light " four-stepped switching policy " (at this point, spectroscope, which exports four light beams, the second quarter wave plate and analyser, to be had Four wave plates) and monochromatic light " six step phase shift methods " (at this point, spectroscope exports six light beams, the second quarter wave plate and analyser have six A wave plate), rotatory polarization instrument lens angle (angle of the light beam of adjustable spectroscope output, the angle of the second quarter wave plate with And the angle of the wave plate of analyser), control high speed camera captures ten width difference light intensity under the vertical preload condition of model specification Static stripe pattern;
Its detailed process are as follows: only acted on by default lateral pressure using high-precision optical experimental system shown in Fig. 2 shooting The photoelastic striped of test model, using under white light " four step colour phase shift methods " obtain isocline line phase, at this point, pulsed laser light Source exports white light, obtains isochromatic phase using " the six step phase shift methods " under monochromatic light, at this time the pulsed laser light source output Monochromatic light.By unpacking processing method, respectively obtains the first (or second) principal stress direction angle of model and isochromatic goes to wrap up Phasor.Stress separation is carried out, model whole audience stress distribution is finally obtained;
D, Fig. 7 Experiments of Optics system is replaced, according to microscope group wave plate angle in " six step phase shift methods " setting polarimeter;
Specifically, using Fig. 7 as its microscope group arrangement schematic diagram.Be arranged quarter wave plate microscope group in each wave plate angle γ successively Equal to 0,0,0, π/4, pi/2,3 π/4, in corresponding analyser microscope group each wave plate angle beta be successively equal to π/4,3 π/4,0, π/4, π/2、3π/4。
E, bullet impact velocity amplitude is set, the pellet injection that computerizeds control, cushion block on the left of shock-testing model are made;
Specifically, opening light-gas gun control software and gas cylinder valve in portable notebook, bullet impact speed is set Value;
F, synchronous triggering laser pulse light source transmitting and high speed camera shooting, capture under impact loading, test model Internal six width difference light intensity dynamic fringe images;
Specifically, selection impact triggering option in control software is triggered synchronous, chooses pulsed laser light source and high speed phase Unit option clicks firing button, and High-velocity Projectiles impact on test model L shape cushion block, while trigger pulse laser light source is sent out It penetrates pulse laser and high speed camera group is shot, obtain six groups of different dynamic photoelasticity images;
G, same four test models are printed again using high-precision 3D printer, control all conditions are consistent, replacement Fig. 8 Experiments of Optics system shoots corresponding four width difference light intensity dynamic fringe image according to " four-stepped switching policy ".
Specifically, printing four identical test models, transition diagram again using the high-precision characteristic of 3D printer Photoelastic examination system 100 shown in 2 shoots dynamic photoelasticity striped, and Fig. 8 is its microscope group arrangement schematic diagram.Rotation angle is respectively set β is equal to 0, π/8, π/4,3 π/8, carries out the impact experiment of four groups of identical vertical prestressing force and bullet impact speed, obtains four The dynamic photoelasticity image of group different angle;
After test, the systematic control software of light-gas gun gas cylinder valve and institute is closed, ten groups of dynamics of shooting are exported Photoelastic image;
Derived ten groups of dynamic photoelasticity images are handled, it is each to obtain model dynamic using " four-stepped switching policy " under pulse laser Moment isocline line phase is repaired isocline line phasor and obvious discontinuous zigzag fashion is occurred using image processing means, then into Row isoclinic angle attribute automatic discrimination, obtains the first (or second) principal stress direction angle of model.Use " the six step phases under pulse laser Shifting method " obtains each moment isochromatic wrapped phase of model dynamic and obtains model isochromatic by unpacking processing method and go to wrap up Phasor.By stress separation method, coarse fissure-plane shearing slip whole audience stress distribution under impact loading is finally obtained.Base The fundamental relation of elastic stress wave dynamic parameter and deviator stress under plane stress condition is transparent by dynamic isochromatic fringe pattern Dynamic stress wave wavefront propagation track is shown, by the distribution quantitatively characterizing dynamic stress wave of Dynamic stress field along coarse crack Face communication process.
What the present invention addressed a kind of rushes coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro, Experiments of Optics system Close fit between system, horizontal light-gas gun impact system, test model vertical load system and digital signal control system, Simultaneously using the embedded 3D printing model for penetrating coarse crack, the vertical preloading of model, High-velocity Projectiles impact and high speed camera shooting The methods of the isocline line and isochromatic Photoelastic Fringe Pattern picture of more points of mirror sync pulse jammings are exported, is realized to fissure-plane shearing slip dynamic The transparence display and quantitatively characterizing of stress.System structure it is compact it is complete, easy to operate, control is accurate, quantitative analysis is intuitive.This hair Bright test model is printed by more material high-precision layered stereoscopic 3D printers, compares existing test model processing method, impression block Molded dimension precision controlling is high, easy to process, and the mould processing period is greatly reduced and can print arbitrarily complicated structural plane knot Structure.Further, it is also possible to which using CT scan, Three Dimensional Reconfiguration realizes the printing to the coarse fissure-plane of true rock mass, so that test The more identical engineering of the fissured structure of model is practical;Test model of the present invention uses the transparent photosensitive resin material of Vero Clear, Light transmittance and pressure sensibility are higher;Test model vertical load system of the present invention is by servo motor closed-loop control, compared to existing There is prestressing force test model vertical load system, increases the high-intensitive ball bearing structure for reducing End Friction.For control Impact energy caused by the part of test model is broken when model impacts glide direction and bullet high speed impact can not be controlled quantitatively Problem, increases L shape cushion block and L shape cushion block, ball bearing, loading pad board group close the sliding guide frame to be formed, cushion block and mould The contact of type surface uses groove structure, and is bonded using high-intensitive, high-ductility glue, reduces cushion block and test model contacts boundary Stress wave attentuation effect caused by face does not bond;The present invention combines static state is photoelastic to solve principal stress direction angle and master using phase shift method Stress difference method and image spectroscopic imaging technology, propose using light splitting principle, and outgoing test model optical path is divided into six beams, point It is not presented on second quarter wave plate and analyser of six groups of different angles, solves and be difficult in existing dynamic photoelasticity test method The photoelastic image problem under the lower six width difference light field setting of the same state of test model is captured simultaneously, so that phase shift method becomes quantitative Characterize a kind of approach of dynamic stress full-field distribution.Digital signal control system of the present invention only by portable notebook, controls number According to line, data line (the synchronous Trigger Function of band) composition is controlled, existing dynamic impulsion experiment by photoelastic method control system is compared, it is entire to be It unites only one controlling terminal, has easy to control, structure is simplified, save lab space, saves experiment porch to build cost etc. Advantage.The 3D printing test model proposed by the present invention embedded using bullet impact through coarse fissure-plane, and utilize dynamic optical Bullet system captures ten width Different Dynamic Photoelastic Fringe Pattern pictures, in conjunction with " four-stepped switching policy ", " six step phase shift methods " and image procossing skill Art obtains coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field cloud atlas under impact loading, transparence display and quantitatively characterizing crack Face shearing slip Dynamic stress field develops and dynamic stress wave propagation law.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For device disclosed in embodiment For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is said referring to method part It is bright.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one The widest scope of cause.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro characterized by comprising
Test model vertical load system, for applying Plumb load and control impact sliding guiding, the survey to test model Die trial type is embedded with coarse fissure-plane;
Experiments of Optics system, for capturing Photoelastic Fringe Pattern of test model during the coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Picture;
Horizontal light-gas gun impact system, for by way of the bullet for emitting default impact velocity value to test model to test Model applies dynamic stress wave effect;
Digital signal control system, for controlling Experiments of Optics system, horizontal light-gas gun impact system and the test model The collaborative work of vertical load system, be also used to control bullet impact be tested model when pulse laser emission and Experiments of Optics The synchronization of high speed camera shooting in system.
2. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The section curve of the coarse fissure-plane of the test model is splicing bar curve.
3. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 1, the splicing Ba Dunqu The generating process of line are as follows:
One section bar curve AD is selected in the required curve used, the required curve used refers to the coarse crack pair pre-seted The curve answered draws a solid horizontal line to the upright position of left end point A from a bar curve right endpoint D for selection, and measurement obtains The horizontal distance L1 of curve AD, the solid horizontal line intersects at B with described bar curve AD, if BD length is greater than X-L1, It is the region BC of X-L1 that along B point, frame, which selects horizontal length, to the right, obtains the curve BC for being included in the BC of region;If BD length is small In X-L1, then selecting horizontal length to left frame along B point is the region CB of X-L1, obtains the curve CB for being included in the CB of region, will Curve CB obtains curve BC along vertical direction mirror image, and the curve BC is spliced to the right endpoint D of described bar of curve AD On, obtain splicing bar curve AE, wherein the X is the coarse crack horizontal length.
4. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
Coarse fissure-plane is to be scanned to crack Coal-body Structure, by CT scan and Three Dimensional Reconfiguration by scan slice Carry out three-dimensionalreconstruction, the true fissure-plane of acquisition, using the true fissure-plane as the coarse fissure-plane of test model.
5. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Be additionally provided in test model it is multiple with reference to measuring point for being detected to coarse curved surface so that high speed camera passes through detection The variation with reference to point position captures the shearing slip changing of the relative positions situation of place's test model located horizontally from the emitter, each coarse Fissure-plane is matched with corresponding with reference to measuring point, also, the mark that reference measuring point arrangement corresponding to different coarse fissure-planes is different.
6. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 1, which is characterized in that high pressure The bullet of the free end of the gun tube, the bullet is removably arranged in gas chamber, the gun tube being connected with the plenum chamber Ball is used for shock-testing model.
7. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 1, which is characterized in that test Model vertical load system, comprising:
For fixing the L shape cushion block of the test model, the inside of the L shape cushion block is towards the test model, and the L shape The cross bolster of cushion block is located at the top of the test model;
It is set to the ball bearing of the cross bolster outer surface;
Load backing plate towards the ball bearing;
The loading motor pressure head being connected with the loading pad backboard to the face of ball bearing;
It is set to the mould holder of the test model bottom;
The axially loaded motor to stretch for controlling the mould holder being connected with the mould holder;
Frame loading frame provides support for fixing loading motor pressure head and axially loaded motor, and for the mould holder.
8. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described The cross bolster of L shape cushion block 301 is provided with groove structure towards the test model on one side, for locking the L shape cushion block 301 with the test model contact portion.
9. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 1, which is characterized in that optics Experimental system, comprising:
Pulsed laser light source;
Beam expanding lens, polarizer, the first quarter wave plate, the 2nd 1/4 being successively set on the transmission path of the pulsed laser light source Wave plate, analyser and high speed camera combination.
10. coarse fissure-plane shearing slip Dynamic stress field test macro according to claim 9, which is characterized in that light It learns in experimental system, further includes:
Adjustable spectroscope is respectively perpendicular and wears for test model emitting light path to be extended to the light beam in multiple and different directions Cross corresponding each rotatable wave plate in second quarter wave plate and analyser A microscope group;
Second quarter wave plate QA microscope group and analyser A microscope group are made of the factor optical wave plate of the same race of multiple diameter 200mm
Second quarter wave plate is the quarter wave plate microscope group for the multiple wave plates composition being adjusted by rotation, and the analyser includes multiple Specification of the same race revolves wave plate.
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